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PCS 7 System Course

Content
10

10

Basics Automatic Mode Control ............................................................................ 3


10.1

Learning targets ..................................................................................................................... 3

10.2
10.2.1
10.2.2
10.2.3

Setting the Auto/Manual mode by program ........................................................................... 4


Logic for control output (open/close command to valve) ....................................................... 4
Demonstration with push buttons and switches .................................................................... 5
Examples for controlling the Auto / Manual mode by program .............................................. 5

10.3

Task and checkpoint .............................................................................................................. 6

10.4
10.4.1
10.4.2
10.4.3
10.4.4
10.4.5
10.4.6
10.4.7
10.4.8
10.4.9
10.4.10
10.4.11
10.4.12
10.4.13
10.4.14
10.4.15

Sequential control with SFC .................................................................................................. 7


SFC Charts ............................................................................................................................ 7
Elements of a Sequence ........................................................................................................ 9
Close cooperation ................................................................................................................ 10
Interconnections between CFC and SFC ............................................................................ 11
Initialization, Processing and Termination ........................................................................... 14
Example ............................................................................................................................... 15
SFC in test mode ................................................................................................................. 15
Task and checkpoint ............................................................................................................ 16
Operating state logic for sequencers (sequencer OSL) ...................................................... 16
Operating state logic for a SFC (SFC OSL) ........................................................................ 17
External View ....................................................................................................................... 18
Task and Checkpoint ........................................................................................................... 18
Add a new sequencer into the chart and setup the properties ............................................ 19
Default behavior of an SFC ................................................................................................. 19
Sequencers reacting on changes of state ........................................................................... 21

10.5
10.5.1
10.5.2
10.5.3

Sequences on the OS .......................................................................................................... 22


Preparation in the ES ........................................................................................................... 22
Steps of SFC operation in Runtime ..................................................................................... 23
SFC MultiChart Control ........................................................................................................ 24

10.6

SFC type .............................................................................................................................. 27

10.7

Task and checkpoint ............................................................................................................ 28

SIMATIC PCS 7 Basic Automatic Mode Control


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SIMATIC PCS 7 Basic Automatic Mode Control


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PCS 7 System Course

10

Basics Automatic Mode Control

Learning
Targetstargets
10.1
Learning
The participant will learn about
the general concept of automatic
mode control

The participant will be able to


have devices controlled
dependend of states of other
devices
have devices controlled by
sequential controls

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Basics Automatic Mode Control

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10.2

Setting the Auto/Manual mode by program

10.2.1

Logic for control output (open/close command to valve)


The diagrams below show the logic of a VlvL block regarding the control signal Ctrl
and the Auto / Manual mode.
In these simplified diagrams the influence of other signals like Local mode, Out of
Service, forcing, interlocks and feedback error are ignored.

The red/ arrows


represents
theby
Boolean
value true (digital: 1) that is send from the OS,
Setting the Auto
Manual
mode
program
by clicking the related button (with OK) to the related input of the block in the AS.
Logic for control output (open / close command to valve)
After processing this value by the block program, the input value is put back to false
(digital: 0).
VlvL
Logic for
Auto / Manual
mode
OpenAut

CtrL

OpenMan
1

Output driver
CloseAut

CloseMan

PIQ
Output module

Feature.Bit4:
0 = Button mode
1 = Switch mode

Setting the Auto / Manual mode by program


Simplified diagram for explaining the logic
Logic for Auto / Manual mode
Logic for Auto / Manual mode

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Basics Automatic Mode Control

ModLiOp
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AutModLi

AutModOp
1

ManModLi

ManModOp

Feature.Bit4:
0 = Button mode
1 = Switch mode

Simplified diagram for explaining the logic

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Setting the Auto / Manual mode by program


Demonstration
10.2.2
Demonstration with push buttons and switches
Below 2 VlvL blocks of R310 with connections to signals from the Signal Box:
V311

