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Praise be to Allah SWT who has given grace, ease, and guidance so that the author
has completed the task of the English language with a discussion of hydroelectric power in
the form of paper.
In preparing this assignment or material, not a few obstacles that the author faced. But
the authors recognize that fluency in the preparation of this material is none other than the
help, encouragement and guidance, so that the constraints that face the writer persists.
Therefore, the authors thank:
- Mother Lecturer as a lecturer in the English language.
- Families who have given their support.
- Friends of Water Resources Engineering in 2010, and
- All parties who have helped solved this task.
Hopefully, this material can be useful, with humble compiler always expect criticism
and suggestions that are positive for the preparation of our next tasks can be better.
Author
TABLE OF CONTENS
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND
Man can not be separated from the water to meet daily needs, for example for
hydroelectric power. Hydropower has contributed much to the development of human welfare
since a few dozen centuries ago. At times between those times until the industrial revolution,
the flow of water and wind is the source of mechanical energy that can be used in addition to
energy generated from animal power. Development of energy use of water flowing then
developed in a sustainable manner as exemplified by the stunning design of water power in
the 1600s for the outer Versailles Paris, France. The system has a capacity equivalent to 56
kW of electrical energy.
Hydroelectric power is a system of generating electrical energy by utilizing the flow
of water which was then converted into electrical energy through a turbine and generator
rotation. The amount of power can be generated at a hydroelectric center depending on the
height where the water falls and water flow rates.
Hydroelectric generating large scale has well-developed and widely used. In the
estimate that 20% to 25% of large-scale water potential in the world has
developed.Hydroelectric generating large scale is most desirable source of energy based on
availability and flexibility of energy sources.
In Indonesia there are a lot of water potential is still untapped. Like the rivers large
and small in the various regions. This is a good opportunity for the development of electric
energy in the region, especially areas not reached by electricity. Therefore, the writer tries to
write a paper on "Hydroelectric Power."
CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION
3.
4.
Dam, the river serves to increase the water surface to create a high-falling
water.Besides saving water, the dam was also built with the aim to save
energy.
Turbine, the water fall style that encourages the propeller causing the turbine
to spin.Water turbine windmills mostly like, by replacing the function of the
wind push to play a propeller replaced the water to turn turbines. Furthermore
turbine energy change caused by the force fell kenetik water into mechanical
energy.
Generator, connected to the turbine through the teeth of the play so that when
the propeller rotates the turbine generator also rotates. The next generator
changes mechanical energy from the turbine into electrical
energy. Hydroelectric Power Generator at work as well as other generators.
Transmission lines, works to distribute electrical energy from hydropower to
homes and industrial center.
Economy
The major advantage of hydroelectricity is elimination of the cost of fuel. The
cost of operating a hydroelectric plant is nearly immune to increase in the cost of
fossil fuels such as oil, natural gas or coal, and no imports are needed.
Where a dam serves multiple purpose, a hydroelectric plant may be added
with relatively low construction cost, providing a useful revenue stream to offset
the cost of dam operation.
Use reservoir
Reservoirs created by hydroelectric schemes often provide facilities for water
sport, and become tourist attraction themselves. Large hydro dams can control
floods, which would otherwise affect people living downstream of the project.
Flow shortage
Changes in the amount of river flow will correlate with the amount of energy
produced by a dam. Lower river flows because of drought, climate change or
upstream dams and diversions will reduce the amount of live storage in a reservoir
therefore reducing the amount of water that can be used for hydroelectricity. The
result of diminished river flow can be power shortages in areas that depend
heavily on hydroelectric power.
Relocation
Another disadvantages of hydroelectric dams is the need to relocated the
people living where the reservoirs are planned. In many cases, no amount of
compensation can replace ancestral and cultural attachments to places that have
spiritual value to the displaced population. Additionally, historically and culturally
important sites can be flooded and lost.
Failure Hazard
Because large conventional dammed-hydro facilities hold back large volumes
of water, a failure due to poor construction, terrorism, or other causes can be
catastrophic to downriver settlements and infrastructure. Dam failures have been
some of the largest man-made disasters in history. Also, good design and
construction are not an adequate guarantee of safety.
Smaller dams and micro hydro facilities create less risk, but can form
continuing hazards even after they have been decommissioned.
CHAPTER III
CLOSING
3.1 CONCLUSION
Hydroelectric Power
BIBLIOGRAPHY
http://konversi.wordpress.com/2010/05/01/sekilas-mengenai-pembangkit-listrik-tenaga-airplta/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroelectricity