Solutions Manual Elements of Engineering Electromagnetics SIXTH EDITION Nannapaneni Narayana Rao University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign ese) ranted aera Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458Associate Editor: Alice Dworkin Supplements Editor: Carole Snyder Executive Managing Editor: Vince O’Brien Managing Editor: David A. George Production Editor: Barbara Till ‘Supplement Cover Manager: Daniel Sandin Manufacturing Buyer: Ilene Kahin © 2004, 2000, 1994, 1991, 1987, 1977 by Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Baw eres an All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher ‘The author and publisher of this book have used their best efforts in preparing this book. These efforts include the development, research, and testing of the theories and programs to determine their effectiveness. 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All recipients of this work are expected to abide by these restrictions and to honor the intended pedagogical purposes and the needs of ‘other instructors who rely on these materials Printed in the United States of America 10987654321 ISBN O-L3-147847-2 Pearson Education Ltd., London Pearson Education Australia Pty. Ltd, Sydney Pearson Education Singapore, Pte. Ltd Pearson Education North Asia Ltd., Hong Kong Pearson Education Canada, Ine., Toronto Pearson Educacién de Mexico, S.A. de CV. Pearson Edueation—Japan, Tokyo Pearson Education Malaysia, Pte. Ltd Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, New JerseyContents Part I 10 uw Part Il Preface Solutions to Drill Problems Vectors and Fields Maxwell's Equations in Integral Form Maxwell’s Equations in Differential Form, and Uniform Plane Waves in Free Space Fields and Waves in Material Media Electromagnetic Potentials and Topics for Circuits and Systems ‘Transmission-Line Essentials for Digital Electronics Transmission Lines for Communications Guided Wave Principles for Electronics and Optoelectronics Several Topics for Electronics and Photonics Principles of Radiation and Antennas Several Solution Techniques Solutions to Problems and Review Problems Vectors and Fields Maxwell's Equations in Integral Form Maxwell's Equations in Differential Form, and Uniform Plane Waves in Free Space Fields and Waves in Material Media Electromagnetic Potentials and Topics for Circuits and Systems Transmission-Line Essentials for Digital Electronics Transmission Lines for Communications o 16 25 35 53 80 89 98 106 115) 190 228 294 346 410Guided Wave Principles for Electronics and Optoelectronics 546 Several Topics for Electronics and Photonics 605 Principles of Radiation and Antennas onl Several Solution Techniques 720 ivPreface This manual contains complete solutions for all 158 drill (D) problems and 503 end-of-chapter problems (P and R) in Elements of Engineering Electromagnetics, Sixth Edition. Solutions to the drill problems are presented in part I, comprising pages 3 through 112. These solutions are arranged continuously, except for the yeginning of a new page for each chapter. For the end-of-chapter problems, the solutions are presented in part II, comprising pages 115 through 780. These solutions are arranged continuously, with each problem beginning on a new page. The author wishes to express his appreciation to Kelly Collier for word