T = push button

Button mode

V312 Switch mode

VlvL

VlvL

S = Switch
T3

OpenAut

S4

T4

CloseAut

S1

ModLiOp

S2

ModLiOp

T1

AutModLi

S3

AutModLi

OpenAut
CloseAut

Examples for controlling


the Auto / ManualManModLi
mode
ManModLi
T2
by program
10.2.3

Examples for controlling the Auto / Manual mode by program


0

ModLiOp

AutModLi
1
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Basics Automatic Mode Control

ModLiOp
AutModLi
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ModLiOp

3
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AutModLi

ModLiOp
AutModLi

1
0
1
0

1. The gray rectangles represent any block offering one or two outputs that can be
used to control the mode.
2. When ModLiOp has value 0, then the mode can only be controlled by operator on

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the OS.
Basics Automatic Mode Control

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3. The mode is controlled by the source of the connection


4. When the source changed from 0 to 1: Auto mode, operator can not change to
Manual.
When the source changed from 1 to 0: remains in Auto mode, but operator can
change to Manual.
5. Operator controls the mode.
6. Auto mode, can not change to Manual
7. Switching back to Manual mode, operator can not change to Auto.
8. Operator controls the mode.
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10.3

Task and checkpoint

Task: Auto mode for the material tanks


Goal
One common switch on the OS to set the outlet valves and outlet pumps of the material
tanks in Auto mode.
When in Auto Mode, then the outlet valve and outlet pump of a material tank must follow
the demand
for the
material: opening
Task: Auto up
mode
for the
material
tanks and starting when a dose valve has opened.
Checkpoint

Checkpoint

Consider
a way to have the Auto mode of all
devices of D210 and R310 set by a
single operation, leaving the
devices in such a state, that the
operator can switch back to
Manual mode if required.

SITRAIN
Basics Automatic Mode Control

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10.4

Sequential control with SFC


The sequential function chart (SFC) is a sequential control system executed in stages
which, depending on certain conditions, advances from one state to the next.

Sequential control with SFC

A sequential control system controls functions, such as CFC charts, via mode and state
changes, and processes them selectively.

SIMATIC Manager

PH

PO

IEA
SFC Visualization
CFC

SFC

STEP 7 - tools

ES
STEP 7

WinCC

AS

OS

Sequential control with SFC


SFC charts

10.4.1

SFC Charts

SITRAIN
Basics Automatic Mode Control

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Configuration limits of the SFC


Sequencers per SFC chart 8
Steps per sequencer 2 - 255
Instructions per action 50
Transitions per sequencer 1 - 255
Conditions per transition / start
condition 16

A SFC chart consists in maximum 8 sequencers for different states of the sequential
control system (e.g. default: Run, Hold, Resume, Abort...or customized: Heating,
SITRAIN
Dosing, Draining, etc.).
a CPUAGand
is
Basics Automatic Mode Cooling,
Control
10 -An
10 SFC chart is assigned uniquely toSiemens
2012
also executed completely on this CPU.

See [103] PCS 7 V8.0 Engineering System - 12_2011, 8.12.8 for more detail

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Run Sequence
The runtime properties of an SFC chart or SFC instance determine how the SFC is
included in the chronological execution sequence within the overall structure in the
CPU. These properties determine the behavior of the target system with respect to
response times, dead times, or the stability of time-dependent structures, such as
control loops.

SFC chartsThe insertion in the Run Sequence is done using the Predecessor for Insert Position.
Run Sequence
The SFC chart is represented by a single object like a chart or as a part of a runtime
group like a block:

Single object
like a chart

Part of a
runtime group
like a block

It depends on the structure of your project!


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Basics Automatic Mode Control

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Insufficient runtime properties of an SFC chart are a typical beginners mistake


caused by a wrong default position Predecessor for Insert.
The cyclic operation interval of blocks controlled by an SFC must not be larger than
the cyclic operation interval of the SFC itself.

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10.4.2

Elements of a Sequence
A newly created sequencer (menu command Insert > Sequencer > ...) is inserted at a
selected position in the SFC in its initial state consisting of an initial step, transition and
final step.
In its initial state, the new SFC consists of one sequencer. You create each sequencer
in its own working window.
A tab is created for every working window at the bottom of the screen. The tab shows
the name of the sequencer (for example, RUN or SEQ1). You can switch to the
individual sequencers using these tabs.

