Professional Documents
Culture Documents
10:03 PM
Test 3 Review
Be able to apply the concepts; merely memorizing definitions will not be enough
to do well on the exam.
Also, dont forget to read any handouts you were provided.
Chapter 10 (16 Qs)
Primary sex characteristic development (Wolffian v. Mullerian)
If there's a Y, it releases androgens which make the wolffian develop the male sex characteristics
and the gonads turn into testes/balls. Mullerian deteriorates.
If there's no Y (XX), estrogen is released and the mullerian ducts develop into female stuff and the
gonads become ovaries. Wolffian deteriorates.
Intersex children
Intersex children/Hermaphrodite - child born but you can't determine whether it's male or
female (the other gland didn't deteriorate); the genitalia by physical appearance is either both or
indeterminate
Heart beats faster when you see the person you're in love with. Pupils dilate.
Plateau - excitement fades and you keep going
Tantric sex - hours and hours of teasing. Staying in the excitement and plateau phase
Orgasm - rhythmic contractions of muscles of the vaginal walls or the penis; 3rd and shortest
phase
Seminal fluid - contains sperm; how you get pregnant
Resolution - sleep, body goes back to its normal state
Refractory period - period before you can have sex again, before you can be physically
aroused again
Longer refractory period the older you get (positive correlation: age goes up,
refractory period goes up)
STDs
STDs - can affect the sex organs, ability to reproduce, and may cause pain, disfigurement, or even
death
Bacterial STDs: Can be treated.
Chlamydia - "The Silent Disease"
75% women 50% men don't show symptoms
Untreated can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease (infertility)
If you're ever exposed to aids 5x more likely to contract it
Syphilis
Sores, rashes, latent
If you don't address it in the beginning, after latency it is too far gone. Can spread to
the brain and cause blindness, insanity and death
Gonorrhea - "The Clap"
Gonorrhea superbug in Japan can spread 500x more resistant to antibiotics
If untreated, pelvic inflammatory disease (infertility), kidney failure for men, urinary
issues
Viral STDs: Doesn't go away. NO CURE, only treatment from symptoms
Genital herpes
Cold sores are not genital herpes!
1 in 6 people have it
Undiagnosed herpes can be deadly to newborn
Genital warts (HPV)
Can cause cervical cancer
Males have it in their mouths
1 in 15 have it in their mouths
Related to throat and neck cancer
Gardasil
AIDS or acquired immune deficiency syndrome - viral disease that causes deterioration of
the immune system
You don't die from aids, you die from lack of immune system (pneumonia, influenza)
Sources of stress
Catastrophe - unpredictable, large-scale event creating intense feelings of threat + a tremendous
need to adapt/adjust
Natural disasters and terrorist attacks
Can lead to:
PTSD - flashbacks, night terrors, extreme vigilance
ASD (Acute Stress Disorder) - same symptoms as PTSD but goes away after 30 days
Major Life Events - cause stress by requiring adjustment; any kind of transition
Graduation, marriage, loss of a loved one, divorce, children, moving, losing your job, kicked
out of school
Hassles - daily annoyances of everyday life
Traffic, homework, gnats and mosquitos
Reactions to frustration
Frustration (external v. internal)
Aggression (physical and verbal) - take out stress on the object that is causing stress (yelling
at your boss because they got you mad)
"This won't work" = throw things
Displaced aggression - take out stress on something else (boss gets you mad, take it out on
your kids)
Escape or withdrawal
Drugs, not think about it
Depression (anhedonia)
Total withdrawal/escape
Whatever you do you can't get ahead
Anhedonia - Inability to take pleasure in things you used to like
Types of conflict
Approach-approach conflict - 2 things that you want, have to choose one
Do you want cake or pie?
Avoidance-avoidance approach Toothache, deal with the pain or go to the dentist?
Approach-avoidance conflict - one decision but the decision has good and bad aspects
Going to class, getting married
Double approach-avoidance conflict
Going to move out of dorm, do I buy a house in the city or suburbs?
There's 2 girls I wanna marry, which one?
Multiple approach-avoidance conflict
Getting accepted to multiple colleges
Types of acculturation and amount of stress associated with each (be able to
distinguish in a scenario)
Acculturative stress
Resulting from need to change or adapt to a new majority culture
Four Methods of Acculturation:
Integration - still maintain original culture but you form a positive relationship with new
culture
Least stress
Assimilation - lose old culture and learn new culture
Immigrants lose their roots; you're an American now
Moderate stress
Separation - not mingling with new culture
immigrated but find pockets of their culture and stick with it, don't learn language or
lose original culture
A lot of stress
Marginalization - not keeping original culture but not accepting of the new one either; no
social support (family, friends, network)
All alone
Most stress
Meditation: mental exercise meant to refocus attention and achieve a trancelike state
of consciousness
Can affect genes; epigenetics (turn beneficial ones on and harmful ones off);
after volunteers meditates twice a day for 8 weeks and those who meditated
were healthier
Groupthink
Groupthink - super cohesive group and you don't go against the group. Don't express dissenting
opinions; more importance is placed on maintaining group cohesieveness than on assessing facts
of a problem
Challenger disaster (1986)
Gangs, military, NASA, Mafia, Titanic ("It's unsinkable")
Attitude formation
Direct contact with person, situation, object or idea
Experience yourself and figure it out.
I found out I don't like beans when I put them in my mouth
Direct instruction from parents or others
"you would not like how it feels to smoke pot so don't do it"
Interacting with other people with certain attitudes
Observational learning
You go out to eat with a friend and they spit it out so you don't want to try it
Cognitive dissonance
Distress that occurs when a person's behavior does not correspond to that person's attitude
It pisses me off that my coffee's $5 every morning but it's so convenient
"this is too expensive" attitude doesn't match "I'm gonna do it anyway" behavior
Smoking
Know it's bad but you do it anyways
Affair
I have morals but a boyfriend on the side anyways
To relieve this distress: Basically rationalize your behavior
Change behavior
Change cognition
"eh, $5 isn't that bad" "I can afford it"
Form new cognition
"if I didn't stop at Starbucks, I'd be late every morning"
Festinger's Experiment
Prejudice v. discrimination
Prejudice - negative attitude about the members of a particular social group
Discrimination - treating people differently because of prejudice
Basis is in-group v out-group. You're not part of my group therefore you're the out-group
Alien invasion or zombie attack would unite the world but once the aliens left we would all
hate each other again.
Scapegoating
Scapegoating - victimizing those with the least power
Rodney King riots - first incidence of mass media getting video of white racist cops beating
Test 3 Review Page 8
Rodney King riots - first incidence of mass media getting video of white racist cops beating
up black man. Riots occurred in newly immigrated Asian neighborhoods where there
couldn't really be much done
Love triangle
Sternberg's three components of love:
Intimacy - emotional closeness, I know you and I like you
Passion - gotta have you, always thinking about you
Commitment - nobody but you