processing the entire manual for the previous edition and the new portions for this edition, with great care and patience. N. NARAYANA RAO Urbana, IllinoisPARTI SOLUTIONS TO DRILL PROBLEMSDLL (@) [A+C]=2%4x cos 60° =4 Direction is 60° west of north (b) |A-BI=5 (© BA+4B+3C| =2x 12x cos 75" = 6.212 Direction is 15° east of north @ B+(A-C) =3 x (2X 4 x cos 30°) x cos 60° = 10.392 Note also that Be(A-C)=BeA-B°C =3x4x cos 90°-3 x 4x cos 150° 0- 10.392) 10.392 © BxC =4x3x sin 150" into the paper = 6 units into the paper AXBxC) = 4x 6 x sin 90° toward west = 24 units directed westward DL2. (a) A+B-4C = (3+1-4)a, +(2+1-8)ay+(1-1-12)a3 0 = ~Sa;- 12a3 [A+B-4C|= J25+144 = 13 (b) A+2B-C = (3+2-1)a; +(2+2-2)ay +(1-2-3)a3, 4a; + 2ay - 4a3 4a; +2a)-4a3 _ 1, (2a) + a2 - 28 [bay +209 —4ag[ 3081 +92- 283) Unit vector =(©) AeC=3x1+2x2+1x3=10 ay @) Bxc=/7 = 5a, ~4ay + a3 D13. (a) BxC= Ax(Bx (b) CxA= a a a Bx(CxA)=|9 1 9 4-1 3 © AxB= 6a; + 6a) -3a3 a a) a Cx(@xB=]] 4 7 6 6 D14. (a) Vector drawn from P} to Pz = (B-Day + [1 - (lay + 0-2)a, = 2a, + Bay ~ 2a, (b) Vector drawn from P2 to P3 = (5~3)ay + (2-Day + (-2-O)a, = 2a, +a) ~2a, Straight line distance from P2 to P3 4= [Pay +ay- 2a =3 Vector drawn from P} to P3 = (5- Nay + [2—(-2)]ay + (2 - 2)a, = 4ap + day — day Unit vector along the line from Py to P3 4a, +4ay-4a, 1 - Leas fa +40, -4a,[ VS" Forx=3,y dr=0,dy=0 a dladzay Forx+y=0,y+z de+dy=0,dy+de=0 =~ de, de=- dy=dz = dza,-dzay+dz ay = (@x— ay +a) de dy _ dz 0-2 0-0" 1-0 dx =-2 dz, dy=0 A =-2deay+ deay = (2a; +a) de dx __dy __dz dy= dx, dz=0 yextCyz=O 2=14+C,2=0 Ci=1,@=0 Equation is y=x+1,2=0.DLT. D1. 0=0+C=0+@ C1=Q=0 Equation is x=y = 22. @ (b) © @ (@) (b) ‘Equation is 3x + 2y = 5, 3r—2z=1. (2, Snl6, 3) > (2.c0s Snl6, 2 sin 52/6, 3) = (-V3, 1, 3) (4, 4213, -1) > (4 cos 42/3, 4 sin 4/3, -1) = (-2, -2-/3,-1) (4, 2113, 1/6) > (4 sin 27/3 cos m/6, 4 sin 27/3 sin m6, 4 cos 22/3) = (3, V3, -2) (NB, 7/4, 213) + (/Bsin 2/4 cos n/3, -/8sin 1/4 sin 1/3, V/Bcos 2/4) = (1, V3, 2) re= V440 =2 tang= Sen 2,0.) 22,1) re= Vi¥3 =2© DL. (@) b) © D110. (a) (1,-¥3,-1) > (2, 53, -1) re= V242 =2 ,-2, 0) > (2, m2, 3n/2) ry= \OF344 24 3, V3, 2) > (4, 2/3, Smf6) y= V240+2 =2 =tan-t 20 _ 3a O= tant M240 = 3 C2. 0,-V2)— 2, 32/4, 2) T(x, y, z, 0) = Tol? + 422) Constant temperature surfaces are given by (x2 + 422) = constant, which are elliptic cylinders.D111. D112. ) © ) © (b) .5) = To(4x? + 4y2 + 422) Constant temperature surfaces are given by (x2 + y? + z2) = constant, which are spheres. " T(x y, 2 1) = Tole? + 16? + 422) Constant temperature surfaces are given by (x2 + 16)? +422) = constant, which are ellipsoids. F(1, 1, 0) = 2a +ay + 2a, Magnitude of F = [2a, +a) + 2a,|=3 Unit vector along F = 3(2a, +a, +2a,) FG 9, 2)=3% 4a, +2a, +9,)= 2a + 2a) +95 Bx-y=2,x+2=2,2y- Solving, we get x= 1, y=1, andz=1 The point is (1, 1, 1). FG, y, 2) = 3az Bx-y=0,x+z=0,2y-z=3 Solving, we get x= 0.6, y= 1.8, andz=- 0.6 The point is (0.6, 1.8, - 0.6). (1, 0, 0) — (1, 0, 0) F(1, 0, 0)= 4(cos 0a, + sin 0.a4)= (1-1, -3) > (V2, 77/4, -3) (2, 7214, -3) =4 ( a ae cos “Fa, +sin-F -L@,- = ay 80)© (1, ¥3,-4) > @, 23,4) FQ, 2/3, 4) =4 (cos Fa tsin Z ») 1 (a, +34) nia B5)-9(- Fat) 1 a, + ¥3a,) D113. (a) n=3 ane '=2——™*0__ 30° Sreg(ol3ay? “°° = 0.577 a N Direction away from the center of the polygon. (b) n=4 4m ss Fregelray °° Ane 4ne9(2a) (0.957 “aN Direction away from the center of the polygon. © n=6 4ne 4ne oa 4ne +2. 