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To Do List

This is a list of items we have identified as needing work:

WaTER
NaOH
Stabilization
Concentrate disposal (evap. Ponds)
pipelines
intakes
outfalls
Energy cost for Concentrate outfall
Dechlorination / Ozonation mods.
Cost formulas, where did they come from, are they estimated from graphs or from qasim
Evap Ponds
Deep Well injection
set lower limits
set upper limits
heating & lighting is not based on day light or outside air temp.
"H2O analysis" - Valence changes with pH
"References" Section

WT Cost Software Comments


have check marks for including/not including certain costs (e.g. building heating)

trate outfall

Introduction to this model (WaTER)

WaTER or "Water Treatment Estimation Routine" is a model for estimating the cost of drinking water treatment. WaTER is
the MS Excel program that is the basis for the Visual Basic program called "WTCost". WaTER was developed by the U.S.
Bureau of Reclamation (USBR) "Water Treatment Engineering and Research Group". WaTER is updated on a semi
continuous basis (adding new treatment techniques, modifying costs, etc.). WaTER can be downloaded at:
http://www.usbr.gov/pmts/water/awtr.html
WaTER uses the 1979 USEPA water treatment cost estimates (1978 dollars) and the 1992 Quasim updates to the 1979
costs as the basis. Costs are updated to todays costs. Processes not included in the 1979 or 1992 updates are estimated
from USBR experience and manufacturere estimates. The majoirty of the program is based on applicable flows between 1
and 200 MGD. There has been some recent work incorporating smaller flows of 2,500 gpd to 1 MGD.
Information on treatment techniques included in WaTER for all USEPA regulated contaminants can be found in the USBR
publication "Water Treatment Primer for Communities in Need"
WTcost is a Visual Basic version of this program (with some edits and additions) developed by Irvine Moch. This program
is for sale through Irvine Moch & Associates.
I. Moch & Assoc., Inc.
PMB 161, Suite 6, 1812 Marsh Road, Wilmington, DE 19910-4528
(302) 477-0420, Fax: (302) 477-0242, E- Mail:imoch@aol.com
This version last updated on:

12/18/06

Comments
This model is updated on a continuous basis when funding and time permits. Work on this model is not currently funded
and has not been funded since FY04. Although this is labeled as a "Non Functional Version" there are many components
that work. The non functional status comes from the fact that not everything has been fully checked and there are some
components that do not funciton or do not function correctly.
We welcome any comments (especially corrections).
Comments on this model should be addressed to Michelle Chapman at the USBR in Denver
MCHAPMAN@do.usbr.gov
11/4/2005

Key for WaTER program

###

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

usually contain formulas or data that do change


requires entry of data, and may or may not change
entered data that usually do not change
reference
goal seek cells
limit error
unknown use of data
future work and problems that need to be fixed

Major Notes

Capital costs are computed using the peak day flow and an operation time factor (OTF) to account for down tim
O&M costs are computed using the average daily flow which accounts for daily usage of chemicals, power, etc.

Design Notes

r (OTF) to account for down time which increases the hourly flow rate, but not the daily flow rate
usage of chemicals, power, etc.

Components of the WaTER program


Intake

Pre-Treatment

Disinfection

Desalination

Primary Treatment
Chemicals
-Cl2
-Ozone
-Potassium Permanganate
-Acid
-Lime
-Antiscalant

Concentrate Outfall

Dechlorination
-Sodium Bisulfite
-Sodium Sulfite
-Sulfer Dioxide

Concentrate Disposal
- Outfall
- Evap. Ponds

MF
FLOW
Pre Desal Primary
Treatment Feed Flow

NF/RO
Feed Flow

UF

Air Stripping

PreDesal Primary
Treatment Product
Flow
Rapid Mix Tank

Chemicals
-Cl 2
-Ozone
-Potassium Permanganate
-Acid
-Lime

UFSCC

Desal
Feed Flow

NF/RO

NF/RO Product
Flow
Plant Production Flow

ED
Desal
Product Flow

Gravity Filter
IX

Coagulant
-Ferric Chloride
-Ferric Sulfate
-Alum (dru)
-Alum (liquid)

Intake Pipe

Disinfection
-Cl2
-Ozone
-Chlorine Dioxide
-Chloramines

Blending

Blending
Flow

Stabilization

Coagulant Aid
-PolyElectrolyte
-PACl

Plant Production Flow


Clearwell
FLOW

Plant Feed
Flow
Concentrate Outfall

Drawing Not Completely Accurate

MF

Air Stripping

Primary Treatment
Feed Flow

UF

Plant Production Flow


Primary Treatment
Product Flow

Rapid Mix Tank


Chemicals
-Cl2
-Ozone
-Potassium Permanganate
-Acid
-Lime

UFSCC

Gravity Filter
Disinfection
-Cl2
-Ozone
-Chlorine Dioxide
-Chloramines

FLOW

Coagulant
-Ferric Chloride
-Ferric Sulfate
-Alum (dry)
-Alum (liquid)
-PACl
-Lime
Coagulant Aid
-PolyElectrolyte

Warnings
Note: If Warnings are present, they are higlighted with red fill
Worksheet
b
e
i
j

Worksheet
Capacity
H20 Analysis
Acid
IronFeed

AlumFeed

L
m
n

PolyAC
De-Cl2&O4
CL2

NHCL

Ozone

LimeFeed

r
s

Antiscalent Polymer
PolyElectrolyte

KMnO4

GravityFilt

IX

z
f

MF-P input
RO&NF Input

e.g.

Paremeter
units
Feed Flow
MGD
Ion Product for Concentrate
Acid addition H2SO4
Dose Rate by volume
Basis dose rate
kg/day
Calculated dose rate
kg/hr.
Liquid Alum dose rate
kg/hr.
Calculated dose rate
kg/hr.
Basis dose rate kg/day:
kg/hr.
Basis
kg/day
Calculated Cl2 Dose
kg/day
Calculated Aqua Ammonia
kg/day
Ozone Requirements:
kg/day
Basis Lime:
kg/hr
Basis Soda:
kg/hr
Basis Polymer Feed
kg/day
Basis Polymer Feed
kg/day
Basis KMnO4
kg/day
Feed/Product Flow
gpd
Filter area (m2):
m2
Filter area (m2):
m2
Service Flow Rate :
L/(hr*L resin)
Filter area (m2):
m2
Design MF product flow rate
MGD
Primary Treatment Product Flow
L/s
Size
hp
Size
hp
Size
hp

Value

Lower limit

0
0
1212
64
128
16
401
946
1568
376
379
118
0
223
223
891
81699
2120
2120
20
50
100
4796
528 error
163
139

Upper Limit

0.04
144
4
4
4
0.5
4
4
110
4
4
4
0.4
0.5
0.4
2500
13
13
16
13
0.01
0
3
3

0.00019
20
72000
2300
2500
2300
100
4500
4500
2300
1800
4500
4500
100
100
220
200,000,000
2600
2600
40
2600
0
0
error
350
350

assumptions

assuming H2SO4 limits and not HCL


assuming ferrics sulfate and not ferrous chloride limits

b/w pump
gravity filter

high pressure pump


transfer pump
product water pump

Limits (From EPA-600/2-79-162b, figure 39-41)


Limits (From EPA-600/2-79-162b, figure 39-41)
Limits (From EPA-600/2-79-162b, figure 16-18)
Limits (From EPA-600/2-79-162b, figure 16-18)
not in epa
not in epa
Limits (From EPA-600/2-79-162b, figure 1-3)
Limits (From EPA-600/2-79-162b, figure 1-3)
Limits (From EPA-600/2-79-162b, figure 42-44)
Limits (From EPA-600/2-79-162b, figure 11-13)
Limits (From EPA-600/2-79-162b, figure 24-26)
not in epa
Limits (From EPA-600/2-79-162b, figure 21-23)
not in epa
Limits (From EPA-600/2-79-162b, figure 27-29)
Limits (From EPA-600/2-79-162b, and EPA-600/3-79-162b
wrong calculation/referece in table
Limits (From EPA-600/2-79-162b, figure 67-69)

EPA-600/2-79-162c
Estimating Water Treatment Costs. Volume 3. Cost Curves Applicable to 2,500 gpd to 1 MGD Treatment Plants
Hansen, Sigurd, Robert Gumerman, and Ressell Culp.
August 1979.Concract # 68-03-2516
196 pages

gpd to 1 MGD Treatment Plants

Project Info
Project Name

Model Development

Date

06/07/04

Membrane Stage

A1

Worksheets included in this program:


#
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
j
k
L
m
n
o
p
q
r
s
t
u
v
w
x
y
z
aa
bb
cc
dd
ee
f
gg
hh
ii
jj

Worksheet
Project & Stage Info
Capacity
Report
Cost Index
H2O Analysis
RO & NF Input
RO & NF Output
CO2
Acid
IronFeed
Alum Feed
PACl
De-Cl2
Cl2
NHCl
Ozone
Lime Feed
Antiscalant
PolyElectrolyte
KMnO4
GAC
Clearwell
Gravity Filter
UFSCC
IX
MF Input
MF Output
Rejection
ConcOutfall
IonicsED
ED2
Pumps
StandardAnalyses
S&DSI
LSI
Stif & Davis

Description
Project title, date, list of worksheets in WaTER
Production Capacity and water data report
Process information input and cost output
Cost indices, interest rates, amortization
Water quality input
Input of membrane and system parameters
Cost and energy output
Recarbonation basin
Sulfuric & Hydorchloric acid

Dechlorination with sodium sulfite, sodium bisulfite, and sulfer dioxide

NF & RO Conditioning

(if applicable)

{b}Capacity

Project Name

Model Development

Date

Stage

06/07/04

A1

Flow Rate Input Page & Water Data Report


Plant Operations Schedule
Plant availability due to down time
Planned operation time per day
Combined operation time factor (OTF)

%
95
100

decimal
0.95 (used to estimate production/year)
1.00 (used to calculate energy & chemical costs)
0.950

Note: Peak daily flow should be used for capital costs and average daily flow should be used for O&M costs
Most flow rates are limited to 1 to 200 MGD

1,292,630,400
897,660
2000

1000 cfs and 300 cfs.


646,315,200
448,830
1000

193,894,560
134,649
300

Average Daily Flow


Plant Production Flow
Flowrate (Enter in ONE of these cells, set rest cells to "0")
O&M: Flowrate
Flowrate (with OTF)
System Capacity (with OTF)

L/Sec.
0.00
4,380.79
4,611.35

L/Min.

L/day

0.0
262,847.2
276,681.3

0
378,500,000

gpm
0
69436.9
73,091.5

gph
0
4,166,215
4,385,490

gpd

MGD

0
99,989,169
105,251,757

398,421,053

gal/year
100.00
99.99
105.3

m3/day

m3/year

36,520,244,042

0
378,500

138,244,097

38,442,362,150

398,421.1

145,520,102

Peak Day Flow


Plant Production Flow
Flowrate (Enter in ONE of these cells, set rest cells to "0")
Flowrate
Capital: Flowrate (with OTF)
System Capacity (with OTF)

L/Sec.

NF/RO Feed Flow Rate


O&M: NF/RO Feed Flow Rate:*
Capital: NF/RO Feed Flow Rate (with OTF):

L/Sec.
5,153.87
54.25

L/Min.
309,232.03
3,255.07

L/day
445,294,118

gpm
81,690.50
859.90

gph
4,901,429.85
51,594.00

gpd
117,634,316
1,238,256

MGD

L/Sec.
5,153.87
54.25

L/Min.
309,232.03
3,255.07

L/day
445,294,118

gpm
81,690.50
859.90

gph
4,901,429.85
51,594.00

gpd
117,634,316
1,238,256

MGD

0.00
43.81
46.11

L/Min.

L/day

0.0
2,628.5
2,766.8

0
3,785,000

gpm

gph

0.0
694.4
730.9

0
41,662
43,855

gpd

MGD

0
999,892
1,052,518

3,984,211

gal/year
1.00
1.00

m3/day

m3/year

365,202,440

0
3,785

1,382,441

1.1

384,423,621

3,984.2

1,455,201.0

117.63

gal/year
42,964,992,991

m3/day
445,294.12

m3/year
162,640,114.12

117.63

gal/year
42,964,992,991

m3/day
445,294.12

m3/year
162,640,114.12

Note: NF/RO Feed Flow = (Plant Production Flow) / (NF/RO Recovery)

Rapid Mix Feed Flow Rate


O&M: Rapid Mix Feed Flow Rate:*
Capital: Rapid Mix Feed Flow Rate (with OTF):
Note Rapid Mix Feed Flow = (Plant Production Flow) / (NF/RO Recovery)

Water Treatment Cost Estimation Program

{u}GAC

Granular Activated Carbon Filtration


Units
Desired Flow Rate:

Bed Life (months)


1978 Capital Cost:

4611 L/s

12
28,273,633

Water Treatment Cost Estimation Program

{u}GAC

Alternative Units
73,099 gpm

6
59,763,158

Alternative Units
398,421 m3/day

3
79,684,211

Water Treatment Cost Estimation Program

Project Name

Model Development

Date

Stage

06/07/04

A1

Cost reports for water treatment processes


Production Capacity
Average Daily Flow (for O&M)
378,500
138,244,097
99,989
36,520,244

Cost Parameter

Units

Alternative Units

Construction Cost
$/m3

$/kgal

$/yr

Operating Cost
$/m3

$/kgal

Intake

Process

Peak Daily Flow (for capital)


3,785 m3/day
1,382,441 m3/year
1,000 kgal/day
365,202 kgal/year

Pre-Treatment

Ozone
Dose Rate (~5mg/L):
Contact Time (~2 min):

1.0
2.0

mg/L
min

Chlorination
Residual;
Calculated Dose Rate:
Alternative Dose Rate:

2.5
2.5

mg/L
mg/L
mg/L

Air Stripping
Residual;
Calculated Dose Rate:
Alternative Dose Rate:

2.5
2.5

mg/L
mg/L
mg/L

Microfiltration
Microfilter system equipment
Number of microfilter
Recovery

Memcor, 90M10C
103
0.98

5153.9

Primary Treatment

Gravity Filtration
Calculated Surface Area:
Alternative Surface Area:
Structure:
Backwashing:
Media
Rapid Sand
Coal/Sand
Coal/Sand/Garnet
Coal/GreenSand/Coal

2,120.45

Upflow Solids Contact Clarifier


How Many?
Retention Time (min)
Calculated Surface Area:
Alternative Surface Area:
G Rating %
G Rating %
G Rating %

Desalination
Stabilization

773.38

2,927.56

233,064

0.18

0.67

371,544

98.16

371.58

77,792

0.06

0.22

1
180
9857

#REF!

