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This
documents
the
Ansoft
HFSS
(VER
12.1)
software
used
to
design
the
UW-Milwaukee
Thermoacoustic
Testbed.
Testbed.hfss
can
be
run
as
is
to
reveal
characteristics
of
the
UWM
testbed,
and
it
can
also
be
modified
to
design
testbeds
for
different
system
parameters:
carrier
frequency,
acoustic
coupling
material,
testbed
length,
etc.
The
UWM
thermoacoustic
testbed
is
essentially
a
transmission
line,
propagating
high
power,
submicrosecond
pulses
with
carrier
frequency
108
MHz
along
a
waveguide
of
24cm
width
and
variable
height
of
10-15cm.
Testbed
total
length
is
64cm;
distance
between
input
and
output
probes
is
48cm.
High-voltage
(~2kV)
pulses
propagate
from
a
custom
amplifier
along
EIA
1
5/8
air-filled
coaxial
line
through
a
custom
gas
barrier
and
into
the
water
filled
testbed.
The
electric
field
excited
is
primarily
TE10
mode,
with
a
small
amount
of
standing
wave
TE103
mode
due
to
reflections
at
the
end
of
the
testbed.
An
output
port
identical
to
the
input
port
efficiently
transmits
energy
to
a
dummy
load.
For
more
details
on
Rev
#1
of
the
UWM
testbed
see
D.
Fallon,
L.
Yan,
G.W.
Hanson,
S.K.
Patch,
"RF
Testbed
for
Thermoacoustic
Tomography,"
Review
of
Scientific
Instruments,
80,
#064301,
(2009).
This
work
was
supported
by
NIH-NCI
grant
1R21CA137364
Part
I
To
run
Rev
#1
software
using
HFSSs
default
FEM
scheme
(First
order
of
Basis
Functions)
Note:
solving
with
mixed-order
basis
functions
and
the
iterative
solver
can
save
a
lot
of
RAM.
In
HFSS
12,
this
is
set
under
the
Options
tab
in
the
Solution
Setup.
Launch
HFSS.
Open
A
HFSS
Project.
1.
2. Use the file browser to find the UWMTestbed .hfss project file.
3.
Analyze.
To start the solution process:
1.
Select the menu item HFSS > Analyze All or click the icon
Solution
data
To view the Solution Data:
Select
the
menu
item
HFSS
>
Results
>
Solution
Data
1.
3.
viewed
4.
To
view
the
Matrix
Data:
click the Matrix Data Tab
Note: To view a real-time update of the Matrix
Data, set the Simulation to Setup1, Last
Adaptive.
5.
Create Reports
To create a report:
1.
Select the menu item HFSS > Results > Create Modal Solution Data Report > Rectangular Plot
2.
Traces
Window:
1)
2)
Domain: Sweep
3)
For
Y
a)
Category: S Parameter
b)
c)
Function: dB
d)
e)
Quantity: S(waveport2,waveport1)
f)
Select
an
object:
1)
2)
b)
Alternatively, you may use the gu 3D Modeler Tree to select a solid of interest.
3) .Select
the
menu
item
HFSS
>
Fields
>
Plot
Fields
>
E
>
Mag_E
4) .within
the
Create
Field
Plot
Window
a)
Quantity: Mag_E
2)
3)
IsoValType:
Tone
Click
the
Apply
button.
Num. Division: 30
d) Select
linear
e)
Edit
Sources
To Modify the excitation power:
1.
Select the menu item HFSS > Fields > Edit Sources
2.
3.
4.
Field
Animations
To
Animate
a
Magnitude
field
plot:
one
can
simply
right
click
on
the
field
of
interest
as
listed
in
the
project
manager
tree,
or
one
can
1.
2.
3.
Click OK button.
2.
Use the file browser to find the Testbed .hfss project file.
3.
4.
Modify
System
Parameters
Note
that
changing
either
of
these
parameters
may
force
one
to
also
change
testbed
dimensions,
particularly
width.
2.
3.
4.
1)
2)
3)
Frequency Setup: change the start and stop to the new carrier frequency band
2)
2)
2)
3)
Select Cavity
2.
Select the Cavity in the 3D Modeler Design Tree and click the right button of the mouse
2)
Or,
when
you
select
the
Cavity,
Property
window
appears
at
the
bottom
of
the
screen
to
show
the
properties
of
the
selected
object.
Then
click
the
Material:
water_fresh
tab.
3)
4)
Change
the
value
of
parameters
to
the
new
material,
b ut
never
change
the
material
name.
Fig.
1
The
Testbed
and
the
global
coordinate
system
1.
HFSS
allows
us
to
define
variables
in
replace
of
a
fixed
position
or
size.
Optimetircs
can
then
be
used
to
perform
automatic
Optimization
and
Parametric
Sweeps.
Variables
can
be
defined
using
any
combination
of
math
functions
or
design
variables.
Here
the
variables
used
for
the
testbed
design
are
listed
in
Table
1.
Table
1.