30° ‘neq l3aye °° F=2. cos 60° Direction away from the center of the polygon.D1.14. From computation similar to that in Ex. 1.6,for Q2 = 4m& C, (a) [Elo,0,1 =1.118(0.316a, + 0.949a,) = 0.353a, + 1.061a, (b) Coordinates of point at the end of the second step are (0.060, 0, 1.191). (©) Unit vector along E at the point in (b) = 0.264a, + 0.965a, D115. (a) Atthe point (0, 0, 0), e=[o = 0.01429 , ea? (b) At the point (0, 0, a), g-|__@ ____-Oa |, 4néq(a? +a2)32 Ameq(a? + a?)3 |"* ‘O(2a) 4n&9(a? + 4a2)32 0.05630 ea? i (©) Atthe point (0, 0, 3a), E-|__ 260) __ Greg(a? +9022 D116. From the given values of the electric field intensities at the points (3, 5, 1), (1,2, 3). and (3, 4, 5), we can write Fig @S1~PD-Pss)=0 of, st -Ps2~Pss=0 10Top 51+ Ps2- p33)=6 or, Psi + Ps2- ps3 = 128 Tay 51+ P82 ps)=4 or, = Psi + Ps2 + Ps3 = 8& Solving, we obtain (a) ps1 = 46 Cim? (B) ps2 = 66 Cim? (©) ps3=-2e Chm? Then @ Bha1-6 = oy CPs ~Ps- pss) Jl = (Ae - 6&0 + 2€0) =~ 4a, Vin DLI7. (@) a= a x{ Meda) z a - Hola dx a, Xa, ~ ay) saya =h dya, x{Hagess) Holly dx dy 8y20 . Hol dly X Ryo (b) dk) =h dy x( eo = yh, dy ay X(-a, tay) ha drag x MOR iS | = Hoh dy a, hr deayx( Mae) = — Halil dr dy 8y2nD118. Forx=2y=2?+2, dx=2 dy=2z dz d= (2zay + Zay +a,) dz (a) Atthe point (2, 1, 0), a,-2a, a=ka, B dF =1d\xB=Idea,x _ Ide 2a, +ay) =1S ety (b) At the point (3, 1.5, 1), ai Ga, +1.5ay—7.5a;) _ ie 125 (©) Atthe point (6, 3, 2), 3a, -6ay l= (4a, +2a,+a,) de, B= Ga, -6a dF = 1 d1xB=I(4a, +2a, +a,) dex" 21a Sty 30) DLA. F=qvxB= v4 xB 2a, +28, -2,) = PoP Fx 2a, +20, -a,) (@) Forx=y=~2z, de=dy=-2de1.20. N= de (2a, ~2ay +a,) de (2a, -2a, +,) v= 2090 (29, ~20, +0,) x 2a, +2ay—a,) = 0 IFl=0 (b) For4x=4y=z+9,4dr=4 dy=de a (gactgay +m) dl 1 Stagg errata F : oh (ay +ay +4a,) x (2a, +2a, -a,) = 20By =e (-9a, +9ay) n= SOP BIBI = 2705 (©) Forx=y=222,dr=dy=4z dz dl = (42a, +4zay +a,) de = (da, ~4ay +a,) dz di_ d= Jey a ay 8) F = DP ta, 4a, +8) x(2a, +24 a) = 2080 2g - = Sp ax 28) In] = LOR Ara = 0.1641 a8 (@ Atd,2,2), B= 40 [Jqa, Kay + 2Usoay X ay + (Isp) X 8] = Hol80 (2a, +20,)= nolsolay +8.) (b) At,-2,-D,B= "0 [Json, Xa, + 2Jsoaz X (ay) + (~Jsoaz) x (-8,)] J = 40380 (-20,) = -uolsom, (©) At(-2,1,-2), B= 2 [soa x (-a,) + 2Jsoay X ay + (“Jsoaz) X (-a,) J [Ysoae X (ax) + 2Igoas X Ay + (—Iso@x) X (ae = 20530 (-2ay +2a,) = HoJso(—@y +8.) Di21. F=q(E+vxB)=0 E=-vxB (@ E=-vw(ar-ay+a)x De, +2a, =- 7080 Ga, +3a,)=—vpBolay + a,) () E=-9(a,+a,+2a,)x “O(a, +2a,~2a,) = 20RD (60, +60, +3a,) = vpBy(2a, 22, (© Fory=-z= 2x, dy=-dz=2de ai=(-fa,-ay+a,) de Yo=%0 Sp = "2 (a, -2ay +2a,) Yo (-a, -2a, +20,) xB (a, +20, -2a,) D122. y%, -$- Few - 0,008 0,2) = Fo A-cos 2-2) Ey Oe PN (coesin co-t)= 22 sin wet B wee av= (@) a 4-0 BE (a-cos w)a, +sin ot ay] 1=0;v=0 F = gE ay + q(0X Boa) = qEoay = Re. +a) 2 F = qEoay +07Roae x Boa, =~ qBoayDAL [Ela,1, @ y=x,2=0 Al=O.lay + (1-1)? Tay = 0.la, + 0.21a, gE Al = 10 (a, +a,) * (O.1a, + 0.21ay) = 031 x 10-63 =0.31 WJ () 2+y?2=2,2=0 Al aac+ [Y2=(.0? 