#REF!

#REF!

#REF!

#REF!

62,355,748

164.74

0.05

2,670,491

0.02

0.07

$
$
$

74,243,293
156,931,146
209,241,528

$
$
$

196.15
414.61
552.82

$
$
$

742.51
1,569.48
2,092.64

$
$
$

17,655,788
23,668,969
26,132,532

$
$
$

0.13
0.17
0.19

$
$
$

0.48
0.65
0.72

$
$

11,921,849
5,647,058

$
$

31.50
14.92

$
$

119.23
56.48

$
$

670,324
59,945

$
$

0.00
0.00

$
$

0.02
0.00

$
$
$
$

1,797,258
1,797,258
2,546,115
2,995,430

8,059,211

21.29

80.60

$
$
$

150,352
234,071
319,042

$
$
$

0.00
0.00
0.00

$
$
$

0.00
0.01
0.01

(decimal)

L/sec
L/sec

81699 gal/min
gal/min

Bed Life
12
6
3

Months
Months
Months

Desalination

2,927,245

#REF!

Granular Activated Carbon


Flow rate
Alternative Flow Rate:

Reverse Osmosis/Nanofiltration
Membrane Type
Number of elements
Operating Pressure
NaCl Rejection
Recovery
Target Product TDS
Blending? (Y or N)
Ratio (Blend:Product)

m2
m2

m2
m2

22825 ft2

106101 ft2
ft2

70
110
150
$

93,010,050

245.73

930.20

23,847,981

0.17

0.65

2,208,278

5.83

22.09

3,081,756

0.02

0.08

37,892,808

100.11

378.97

66,640,633

0.48

1.82

150,865

0.00

0.00

FilmTec
20139
1542
0.995
0.85
50
Y
9.5

elements
kPa
(decimal)
(decimal)
mg/L

224 lb/in2

Ion Exchange
Cation Equivalents/L Resin
$/m3 Cation Exchange Resin
Cation Resin Volume:
To Remove Cation Equivalents/L:
Anion Equivalents /L Resin
$/m3 Anion Exchange Resin
Anion Resin Volume
To Remove Anion Equivalents /L:
Run Cycle

20
$1,607
1,577
1.05E-04
11
$6,250
1,577
7.21E-03
1

Ionics Electrodialysis Reversal


Staff Days/day
TDS

3
1000

mg/L

Electrodialysis
Membrane Area:
Product TDS
Number of Stages (1 or 2)
Recovery per Stage
Recovery

0
500
2
0.5
0.75

m2
mg/L
stages
(decimal)
(decimal)

Free Chlorine Level


Sodium Bisulfite: Cost
Calculated Dose
Alternative Dose

1.0
300
1.5

mg/L as Cl2
$/
mg/L
mg/L

2,499,500

6.60

25.00

2,462,340

0.02

0.07

Sodium Sulfite: Cost


Calculated Dose
Alternative Dose

300
0.9

$/
mg/L
mg/L

480,299

1.27

4.80

504,695

0.00

0.01

Sulfur Dioxide: Cost


Calculated Dose

300
0.9

$/
mg/L

480,299

1.27

4.80

504,695

0.00

0.01

m3

45 ft3
56,324 ft3

m3

175 ft3
56,324 ft3

days

0 ft2

CO2

Outfall

De-Chlorination

Concentrate Disposal

Cost reports for water treatment processes

De-Chlorination

Production Capacity
Average Daily Flow (for O&M)

Disinfection

Cost Parameter

Units
mg/L

Alternative Units

$
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L

Chloramines
Residual:
Calculated Chlorine Dose:
Calculated Ammonia Dose:
Alternative Chlorine Dose
Alternative Ammonia Dose

3
4.1
1.0
6.0
2.0

mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L

Ozone
Dose Rate (~5mg/L):
Contact Time (~2 min):

1.0
2.0

mg/L
min

2.5
%

mg/L
mg/L
mg/L

Operating Cost

$/m3

371,544

#VALUE!

$/kgal

0.98

#VALUE!

2,927,245

7.73

$/yr

3.72

$/m3

$/kgal

77,792

0.00

0.00

#VALUE! $

57,885

0.00

0.00

29.28

233,064

0.00

0.01

Acidification
Feed LSI (for TDS>5000)

-1.77

Conc LSI

0.62

Calc Dose 96% H2SO4 (mg/L)


Alternative:

99.0
7

Conc LSI
mg/L

0.32

w/Acid

#VALUE!

#VALUE!

#VALUE! $

151,276

0.00

0.00

Calc Dose 37% HCl (mg/L)


Alternative:

73.4

Conc LSI
mg/L

-1.43

w/Acid

#VALUE!

#VALUE!

#VALUE! $

2,708,709

0.02

0.07

328

mg/L
mg/L
kg/hr

Alum (dry feed)


Calculated Dose:
Alternative Dose:
Based on:

Chemical Feed Systems (Main Process)

m3/day
m3/year
kgal/day
kgal/year

2.5
2.5

Chlorine Dioxide
Residual;
Calculated Dose Rate:
Alternative Dose Rate:

Misc. Equipment

3,785
1,382,441
1,000
365,202

Construction Cost
Process
Alternative Dose
Chlorine
Residual;
Calculated Dose Rate:
Alternative Dose Rate:

Distrib.

Peak Daily Flow (for capital)

378,500
138,244,097
99,989
36,520,244

64

Alum (liquid feed)


Calculated:
Alternative:
Based on:

Dose Rate
655

Poly Aluminum Chloride


Calculated:
Alternative:
Based on:

Dose Rate
98

Ferric Sulfate
Calculated:
Alternative:
Based on:

Dose Rate
259

Ferric Chloride
Calculated Dose
Alternative Dose
Based on:

128

16

1212

266

mg/L

1245

kg/day

Dose Rate
Y
6
0

AntiScalant
Suggested:
Alternative:
Based on:
Cost of Chemical

Dose Rate
0.5

Polyelectrolyte
Suggested:
Alternative:
Based on:
Cost of Chemical

Dose Rate
0.5

Potassium Permanganate
Calculated:
Alternative:
Based on:

Dose Rate
0
2
891

Clearwell
Below Ground Capacity:
Ground Level Capacity:
Daily Production:

mg/L
mg/L
kg/hr

mg/L
mg/L
kg/day

Lime & Soda Ash


Leave out Soda Ash "Y" or "N"?
Calculated Lime:
Calculated Soda Ash:
Alternative Lime
Alternative Soda Ash:
Based on Lime dose:
Based on Soda Ash:

Pumps
Single Stage Tubine
Variable Speed Turbine
Centrifugal, Singe Stage
Number of pumps:
Height differential:
Discharge pressure:
Full flow rate:
Basis flow rate
Pump Efficiency:
Pipe Diameter:
Motor Efficiency:
HP
Power consumption:

mg/L
mg/L
kg/hr

118
0

222.6
990

222.6
990

1
1
1750
5.154
5.154
75
0.1
87

mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
kg/hr
kg/hr

mg/L
mg/L
kg/day
$/500 lb

mg/L
mg/L
kg/day
$/500 lb

mg/L
mg/L
kg/day

pump(s)
m
kPa
m3/s
m3/s
%
m
%

141

282

36

118,587

0.31

1.19

198,162

0.00

0.01

163,393

0.43

1.63

371,823

0.00

0.01

74,547

0.20

0.75

260,653

0.00

0.01

445,537

1.18

4.46

140,350

0.00

0.00

455,307

1.20

4.55

780,776

0.01

0.02

240,456

0.64

2.40

106,016

0.00

0.00

164,315

0.43

1.64

182,717

0.00

0.01

164,315

0.43

1.64

182,717

0.00

0.01

94,662

0.25

0.95

1,309,257

0.01

0.04

$
$
$

9,003,237
4,748,362
1,728,164

$
$
$

23.79
12.55
4.57

$
$
$

90.04
47.49
17.28

22,789,633

0.16

0.62

lb/hr

lb/hr

lb/hr

2667

lb/day

5 - 150
2740

lb/day

259 lb/hr
0 lb/hr

490

490

1959

3.3
254
81699
81699

lb/day

lb/day

lb/day

ft
psi
gal/min
gal/min

Operating Cost Depend on Number and Horsepower only.

3.94 in

111482
128140 kWhr

60,000
55,000

m3
m3
3,785 m3

15852
14531
1000

kgal
kgal
kgal

$
$

8,118,781
4,317,924

$
$

21.45
11.41

$
$

81.20
43.18

{d}Cost Index

Project Name

Model Development

Date

06/07/04

Cost Indices Data


Date of Cost Indices Values

Month
November

Year
2006
Desalination Costs

Cost Indices Categories:


ENR Construction Cost Index
Construction Cost
Wage ($/hr)
ENR Building Cost Index
Building Cost
Skilled Labor
ENR Materials Cost Index
Materials
Materials
Cement ($/ton)
Steel ($/CWT)
Other
Electricity Cost ($/kWHr) 3
Rates and Lifecycles
Interest Rate (%)
Amortization time (yr)
Water Rate ($/kgal)

November 2006

Used For

Ratio for October 1978


(1913 basis)

Ratio for 1995 (1913


basis)

7910.81 Manufactured & Electrical Equipment


29.05 Labor (for operating the plant - approximation)

2.78
2.81

1.46
0.91

4462.38 Housing
7449.82 Excavation and Sitework, Labor

2.59
3.02

1.44
1.30

2637.27
2637.27
94.42
40.40

2.08
2.08
1.96
2.57

1.19
1.19
1.17
1.43

2.33

1.00

Piping & Valves


Maintanace Materials
Concrete
Steel

0.0700 Power

6.00 On Construction & Bond Money


30.00 For Bond Period
0.00 Cost of Feed Source Water

Notes

References
ENR - Engineering News Record Construction Cost Index published monthly by McGraw Hill in New York City (212-512-2000)
See http://www.enr.com
http://www.enr.com/features/conEco/costIndexes/mostRecentIndexes.asp
2 EPA-600/2-79-162 "Estimating Water Treatment Costs"
3 DOE - Department of Energy "Electric Power Monthly"
Source of DOE data: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-826, "Monthly Electric Sales and Revenue Report with State Distributions Report."
http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/electricity/epm/table5_6_a.html
http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/electricity/epm/epm_sum.html

Water Treatment Cost Estimation Program

{e}H20 Analysis

Feed Water Analysis


Last check for accuracy of the MCL values

Component

1/1/2000

Units

Secondary Eff

Aluminum
Antimony
Arsenic
Barium
Beryllium
Boron
Cadmium
Calcium
Chromium, total
Copper
Iron
Lead
Magnesium
Manganese
Mercury
Nickel
Potassium
Selenium
Silver
Sodium
Strontium
Zinc
Alkalinity-Bicarbonate
Alkalinity-Carbonate
Carbon Dioxide (aq)
Chloride
Cyanide, free
Fluoride
Nitrate (as N)
o-Phosphate
Sulfate
Silica
pH
pOH
Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)
Total Suspended Solids (TSS)
Conductivity
Temperature

Water Treatment Cost Estimation Program

2.1000

40.0000

140.0000

180.00
0.75
7.91
150.00

7.60
7.54
6.46
500
22.00
23.00
11.75

mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
pH
pOH
mg/L
mg/L
uS/cm
C

Implement eH-pH diagrams to automatically change valence with pH


Amount
MCL (mg/L)
Over MCL
0.05
0.006
0.010
2
0.004
0.5
0.005
--0.1
1
0.3
0.015
--0.05
0.002
----0.05
0.1
----5
------250
0.2
4
10
--250
6.5-8.5

Valence
Charges
3
3
3
2
2

Molecular
Wt.
26.98
121.75
74.92
137.34
9.01

2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
4
1
1
2
2
-1
-2
0
-1

112.41
40.08
52
63.54
55.85
207.19
24.31
54.94
200.59
58.71
39.1
78.96
107.87
22.99
87.62
65.37
61
60
44
35.45

-1
-1
-3
-2

19
14
94
96

1
-1

1
1

Equivalent
Weight

Moles/
Liter

Equiv./
Liter

Ionic
Strength

mg/L as
CaCO3

20.04

5.24E-5

1.05E-4

2.10E-4

5.24

39.10

1.02E-3

1.02E-3

1.02E-3

102.30

22.99

6.09E-3

6.09E-3

6.09E-3

608.96

61.00
30.00

2.95E-3
2.50E-5

2.95E-3
5.00E-5

35.45

2.95E-3
1.25E-5
1.80E-4
4.23E-3

4.23E-3

4.23E-3

295.08
1.25
17.98
423.13

1.00
1.00

2.88E-8
3.47E-7

2.88E-11
3.47E-10

2.88E-8
3.47E-7

0.00
0.03

500
-------

Page 20

{f}RO&NF Input

Project Name

Model Development

Date

Stage

06/07/04

A1

RO & NF INPUT

95.9

574 35.0853658537

7570
Process Input

Construction Cost Input

Operations & Maintenance Cost Input

Applicable Range
Lower Limit
Flow & Water Quality
Primary Treatment Product Flow
Plant Production Flow
Feed TDS
Production TDS (target)
Percent of Mono-valent ions
Percent of Multi-valent ions
Average Molecular Weight
Allow Blending
Recovery Rate
Product TDS
Product Flow
NF/RO Feed Flow
Concentrate TDS
Concentrate Flow
Bypass flow for blending
% blending
Membrane Manufacturer Specifications
Membrane Manufacturer
Model #
Membrane Diameter
Productivity
Area per module
Operating pressure, Papp
Test solution TDS
Avg. MW of TDS,
Chloride Rejection
Sulfate Rejection
Recovery Rate
Temperature
NaCl dissociation constant
Cf, conc. of salt in feed water
Cp, conc. of salt in product water
Cr, conc. of salt in reject
Cm, bulk conc.
Osmotic pressure
Net driving pressure, NDP o
A, water transport coefficient
Operating pressure
Net driving pressure , NDPi
Cf, conc. of salt in feed water
Cp, conc. of salt in product water
Cr, conc. of salt in reject
Cm, conc. of
Temperature
Temperature Coefficient =1.023^(-25+T)
Osmotic pressure, P osm
Applied pressure, Papp

4795.5 L/s
4380.8 L/s
500
50
1.00
0.00
35.82
Y
0.85
3
3966.0
4665.9
3317

76019 gpm
69444 gpm

mg/L
mg/L
Decimal
Decimal
g/mol
Yes (Y) or No (N)
Decimal
mg/L
L/s
L/s
mg/L

699.9 L/s
414.75 L/s
9.5 %

11095 gpm
6575 gpm

FilmTec
BW30-400
20.32 (10.16 or 20.32 cm)
23 m3/day
37 m2
1550 kPa
1500 mg/L
58 mg/mmole NaCl
99.5 %
99.8 %
10 %
25 oC
0.99
26 mole/m