Variables
used
to
describe
the
3D
model
of
the
Testbed
Name
Value
Unit
Description
24
cm
15
cm
64
cm
cx_zpos
7.3
cm
cx_od
1.527
in
cx_id
0.664
in
prb_d
0.25
in
prb_ht
cm
cx_id_2
0.46
in
Diameter of cxind
disk_ypos
7.5
cm
disk_zpos
cm
disk_dia
cm
disk_thick
0.5
cm
td_zpos
27
cm
td_dia
1.04
in
td_ht
cm
2.
Objects description
In
order
to
show
the
testbed
structure
clearly,
all
the
objects
listed
in
the
3D
Modeler
Design
Tree
will
be
illustrated
in
the
following
figures.
The
object
name
is
highlighted
in
blue
in
the
project
tree
(left)
and
the
corresponding
object
model
is
highlighted
in
purple
in
the
3D
Modeler
Window
(right).
In
HFSS,
the
objects
are
grouped
by
material
properties.
Note:
object_1/_2
is
the
duplication
of
the
object
with
the
same
name.
1) Objects
with
material
property:
Copper
Note
cxina
is
actually
a
combination
of
four
objects
by
Boolean
function:
cxina,
cxinb,
cxinc
and
cxind.
cxin
a
cxinb
cxinc
cxind
Note
insa
is
a
combination
of
insa,
insb
and
insc.
In
order
not
to
overlap
with
different
material
objects,
here
the
cxina
was
first
duplicate
and
then
subtracted
from
the
object
insa
by
Boolean
operation.
insa
insb
insc
4) Objects
with
material
property:
water_fresh
3.
2)
3)
4)
5)
Change
the
value,
n ote
XSize,
YSize
and
ZSize
correspond
to
the
variables
a,
b,
d
respectively
6)
4.
1) Parametric
Sweeps
Sometimes
we
want
to
see
the
effect
of
a
dimension
change
on
the
Testbed.
To
do
so,
we
can
sweep
the
parameter
with
a
parametric
sweep.
For
example,
we
take
prb_d
(the
diameter
of
the
probe),
to
see
the
effect
of
the
diameter
of
the
probe
on
the
|S21|.
Add
a
parametric
sweep
1) Select
the
menu
item
HFSS
>
Optimetrics
Analysis
>
Add
Parametric
or
extend
the
project
tree,
right
click
on
Optimetrics
>
select
Add>Parametric...
2) Setup
Sweep
Analysis
Window:
Optimetrics
results
To
view
the
Optimetrics
Results:
1) Select
the
menu
item
HFSS
>
Optimetrics
Analysis
>
Optimetrics
Results
2) Select
the
Profile
Tab
to
view
the
solution
progress
for
each
setup.
3) Click
the
Close
button
when
you
are
finished
viewing
the
results
Create
S-Parameter
Plot
S11
at
each
prb_d
To
create
a
report:
1) Select
the
menu
item
HFSS
>
Results
>
Create
Modal
Solution
Data
Report>Rectangular
plot
2) Report
Window:
Amplified picture
2) Optimization
The
Parametric
Sweep
is
useful
for
generating
design
curves.
However,
if
there
are
many
variables
rather
one
or
two,
it
is
not
easy
to
make
educated
guesses
at
performance
targets.
We
can
use
the
Optimetrics
with
Optimization
takes
the
guess
work
out
of
achieving
performance
target.
To
Define
Optimization
Design
Variable
1) Select
the
menu
item
HFSS
>
Design
Properties
2) Click
the
Optimization
radio
button:
3) Name:
prb_d
4) Include:
Checked
5) Min:
0.2in
6) Max:
0.6in
7) Click
the
OK
button
Add
Optimization
Setup
1) Select
the
menu
item
HFSS
>
Optimetrics
Analysis
>
Add
Optimization
or
alternatively,
one
may
right
click
on
Optimetrics
in
the
project
tree,
then
select
Add
>
optimization
2) Setup
Optimization
Window:
a) Optimizer: Quasi-Newton
b) Max. No. of Iterations: 10
c) Click the Setup Calculations button
In the Add/Edit Calculation window
1) Solution : Setup1:Last Adaptive
2) Category: S Parameter
3) Quantity: S(waveport2, waveport1)
4) Function: dB
5) Click the Calculation Range tab
Freq: 0.108GHz
6) Click the Add Calculation button
7) Click the Done button
d)
e)
f)
g)
Condition: >=
( criterion for optimization |S21| >= goal)
Goal: -2
(this represents a goal of -2dB for S21)
Weight: 1
Acceptable Cost: 0
Analyze
Optimization
To
start
the
solution
process:
1) Expand the Project Tree to
display
the
items
listed
under
Optimetrics
2) Right-click
the
mouse
on OptimizationSetup1 and
choose Analyze
Optimetrics
Results
To
view
the
Optimetrics
Results:
1) Select
the
menu
item
HFSS
>
Optimetrics
Analysis
>
Optimetrics
Results
2) Click
the
Close
button
when
you
are
finished
viewing
the
results
Once the Optimization completes, the design will automatically be updated with the
Optimum value. To view the performance of the device versus frequency will require you to
analyze the HFSS project with the optimum design value.
To
analyze
the
optimum
design
The existing XY Plot 1 will automatically be updated when the solution completes.