1 fay =0.1a,—0.1112a, gE + Al = 10~ (a; + ay) * (0.lay—0.1112ay) =- 0.0112 x 10-6 J=- 0.0112 pI © y=sin 0.5m, 2=0 Al=O.lay + (sin 0.557— Day = 0.lay - 0.0123a, gE Al = 10-(a, +ay) * (0.1ay— 0.0123ay) = 0.0877 x 10-6 J = 0.087 wl D22, (a) From(0,0,0)10 (2, 0,0), y=0,dl= dr ay F=0,F+d=0 JR-az=o (b) From (0, 2, 0) to (2, 2, 0) y=2,dl=dra, F=2(a, +a) Fedl=2a,+ay)*dray=2dx 2 [Ped=[2dr=4 3 (c) From (2, 0, 0) to (2, 2,0) x=2,dl=dyay F=y(a,+a) Fe dl=y(ay+a))+ dy ay=y dy 162 Jreazfyay=2 0 23. (Bla,2, 1) =2ar-ay (@) For the x= 1 plane, ay = #a,, AS= + 0.0014, [B+ AS|=|(2a,—ay) (+ 0.001a,)| = 2x 10-3 Wb (b) From Example 1.3, for the surface 2x? + y? = 6, og Ha Xd (ara) eS * aca, xax(a,-ay] ee 0.001 aS=2 SF ax +a) [B+ AS| =Oa-ap+[ Ma, +9)] = yx 103 Wo © As= 2 a, +a, +2a,) B+ AS| = @a,—ay)+ Mla, +a, +2a,) = 10-3 Wb D244. (a) x=0,a,=2a, A=0,A+dS=0 fA-as=o xezely (b) x=2,a,=4a, A =2(a, +2), dS = + dy day AsdS=2YUax+ay)*(tdydea)=22dyde 22 i |fAras|= [ frayaes 9-0 250 © y=O,a,=+tay Asx(ar+a),dS = dedrayAvdS =xlay+a,) * (dz de ay) = #x dr de 22 |faras|= J Jxdede=4 x=02=0 @ From(o), A+ dS =22 dx dz , 2 dx |faras|= [ Jaacae s02=0 2 = fxQ-x)dr 0 oF *3 D25. B= Bo(sin ar ay ~cos a ay) A (@) [B+ dS=Asinar < 5 fEedi=— 4 (Bp sin o*) c sy =-@By cos wt V () [Beas 5 1 1 4g sin ax 5B 008 a atk Lp cal or-® Jgosin (a 4) ferar-f[emerl4] 4 © JBras s = Bo sin ax + Bo cos at = 20 sin (we + 4)stamford = 2 eb cos( ar + D26. (a) B= Bota, a “a = Bois positive <. Induced emf is negative. (b) B= Bo cos (271 + 60°) a 2nBo sin (27 + 60°) is negative at t= 0 ay dt «+ Induced emf is positive. © ©. Induced emf is zero. D27. (a) w= Bocos at Zn 4 eB pcosar) ty = 2@Bo sin ot V (©) Forz=0.01, ¢= 1000%(0.01) = 107 ‘Thus the helical path has 5 turns. ve 5( <3.) cos ux = 589 cos ax emf (SB cosax) = 5wBo sin at V 1928, Forall cases, { D+ dS = D,(0.1) = 0.16 Ex a d dE, Ig= GJ Deas = Fi OleoE,) = 0.Le9=Fe 20.1 S (Eye) = OLepE gle — 276) =0.LepEo(l - 22)” (a) t=0 [g=0.1e9Eo A oi @ ys [a= O.LepEo(1 - el? = 0 (©) t=ls Iq = 0.1e9Bo(1 2) == Ole ley A 29. (@) -I+hs+ 4 $+ as=0 2 I+ h3-21=0 Ig =3A ) 1431+ 4 $D+as=0 4 da GPDedS=-41A 5 © -3I-by+ 4 $p-ds=0 4 a 7 = 7 = D+ dS= 31+ fps =31+31=61A % 202.10. D211. @) $D-as 3 = 10-6 +33(2x 10-6) + 8-106) = 3.3923 x 10-6C = 3.3923 uC ) fD-as s = 10-6 + (V2 +1)V3(2 x10-6) + 8(-10-6) = 1.3631 x 10-6 = 1.3631 uC © $D-ds c = 2y3(2x 10-6) +10(-10-6) 3.0718 x 10-6 C 0718 we Vi + Va+ Ys= Wo. Let yi be the smallest in all cases. (@) wit (Wi +a) + (Yi +24) = o> 31 + 3a= Yo Wi + (Wi +@)—(y) + 2a)=0> wi-a=0 Yo 6 wea <+ Smallest value is % yo. ae ial (>) Let WM? and WM 2a, where a > 0. Then 1 1 wmtqie =o o ae Le vi? OW a wtqt- @ wi? From (2), w+ -yeo 2ay, ayy (1 3ayy +202y? ) + (1 = 2ay1)- (1 - ay) =0 21D212. © (a) 2ady? - day, +1=0 4416-8 Seve aia ay= ‘Then from (1), Ys Vi - “Trae Jy * 1-202 Jy ~%° ‘Thus the required value is aE Letin yp =in yy + Ina. Then In ys =In y; +2Ina. ‘Thus, yo = yia and ys = ya". vit ay +a7y1 = Yo @ vita - ay =0 @) From (2),1+a-a2=0 or @-a-1=0 _ levied _ ae Then from (1), =—Yo__ vo “\" Tata |, in, oo z 14th 1 “3 5"0 At Qs, d0s_9 31-3 + FF 13 =51-31=21 2D213. Then at Q1, 1+n3+ Deo te a 1-21=-31Cls Ta aL (b) AtQ2, 1431+ a t a 4m -21Cls (©) From (a), current flowing from Q; to 03 =2/.A From symmetry considerations and Gauss’ law for the electric field in integral form, the displacement flux emanating from one side of the regular solid (@) Tetrahedron: Number of sides = 4 Volume = 0.11785a3 Flux from one side = po x 9417854" _ o,o295<%py (b) Cube: Number of sides = 6 Volume = a3 3 Flux from one side = pp = = 0.1667a3p9 (© Octahedron: Number of sides = 8 ‘Volume = 0.471403 = 0.0589a39 3 Flux from one side = po x 247142". 