62870 gpm
73964 gpm

8.0 in
6.1 kgal/day
398 ft2
225 psi

0.995 decimal
0.998 decimal
77 oF

0.13 mole/m 3
29 mole/m3

1404 kpa

21 psi
203.753 psi

4.64E-12 m3m -2Pa-1sec-1


1404 kPa
14 mole/m3

Lower Limit
Membrane & Unit Configuration
Membrane Capacity
Bypass
Total Capacity

342,666 m3/day
35,834 m3/day
378,500 m3/day

Element Productivity
Flux
Number of Elements
Number of elements per vessel
Number of Elements
Number of Pressure Vessels
Max Vessels per Skid
Number of Skids (manual input)
Number of Skids (automatic calc)
Recovery Rate
Building Area
Administrative Area
Odor Control?
Emergency Generatore Size
High Pressure Feed Pump
Pump Style
Height DIfference
Motor Efficiency
Pump Efficiency
Coupling Efficiency

17
0.46
20,137.0
7
20139
2877
60

m3 /day
m3/(m 2 * day)
elements
elements / vessel
elements
for 2:1 array
vessels / skid
skids
48 skids
0.85 Decimal
10934 m2

N
Y
PD

Pipe X-Sectional Area


Size
Energy Recovery for Seawater
Efficiency
Efficiency
Transfer Pumps (to HPP)

Y
css

53 mole/m 3
12 oC
0.740
138 kpa

20 psi

1542 kPa

224 psi

0.75
1.00

117692 ft2
1076 ft2

Interest Rate

0.14 $/kg
23.7
18
3
0.996
0.996
0.996
23
6
30
29.05
30

$/kg
$/kg 50%
Years
Test Solution
Site Concentrate
m3/module
per Year
$/hr
Years

6 %

Some Example Membrane Specifications


Date last checked:
Type
Membrane Manufacturer
FilmTec
Model #
BW30-400
Membrane Diameter (cm)
Productivity (m3/day)
Area per module (m2)
Operating pressure, Papp (kPa)
Test solution TDS

20.32
40
37
1550
2000

20.32
23
27.7
5500
35000

20.32
41.6
37.2
1550
1500

Avg. MW of TDS,
Chloride Rejection
Sulfate Rejection
Recovery Rate
Temperature (oC)

58.44
99.5
99.8
15
25

58.44
99.1
99.8
10
25

58.4
99
99.8
15
25

310 kPa
0.258 m3/s
0.103 m2
163 hp
Y
CSS

Sufuric acid
224 psi
3890 gpm

Sodium Hydroxide
Antiscalant
Disinfectant
H2 PO4
HCl 37%

6.56 ft

45.0 psi
4085.0 gpm
1.11 ft2

Yes (Y) or No (N)


VST or CSS

Height DIfference
Length of Pipe
Motor Efficiency

2 m
10 m
0.94

Pump Efficiency

0.75
1.00
20
310 kPa
0.219 m3/s
0.088 m2
139 hp

Hydranautics
8040LHYCPA2

FilmTec
SW30-8040

9/24/2004
9/24/2004
NF
NF
Koch/Fluid Systems
Koch/Fluid Systems
Koch/Fluid Systems
DuPont
FS8822HR400 Prem
TFC-S4 (4920 S)
TFC-SR2 8" (8723 SR2-400)
6880T B-10 Twin
20.32
10.16
20.32
32.2
7.6
45.4
30.7
7.2
37.2
1550
552
380
2000
850
2000
58.4
99.7
99.9
10
25

13.12 ft

20

Pipe X-Sectional Area


Size

Coupling Efficiency
Number Pumps
Pressure Differential
Capacity per Pump
Pipe X-Sectional Area
Size

NaOH
Membrane Life
Ave Intrinsic Rejection
Ave Observed Rejection
Apparent Rejection
Productivity
Cleaning Rate
Staff Days/day
Labor Rate
Lifetime

0.07 $/kWh

VST or CSS

2 m
0.94

Pump Efficiency
Coupling Efficiency

Product Water Pump


Pump Style

Electricity Rate
Chemical Costs
Citric Acid
H2 PO4

4,496 gpd
11.29 gfd

0.098 m2
152.2 in2
528.3 hp
Yes (Y) or No (N)
error
error
0.60
0.00 This number is the efficiency of the energy recovery device - it reduces the size of the High Pressure pump
Yes (Y) or No (N)

Height DIfference
Motor Efficiency

Number Transfer Pumps

Upper Limit

90,532,544 gpd
9,467,456 gpd
100,000,000 gpd

*PD, VST or CSS

21
1542 kPa
0.245 m3/s

Pressure Differential
Capacity per Pump
203.753 psi

0.062 mole/m 3
93 mole/m3

100 m2
Yes (Y) or No (N)
0.7 MW
Yes (Y) or No (N)
4 m
0.95
0.90
1.00

Number of Pumps
Differential Pressure
Capacity per pump

Pump Style

27 mole/m 3
146 kpa

Applicable Range

Upper Limit

350

350

6.56 ft
32.81 ft

45.0 psi
3472.2 gpm
0.29 ft

Water Treatment Cost Estimation Program

Densities
1.84

g/mL

2.13
1.3
1

g/mL
g/mL
g/mL

1.7

g/mL

Cost
0.11

$/kg

0.14

$/kg

58.4
85
98.5
15
25

58.4
20
97
15
25

20.32
60.5
1810
6890
35000
58.44
99.1
99.8
35
25

Rowpu SW30M-6040
8040 HSY SWC
Rowpu SW30M-6040
8040 HSY SWC
15.24
20.2
8
23.5
4389.0
29.26
5500
5500
19000
32000
58.44
99
99
8
25

58.44
99.2
99.8
10
25

NF 90

BW30

90
95

8" size

99
99.5

8" size

{g}RO&NF Output

Project Name

Model Development

Date

Stage

06/07/04

A1

RO & NF OUTPUT
Estimating Construction Costs for NF90 Membrane Treatment Plant

Estimating O&M Costs

Membranes
RO Skids
Building
Electrical
Insturmentation & Controls

$
$
$
$
$

10,069,500
20,542,736
17,124,107
5,634,062
4,843,764

Steel
Housing
Manf & Elect
Manf & Elect

High Pressure Pumps


Energy Recovery for Seawater
Transfer Pumps
Product Water Pumps

$
$
$
$

3,955,456
1,518,818
1,212,889

Piping
Manf & Elect
Piping
Piping

Odor Control
Process Piping
Yard Piping
Cartridge Filters
Membrane Cleaning Equip
Contractor Engineering & Training
Concentrate Treatment & Piping
Generators

$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$

76,888
67,117
20,465
97,574
91,266
806,912
73,271

Sitework
Total Direct Capital Costs

$
$

7,144,179 Electrical
73,279,004

Indirect Capital Costs


Interest During Construction
Contingencies
A&E Fees, Proj. Management
Working Capital
Total Indirect Captial Cost

$
$
$
$
$

3,663,950
4,379,095
8,756,841
2,931,160
19,731,046

Total Construction Cost

93,010,050

Cost per m3/day capacity


Cost per gpd capacity

$
$

246
0.93

@
@
@
With Base of

$
$
$
$
add $300,000 for top of the $

500
5,000
1,076
977
65,000

$/module
$/Vessel
$/m2
$/m3

$100/ft2
base cost

68,878,199 kWhr
20,243,395 kWhr
17,206,886 kWhr

Piping
Piping
Piping
Maint Materials
Manf & Elect
Labor
Piping
Electrical

$
$
$
$
$
$
$

50,000
55,000
50,000
15,000
67,000
100,000
13 $/m3
0.7 MW

14.53 $/m3

5
6
12
4
27

% of Total
% of Total
% of Total
% of Total

References
Based on "Estimating the Cost of Membrane (RO or NF) Water Treatment Plants" By William B. Suratt, P.E., Camp Dresser & McKee Inc. Vero Beach Florida
Presented at the AWWA Membrane Technology Conference, Reno, NV, 1995. also published as "Estimating the cost of membrane water treatment plants."

Water Treatment Cost Estimation Program

base cost
base cost
base cost
base cost
From Reference
base cost
Concentrate
RO & Building

Electricity
Labor
Membrane Replacement
Cleaning Chemicals
Cartridge Filters
Repairs and Replacement
Insurance
Lab fees
Total O&M Cost

$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$

7,442,994
2,544,780
3,988,841
261,376
1,695,709
435,421
174,169
547,612
17,090,902

Capital Recovery
O&M

$
$

6,757,079
17,090,902

Annual cost
$/m3 Product
$/1000 gal Product
$/acre foot Product

$
$
$
$

23,847,981
0.18
0.69
224.12

Total Costs

Project Name

Model Development

Date

Stage

06/07/04

A1

Recarbonation Basins

Cost Category (ft3)


Cost Category (m3)
Excavation & Sitework
Concrete
Steel
Labor
Pipe & Valves
Subtotal
Miscellaneous & contingency
Total

Not currently being used

770
22
520
1,380
2,250
2,830
90
7,070
1,060
8,130

$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$

Excavation & Sitework


Concrete
Steel
Labor
Pipe & Valves
Subtotal
Miscellaneous & contingency
Total

$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$

1375
39
620
1,860
3,010
3,800
130
9,420
1,410
10,830

0.07
0.20
0.32
0.40
0.01
1.00
0.15
1.15

$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$

0.07
0.20
0.32
0.40
0.01
1.00
0.15
1.15

Single Basin Volume


2750
5630
78
159
980 $
1,390
2,820 $
4,050
4,670 $
6,560
5,730 $
8,090
250 $
480
14,450 $ 20,570
2,170 $
3,090
16,620 $ 23,660
Percent of Subtotal
0.07
0.07
0.20
0.20
0.32
0.32
0.40
0.39
0.02
0.02
1.00
1.00
0.15
0.15
1.15
1.15

Construction Cost of Recarbonation Basins 1979 $


$100,000

f(x) = - 0.0077257513x^2 + 90.9694779795x + 7900.1537644409


R = 0.9981354063

1979 $

$80,000
$60,000

Total
Polynomial ( Tot

$40,000
$20,000
$0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

Volume - Cubic Meters

Construction Cost for Liquid CO2 as CO2 Source


Cost Category (Installed - lb/day)

380

750

1500

3750

Cost Category (Installed - kg/day)


Manufactured Equipment
Labor
Pipe & Valves
Housing
Subtotal
Micsellaneous & Contingency
Total

173
27,000
7,650
1,530
7,360
43,540
6,530
50,070

$
$
$
$
$
$
$

Manufactured Equipment
Labor
Pipe & Valves
Housing
Subtotal
Micsellaneous & Contingency
Total

$
$
$
$
$
$

341
31,000
8,780
2,340
###
49,480
7,420
56,900

$
$
$
$
$
$
$

682
35,250
12,170
4,620
7,360
59,400
8,910
68,310

$
$
$
$
$
$
$

1705
49,250
17,330
8,710
7,360
82,650
12,400
95,050

0.62
0.18
0.04
0.17

0.63
0.18
0.05
0.15

Percent of Subtotal
0.59
0.60
0.20
0.21
0.08
0.11
0.12
0.09

0.15
1.15

0.15
1.15

0.15
1.15

0.15
1.15

Construction Cost 1978$

Construction Cost of Recarbonation - Liquid CO2 as a CO2 source


$300,000
$250,000
$200,000
$150,000
$100,000
$50,000
$-

f(x) = 55052.7549730458 exp( 0.0002523941 x )


R = 0.972736168

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

Installed Capacity (kg/day)

O&M Summary for Recarbonation - Liquid CO2 as CO2 source


Cost Category (Installed - lb/day)
Cost Category (Installed - kg/day)
Energy kWhr/yr * $/kWhr
Maintenance Material $/yr
Labor Hr/yr * $/Hr
Total Cost

$
$
$
$

380
173
520 $
2,860 $
910
4,290 $

$/kWhr
$/hr Labor

0.03
10

Energy kWhr/yr * $/kWhr


Maintenance Material $/yr
Labor Hr/yr * $/Hr
Total Cost

0.12
0.67
0.21
1

750
341
728
3,300
###
4,938

0.15
0.67
0.18
1

$
$
$
$

1500
682
1,147
4,400
910
6,457

0.18
0.68
0.14
1

$
$
$
$

3750
1705
2,290
5,500
1,820
9,610

0.24
0.57
0.19
1

Construction Cost 1979$

Operation & Maintenance of Recarbonation - Liquid CO2 as a CO2 source


$25,000
$20,000

f(x) = - 0.0001369974x^2 + 3.4807626568x + 3878.7452482663


R = 0.9990603788

$15,000
$10,000
$5,000
$0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

Installed Capacity (kg/day)

assuming from qasim

6000

7000

8000

Basin Volume

$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$

8800
249
1,790
5,190
8,320
10,240
680
26,220
3,930
30,150

$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$

17600
498
3,050
8,570
13,960
16,740
1,360
43,680
6,550
50,230

$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$

35200
997
5,570
15,320
25,240
29,730
3,360
79,220
11,880
91,100

nt of Subtotal
0.07
0.20
0.32
0.39
0.03
1.00
0.15
1.15

0.07
0.20
0.32
0.38
0.03
1.00
0.15
1.15

9$

Total
Polynomial ( Total)

3000

7500

15000

0.07
0.19
0.32
0.38
0.04
1.00
0.15
1.15

Average
0.07
0.20
0.32
0.39
0.02
0.15

ENR Skilled Labor Index


ENR Cement Cost ($/ton)
ENR Steel Cost ($/cwt)
ENR Labor Rate ($/hr)
ENR Materials Index

$
$
$
$
$
$
$

3409
73,000
28,990
16,940
8,450
127,380
19,110
146,490

$
$
$
$
$
$
$

6818
141,000
58,010
37,540
8,900
245,450
36,820
282,270

nt of Subtotal

7000

0.57
0.23
0.13
0.07

0.57
0.24
0.15
0.04

Average
0.60
0.21
0.09
0.11

0.15
1.15

0.15
1.15

0.15
1.15

7500
3409
4,428
7,700
1,820
13,948

15000
6818
8,549
10,000
2,730
21,279

ENR Construction Cost Index


ENR Labor Rate ($/hr)
ENR Materials Index
ENR Building Cost Index

8000

$
$
$
$

0.32
0.55
0.13
1

$
$
$
$

0.40
0.47
0.13
1

Average
0.23 Electricity Cost ($/kWhr)
0.60 ENR Materials Index
0.16 ENR Labor Rate ($/hr)
1.00

O2 as a CO2 source

3878.7452482663

00

6000

7000

8000

{i}Acid

Acid: Sulfuric & Hydrochloric Acid


This estimates the amount of acid addition which is depenedent on NF/RO feed flow rate.
96% H2SO4

Capital Calculations
NF/RO Feed flow (peak day flow w/ OTF)
Dose by mass
Density
Percent solution
Dose by volume

(433.69)
(37.47)
7.00
1.841
0.96
0.0040

Dose Rate by volume

(0.1484)

1978 Capital Cost:


Manufactured & Electrical Equipment
Housing
Excavation, Site Work & Labor
Piping and Valves
Steel
Concrete
November, 2006 Capital Cost $:

O&M Calculations
NF/RO Feed flow (average daily flow)

96% H2SO4

Dose by mass
Density
Percent solution
Dose by volume
Dose Rate by volume
Acid Cost ($/ton):

37% HCL
-433.69
(37.47)
73.40
1.600
0.37
0.1240

O&M Cost:

Applicable Range
Lower Limit
Upper Limit

(4.6461) m3/day
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!

