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Introduction
Children admitted to the hospital have pain caused
either by the underlying disease or by the diagnostic or
therapeutic procedures.
Introduction
WHY?
The long-term negative effects of pain are becoming more
apparent
Inadequately treated pain, particularly in the neonatal period
Introduction
Children admitted to the hospital have pain caused
either by the underlying disease or by the diagnostic or
therapeutic procedures.
Definition
Physiologic
Physiologic
Facial expression of
pain
Behavioural
NIPS
(1) facial expression
(2) cry
(3) breathing patterns
(4) arms
(5) legs
(6) state of arousal
Interpretation:
minimum score: 0
maximum score: 7
LEGS
ACTIVITY
CRY
2
0
Content, relaxed
CONSOLE
0
1
2
0
A
C
Brief word instructions: Point to each face using the words to describe the
pain intensity. Ask the child
to choose face that best describes own pain and record the appropriate number.
Wongs Essentials of Pediatric Nursing, 6/e, St. Louis, 2001, P.
1301.
Management
Nonpharmacologic
Physical strategies
Distraction
Blowing bubbles
Playing with pop-up toys
Looking through a kaleidoscope
Imagining a superhero
Suggestion
Breathing techniques
Guided imagery
Monitoring