Elements of a sequence

A toolbar Element bar offers the elements to build up a sequence.


Step and Transition
Upper
branch line
Loop
backwards

Element bar
Step

Parallel
branch

Transition
Step
Transition

Lower
branch line

Step
Transition
Tabs represent
sequencers

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Basics Automatic Mode Control

Alternative
branch

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Jump

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See [304] SFC for SIMATIC S7 - Programming and Operating Manual - 12_2011,
11.2 for more details about the sequencer topology.

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10.4.3

Close cooperation
There is a close cooperation between SFC and CFC:
Sequences will not have access to the process signals by their own.
Every access is to be configured in relation to existing function in CFC charts.

Controlling
Controlling devices in the process is to be done through the control blocks in CFC.
In general the Auto mode and its related input to control is being used.
For a VALVE block the input to be used is AUTO_OC. The VALVE block will have the
actual connection to the process through the output driver.

Monitoring

Close cooperation
between SFC and CFC
Monitoring the process (in general as a feedback from an earlier step) is done through a
block for monitoring the value, using a connection to the related input driver.

CFC

SFC
Open command
in Auto mode

Valve is
closed

Process value of
level monitoring

SITRAIN
Basics Automatic Mode Control

Move

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In CFC, an SFC access can be moved using ALT-drag.

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10.4.4

Interconnections between CFC and SFC

Interconnection
APLinblocks
in a
Interconnection
to APLto
blocks
a Transition

Transition

3
4

SITRAIN
1. Open
Basics Automatic Mode Control

the Transition properties


(Double click). There is a (possiblySiemens
empty)
list of
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conditions arranged in boxes.
Each line represents a condition. A maximum of 16 conditions per transition are
possible. They are logically linked (default logic: AND).
Each condition consists of a left address, an operator (that you can select from a list
box), and a right address.

By clicking the "Go To" button, you can jump to the point of use of the address in
whose edit box the text cursor is located (for example, to the CFC chart with the block
I/O that is the address of this statement.

2. The "Browse..." button opens a dialog box where you can select an address for the
edit box of the condition where the text cursor is located.
3. Navigate to the required block to get the corresponding I/Os displayed.
4. Select the desired block I/O.
5. In case of APL blocks with structures as I/O data type, it is necessary to open the
structure. Only a single structure element can be linked. An additional dialog offers
you the structure element to be selected.

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Interconnection to APL blocks in a Step

Interconnection to APL blocks in a Step

2
3
5

SITRAIN
1. Open
Basics Automatic Mode Control

the Step properties (Double


click). There is a (possibly empty)
list of
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commands arranged in boxes.
Each line represents one statement. You can make up to 50 statements.
Each statement line consists of the following elements:

The button with the line number for selecting the line
The radio button that you can use to select the statement as an OS comment
An edit box for the left address, the operator, and the edit box for the right
address
If the text cursor is located in an address box, the shortcut menu displays only the
functions needed for editing the contents.
2. The "Browse..." button opens a dialog box where you can select an address for the
edit box of the statement where the text cursor is located.
3. Navigate to the required block to get the corresponding I/Os displayed.
4. Select the desired block I/O.
5. In case of APL blocks with structures as I/O data type, it is necessary to open the
structure. Only a single structure element can be linked. An additional dialog offers
you the structure element to be selected.

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Accesses to CFC blocks can also be modified in the relevant CFC chart. This
modification, however, is restricted to "rewiring" SFC accesses; in other words,
moving the access to another block I/O (with <Alt> + Drag-and-Drop).
Do not write any values to outputs of blocks and charts (CFC and SFC). Generally,
these are overwritten again by the processing of the block or chart.

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Options for to editing addresses in a step


Drag the block inputs/outputs from CFC charts directly to the address box. Resize
and arrange the windows of CFC / SFC charts for this purpose.
In the addresses, you can enter accesses to CFC block inputs/outputs whose block

does to
not APL
yet really
exist in in
the a
CFC
chart.
Interconnection
blocks
Step
These statements are displayed in the
statement line on a yellow background and are set up as textual interconnections.
Options for adress editing in a step

Regardless of the selection and application of changes, all completed lines can be
copied and reinserted in any type of actions of other steps at another line.