0.7
0.07
0.16
0.07
0
0
1.00

4,665.93
403.14
7.00
1.841
0.96
0.0040
1.5967
124

L/sec.
m3/day
mg/L
g/L
decimal
mL/L

37% HCL
4665.93
403.14
73.40
1.600
0.37
0.1240
49.9858
72

0.04
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!

L/sec.
m3/day
mg/L
g/L
decimal
mL/L
m3/day

1,630

0.04 $
0.05 $
0.91 $
$
1.00 $

136
190
4,173
146,778
151,276

$
$
$
$
$

14,741 1978 Costs

%
Materials
Energy
Labor
Chemical Cost $/yr:
November, 2006 O&M $:

Sulfuric Acid feed


Capital Cost
General Form: (A)*(XB) + C
A=

1,227
1,720
37,723
2,668,039
2,708,709

Today's
Costs

6010.6

Water Treatment Cost Estimation Program

20 Limits (From EPA-600/2-79-162b, figure 30-32)

{j}IronCoag

Capital Calculations
NF/RO Feed flow (peak day flow w/ OTF)

Fe2(SO4)3-7H2O

FeCl3 6H20

54
4687307
526.0
180
2.95
0.0
258.6
1,212.2
$150

Molecular weight
Bicarbonate Alkalinity:
Alternative dose
Calculated dose
Basis dose rate
Chemical Cost $/ton bulk

54
4687307
270.2
180
2.95
0.0
265.7
1,245.4
$1,420
Fe2(SO4)3-7H2O

Capital Cost:

164,585

$
$
$
$
$
$
$

328,850
89,611
9,948
17,128
445,537

24,704

0.07 $
0.09 $
0.84 $
$
1.00 $

3,599
5,188
58,357
73,206
140,350

%
Manufactured & Electrical Equipment
Housing
Excavation, Site Work & Labor
Piping and Valves
Steel
Concrete
November, 2006 Capital Cost $:

0.72
0.21
0.02
0.05
0
0
1.000

O&M Cost:
%
Materials
Energy
Labor
Ferric Sulfate Cost $/yr:
November, 2006 Operation & Maintenance $:

Ferric Sulfate Feed


Capital Cost
General Form: A*X^B*e^(C*X)
A=
B=
C=
O&M Cost
General Form: A*e^(B*X)+C
A=
B=

10613
0.319
0.000393

1260926
0.00001394

Water Treatment Cost Estimation Program

{j}IronCoag

Units
L/sec.
L/day
g/mol
mg/L
mmoles/L
mg/L
mg/L
kg/day

FeCl3 6H20
$

168,194 1978 Costs

$
$
$
$
$
$
$

336,061
91,576
10,166
17,503
455,307

$
$
$
$
$
$

Today's
Costs

25,298 1978 Costs


3,686
5,313
59,761
712,017
780,776

Today's
Costs

Water Treatment Cost Estimation Program

{k}Alum

Capital Calculations
Al2(SO4)3-18H2O
NF/RO Feed flow (peak day flow w/ OTF)
Molecular weight of Alum
Cost $/100 lbs.
Bicarbonate Alkalinity

54
195
666.41
15
180
2.95
0
0
0.492
328
64
64

Alternative dose
Alternative dose rate
Calculated Alum Dose Rate (6 mmol/mmol HCO3)
Calculated dose
Calculated dose rate
Basis dose rate
Capital Cost:

Units
L/sec
3
m /hr.
g/mol
per 100 lbs
mg/L
mmoles/L
mg/L
kg/hr
mmoles/L
mg/L
kg/hr.
kg/hr.
$

Lower Limit
4

48,335 1978 Costs

Upper Limit
2300 Limits (From EPA-600/2-79-162b, figure 16)

Construction Cost Equations (From EPA-600/2-79-162b, figure 16)

%
Manufactured & Electrical Equipment
Housing
Excavation, Site Work & Labor
Piping and Valves
Steel
Concrete
November, 2006 Capital Cost $:

0.46
0.03
0.04
0.47
0
0
1.00

O&M Cost:

$
$
$
$
$
$
$

61,701
3,760
5,843
47,283
118,587

Today's
Costs

4,723 1978 Costs

%
Materials
Energy
Labor
Alum Cost:
November, 2006 Operation & Maintenance $:

0.17 $
0.03 $
0.8 $
$
1.00 $

1,671
331
10,625
185,535
198,162

Applicable Range
Lower Limit
Upper Limit
4
2300 Limits (From EPA-600/2-79-162b, figure 16)

Today's
Costs

Coagulant: Aluminum Sulfate (Alum) (Liquid) Feed Cost Calculations


Capital Calculations
Units
Liquid Alum dose rate
Multiplier between dry and liquid
Alternative dose
Alternative dose rate
Basis dose rate

128
2
0
0
128

Capital Cost:

kg/hr.

O&M cost (From EPA-600/2-79-162b, figure 19,20)

mg/L
kg/hr.
kg/hr.
$

53,996 1978 Costs

%
Manufactured & Electrical Equipment
Housing
Excavation, Site Work & Labor
Piping and Valves
Steel
Concrete
November, 2006 Capital Cost $:

0.71
0.15
0.12
0.02
0
0
1.00

$
$
$
$
$
$
$

106,388
41,375
15,005
625
163,393

Applicable Range
Lower Limit
Upper Limit
4
2500
Construction Cost Equations (From EPA-600/2-79-162b, figure 16)

Today's
Costs

O&M Calculations
Units
Liquid Alum dose rate
Multiplier between dry and liquid
Alternative dose
Alternative dose rate

128 kg/hr.
2
0 mg/L
0 kg/hr.

Basis dose rate

128 kg/hr.

O&M Cost:

2,376 1978 Costs

O&M cost (From EPA-600/2-79-162b, figure 17,18)

%
Materials
Energy
Labor
Alum Cost:
November, 2006 Operation & Maintenance $:

0.04 $
0.59 $
0.37 $
$
1.00 $

198
272
283
371,069
371,823

Today's
Costs

Alum Feed
Capital Cost
General Form: A*X^(B)*e^(C*X)
A=
B=
C=

Dry Feed
12333.4
0.3205
0.000515

Liquid Feed
13223.3
0.285
0.000377

Dry Feed

Liquid Feed

O&M Cost
General Form: A*e^(B*X)+C

Water Treatment Cost Estimation Program

Applicable Range
Lower Limit
Upper Limit
4
2500

{k}Alum

Limits (From EPA-600/2-79-162b, figure 16)

Cost Equations (From EPA-600/2-79-162b, figure 16)

Limits (From EPA-600/2-79-162b, figure 16)

m EPA-600/2-79-162b, figure 19,20)

Cost Equations (From EPA-600/2-79-162b, figure 16)

m EPA-600/2-79-162b, figure 17,18)

Water Treatment Cost Estimation Program

{L}PACl

Capital Calculations
Al6(OH)12Cl6
Primary Treatment Feed flow (peak day flow w/ OTF)
MW of PACL
Cost $/100 lbs.:
Alternative dose rate

46
166
596.66
80
0
0
180
2.95
98
0.164
16
16

Bicarbonate Alkalinity:
PACl Dose Rate
PACl Dose Rate (18:1 HCO3:PACl)
Calculated dose rate
Basis dose rate
1978 Capital Cost:

Manufactured & Electrical Equipment


Housing
Excavation, Site Work & Labor
Piping and Valves
Steel
Concrete
November, 2006 Capital Cost $:

0.46
0.03
0.04
0.47
0
0
1.00

1978 O&M Cost:

Units
L/sec.
m3/hr.
g/mol
per 100 lbs.
mg/L
kg/hr
mg/L
mmoles/L
mg/L
mmoles/L
kg/hr.
kg/hr.
$

30,385 1978 Costs

$
$
$
$
$
$
$

38,787
2,363
3,673
29,723
74,547

$
0.17 $
0.03 $
0.8 $
$

1,275
252
8,107
251,020

November, 2006 Operation & Maintenance $:

1.00

260,653

Alum Feed
Capital Cost
General Form: A*X^(B)*e^(C*X)
Dry Feed
12333.4
0.3205
0.000515

Liquid Feed
13223.3
0.285
0.000377

A=
B=

Dry Feed
1205293
0.000019433

Liquid Feed
-6880.7
-0.000659

C=

-1202070

8700

O&M Cost
General Form: A*e^(B*X)+C

Water Treatment Cost Estimation Program

Today's
Costs

3,603 1978 Costs

Materials
Energy
Labor
Alum Cost:

A=
B=
C=

Applicable Range
Lower Limit
4

Today's
Costs

{L}PACl

Applicable Range
Upper Limit
2300

Water Treatment Cost Estimation Program

{m}De-Cl2
(not included here are: sodium thiosulfate, hydrogen peroxide, ammonia)
NaHSO3
Volume Treated ():

Na2SO3

SO2

445,294

Free Chlorine Level (mg/L)

0.5

0.5

0.5

1.47
0
654.6
0.0
300 $

0.9
0
400.8
0.0
300 $

Default Free Chlorine Level (mg/L)


Calculated dose rate (mg/L)
Alternative dose rate (mg/L)
Basis dose rate kg/day:
Water Usage (totally dissolved)
Cost $/ton:

0.9
0
400.8
0.0
300

Relationship between ORP & Dose, see Membrane Manual 29


1978 Capital Cost:
Manufactured & Electrical Equipment
Housing
Excavation, Site Work & Labor
Piping and Valves
Steel
Concrete
November, 2006 Capital Cost $:

1978 O&M Cost:


Materials
Energy
Labor
Chemical Cost $/yr:
November, 2006 Operation & Maintenance $:

0.72
0.19
0.04
0.01
0
0.04
1.00

$ 922,114
$ 1,842,438
$ 454,246
$ 111,474
$
19,192
$
$
72,149
$ 2,499,500

$
11,633
0.24 $ 460,617
0.1 $ 215,160
0.66 $ 1,711,491
$
75,072
1.00 $ 2,462,340

$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$

177,192
354,039
87,287
21,421
3,688
13,864
480,299

$
6,879
$
88,511
$
41,345
$ 328,877
$
45,963
$ 504,695

$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$

177,192
354,039
87,287
21,421
3,688
13,864
480,299

$
6,879
$
88,511
$
41,345
$ 328,877
$
45,963
$ 504,695

Polymer Feed - Yes I know - This is a place holder equiation. I need to find out how these chemical injection systems differ fro
Capital Cost
General Form: A*e^(B*X)+C
A=
11760.71
B=
0.00665
C=
8200
O&M Cost
General Form: A*e^(B*X)
A=
B=

3000.8
0.00207

Water Treatment Cost Estimation Program

{m}De-Cl2

Chemical options:
m3/day
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
kg/day

Applicable Range
Lower Limit
Upper Limit
0.5
100

$/ton

chemical injection systems differ from polymer.

Water Treatment Cost Estimation Program

{n}CL2

Units
Production Flow

Alternative Units

4,380.79 L/sec.

Chromium (Cr 2+):


Nickel (Ni 2+):
Iron (Fe 2+):
Manganese (Mn 2+):

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L

Total:
Desired Residual
Cl2 needed

2.50 mg/L
2.50 mg/L
0.00 mg/L
946.25 kg/day

Alternative Dose
Basis
Cl2 Cost

20 per ton, tanks

1978 Capital Cost:


Manufactured & Electrical Equipment
Housing
Excavation, Site Work & Labor
Piping and Valves
Steel
Concrete
November, 2006 Capital Cost $:

1978 O&M Cost:


Materials
Energy
Labor
Chemical Cost $/yr:
November, 2006 Operation & Maintenance $:

Chlorine storage and feed with Cylinder storage


Capital Cost
General Form: A*X^B + C
A=
B=
C=
O&M Cost
General Form: A*X^B+C
A=
B=
C=

$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$

137,974
199,102
135,936
25,019
11,487
371,544

$
0.18 $
0.18 $
0.64 $
$
1.00 $

27,196
10,189
11,422
48,947
7,234
77,792

0.52
0.38
0.06
0.04
0
0
1.00

680.75
0.763
11010

47.6
0.89
6000

Water Treatment Cost Estimation Program

0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
3.52E-02

mMoles/L
mMoles/L
mMoles/L
mMoles/L
mMoles/L
mMoles/L

3.52E-02

mMoles/L

NHCL
Data from water analysis.
Production Flow to be treated

Units
4380.79 L/sec.

Alternative Units

Chromium (Cr):
Copper (Cu):
Iron (Fe):
Manganese (Mn):

0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L

Desired NH2Cl Residual

3.00 mg/L

5.84E-2 mMoles/L

Cl2 needed/L:

4.14 mg/L
0.99 mg/L

5.84E-2 mMoles/L
5.84E-2 mMoles/L

Ammonia Needed/L:
Calculated Cl2 Dose

1568.49 kg/day

Alternative Cl2 Dose

2.15 kg/day

Basis Cl2 Dose

mMoles/L
mMoles/L
mMoles/L
mMoles/L

Calculated Aqua Ammonia


Alternative Aqua Ammonia
Basis Ammonia kg/day:
NH4OH Cost $/ton:

20
375.55
757.00
757.00
200

2 mg/L which translates to approximately .03 moles per liter at pH 7.