23p2i4, pHedl={J+as c 3 =JoX cross-sectional area of the wire ‘Then from symmetry, fated Nintber Faas Cross-sectional area of the wire ‘Number of sides (a) Equilateral triangle: ju one side 2 Area = 3.a?sin 60° Ba? o43302 Number of sides = 3 2 JHeat=J os 0.1443 Joa one side (b) Square: Area = a2 Number of sides = 4 2 fHediet = 0.25loa? one side (©) Octagon: 2 Area = 8 x $ tan 67.5" = 4.82840? ‘Number of sides = 8 2 JH dt = Jp $8842" — 0.603690 one side 24D3.1. E = Egos (67x 1081 27) ay Vim #, __ By ae % = -% = 2m sin (6m x 1081 — 2mz) Atr= 10-8 a = —2nq sin (61 - 272) = 2nEp sin 2m 33. @) () © $0, = Hoe X10, Hy __ Ds a a, x 108-2 Fen BP 2-20 x 1081 —ttge OIF (@) z=2,1=10%, 2 = ~2Hoe"! = - 0.7358Ho 253.4, 3.5. 3.6. © 2=3,22108, Bs 0 A= yay +xyay +a, Me Be cos rete all +29) @ avctt,-1), Bee Be Me ora ) c(t -4).% FM a1d-yeo x (© Atal 0, eB ates 3 J = Jo(2x + 2y +22) Ve B29 6J=-anfery+d 2637. 3.8. (@) At (0.02, 0.01, 0.01), 2 = 0.08 (b) At (0.02, -0.01, -0.01), Ea =0 Is (© At(-0.02,-0.01, 0.01), F = 0.047 A=(x2-4)ay (@) Atthe point (2,-3, 1): Curl meter rotates in the cw sense when placed with its axis along the axis. <. z-component of curl is positive. (b) At the point (0, 2, 4): Curl meter does not rotate when placed with its axis along the z-axis. . 2component of curl is zero. (©) Atthe point (-1, 2, -1): Curl meter rotates in the ccw sense when placed with its axis along the canis. =. z-component of curl is negative. A=(x-2P a y (@) tthe point (2, 4,3): 4 acted Balloon does not expand or contract. . Divergence is zero. v7 (b) Atthe point (1, 1,1): Yy Balloon contracts. | ni -. Divergence is negative. sth 77x (©) Atthe point (3, -1, 4): yp 2 bi + Balloon expands. 4 x & . Divergence is positive. a } aan 7D3. 3.10. VAs = Bay tay 2 oP & Qoe Seer fAedi={(VxA)-dS c Ss @) f vxA+ds=[ Vx A-da, s 5 =| as=2=4 Ss ) J vxArds=[ vxArdsa, 5 3 Ly -{ s-2(4) D 5 © J VxA-ds=[ vx A+da, 5 5 =f a5 = 5x( 225s s Azxay+yay +20; f AcdS=[ (V>A)dv=[ 3 dv=3f dv s v v v = 3x volume bounded by S (a) volume =13=1 fArds=3 s 1 ©) volume (fe) 2-2 ©D3. (@) (0.05y-1?= ( - a) p= 20ay mis &) ue 0020) =u (1+ 5) Vp=~50a, m/s z (©) cos (2% 108r~2nz) = cos [pe x 1o'(« - i) p= 108a, mis D312. fiz.) = 4('- aig) “Ai s- = for ao) @ 300,2) = (02-399) = f0, 0.5) =0.25A (b) 200, 0.4) = (0.04 + 559) = 0, 14) = 0.64 (© f(100, 0.5) = (0.05- 3) =f0,0)=0 & 6 aan = i+ ip) = (e+) = {0.14 355) (a) (200,02) = {0,02 + 799)3.14. 3.15. D3.16. = g(0, 2.2)=0.9A 300 ) 9(-300,34) = (0.34 - 39g) = 9(0,0.4)=0.4A © ¢(100,0.6) =f 06 + 199) = 90, 16)=A @) ores 73x10? 30x10" 15 x 107 Hz = 15 MHz >) = 2048 - 0.040 = gg 250m © 32108 = 12 x 106 Ha = 12 Mi © af Bie H=Ho 00s (61x 1081 + 27y) ay A/m. (a) In view of the argument (61 x 108 + 2ny) for the cosine function, the direction of propagation of the wave is the -y direction. Hence the required unit vector is ~ay. () He=0,y= +. The required unit vector is ay. = Hoa ay, the required unit (©) Since Ex H must be directed along ~ay, and ~a, X a vector is ~a,. For Jsq =~Kso sin wt ay, 2= 1/4 £0580 cos (wt fea, fore>4 En= q BD cos (+ fo forz< 30E=E\+Ep _ (1+ 2238 cos (wr fe) a, fore>4 (1 4) 2480 cos (ar + Be) ag forz<0 Amplitude of E forz> 44 _|1+k| Amplitude of E forz < #4 ~ |1-K] @ feels 9(1 + 2k +2) = 1- 2k + 82+ 20k+8=0 (2k+1k+2)=0 1 kz or-2 4 z [+k [i- ) 142k+2=9(1- 2+) 812 20k +8=0 (k= 1-2) =0 142k +2 = 49(1 -2k+ 2) 4842 — 100k + 48 = 0 (4k -3)(3k-4) =0 313.17. The two fields are equal in amplitude and differ in direction by 90°. The phase difference is ~2nz + 3mz, or mz. 3.18. (@) (b) © @ (a) (b) At (3, 4, 0), the phase difference is zero. F + Fis linearly polarized. At (3,2, 0.5), the phase difference is 0.57. F| + Fis circularly polarized. At (-2, 1, 1), the phase difference is 7. Fy + Fis linearly polarized. 