Statement as an
OS comment

Drop
Drag&

Line buttons with


context menu
Textual
reference

Filtering the I/Os in the Browse Dialog

SITRAIN
Basics Automatic Mode Control

Filtering the I/Os in the Browse Dialog

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Double click
to sort

Enter a text to
identify

SITRAIN

Basics Automatic
SIMATIC
PCS 7 Mode
BasicControl
Automatic Mode Control
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10.4.5

Initialization, Processing and Termination


In the properties of a step, there are 3 sections where you can enter the
actions/commands:

Initialization
If actions have been configured here, they will be executed only once: at transition from
the previous step to this step.

Processing
If actions have been configured here, they will be executed during every program
cycle, as long as the condition for transferring to the next step is not completed.

Termination

Intitalization, Processing and termination

If actions have been configured here, they will be executed only once: at the transition
from this step to the next one.

cycle

Transition fulfilled

Step active

Start Trans 2
Stop Trans 2

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Basics Automatic Mode Control

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See [304] SFC for SIMATIC S7
- Programming and Operating Manual
- 12_2011,
15.3.6.2 for more details

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10.4.6
Example
Example
Next diagram can be used for a demonstration in configuring a SFC chart:

START
SP_EXT

70

L33

PV_IN

SP=70

50
30

H67

Start step
Step enabling condition:
Process value PV_IN less than 33?
Action:
Set setpoint SP_EXT to 70
Step enabling condition:
Process value PV_IN greater than 67?

SP=50
Linear sequence

L53

Conditions in transitions
Actions in steps

SP=30

Test
L32

END
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Basics Automatic Mode Control

10.4.7

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SFC in test mode

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In SFC test mode a operating/status bar is displayed for monitoring and controlling. The

SFC in Testvarious
mode
step control modes change the behavior of the SFC when passing control from
active steps to successor steps:

Step Control Modes


T
T or C
T and C
C
T/T and C

Operating
state

Transition
Transition or Confirmation by User
Transition and Confirmation by User
Confirmation by User
Step specific Control by operator

Selection of
the step
control mode
Control
mode

Operator
confirmation
button
Operator
commands

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Basics Automatic Mode Control

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10.4.8

Task and checkpoint

Task: First sequence for R310


Goal
A first short sequence for dosing one material and to learn proper switching between
and automatic
mode.
Task: First manual
sequence
for R310
Checkpoint

Checkpoint

What has to be changed in the


sequence
if the valve would be in button mode
instead switch mode (Feature bit.4)?

Operating
state logic
for sequencers
(sequencer
10.4.9
Operating
state logic
for sequencers
(sequencer OSL)
OSL)
The operating state logic of the sequencer is defined by the diagram of the state
changes.

States exited due to


commands
SITRAIN
Operator
commands
Basics Automatic
Mode Control

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Implicit state changes


triggered by SFC

See [304] SFC for SIMATIC S7 - Programming and Operating Manual - 12_2011,
for more details

SITRAIN
15.2.5.5
Basics Automatic Mode Control

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10.4.10

Operating state logic for a SFC (SFC OSL)

Diagram of state changes


The diagram below shows the changes of states of a SFC.

Diagram of state changes

States that are exited


through events
Transition states that are
implicitly exited
States applied from OSL
for SFC V5.x
Events: Commands / Conditions /
External Signals / Internal Signals
Event: Error
Results applied from OSL
for SFC V5.x
Implicit transitions that are
triggered from SFC, if the active
sequencer has been processed to
completion or if there is not
sequencer to process.
SITRAIN
The sequencer
Basics Automatic Mode Control

OSL is executed
independent of the SFC-OSL when aSiemens
sequencer
is
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processed. This means that the sequencer has a state which differs from the SFC state.
For example, the state of the SFC OSL can be "Holding", whereas the state of the
sequencer OSL is "Run" (due to the processing of the sequencer to the "Holding" state).
The processing of the sequencer OSL is subordinate to the SFC OSL. This means that
the state change in the SFC OSL usually effects the state change in the sequencer
OSL.