Applicable Range
Lower Limit
Upper Limit
4
Applicable Range

per ton
kg/day
kg/day
kg/day
per ton

1665.4 lbs/day

Lower Limit
Upper Limit
General Form: A*X^B + C
110
2300
Capital Cost
A= 42-44)
Limits (From EPA-600/2-79-162b, figure
B=
C=

#VALUE!
$57,885

1978 O&M Cost:


Materials
Energy
Labor
Chemical Cost $/yr:
November, 2006 Operation & Maintenance $:

680.75
0.763
11010

O&M Cost
A=
B=
C=

Chlorine Feed
1978 Capital Cost:
Manufactured & Electrical Equipment
Housing
Excavation, Site Work & Labor
Piping and Valves
Steel
Concrete
November, 2006 Capital Cost $:

4500

Chlorine
Limits (From EPA-600/2-79-162b, figure
1-3) storage and feed with Cylinder storage

2.15 kg/day

Cl2 Cost $/ton:

Total Capital Cost


Total O&M Cost

0.00E+0
0.00E+0
0.00E+0
0.00E+0

The addition of Chlorine and Ammonia to water produces chloramines.


Chloramines are the "combined chlorine residual." They are more persistent
in the water lines than "free chlorine," which is HOCl, and OCl-.
If there is sufficient ammonia in the water already, it doesn't need to be added,
of course. If not, chlorine and aqueous ammonia should be added at the molar
ratio of 1:1, Cl2:NH3(aq). We will use the moles of divalent metal ions
and NO2- to calculate a chlorine demand. The molar ratio is 1:2 Cl2 to divalent
cations, and 1:1 for Cl2:NO2-. The residual for Chloramines must be at least

47.6
0.89
6000

Source: Qasim, et al, Aug. 1992, AWWA


%
0.52
0.38
0.06
0.04
0
0
1.00

$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$

12,230
16,489
10,844
2,036
957
30,326

Anhydrous Ammonia Feed


same place and form.
X=kg/day ammonia feed capacity
Capital Cost:
A*X^B*e^(C*X)
A=
B=
C=

%
0.18 $
0.18 $
0.64 $
$
1.00 $

16
16

O&M Cost:
A*e^(B*X) +C
A=
B=
C=

Ammonia Feed
1978 Capital Cost:
Manufactured & Electrical Equipment
Housing
Excavation, Site Work & Labor
Piping and Valves
Steel
Concrete
November, 2006 Capital Cost $:

1978 O&M Cost:


Materials
Energy
Labor
Ammonia Cost:
November, 2006 Operation & Maintenance $:

0.66
0.09
0.15
0.1
0
0
1.00
$
0.4 $
0.06 $
0.54 $
$
1.00 $

#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
12,776
57,869
57,869

Water Treatment Cost Estimation Program

3849.2
mg/L
-0.000035

-28063
-2.41E-4
36160

{p} Ozone

Production Flow to be treated


Flow Rate:
Ozone level required (typically 1-5 mg/L)
Total ozone needed:
Contact time :
Contact chamber size:
Power (~26.5kWh per kg ozone):

4380.79
262847
1
378.50
2
525.7
22067

TOTAL CONSTRUCTION COSTS: $

2,927,245

TOTAL OPERATING COSTS: $

233,064

Units
L/s
L/min
mg/L
kg/day
min
m3

Alternative Units
69444 gpm
832.7 lbs/day
18565.4 ft3

kWh

Note: Ozone requirements (ozone demand) are based on water quality analysis outside of this program

Ozone Generator:

Contact Chamber:

Ozone Requirements:

378.50 kg/day

1978 Capital Cost:


Manufactured & Electrical Equipment
Housing
Excavation, Site Work & Labor
Piping and Valves
Steel
Concrete
November, 2006 Capital Cost $:

1978 O&M Cost:


Materials
Energy
Labor
November, 2006 Operation & Maintenance $:

Ozone Generation Costs


Construction Costs:
General Form: A *X ^B*e^(C*X)
A=
B=
C=
O & M Costs:
General Form: A*X^B+C
A=
B=
C=

Applicable Range
Lower Limit
Upper Limit
4
1800
Limits (From EPA-600/2-79-162b, figure 11-13)

0.81
0.03
0.16
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.00

$ 972,674
$2,186,391
$ 75,656
$ 470,344
$
$
$
$2,732,391

0.11
0.77
0.12
1.00

$ 98,627
$ 22,580
$ 177,200
$ 33,283
$ 233,064

1978 Capital Cost:


B) Manufactured Equipment
H) Housing
A) Excavation and Site Work
F) Piping and Valves
D) Steel
C) Concrete
Capital Cost:

Ozone Contact Chamber Costs


Construction Costs:
General Form: A *X ^B+C
A=
B=
C=

18631.2
0.674
-0.000121

%
0.00
0.00
0.50
0.00
0.31
0.19
1.00

1771.4
0.5967
1700

O&M Costs: NONE


392.4
0.919
6800

Source: Qasim, et al, Aug. 1992, AWWA

Source: Qasim, et al, Aug. 1992, AWWA

Water Treatment Cost Estimation Program

$ 72,735
$
$
$ 109,912
$
$ 57,911
$ 27,032
$ 194,855

{q}LimeFeed

Volume Treated

5154 L/sec.
Purity

FROM WATER ANALYSIS


Ca (2+):
Mg (2+):
HCO3 (-):
CO2 (2-):
Excess:
Total
volume treated:
Lime Dose:
Lime Cost $/ton:
Soda Ash Cost $/ton:
Alternative dosage rate Lime
Alternative dosage rate Soda

Units
2.1
0.0
180.0
0.8

mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L

Alternative Units
0.1 mmoles/L
0.0 mmoles/L
3.0 mmoles/L
0.0 mmoles/L

Lime
Requirement
0.9

0.0
0.0
0.72
5.0
6.4

mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L

18554 m3/hr.
118 mg/L
$
$

60
160
0.0
0.0

Basis Lime:
Basis Soda:

mg/L
per ton
kg/hr.
kg/hr.

117.8 kg/hr
0.0 kg/hr

1978 Capital Cost:


Manufactured & Electrical Equipment
Housing
Excavation, Site Work & Labor
Piping and Valves
Steel
Concrete
November, 2006 Capital Cost $:

1978 O&M Cost:


Materials
Energy
Labor
Lime Cost:
November, 2006 Operation & Maintenance $:

$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$

88,611
172,131
57,435
5,356
5,533
240,456

$
0.06 $
0.09 $
0.85 $
$
1.00 $

15,124
1,889
3,176
36,151
64,799
106,016

0.7
0.25
0.02
0.03
0
0
1.00

Applicable Range
Lower Limit
Upper Limit
4
4500 Limits (From EPA-600/2-79-162b, figure
4
4500

Updated from
EPA-600/2-79-162b, Aug. 1979

Water Treatment Cost Estimation Program

{q}LimeFeed

Mg
Soda Ash
Requirement
0.58

Ratio
Limit
eq
mg/L

Ca
1
0.00
0.00
0.0

Mg
0.0 mg/L

Ratio
eq
mg/L

0.0 mg/L

Ratio
eq
mg/L

Limits (From EPA-600/2-79-162b, figure 24-26)

1.80

100
0.09
100
11.4
19
8,493
18,684

Mg and Ca react with Alkalinity and Lime to precipitate CaCO3 and


3

0.00
0.0

0.00
0.0

0.00
0.0

HCO3+CO2
1
0.05
2.1

Ca
1
0.000
0.0

Ca(OH)2
4

Ca
1
0.00
0.0

Mg

0 mg/L

HCO3+CO2
1

2
5.94
362.1

Ca(OH)2

Remaining Mg or Ca react with remaining alkalinity

1
0.00
0.0

Na2CO3
Ca(OH)2
If Ca and/or Mg are in excess of Alkalinity, then add soda ash
1 1*mg+1*Ca
1*Mg
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.0
0.0
0.0

mol/m3
g/mol Calcium Carbonate
g CaCO3 /m3 treated
g sludge/m3 treated assuming 30% solids
kg sludge per day
lbs sludge per day

Water Treatment Cost Estimation Program

{q}LimeFeed

react with Alkalinity and Lime to precipitate CaCO3 and Mg(OH)2

Mg or Ca react with remaining alkalinity

Mg are in excess of Alkalinity, then add soda ash

Water Treatment Cost Estimation Program

{r}Antiscalent

Units
Volume Treated
Alternative dosage rate (default = 0.5 mg/L):
Basis Polymer Feed
American Water Chemicals $/500 lb.:

5,154
0
222.6
500

1978 Capital Cost:


Manufactured & Electrical Equipment
Housing
Excavation, Site Work & Labor
Piping and Valves
Steel
Concrete
November, 2006 Capital Cost $:

1978 O&M Cost:


Materials
Energy
Labor
AntiScalant Cost $/yr:
November, 2006 Operation & Maintenance $:

Polymer Feed
Capital Cost
General Form: A*e^(B*X)+C
A=
B=
C=

L/sec.
mg/L
kg/day
per 500 lbs.

$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$

59,895
126,323
29,505
7,241
1,247
164,315

$
0.1 $
0.24 $
0.66 $
$
1.00 $

4,758
990
2,664
8,830
170,232
182,717

0.76
0.19
0.04
0.01
0
0
1.00

11760.71
0.00665
8200

O&M Cost
General Form: A*e^(B*X)
A=
B=

3000.8
0.00207

Source: Qasim, et al, Aug. 1992, AWWA

Water Treatment Cost Estimation Program

Alternative Units
445,294

{s}PolyElectrolyte

Units
Volume Treated
Alternative dosage rate (default = 0.5 mg/L):
Basis Polymer Feed
American Water Chemicals $/500 lb.:

5154
0
222.6
500

1978 Capital Cost:


Manufactured & Electrical Equipment
Housing
Excavation, Site Work & Labor
Piping and Valves
Steel
Concrete
November, 2006 Capital Cost $:

1978 O&M Cost:


Materials
Energy
Labor
PolyElectrolyte Cost $/yr:
November, 2006 Operation & Maintenance $:

Polymer Feed
Capital Cost
General Form: A*e^(B*X)+C
A=
B=
C=
O&M Cost
General Form: A*e^(B*X)
A=
B=

L/sec.
mg/L
kg/day
per 500 lbs.

$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$

59,895
126,323
29,505
7,241
1,247
164,315

$
0.1 $
0.24 $
0.66 $
$
1.00 $

4,758
990
2,664
8,830
170,232
182,717

0.76
0.19
0.04
0.01
0
0
1.00

11760.71
0.00665
8200

3000.8
0.00207

Water Treatment Cost Estimation Program

Alternative Units
445,294

{t}KMnO4

Feed/Product Flow
Mn 2+
Fe 2+
Calculated KMnO4 Dose:
Alternative dosage rate
Basis KMnO4
KMnO4 $/lb (hopper trucks):

1978 Capital Cost:


Manufactured & Electrical Equipment
Housing
Excavation, Site Work & Labor
Piping and Valves
Steel
Concrete
November, 2006 Capital Cost $:

1978 O&M Cost:


Materials
Energy
Labor
KMnO4 Cost $/yr:
November, 2006 Operation & Maintenance $:

Permanganate Feed
Capital Cost
General Form: A*X^B*e^(C*X)
A=
B=
C=

5154
0.00
0.00
0.000
2
890.6
1.9

Units
L/sec.
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
kg/day
per lb.

0.66
0.19
0.05
0.1
0
0
1.00

$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$

35,277
64,612
17,378
5,331
7,342
94,662

$
5,600
0.03 $
350
0.05 $
653
0.92 $
14,488
$ 1,293,766
1.00 $ 1,309,257

9681.7
0.0304
0.00122

O&M Cost
General Form: A*e^(B*X)+C
A=
B=
C=

-2125.9
-0.01689
5600

Source: Qasim, et al, Aug. 1992, AWWA

Water Treatment Cost Estimation Program

Alternative Units
445,294 m3/day

{v}Clearwell

Construction cost for clear well storage


Below Ground (concrete)
Storage Capacity

1978 Capital Cost:


Manufactured & Electrical Equipment
Housing
Excavation, Site Work & Labor
Piping and Valves
Steel
Concrete
November, 2006 Capital Cost:
November, 2006 Unit Cost ($/kgal)

15852 kgal
60000 m3
%
0.02
0.13
0.3173
0
0.2753
0.25695
1.00
$512

$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$

3,169,927
175,936
1,068,429
3,039,822
2,241,342
1,593,252
8,118,781

Data from EPA-600/2-79-162b, August 1979, pg453-454. They are used in determining cost formula.

Water Treatment Cost Estimation Program

{v}Clearwell

Ground Level (steel)


Storage Capacity

1978 Capital Cost:


Manufactured & Electrical Equipment
Housing
Excavation, Site Work & Labor
Piping and Valves
Steel
Concrete
November, 2006 Capital Cost:
November, 2006 Unit Cost ($/kgal)

14531 kgal
55000 m3
%
0.6891
0.13
0.01
0.07066
0.044
0.0569
1.00
$297

$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$

1,628,817
3,114,799
548,995
49,227
239,546
184,068
181,289
4,317,924

Water Treatment Cost Estimation Program

{w}GravityFilt

Units
Desired Flow Rate
Temperature
Total Suspended Solids
Wash Cycle
TSS Density
Media Depth

5153.87
53.15
22.0
24
35
1.2

L/s
oF
mg/L
hr
g/L*
m

Maximum Media Capacity


Required Media Volume
Calculated Bed Area:
Alternative Bed Area:
Tank Depth
Backwash rate
Backwash duration
Backwash frequency
Loading Rate

110
2,544.54
2,120.45
0.00
1.56
13.93
6

L-TSS/m3*
m3
m2
m2
m

Alternative Units
81721 gpm

1.31 yd
3328.26
4156.08
0.00
1.7

yd3
yd2
yd2
yd

gpm/ft2
min.
times per day
2.2 gpm/sqft

Media Cost Delivered


$/yd3 Coal
$/yd3 Greensand

$
$
$

540
540
1,620

$
$
$

699 $/m3
699 $/m3
2,098 $/m3

$/yd3 Garnet

1,215

1,573 $/m3

$/yd3 Sand

TOTAL CONSTRUCTION COSTS:


Rapid Sand:
Coal/ Sand:
Coal/ Sand/ Garnet:
Sand/Greensand/Coal
TOTAL OPERATING COSTS:
Media costs assume equal parts of each type.

$
$
$
$
$
$

17,568,907
1,797,258
1,797,258
2,546,115
2,995,430
730,268

*Media capacity based on information in 'Water Treatment and Plant Design',


R.L. Sanks, Co: 1978, Ann Arbor Science Publishers, Inc.
Construction cost is 100% Manufactured Equipment
O&M costs are included with the structure.