3, 0.2), the phase difference is 0.2. At Fy + Fis elliptically polarized. F is linearly polarized if its components are in phase, or out of phase by 180°, that is, for values of o equal to 60° and 240". Y mm For a= 60°, F = 1 005 (at + 60°) ax + 1 cos (at + 60°) ay 45 The polarization is along a line lying in the first and third quadrants. For a= 240°, F = 1 cos (ct + 60°) ay + 1 cos (wt + 240°) ay = 1 cos (at + 60°) ay — 1 cos (a + 60" oa ‘The polarization is along a line lying in the Ss second and fourth quadrants, vr ‘Thus the required value of or is 240°. F is circularly polarized if its components are out of phase by 90°. Note that their amplitudes are equal and they are perpendicular in direction. ‘Thus the possible values of a between 0° and 360° are 150° and 330°. For a= 150°, F = 10s (ar + 60°) a; + 1 cos (ax + 150°) ay = 1 cos (x + 60°) ay — 1 sin (wr + 60°) ay e290" ‘The vector rotates from the +y-direction toward the +x-direction with time. For a= 330", F = 1 cos (ar + 60°) ay + 1 cos (wt +330") ay 32D3.19. 3.20. = Leos (at + 60°) ay + 1 sin (wt + 60°) ay The vector rotates from the +x-direction toward the +y-direction with time. ‘Thus the required value of avis 330°. (©) From part (), the required value of avis 150°. H=H, cos (61x 10't- 0.272) a, E=—ngly cos (62x 10't- 0.272) a, P=EX H= mH,’ cos’ (6x 10'r-0.2mz) a, (@) Instantaneous power flow across a surface of area 1 m* in the z= 0 plane atr=0 is dig = 1200 (b) Instantaneous power flow across a surface of area I m? in the z =0 plane at t= t psis ‘tg'H? cos? (7.51) 2,=0 (©) Time-average power flow across a surface of area 1 m? in the z = 0 plane is, < NH? cos’ 62x 10> = $ hl? = 607 H,? (@) A =< F(c0s2ax — cos4ar) > = $t-] =0 (b) = Ac cos? ar > ~0.5 Ac sin? 2ax > =0.5A< 1 + cos 2a" >-0.25 A< 1 -cos 4a > =0.5A-0.25A 254 (©) sin} at = sin we sin? ox 1-cos 2a io Le = sin a( 7 3 sin at — > sin ax cos 2x 33= } sin ax ~ f (sin 30x — sin ox) “2 = sin or 4 sin 30x siné or = (3 sino ~ 4 sin301)" 4 4 = i sin? ar + 3 sin? 3ar—3 sin or sin 30x = 7h sin? ax + sin? 300r+ 7% (cos dex — cos 200) 5 os 9.4 6 5 = 35435 = 75 = 74.20:31254 341_ O01 F204 103 am? D4.1. Be joed = 10? Alm (a) For copper, «= 5.8 x 107 Sim = 17.24 pVim (b) o =( bh + HeNel = (1700 + 3600) x 10-4 x 2.5 x 1019 x 1,6022 x 10-19 = 2.1229 Sim Jo 103 ete WW 3 Vim = B= Ea peg 108 Vim = 3.14 mVim 42. sm WILLD. D esp ess From charge neutrality in the slab, psi + ps2=0 @ For the electric field intensity inside the slab to be zero, Psa , Psi _ Ps2 _ Psp Beg * Ze 2&9 ~ 2e9~° oF, P51 ~ Ps2= PsB- PsA @ From (1) and (2), we obtain (@) psi= 5 (0s0~ Psa)() ps2= ps — Psp) D43. (a) D=psoa;= 10-6 a, C/m? _ _D _10-6x 36a © 4694x109 0) E a, = 90007 a, V/m .75 x 10-6 a, Chm? © D44. (a) E= Epa; Dz] [8 2 o}fo 0 D,|=£|2 5 O]] 0 |=) 0 DJ [0 0 9]|z 9Ep D=9e)Eoa; = 9&E Fett = 9E0; Eres = 9 () E=Eo(ax-2a,) Dz] [8 2 Of £ 4Eo Dy |=&|2 5 0) -2E |= eo] -8£0 p,| |o 