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10.4.11

External View
External
view

Operating
modes

Commands
and operating
states

Provide
information
about states
and modes to
other blocks

Execution
options
SITRAIN
Every
Basics Automatic Mode Control

SFC has an external view


that is displayed by the CFC editor.
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On the left parameters for controlling the states, modes and more by SFC steps and
connections to blocks in CFC charts.
On the right parameters representing states, modes and more information to be used
in SFC transitions and for connections to blocks in CFC charts.
The inputs need different types of values / static or dynamic (edges).

10.4.12

See [304] SFC for SIMATIC S7 - Programming and Operating Manual - 12_2011,
12.3.1 for more details

Task and Checkpoint

Task: Complete sequence for R310


Goal
A sequence for dosing and heating a mixture of the 3 materials

Task: Sequence for R310


Checkpoint
Checkpoint

What happens
during a dosing step, when the
command Hold is executed?

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Changes of state
Add a new
into into
the the
chart
10.4.13
Add asequencer
new sequencer
chart and setup the properties

Assign a priority for


the case that several
sequencers fulfill their
start condition at the
same time

Insert a new
sequencer at the
corresponding
position

Define the start conditions


basing on the SFC OSL

SITRAIN
Basics Automatic Mode Control

10.4.14

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Default behavior of an SFC

Default behavior of an SFC Start

By default a SFC contains a single sequencer with the default name RUN.

Start

The state RUN is the start


condition for the sequencer
called RUN.

When the SFC is started (button


SITRAIN
Basics Automatic Mode Control
from IDLE to STARTING. 10 - 27

Start) for the first time, the first state change will be
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When the RUN sequencer is the only one, nothing will react on the state STARTING,
so the next program cycle the state will change from STARTING to RUN.
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Hold
When during the execution of the RUN sequencer, the SFC is held (button Hold), the
state change will be from RUN to HOLDING.
When theof
RUN
the only one, nothing will react on the state HOLDING, so
Default behavior
ansequencer
SFC isHold
the next program cycle the state will change from HOLDING to HELD.

SITRAIN
Basics Automatic Mode Control

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10.4.15

Sequencers reacting on changes of state

Sequencers reacting on changes of state


RUN > Holding
> Held
The following
picture illustrates the relationship between sequences and operating
states.
Sequencer RUN
Start condition RUN

Sequencer Holding
Start condition Holding

Sequencers reacting on changes of state


RUN > Holding > Held
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Basics Automatic Mode Control

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Sequencer RUN
Start condition RUN

Sequencer Resuming
Start condit. Resuming

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Basics Automatic Mode Control

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10.5

Sequences on the OS

10.5.1

Preparation in the ES
Block icons for SFCs are generated automatically during OS compilation always.

additional
SequencesAs
onanthe
OS option to the OS you can use SFC Visualization.
CompilationIt allows
and Block
Icons
you to monitor
and control SFCs on the OS in a very similar way as in SFC
editors test mode.

OS compilation

Block icon
for SFC

Create / update block icon mechanism

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Basics Automatic Mode Control
Compilation

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At OS compilation, have the proper check box set, which will allow you to have all the
relevant information transferred to the OS, including the creation of the pictures:

Block icons
In a similar way to OS relevant blocks in CFC, there can be representatives of SFC
charts being installed in pictures.

Operating SFC in Runtime


Steps in ES
User defined buttons
In Graphics designer: Use a Dynamic Wizard to link a button with an SFC visualization
object.
In Graphics designer: Use a Dynamic Wizard to link a button with an SFC visualization object.