Water Treatment Cost Estimation Program

{w}GravityFilt

Gravity Filter
Backwashing Pump
What is relationship of BW pump to filter area
for min and max calcs
Filter area (m2):

Gravity Filter Structure


Applicable Range
Lower Limit
Upper Limit
13
2600

Actual
2,120.45

Filter area (m2):


Limits (From EPA-600/2-79-162b, figure 67-69)

Applicable Range
18000
Lower Limit
Upper Limit
16000
13
2600
14000

Actual
2,120.45

f(x) = 53.377411897 x^0.7006642414


R = 0.9941239156

12000
1978 Capital Cost:
Manufactured & Electrical Equipment
Housing
Excavation, Site Work & Labor
Piping and Valves
Steel
Concrete
November, 2006 Capital Cost $:

1978 O&M Cost:


Materials
Energy
Labor
November, 2006 Operation & Maintenance $:

Backwash Pumping Costs


Construction Costs:
General Form: A + B*X + C*X^2
A=
B=
C=
O & M Costs:
General Form: A*X^B+C
A=
B=
C=
Source: Qasim, et al, Aug. 1992, AWWA

2,150,536

$
$
$
$
$
$
$

4,117,857
454,960
1,074,241
5,647,058

%
$
0.24 $
0.52 $
0.24 $
1.00 $

0.69
0
0.07
0.24
0
0
1.00

36000
1254.21
-0.1212

73.3
0.75
2200

1978 Capital Cost:


Manufactured & Electrical Equipment
Housing
Excavation, Site Work & Labor
Piping and Valves
Steel
Concrete
November, 2006 Capital Cost $:

25,105
12,540
30,460

1978 O&M Cost:


Materials
Energy

16,944
59,945

Labor
November, 2006 Operation & Maintenance $:

Gravity Filter Structure Costs


Construction Costs:
General Form: A *X^B*e^(CX)
A=
B=
C=
O & M Costs:
General Form: A*X^B+C
A=
B=
C=
Source: Qasim, et al, Aug. 1992, AWWA

Water Treatment Cost Estimation Program

4,625,190

10000

$
$
$
$
$
$
$

3,337,171
2,158,515
3,075,255
2,214,120
593,953
542,835
11,921,849

8000

$
0.12 $
0.36 $

262,655
65,601
220,630

0.52 $
1.00 $

384,092
670,324

0.26
0.18
0.22
0.23
0.05
0.06
1.00

35483.4
0.591
0.000162

359.5
0.8568
8100

6000
4000
2000
0
0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

{w}GravityFilt

18000
16000

50
100
f(x) = 53.377411897 x^0.7006642414
200
R = 0.9941239156
300

14000
12000
10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
0

500

1000

1500

400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
2000
1600
1800
2000
2300
2600

Column R
Power (Column R)

2500

3000

2800

Water Treatment Cost Estimation Program

{x}UFSCC

Upflow Solids Contact Clarifier (UFSCC)


Production Flow to be treated
Retention Time
Assumed Depth = 4.8 m
Calculated Settling Area
Alternative settling Area
Basis:

1978 Construction Cost


Manufactured & Electrical Equipment
Housing
Excavation, Site Work & Labor
Piping and Valves
Steel
Concrete
November, 2006 Capital Cost $:

4380.79
180
4.8
9856.8
0
9856.8

%
0.516
0
0.293
0
0.11
0.081

Units
L/sec
min.
m
m2
m2
m2

$ 2,921,679
$ 4,183,673
$
$ 2,587,194
$
$
825,425
$
462,918
$ 8,059,211

%
1978 O&M Cost:
Materials
Energy
Labor
November, 2006 Operation & Maintenance $:

Alternative Units
69444 gpm

$
0.17 $
0.23 $
0.6 $
$

G=70
58,325
20,637
31,301
98,413
150,352

G=110
$ 92,595
0.14 $ 26,981
0.38 $ 82,101
0.48 $ 124,989
$ 234,071

Construction Cost Equations (From EPA-600/2-79-162b, figure 63)


$ = a+b*x
<400 m2
>400 m2

a
62801.114
132264.71

b
416.77163
244.33215

O&M Cost (From EPA-600/2-79-162b figure 63 & 64)


$=a+b*x
G = 70
G = 110
G = 150

a
5967.9519
5806.5744
5939.8245

b
5.3118202
8.80491
12.384121

Water Treatment Cost Estimation Program

%
$
0.11 $
0.5 $
0.39 $
$

G=150
128,007
29,307
149,342
140,393
319,042

{y}IX

Ion Exchange
Regeneration/Backwashing Pump
Applicable Range
Lower Limit
Upper Limit

Actual
Production Flow to be treated
Equiv/L , CATION >+1
Equiv/L , ANION
Service Flow Rate :
Cation Equivalents/Liter of Resin
Anion Equivalents/Liter of Resin
Desired Run Cycle:
Medium:
Min Volume:
Time until exhaustion of min volume:
Resin for desired Run Cycle:
Resin Expansion Coefficient
Total Vessel Volume
Nominal Resin Price $/m3
Resin Cost:
Vessel:
Aspect ratio:
Bed area :
Base pressure vessel correlation:
Number of Vessels (Reality check)
(446 kPa/ 50 psig)
log($) = b + m*log(m^3)
Cost factor for operating pressure:
Tank cost at base pressure:

4380.79
1.05E-04
7.21E-03
20
20
11
1

Anion
788.5
788.5
397.6
3.2
788.54
788.54
2
2
1,577
1,577
$1,607
$6,250
1,267,299 $ 4,928,385

m3
days
m3
m3

Height is 31.8 m
b=
m=
$
$

3.446
0.562
2
174,786
349,572

Units
150 kg/m3
236,563 kg
$0.02 per kg
820,280

10 percent
2,366 m3
591,406

Chemical concentration:
Regeneration fluid req'd :

Units
Pumping
Height DIfference
Pipe Diameter
Length of Pipe
Efficiency
Number Transfer Pumps
Pressure Differential
Capacity per Pump
Size

49.61

1978 Capital Cost:


Manufactured & Electrical Equipment
Housing
Excavation, Site Work & Labor
Piping and Valves
Steel
Concrete
November, 2006 Capital Cost $:

1978 O&M Cost:


Materials
Energy
Labor
November, 2006 Operation & Maintenance $:

Total Construction Cost:


Manufactured & Electrical Equipment
Housing
Excavation, Site Work & Labor
Piping and Valves
Steel
Concrete
November, 2006 Capital Cost $:

1978 O&M Cost:


Materials
Energy
Labor
November, 2006 Operation & Maintenance $:

13

0.69
0.00
0.07
0.24
0.00
0.00
1.00

$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$

97,922
187,501
20,716
48,914
257,131

0.24
0.52
0.24
1.00

$
$
$
$
$

3,570
1,783
4,332
2,410
8,525

0.57
0.01
0.03
0.43
0.00
0.00
1.04

$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$

0.24
0.52
0.24
1.00

$
$
$
$
$

2600

4 height/dia
49.61 m2

Regeneration (with NaCl)


Mass of NaCl /vol of resin:
NaCl required:
Chemical cost per kg NaCl:

STORAGE TANK COST:

Filter area (m ):
Applicable Range
Lower Limit
Upper Limit
16
40

Cation

TOTAL TANK COST:

TOTAL CHEMICAL COST PER YEAR:

L/s
equiv/L
equiv/L
L/(hr*L resin)
equiv/L
equiv/L
days

32
0.51
10
78
1
200
5.154
6512.9

m
m
m

kPa
m3/s
hp

Alternative Units
9 lb/ft3
521,526 lb
$0.01 per lb.

625 kgal

Alternative Units

80,000 gallon
100,000 gallon

104.3 ft
1.7 ft
32.8 ft

29.0 psi
81,699 gpm

Water Treatment Cost Estimation Program

319,000.00
333,000.00

2,208,278 Resin w/ Tank & Regeneration Tank


1,845,612
31,839
86,053
1,118,253
3,081,756
820,280
233,956
426,546
179,673
840,175

{z}MF-P input
Process input
Design MF product flow rate
Design MF product flow rate
Design MF product flow rate
Design MF product flow rate
Design MF product flow rate
Plant availability (%)
Membrane Module equipment cost
Cost per membrane
modular system flow rate
Flow per module
No. membranes per module
Pump efficiency
Motor efficiency
Design feed pressure
Backflush pressure
Backwash Flow
Backwash intervals
Backwash and backflush duration

99,989,169
100.0
69437
4380
378,459

95
211,500
$650
675
7.5
90
80
93
30
29
600
15
0.1

Units
gpd
MGD
gpm
L/s
m3/day

Alternative Units

Alternative Units

Lower Limit

Upper Limit

0.01
378,459,004

L/day

%
90M10C
gpm
gpm
%
%
psi
psi
gpm
minutes
minutes

42.6 L/s

207
200
37.9
900
6

kpa
kpa
L/s
second
second

0.972 MGD

0.07
0.43
200
1.168
12
10
3

4380.3
4351.1
908.4
99.3
1519
9,429,856
62,866
103
9270
49995

576
0.0104 days
0.0001 days

Operations & Maintenance Cost Input


Electricity Rate
Sodium Hypochlorite Cost
Design dosage
Specific gravity (NaOCl)
Solution concentration
Membrane Life
Staff Days/day

Process Flow Calculation


Feed flow
Product flow
Backwash
Recovery rate
Feed pump horsepower
Feed pump (kwh)
Backflush (kwh)
Number of Modules
Number of Membranes
Building Area

$/kWh
$/L
mg/L
%
Years

Water Treatment Cost Estimation Program

Units
L/s
L/s
L/hr
%
hp
kwh
kwh

ft2

Alternative Units
69430 gpm
68966 gpm
4 gpm

4645 m2

O&M Cost Estimation


Direct Capital Costs
Membrane Modules
Membrane
Building
Installation
Miscellaneous
Plant interconnecting piping
Engineering
Total Direct Capital Costs

$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$

21,784,500
6,025,500
4,999,464
7,210,000
1,089,225
1,143,686
2,287,373
44,539,748

Indirect Capital Costs


Interest During Construction
Contingencies
A&E Fees, Proj. Management
Working Capital
Total Indirect Captial Cost

$
$
$
$
$

2,672,000
8,908,000
4,454,000
1,782,000
17,816,000

Total Construction Cost

62,355,748

@
@
@
@

211500
650
100
70000
5
5
10

6
20
10
4

$ each
$ each
$/ft2
1076 $/m2
$/90M10C
% of Module Cost
% of Module and misc.
% of Module and misc.

Electricity
Labor
Chemicals (Sodium Hypochlorite)
Membrane Replacement
Cleaning Chemicals(NaOCl)
Repairs and Replacement and Misc.
Total O & M Cost

% of Total direct
% of Total direct
% of Total direct
% of Total direct

Total costs

$
$
$
$
$
$
$

664,491
254,000
215,000
603,000
43,000
891,000
2,670,491

0.9961
0.996
273727704.xls

Pure water permeability (m 3/s)


Feed Flow (m3/s)
Transmembrane pressure (Pa)
Area (m2)
Channel height dh(m)
Cf (mol/m3)
Density (kg/m3)
Viscosity (Pa s)
a (Pa m3mol-1)
Diffusivity of NaCl (m2/s)

0.9959

2.66E-04
2.66E-03
1,550,000
37

3.97E+00
3.97E+01
1,404,096
551245

0.9958

1.00E-05

1.00E-05

0.9956

25.68
1000
0.001
4908
1.20E-09

13.96
1000
0.001
4908
1.20E-09

0.9957

0.9955
0.9954
0.9953
1

Calculated paramters determined by configuration and operating conditions


Jv (m/s) 1st pass
7.19E-06
7.19E-06

Pv/tm (m3m-2s-1Pa-1)

4.64E-12

5.12E-12

Average Uc (m/s)

1.44E+01
838
143
0.875
0.250
0.065
3.23E-03

1.44E+01
838
143
0.875
0.250
0.065
3.23E-03

A
A
A
B
B
B
A and B

Schmidt Number
Reynolds Number
a
b
c
k (m/s) for laminar flow in flat channel

Solving the design equations


Jv/k
Recovery
Intrinsic Rejection Ro
Appartent Rejection Ra

Ra Test

Iterations neccessary for model convergence (pp 9.13 item 8, reference A)


1
2
3
0.00
0.1000
0.996

0.00
0.0910
0.996

0.00
0.0911
0.996

0.00
0.0911
0.996

0.00
0.0911
0.996

0.00
0.0911
0.996

0.00
0.0911
0.996

0.00
0.0911
0.996

0.9955

0.9956

0.9956

0.9956

0.9956

0.9956

0.9956

0.9956

Cw (mol/L)

28.5895

2.83E+01

2.83E+01

2.83E+01

2.83E+01

2.83E+01

2.83E+01

2.83E+01

Cp (mol/L)

0.1144

1.13E-01

1.13E-01

1.13E-01

1.13E-01

1.13E-01

1.13E-01

1.13E-01

Cr (mol/L)
Jv Theoretical (m3m-2s)
Exp (Jv/k)

{bb}Rejection

28.5261

28.2444

28.2472

28.2472

28.2472

28.2472

28.2472

28.2472

6.55E-06

6.55E-06

6.55E-06

6.55E-06

6.55E-06

6.55E-06

6.55E-06

6.55E-06

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

Project Name

Model Development

Date

Stage

06/07/04

A1

This sheet originally from Ellen


Velocity

What is purpos
Show dp or dia
other

2.3 m/sec

Outfall Length (enter "m" or "ft.")

Used for predic

100 m

Concentrate Flow
Pipe Diameter
dP

0.70
0.62
0.37
99.9
900

Schedule 80 Pipe Cost

Total Pipe Cost

Two equations,
given to calcul
diameter size.

m3/sec
m
m
kPa
$/m

The other eqn


Hazen Williams

$90,025

Use this one.


Velocity

Length
2.3

Flow m /s Diameter (m) dP1 kPa


0.001
0.024
22.947
0.01
0.074
5.379
0.02
0.105
3.476
0.03
0.129
2.692
0.04
0.149
2.246
0.05
0.166
1.952
0.06
0.182
1.740
0.07
0.197
1.579
0.08
0.210
1.451
0.09
0.223
1.348
0.1
0.235
1.261
0.11
0.247
1.188
0.12
0.258
1.124
0.13
0.268
1.069
0.14
0.278
1.020
0.15
0.288
0.977
0.16
0.298
0.938
0.17
0.307
0.903
0.18
0.316
0.871
0.19
0.324
0.842
0.2
0.333
0.815
0.3
0.408
0.631
0.4
0.471
0.527
0.5
0.526
0.457
0.6
0.576
0.408
0.7
0.623
0.370
0.8
0.666
0.340
0.9
0.706
0.316
1
0.744
0.296
1.1
0.781
0.278
3

100

1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2

0.815
0.849
0.881
0.911
0.941
0.970
0.998
1.026
1.052

0.264
0.251
0.239
0.229
0.220
0.212
0.204
0.197
0.191

What is purpose of graph?


Show dp or diameter as a function of the
other
Used for predicting optimum pipe diameter.
Two equations, one simpler (Darcy-Wisebeck)
given to calculate dP, depending on pipe
diameter size.
The other eqn which is used to calculate dP is
Hazen Williams with HDPE pipe, Cf = 145

Pressure Drop vs Diameter - Two Versions


100.000
Eq III
Alt

dP (Kpa)

dP2 kPa
4.496
1.422
1.005
0.821
0.711
0.636
0.580
0.537
0.503
0.474
0.450
0.429
0.410
0.394
0.380
0.367
0.355
0.345
0.335
0.326
0.318
0.260
0.225
0.201
0.184
0.170
0.159
0.150
0.142
0.136

10.000

1.000

0.100
0.000

0.200

0.400

0.600

Diameter (m)

0.800

1.000

0.130
0.125
0.120
0.116
0.112
0.109
0.106
0.103
0.101

rsions

Eq III
Alt

0.800

1.000

Project Name

Model Development

Date

Stage

06/07/04

A1

Ionics Formulas for USBR Pricing of an EDR System


Last Revision Date

7/6/2000

TDS
Production Flow
Capital Cost
$
Total Power
Membrane Replacement
$
WATER RECOVERY
Staff days/day
All cost numbers are only within +,- 15%

1000 mg/l
105.25 mgd
35,326,384
22.8 kWh/Kgal
5,049,026
75%
3

Estimate O&M Costs


Electricity
Labor
Membrane Replacement
Cleaning Chemicals
Cartridge Filters
Repairs and Replacement
Insurance
Lab fees
Total O & M Cost

$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$

58,171,969
31,810
5,049,026
105,252
2,024,874
176,632
70,653
1,010,417
66,640,633

Total Costs

35,326,384

Capital Recovery

2,566,423

Annual cost
$/m3 Product
$/1000 gal Product
$/acre foot Product

69,207,056

Ms. Antonia von Gottberg


avongottberg@ionics.com, personal communication.

$0.50
$1.90
$617.99

500

{ee}ED2

First Stage
Input from Interface
Production Flow to be treated
Flow Rate
Feed TDS
Product TDS
Average Equivalent Weight:
Percent Recovery:
Production Data
Delta N eq/m3:
Desal Ratio:

Value:
Units
4380.79 L/sec.
15771 m3/Hr.
500 mg/L
500 mg/L
35.55
0.5

0.470

Sum cations efficiencies:

0.470

Cl-:

0.470

Sum anions efficiencies:

0.470

Transport effieciency:
Sum of Anion & Cation Efficiency.
Area/membrane pair Asahi is 0.85 m^2
Dilute side resistance "Rd"
Concentrate side resistance "Rc"
Membrane resistance "Rm"
Total resistance Rt = (Rd+Rc+Rm):
Current density
Current Efficiency:
Membrane Voltage Potential "Vm"
Voltage per cell Vc = Rt*CD+Vm:

0.940

Membrane Requirements
Total Membrane Area
Number of cell pairs:

0.850
0
0
0.070
0.070
30
0.860

Membrane Replacement
Membrane Cost/m2:

Membrane Life Expectancy (yrs):


Construction Cost Items
Construction Cost Factor (%):
Electricity Cost $/kWh:
Labor and Overhead
Labor cost, Lh ($/h)
Shifts per day, S (number/day)
Workers per shift, Ws (number/shift)

0.00
1.00

Membrane Characteristics
Transport efficiencies Sum<=1.00
Insert rows after Na+ or Clto add more ion efficiencies.
Na+:

Energy Requirements
Power requirements
Pumping energy requirements
Total

Sample Values:

0.400

25.00
15

Capital Recovery
System lifetime, r (yr)
Downtime, Dt (%)
Annual interest rate, i (%)

1.65
0.07

29.05
0.2
1

30
0.05
6

First Stage Capital Costs


Based on Membrane Cost @ $25/m2

First Stage O&M Costs/ year


Chemicals
Maintenance
Membrane Replacement:
Labor Cost:
ED Electicity Cost/year @ $0.07/kWhr:
Capital Recovery
November, 2006 O&M $:

$
$
$
$
$
$
$

1,249
16,965
82,201
100,415

0.400

m2
(ohms/cm)/cm2
(ohms/cm)/cm2
(ohms/cm)/cm2:
amps/m2

0.860
30 - 300

volts/pair
0.021

0.00 kWhr/m3:
0.17 kWhr/m3
64345 kWh/day

1.000

0.17

0 m2
0

Water Treatment Cost Estimation Program

{ee}ED2

Second Stage
Input from Interface
Flow Rate
Flow Rate
Feed TDS
Product TDS
Ave Equivalent Weight:
Percent Recovery:
Production Data
Delta N
Desal Ratio:

Value:
2576.9
9277
500
500
35.55
0.50

0.00 equiv/m3
1.00

Membrane Characteristics
Transport efficiencies Sum<=1.00
Insert rows after Na+ or Clto add more ion efficiencies.
Na+:

0.470

Sum cations efficiencies:

0.470

Cl-:

0.470

Sum anions efficiencies:

0.470

Transport effieciency:
Sum of Anion & Cation Efficiency.
Area/membrane pair Asahi is 0.85 m^2
Dilute side resistance "Rd"
Concentrate side resistance "Rc"
Membrane resistance "Rm"
Total resistance Rt = (Rd+Rc+Rm):
Current density
Current Efficiency:
Membrane Voltage Potential "Vm"
Voltage per cell Vc = Rt*CD+Vm:

0.940

Energy Requirements
Power requirements
Pumping energy requirements
Total
Membrane Requirements
Total Membrane Area
Number of cell pairs:

Sample Values:
L/sec
m3/hr.
mg/L
mg/L

0.850
0
0
0.070
0.070
30
0.860
0.650
0.671

Construction Cost Items


Construction Cost Factor (%):
Electricity Cost $/kWh:

1.65
$0.07

Labor and Overhead


Labor cost, Lh ($/h)
Shifts per day, S (number/day)
Workers per shift, Ws (number/shift)

29.05
0.2
1

0.400

0.400

Second Stage Capital Costs


Based on Membrane Cost @ $100/m2

Second Stage O&M Costs/ year


Chemicals
Maintenance
Membrane Replacement:
Labor Cost:
ED Electicity Cost/year @ $0.07/kWhr:
Capital Recovery
November, 2006 O&M $:

$
$
$
$
$
$
$

1,249
848
48,353
50,450

0.860
30 - 300

volts/pair

0.00 kWhr/m3
0.17 kWhr/m3
37850 kWh/day

1.000

0.17

0 m2
0

Total
Total capital cost (1st and 2nd stage)

$100.00
15

Capital Recovery
System lifetime, r (yr)
Downtime, Dt (%)
Annual interest rate, i (%)

m2
(ohms/cm)/cm2
(ohms/cm)/cm2
(ohms/cm)/cm2
amps/m2

Membrane Replacement
Membrane Cost/m2:
Membrane Life Expectancy (yrs):

$0

Water Treatment Cost Estimation Program

30
0.05
6

{ee}ED2

Suggested Values
$
100.00
15

1.65
0.08

15.00
0.2
1

15
15
10

Water Treatment Cost Estimation Program

{ee}ED2

Suggested Values
100
15

1.65
0.08

15
0.2
1

15
15
10

Water Treatment Cost Estimation Program

Project Name

Model Development

Date

Stage

06/07/04

A1

Pumps
Number of pumps:
Height differential:
Discharge pressure:
Full flow rate:
Basis flow rate
Pump Efficiency:
Velocity (m/s)
Motor Efficiency:
HP
Power consumption:

1
100
1750
5.15
5.15
75
2.4
87
24251
20795

Alternative Units
328.1
254
81,699
81,699

ft
psi
gal/min
gal/min

8 ft/sec

kW

PD
VST
Cent
3 - 300 HP
3 - 500 HP
3 - 1200 HP
7,275,306
3,016,431
234
1,727,931
1,727,931
1,727,931
4,000
$9,003,237
$4,748,362
$1,728,164

Direct Costs (material and labor)


Pump, drive, Piping and driver
Piping
Controls
Installed Capital Cost

Operating Costs
Power Cost $/year
Lubrication ($/L oil)
Cooling water ($/m3 water)
Maintenance (hr/Hp)

Units
pump
m
kPa
m3/s
m3/s
%
m/s
%

12,113,659
59,483
9,559,752
1,056,738
$22,789,633
Source: "Pump Handbook" Karassik, Krutzsch, Fraser and Messina pg (9-66)
0.7
0.075
1.5

Required Information
Plant life expectancy, n
Annual Interest Rate, i
Annual fixed-charge rate, AFC
Present-worth factor, PWF
Captial-recovery factor, CRF
Operating factor, OF
Annual levelized cost, ALC

30
6%
10
13.76
0.073
0.95
$0

hp calc may change if hp calc changes for RO sheet

6.31E-05
6.31E-04
3.15E-03
6.31E-03
6.31E-02
1.26E-01
3.15E-01

1
10
50
100
1000
2000
5000

235.9613
235.613
234.065
232.13
197.3
158.6
42.5

Chart Title
250
f(x) = - 0.0387x + 236
R = 1

200
150
100
50
0
0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

gal/min
Linear (gal/min)

Project Name

Model Development

Date

Stage

06/07/04

A1

Stiff and Davis Saturation Index


For water with TDS > 15000 mg/L
Ca+2 mg/L as CaCO3
Alkf mg/L as CaCO3
CO2 mg/L as CO2
H+
Major Ions mg/L
TDS Concentrate
Cac=

5
148
7.91 Calculated from alkalinity & pH
2.88E-08
500
3317
35

Alkc=

979

Ionic Strengthf =

0.01

Ionic Strengthc =

0.05
4.28
2.55

pCa
pAlk
pHs =
S&DSIf

9.21
-1.67

pCac

3.46

pAlkc

1.70

pHsc =

7.66

Alkc/CO2

2.38 K from 'Stiff&Davis'

2.50 for concentrate Ionic Strength and Temperatu

123.85

pHc =

8.34

S&DSIc

0.68

For the Concentrate Stream with Acid


Guess mg H2SO4

7.00 Guess mg HCl

Alk C acid

972

879

CO2 acid

14

97

Alk c acid/CO2 acid

68.4

9.1

pHc acid

8.09
1.70

7.24
1.75

7.67

7.71

pHc =

8.09

7.24

S&DSI (c adjusted)

0.42

-0.48

pAlk
pHs =

73.40

entrate Ionic Strength and Temperature

Project Name

Model Development

Date

Stage

06/07/04

A1

Use pCa and pAlk and pH vs MO Alk/CO2 from 'Stif&Davis' sheet


From Water Analysis
Caf in mg/L CaCO3
Alkf in mg/L CaCO3
TDSf
pHf
Temperature
pHf
CO2f
pCaf
pAlkf
"C"
pHs
LSIf

5
148
500
7.54
12
7.54
8
4.28
2.55
2.48
9.31
-1.77

From Report or RO&NF


Recovery
Rejection

0.85
0.995

Concentrate Values
Cac
Alkc
TDSc
CO2c
pHc
pCac
pAlkc
"C"
pHs
LSIc

Acidification
Guess mg/L Acid
Alk acid

Product Values
Cap
Alkp
TDSp
CO2p
pHf
pCap
pAlkp
"C"
pHs
LSIp

35
979
3319
7.91
8.34
3.46
1.70
2.56
7.72
0.62

H2SO4

HCl
7.0

73.4 Could change this to a goal seek

140.4

46.94

CO2 acid

14.2

96.73

Alkf/CO2

9.88

0.49

7.3

6.00

pHf acid

pAlk
pCa
"C"acid

2.58
4.28

2.22
3.46

2.48

2.56

pHs =

9.34

8.23

-2.07

-3.31

931.94

311.59

65.58

3.22

pHc =

8.06

6.80

pAlkc

1.72

2.22

"C"c

2.56

2.56

pHs

7.74

4.77

LSIc

0.32

-1.43

LSIf
Alkc acid
Alkc/CO2

Product Stabilization
Guess mg/L
Alkstab
Ca stab

Caustic Soda
Soda Ash
Lime
99.16%
NaHCO
98% NaOH
90% CaO
3
2.1
100 0.015105
3

95

CO2 stab

5.6

-33.1

7.9

Alkstab/CO2stab

0.6

-2.9

0.1

pHp stab (actual pH after chem. addition)


pAlk
pCa
TDS stab

6.1
4.2
6.5

Err:502
2.8
6.5

5.4
4.9
5.9

145

"C"stab

2.3

2.4

2.3

pHs (theoretical pH of stabilized water)

13.1

11.7

13.1

LSIstab

-7.0

Err:502

-7.7

Product Values
0
1
3
7.91
5.37
6.51
4.86
2.29
13.66
-8.29

Could change this to a goal seek equation

"C" Values dependent on Temperature and TD


Temperature C
TDS (mg/L)
5
10
2.51
20
2.53
30
2.54
50
2.55
100
2.58
200
2.6
300
2.62
500
2.65
1000
2.68
2000
2.71
5000
2.73
Calculated Values
10
2.48
20
2.51
30
2.52
50
2.54
100
2.57
200
2.59
300
2.61
500
2.63
1000
2.65
2000
2.68
5000
2.71
x = TDS in mg/L
C (45) = 0.0368Ln(x) + 1.5825
C (40) = 0.0371Ln(x) + 1.6678
C (35) = 0.0383Ln(x) + 1.7581
C (30) = 0.0372Ln(x) + 1.865
C (25)= 0.0372Ln(x) + 1.965
C (20) = 0.0372Ln(x) + 2.0658
C (15) = 0.037Ln(x) + 2.1775
C (10) = 0.0362Ln(x) + 2.2963
C (5) = 0.0377Ln(x) + 2.412
Temp
45
40
35
30
25

20
15
10
5
A=
B =- 0.0207*Temp + 2.491

Incomplete
Calcium
Hydraded Lime
93% Ca(OH)2
Hypochlorite
0.0666

Gas
CO2(g)