0 4jL 0 0 D =4epFolas— 2ay) = 4e0E Fett = 480, Frege = 4 (© B= Boa; +ay) Dz] [8 2 0}[2E 18E9 D,|=&|2 5 0|| Eo |=&0| 9 D,| |o 0 4jLo 0 D = 9epEp(2ax + ay) = 969E eft = 90, Ereee = 9 45. (a) Number of revolutions per second = = 1000 103 Amount of charge passing per second = 1000 x 10-6 = 10-3 C 211034 362 ‘Area of the loop = (x07) = 10-6 m2 m= 103 x 10-6 a, = 10-9 a, A-m? (b) Area of the loop = (2 x 10-3)2 =2x 10-6 m? 1 =01A m =0.1x2x 10a, = 2x 10-7 a, A-m? (©) Area of the loop dav x10-9 xB x3 x10 B x 106m < Unit vector normal to the loop 1, ) BY = ea, +a, +a, gee tay tae kK 10 1 =01A x [3 1 m oaxeB x10 x-ffay +a, +a) = 5x 10° (ay + ay +a,) Am? (a) H=0.layxa,=0.la,A/m ) B= pH=100x4ax 107x019, ————— 7d =O, = 4x 10-6 a, Wo/m? a Mz 100, 4nx10-6a, ont, () M =——-H= 47x10 a, -9 1a, Sy © Ho ‘4m x10-7 = zs Oa; —0.1a,=9.9 a, Alm From computation as in Ex. 4.5, (0.00083 + j 0.00476) m=! @ 7 7 = 163.5499" Q 37(b) 7 = (77.84 + j 202.86) m1 6.34/20,99" 2 D487 =(0.05 +) 0.1) mr}, f= 106 Hz, p= no 6 = 2X10 510-6 = 62.83 m @) From77 = jou jou _ j2nx106 x4nx10-7 7 0.05+ 70.1 = 0827/90" ay 6 . = garTerea.aasr ~ 70-62 26.565" Amplitude of E_ ‘Amplitude of H = 70-622 (@) Phase difference between E and H = 26.565° = 0.1476 D49. H= Hoe cos (62x 1071-32) ay Vim Y=l+jv3 From7 7 = jou=j 62x 107 x 4x 10-7 = j24x?, qq itn? _ Unein® 1) 9, jnt6 1 Tei 22h 4: E= 12nHge* cos (6nx107 e+ a Alm 38P=EXxH = 12n2HBe2 cos{ 6 x 1071 ~ Ve +2) + ¢0s (61 x 1071/32) a, Wim? = 6n2He-22 [os Ecos (12mx107e - 28:+4)] a, Wim? (a) Instantaneous power flow across a surface of area 1 m? in the z = 0 plane at =O is 6n2H x 2cos = 102.57 H3 W (b) Time-average power flow across a surface of area 1 m? in the z = 0 plane is 6n2HG xcost = 51.2813 W (©) Time-average power flow across a surface of area 1 m? in the z= 1 plane is On2HBe-? x cost = 6.94 H3 W 4.10. (@)6, =16 no* _ 0.5 nd =05 = * Vio ~ Yio = 0.1581 m D412. (a) Ey = Eye cos (20x 105r— 0.472) ay Material is good conductor. () Ey = Bye * 1% 0g (2m x 1051 — 2x 10-32) ay @=2nx 10°, B= 2x 103 @ _2nx10-5 B 2nx10 Material is imperfect dielectric, since from (4.94) and (4.95) or from (4.110a) and (4.1100), 7B << 1 if o/we << 1. (©) E3=£ e°™ cos (20x 105t— 0.012) ay =10%<<1 a= 0.004, B= 0.01 =04 (not equal to 1 or << 1) Material is neither a good conductor nor an imperfect dielectric. 40D413. ps =a,*D iP if D pointing away from the surface ID| if D pointing toward the surface (@)_ D= Dp(a, ~ 2a, + 2a,)pointing away from the surface, p= |D|= [Dota —2ay + 2a,)| = 3D9 (b) D=Do(a, + V3a,) pointing toward the surface; ps=-[D| =-Dolax + V3a,)| =-2Do (©) D=Do(0.8a, + 0.6a,) pointing away from the surface; Ps=|[D| = |Do(0.8a, + 0.6a,)| = Do D414, Ey = Eo(2a; +a) Eg _ Dy le Fa - Paleo 5 @) Zh popes X70, €22ey 15 Ey _2 ©) Bas Tea TP eo Ey=Ey1 = Eo En= (Fa, +a) E_ Foysti 5 2 gy 72579 3 Bcd @ 2 260% 24 Dy ~ 3eqFy = 3 Ey 22,322 35 Ts D415. (a) Is=anxH Atr=0, 41HO, 0, 0+) = HoGay 4a) Is(0, 0, 0) = a X Ho(3ay— 4ay) zr70 Free Space = Ho(4az + 3ay) ese (b) H,(0, 0, 0+) = H;(0, 0, 0-) = 10H z<0 Hy(0, 0, 0+) = H,(0, 0,0-)=0 Bx{0,0, 0+) = Bx(0, 0, 0-) = 20j10H0 H{0, 0, 04) = BHO, 0, 4) = 20H + H(O, 0, 04) = 10Ho(a, + 2a,) B(O,0,0-) _ 204H(0, 0, 0-) © 50-0, 05) = “gH, 0,04) = 29 Hoyi0041 © T0Ho i+ 4 = 8,989 D416. (a) For o= 10-3 Sim, €= 6p, = wo, and f= 106 Hz, 7 = 86.547735.7825" 2 Thai _ 865477135.7825" -377 