User-defined
button

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10.5.2
Steps of in
SFC
operation
SFC operation
Runtime
in Runtime
User-defined
button

User-defined
button

Predefined button
in the 2nd key set

Block icon

Faceplate

SFC browser

Section

Overview

SFC operation in Runtime


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Sequencer properties
and start condition in
runtime

Separate
windows

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10.5.3

SFC MultiChart Control


A SFC MultiChart Control allows you to:
overview several sequences in one picture

SFC MultiChart Control


Section and Overview window of a SFC
browse to the
operate a SFC using
buttons on the control
Configuration in Graphics
Designer
Configuration in Graphics Designer

2
1
4

1. In the Object Palette, click the Standard" tab.


Select the object Control in the list.
SITRAIN
Basics Automatic Mode Control

2. Place the mouse pointer at the position in the picture where you want to insert the
control. The mouse pointer
into a crosshair with an object symbol
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attached.
3. Drag the control to the desired size with the mouse.
4. A list offering all registered ActiveX controls is opened.
Select the entry PCS 7 SFC Multichart Control.
The insertion process for the selected control is finished.

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If you do not stretch the frame to its complete size, not all the columns will be visible.
In this case, a horizontal scroll bar is inserted to enable you to scroll through the
contents in the visible area during runtime mode.

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SFC
MultiChart
PCS
7 System
Course

Control

Properties

Double click
5

Open the
SFC browser
5. Double-click the SFC MultiChart Control. The "Properties" dialog box opens.
SITRAIN
6. Open
Basics Automatic Mode Control

the "General" tab and


assign the desired SFCs to the control
or delete them
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from it.

7. Open the SFC browser.


8. Select the desired SFC and then close the dialog box with "OK". Repeat this
procedure for every SFC that you want to include in the SFC MultiChart Control. A
row is inserted for each SFC. This row includes the columns that provide SFC
information in runtime mode.

SFC MultiChart Control in Runtime


In the Runtime Window

Direct jump to
the step in
the faceplate
Operating the
selected SFC

Boxes for mode


controlling

SITRAIN PCS 7 Basic Automatic Mode Control


SIMATIC
Basics Automatic
Mode Control
Training
Documentation,
V1.00, ST-PCS7SYS

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Access to the
selected SFC

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PCS 7 System Course

SFC MultiChart Control in Runtime


SFC aborted

Waiting for Reset


or Start command.

SITRAIN
Basics Automatic Mode Control

10 - 26

10 - 38

Siemens AG 2012

See [305] SFC Visualization - Programming and Operating Manual - 12_2011, 5.13
for more details

SIMATIC PCS 7 Basic Automatic Mode Control


Training Documentation, V1.00, ST-PCS7SYS

PCS 7 System Course

10.6

SFC type

SFC type
The SFC chart is able to use direct access to addresses in CFC (block I/O).
SFC charts can be edited independently of each other.

SFC type

SFC

CFC

A SFC type is created beforehand in a chart folder (in library or directly related to AS
system).
Steps and transitions will have access to the SFC type its own interface.

Instances
An SFC instance is derived from an SFC type and initially has properties identical to
those of the SFC
control system only after
SFCtype. You have an executable sequential CFC
interconnecting the SFC instance with blocks and signals of basic automation in CFC
charts.

SFC type

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SFC type

SFC instance placed into a CFC chart

10 - 40

SFC instance placed into a CFC chart

By default, the interface of a SFC type is the same as the SFC external view, extended
by a number of SFC type specific parameters. Additionally, the user can configure more
parameters to create the application specific interface (characteristics).

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BATCH
SFC types can be configured to represent an Equipment Phase in a SIMATIC BATCH
application.

See [304] SFC for SIMATIC S7 - Programming and Operating Manual - 12_2011,
4.5.2 for more details

SIMATIC PCS 7 Basic Automatic Mode Control


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PCS 7 System Course

10.7

Task and checkpoint

Task: Holding and resuming


Goal
Preventing material flow when the sequence is held

Task: Holding and resuming


Checkpoint
Checkpoint

What else

could be done in probably more


sequencers to this SFC?

Task SFC Objects


Goal
Have additional ways to monitor and control the progress of the sequence changes of
state

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Basics Automatic Mode Control

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SIMATIC PCS 7 Basic Automatic Mode Control


Training Documentation, V1.00, ST-PCS7SYS

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