Lime & Soda ash

1.00

Could change this to a goal seek equation

95

7.9

7.9

8.9

-33.09

0.1

0.1

0.2

-2.9

5.4
4.9
6.0

5.4
4.9
6.5

5.6
4.5
6.5

Err:502
2.8
6.5

118

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.4

13.2

13.7

13.4

11.7

-7.8

-8.3

-7.8

Err:502

dependent on Temperature and TDS in mg/L from figure 2 in ASTM D 3739


Temperature C
10
15
20
25
30
35
2.39
2.28
2.17
2.07
1.97
1.86
2.41
2.29
2.18
2.08
1.98
1.87
2.42
2.3
2.19
2.09
1.99
1.88
2.43
2.31
2.2
2.1
2
1.9
2.45
2.34
2.22
2.12
2.02
1.93
2.48
2.37
2.26
2.15
2.05
1.96
2.5
2.38
2.27
2.17
2.07
1.98
2.52
2.41
2.3
2.2
2.1
2
2.56
2.44
2.33
2.23
2.13
2.03
2.58
2.47
2.36
2.26
2.16
2.05
2.6
2.49
2.38
2.28
2.18
2.08
Calculated Values
2.38
2.27
2.17
2.06
1.96
1.85
2.40
2.30
2.19
2.09
1.98
1.88
2.42
2.31
2.21
2.10
2.00
1.89
2.44
2.33
2.23
2.12
2.02
1.91
2.46
2.36
2.25
2.15
2.04
1.94
2.49
2.38
2.28
2.17
2.07
1.97
2.50
2.40
2.29
2.19
2.09
1.98
2.52
2.42
2.31
2.21
2.10
2.00
2.55
2.44
2.34
2.23
2.13
2.03
2.57
2.47
2.37
2.26
2.16
2.05
2.61
2.50
2.40
2.30
2.19
2.09

x = TDS in mg/L
C (45) = 0.0368Ln(x) + 1.5825
C (40) = 0.0371Ln(x) + 1.6678
C (35) = 0.0383Ln(x) + 1.7581
C (30) = 0.0372Ln(x) + 1.865
C (25)= 0.0372Ln(x) + 1.965
C (20) = 0.0372Ln(x) + 2.0658
C (15) = 0.037Ln(x) + 2.1775
C (10) = 0.0362Ln(x) + 2.2963
C (5) = 0.0377Ln(x) + 2.412
A

R2
R2
R2
R2
R2
R2
R2
R2
R2

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

40
1.77
1.78
1.79
1.8
1.83
1.86
1.88
1.9
1.93
1.96
1.98

45
1.68
1.69
1.71
1.72
1.74
1.77
1.79
1.81
1.85
1.87
1.89

1.75
1.78
1.79
1.81
1.84
1.86
1.88
1.90
1.92
1.95
1.98

1.64
1.67
1.69
1.70
1.73
1.76
1.77
1.79
1.82
1.84
1.88

0.9871
0.987
0.9923
0.9785
0.9785
0.9811
0.9854
0.9862
0.9882

Coefficients for Calc

C (x) = A Ln (x) +B

0.0368

1.5825

0.0371

1.6678

0.0383

1.7581

0.0372

1.865

2.5

0.0372

1.965

2
1.5
1
0.5
0

f(x) = - 0.0207103333x + 2.4910916667


R = 0.9950856101

3
2.5
f(x) = - 0.0207103333x + 2.4910916667
R = 0.9950856101

0.0372
0.037

2.0358
2.1775

0.0362

2.2963

0.0377

2.412

2
1
0.5
0

0.037189

B =- 0.0207*Temp + 2.491

1.5

R2 = 0.9983

10

15

20

25

30

Temperature
C (x,T)= 0.0372*Ln(x)-0.0209*T+2.499

TDS Factor
ge this to a goal seek equation
1.22
0.8

35

2.9
2.7
2.5

f(x) = 0.0377390603 ln(x) + 2.4119582969


R = 0.9882006916

2.3
2.1 f(x) = 0.0371557363 ln(x) + 1.8650053303
1.9 R = 0.9785280969
1.7

f(x) = 0.0367723977 ln(x) + 1.5824622719


R = 0.987123486

1.5
1.3
1.1
10

100

1000

10000

Coefficients for Calculated "C"


B
Linear (B)
A
A

7103333x + 2.4910916667
56101

0.0385
0.038
0.0375
0.037
0.0365
0.036
0.0355
0.035

5
Logarithmic (5)
10
15
20
25
30
Logarithmic (30)
35
40
45
Logarithmic (45)

7103333x + 2.4910916667
56101

20

25

30

Temperature

35

40

45

50

B
Linear (B)
A
A

0.0385
0.038
0.0375
0.037
0.0365
0.036
0.0355
0.035

5
Logarithmic (5)
10
15
20
25
30
Logarithmic (30)
35
40
45
Logarithmic (45)

Project Name

Model Development

Date

Stage

06/07/04

A1

Temp
Ionic Strength

50

40

1.5
2.27
2.57
2.7
2.8
2.82
2.85
2.85
2.82
2.81
2.8

1.7
2.45
2.77
2.92
3.04
3.1
3.1
3.09
3.09
3.08
3.05

0.634
0.6053
0.6061
0.615
0.5679
0.576
0.5466

x2
-2.5651
-2.508
-2.5612
-2.5826
-2.4127
-2.4149
-2.2635

0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2

Curve Fits: x = ionic strength


Temp
50
40
30
25
20
10
0

x3

30
K
1.85
2.65
2.95
3.14
3.25
3.32
3.33
3.32
3.3
3.28
3.24

x
3.2205
3.2522
3.3709
3.3744
3.1941
3.1519
2.9032

25
1.97
2.75
3.07
3.25
3.36
3.42
3.44
3.42
3.4
3.38
3.35

a
1.5931
1.7809
1.9387
2.0527
2.2134
2.3873
2.616

From Feed Water Analysis


T
I
K=
K=
From Concentrate Analysis
T
I
K=
K=

Source: ASTM Method for S&DSI

11.75
0.01

Curve fit: T = Temperature, I = Ionic Stre

(.0016*T+.5528)I +(.0002T^2-.0142T-2.2695)*I2+(-.0004T^2+.0266T+2.9
2.3788520254
3

11.75
0.05

(.0016*T+.5528)I3+(.0002T^2-.0142T-2.2695)*I2+(-.0004T^2+.0266T+2.9
2.504296137

10

2.12
2.9
3.18
3.35
3.47
3.5
3.55
3.54
3.52
3.49
3.45

2.3
3.05
3.35
3.5
3.6
3.65
3.68
3.68
3.65
3.62
3.6

2.52
3.25
3.5
3.63
3.7
3.75
3.78
3.78
3.75
3.72
3.7

f(x) = 0.5465714841x^3 - 2.263548951x^2 + 2.9032245532x + 2.6


R = 0.9680542308

3.5
3

f(x) = - 0.5554341492x^4 + 2.8557206682x^3 - 5.3422931235x^2 + 4.3


2.5
R = 0.9932721682
K

20

2
1.5
1
0.5
0
0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.2

1.4

1.6

Ionic Strength

r2
0.9738
0.9821
0.9813
0.9832
0.9771
0.9784
0.9681

4
3

f(x) = - 0.0004133109x^2 + 0.0265632605x + 2.9071655462


R = 0.8986671283
f(x) = - 0.0205954286x + 2.5980428571
R = 0.994110018

2
1
0
-1

f(x) = 0.0016088571x + 0.5527642857


R = 0.8147202092

10

20

30

40

-2
-3

f(x) = 0.0001728291x^2 - 0.0141723137x - 2.2694890756


R = 0.8316299784

50

60

x3
Lin
x2
Po
x
Po
a
Lin

a
Lin

-2
-3

f(x) = 0.0001728291x^2 - 0.0141723137x - 2.2694890756


R = 0.8316299784

= Temperature, I = Ionic Strength

)*I2+(-.0004T^2+.0266T+2.9072)I+(-.0206T+2.598)

)*I2+(-.0004T^2+.0266T+2.9072)I+(-.0206T+2.598)

pCa
5
4
3
2
1

48951x^2 + 2.9032245532x + 2.616013986

50
Polynomial (50)
40
30
25
20
10
0
Polynomial (0)

6682x^3 - 5.3422931235x^2 + 4.3314005439x + 1.5291608392

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

6
5

2
pCa and pAlk

Conversion of Ca and Alk to pCa an

Strength

f(x) = -0.4342944819 ln(x) + 5


f(x) = -0.4386374267 ln(x) + 4.73
R = 1

4
3
2
1
0
1

50

60

x3
Linear (x3)
x2
Polynomial (x2)
x
Polynomial (x)
a
Linear (a)

10

100

1000

Ca and Alk as mg/L CaCO3

a
Linear (a)

pH vs Alk/CO2
Fig 3 D 4582 1998 Annual Book of ASTM Standards Volume 11.02

pAlk
1
10
100
1000
10000

MO Alk/CO2
Expressed as mg/L CaCO
pH of Water
5.3
0.098
5.4
0.12
pH vs
5.6
0.19
9
5.8
0.305
8
6
0.5
f(x) = 0.4
7
6.2
0.775
R = 0.99
6
6.4
1.25
5
6.6
2
4
6.8
3.2
3
7
5
2
7.2
8
1
7.4
13
0
7.5
17
0.01
0.1
7.6
21.5
7.8
34
M
8
54
8.2
100
pH=0.423 Ln(Alk/CO
8.3
1000
pH of Water

4.75
3.7
2.7
1.7
0.7

Conversion of Ca and Alk to pCa and pAlk

x) = -0.4342944819 ln(x) + 5
x) = -0.4386374267 ln(x) + 4.73
=1
Alk
Logarithmic (Alk)
Ca
Logarithmic (Ca)
10

100

1000

Ca and Alk as mg/L CaCO3

10000

tandards Volume 11.02 Water (II)

as mg/L CaCO3/mg/L CO2

01

pH vs Alk/CO2

f(x) = 0.4230111901 ln(x) + 6.302165873


R = 0.9997090349

0.1

1
MO Alk/CO2

pH=0.423 Ln(Alk/CO2) + 6.3022

10

100

Project Name

Model Development

Date

Stage

06/07/04

A1

UV
Volume treated:
Power consumption per lamp:
Alternative power consumption per lamp:
Lamp replacement time:
Alternative lamp replacement time:
Required UV lamps:
Lamp replacement cost:
Annual lamp replacements:
Annual power consumption:
Required annual labor hours:

Capital cost:
Annual lamp replacement cost:
Annual power cost:
Annual labor cost
Total annual operating cost:
data from Irvine Moch, 5/2/2000

69437
0.05
0.00
1.0
0.0
4907
$48.00
4907
2,149,266
834

$2,009,031
$235,536
$150,449
$24,219
$410,204

Units
gal/min
kW
kW
year
year
lamps
per lamp
lamps
kWh
hours

Alternative Units
99,989,169

Units

Alternative Units

12
0

Alternative Units
gal/day

months
months

Alternative Units

Project Name

Model Development

Date

Stage

06/07/04

A1

Double Wall Fiberglass Tanks


Units
Required Tank Capacity

Nov 2000 Construction Cost


Material
Labor
Equipment
November, 2006 Capital Cost $:

Alternative Units
1,892,700

500,000 gallons

$
0.901 $
0.089 $
0.010 $
$

Construction Cost Equations (From http://www.get-a-quote.net)


$ = a+b*x
a
2842.7

546,043
603,206
62,239
6,881
672,326

b
1.0864

Alternative Units
liters

Project Name

Model Development

Date

Stage

06/07/04

A1

Microfiltration / Ultrafiltration
Units
Production Flow to be treated

99.99 mgd

2001 Construction Cost


Manufactured & Electrical Equipment
Housing
Excavation, Site Work & Labor
Piping and Valves
November, 2006 Capital Cost $:

2001 O&M Cost:


Materials
Energy
Labor
November, 2006 Operation & Maintenance $:

%1

Construction Cost2
$ = a*x^b

O&M Cost2
$ = a*x^b

$
$
$
$
$
$

50,374,732
62,915,209
62,915,209

$
0.13 $
0.12 $
0.75 $
$

3,083,396
514,167
359,730
2,839,634
3,713,531

1.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

Alternative Units
69437

2.4914

b
-0.3471

1.0451

b
-0.5462

1 from Oneby, Nordgren, and Ericson, Membrane Microfiltration As A Cost Efective Solution For A Small Utility
AWWA Membrane Conference Proceedings, 2001
from Elarde & Bergman, The Cost of Membrane Filtration for Municipal Water Supplies,
AWWA Membrane Conference Proceedings, 2001
2

Alternative Units
gpm

ctive Solution For A Small Utility,

{gg}StdAnalyses

Brackish 1
Aluminum
Antimony
Arsenic
Barium
Beryllium
Boron
Cadmium
Calcium
Chromium
Copper
Iron
Lead
Magnesium
Manganese
Mercury
Nickel
Potassium
Selenium
Silver
Sodium
Strontium
Zinc
Alkalinity-Bicarbonate
Alkalinity-Carbonate
Carbon Dioxide (aq)
Chloride
Cyanide
Flouride
Nitrate (as N)
o-Phosphate
Sulfate
Silica
pH
pOH
Solids (TDS)
Total Suspended Solids:
Conductivity
Temperature

0.050

0.001
100.000
0.010
0.050
0.050
0.005
35.000
0.550

Brackish 2

Brackish 3

Hi Brackish

Seawater

0.35

0.01
3.30E-04

0.0983

0.03
6.00E-07

182
0.023
0.09
0.019
0.006
85
0.0811

110

637

80

283

4.78

10

131

175.8
2.71

815
5

3284
15

189.00

125.00

163.00

13
560

13.7
811

44.8
6545

300.000
17.000
7.620

0.31
10.7
0.37
231
11.9
7.39

1100
12
7.2

680
18
6.8

905.000
1.000
1560.000
25.000

1453
1.3
2758
25

3070
1
5232
25

11757
1
19604
25

1.800
0.005
0.005
110.900
1.300
0.050
232.000
0.000
10.100
95.000
0.640
1.000

Municipal

Water Treatment Cost Estimation Program

1.10E-04
406
5.00E-05
3.00E-03
0.01
3.00E-05
1.29E+03
2.00E-03
3.00E-05
5.40E-03
385
9.00E-05
3.00E-04
10741
14
0.01
144.00
0.5
2.50E+00
19333
1.3
0.5
0.07
2688

Secondary Eff

2nd Eff RO
Perm

0.0029

0.0025

0.2230

0.1300

22.2

64.0000

1.1000

7.3
0.03

24.0000
0.0285

0.004
2
0.005

14.3000

1.3000

25
0.61
0.02
25

62.5000
0.2600
0.0593
345.00

3.1500

2.7
71.7

55.00

5.30

0.11
0.0005

0.5

0.04
20
10
7.2

35005
1
54534
25

184
1
362
25

0.30
12.50
3.70
39.50
27.00
7.50
6.50
425
790.00
25.00

11.60
16.60

1.22

6.80
7.20
18
25.00
25.00

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