tn +m | 86.5477135.1825 +377 = 7306.7888 + {50.6053 _ 310.9345/170.633° © “GAT2112 + 750.6053 ~ ~450.0653/6.456" = 0.6909/164.177° % =1+T =1+0.6909/164.177" = 0.3353 + j 0.1884 = 0.3846/29.331" (b) For o=4 Sim, €= 804, 1 = yo, and f= 106 Hz, Fj = 1.405/44,968" 2 For o= 10-3 Sim, € = 80é, 4 = wo, and f= 10° Hz, 7 = 41.632/6,34" Q a241.632/6.34" — 1.405/ 44.968" F1.632/6.34 + 1.405/ 44.968 nm _ 40.3833+ 3.6044 _ 40.5438/5.1004" © G23714 + 75.5903 ~ 42.7386/7.5159 = 0,9486/-2.4155" % =14T =1+0.948622.4155° = 1.9478 - j 0.04 = L9482L177" par, r= i vel 2 __2 (@) ) © 4 feq/ey '*~ Te Jeg ey Fe aT 1 oes) ele 1- 1 1+ ele 3 4=2e/6 3DS.1. a= V(2x2 + 2y2 +22 [W(ax? +292 +23] _ 4xa, t4yay+2za, 2am, +2yay + 2a, © [ara +4yay +20] xa, +2yay +a, (a) At(2, 12,0), 22a, +2V2ay _ ay +ay ” [fia, +2Vday| VE (b) At(i,1,2), 2a,+2a,+2a, a, tayta, n= Ta, Fay 2a,]~ 3 © atc, ¥2,V2), 2a,+2V2ay+V2a, _ V2a, +2ay +a, on Ta, + 22a, + Va, | 7 (@) Maximum rate of increase of ©) = IV Ola, 4,12) = [Dray + 2yay + 2zad|, 4,12) = [6a + 8ay + 24a, =26 (b) Maximum rate of increase of 2 = IVa, 4,12) = le + 2ay + 2a, 4, 12) (©) Rate of increase of ©; along the direction of the maximum rate of increase of 2 Vo, =[vo,- [ ve he (a, +2a, +2a,) = (Gay + Bay + 24a,) 1 = H{6+16+48) = 234 44DS.3. (a) V2(x2yz3) Serv % x Zayed) + Zo (xy) = 2ye3 + 6x2yz » (es) s2(A] be) B84) 1 1. = Fain 9 sin g=0 ¥ (©) V2(r2cos @) -1afnea 1 dfe9 8 5 fede cos 0] wiawh[sn9 Hr? cos | 1 + pant e pr (72 e080) =12e,3 1a = Fr FOP 0080) + a HO =6.cos 8-2cos @ =4 cos 8 B DS4, Va-Vp =f Eedl A B = J (yar t2xay +3082) + (drag +dy ay +dea) 4 B =f yz d+ ody +xy dz slot (@) For AQ, 1, 1) and B(1, 4, 0.5), -Vp=2-2=0 45DSS. (@) All point charges are equidistant _ 1 40x _ 40ne9 (b) VG, 0,0) = SS vas 1 1 V(B.872, 0,0) = 10} Se » le 6x+25 4] (b) For A(2, 2, 2) and B(1, 1, 1), 8=-7V Va- Va (©) ForA(5, 1, 0.2) and B(1, 2, 3), Va-Vp=6-1=5V from any point on the z-axis. Therefore, the potential is equal to the sum of the three point charges divided by 4zepR where Ris the distance from one of the point charges to (0,0, 3.2). Thus the potential at (0, 0, 3.2) is zero. wal = 10) 2 a 2 6x+25 x45 ine x-3 1 Setting 4a 6x4 252 * GSE we have 2-3 a (2 6x4 2592 (FSF Noting that the potential is positive for x > 0 and negative for x <0, we look for a solution greater than zero, which satisfies this equation. Using a calculator, or a personal computer, we obtain x=3.872m =13155VDSs. (a) V= 7224 2 negr * Tae * ane ory =2\2, 1 ine) | 7” p24 2 DrdcosO + 1 V+ d+ 2rdcos8 12 = 2 }2,1(;, 02 24 he 3+4( 1G Memeo 2 Uf, 4a 42a H(t Goto) "| 5 abe fo +2.+ terms involving powers of 4 * Teor 474/3, DS.7. v=v¥o(3) forO 0 ~ |0.402A for b < 0 , Lowest value of d; = 0.0982. Lo Ret od = 0.3480 (b) Zp =(12-j24)Q Fy = (12=J24)- 60 _ ~48- 24 60 ~ 72=j24 2- G+ j) 10 A[ 33-0 (21)~2nn] for bz 0 (AI8 forb > 0 0 forb<0 +. Lowest value of ds=0 +a] 074A, D79. (a) d) =0, di. =348, Zp =0.3+j0.4 0u 1_a2 sin? dy, sin? 3 Since g’ <2, a match is possible. (b) dy =A/8, din = 34/8, Zp= 5 oR Fi = FAS) _ isinnl4+2cosd4 * cosm/4+ j2sinni4 = 241 _ (2+ fA j2) = 3 Since g' <2, a match is possible. (© dy=Al4, dig = SHB, Zp = 25-75 Yi =VA4) =ZR 225 1 1 sin” Bayz sin? 3 Since g’ > 2, a match is not possible. a lex? 2x Dro, Ref = CE InP = ae @ 7 =025+0 Ref = 20625=1 __96,1mT =0) © @) DIAL. (@) Zn=(.4-Jl.) 0) Fin= 70.55 ©) 0.064 2DIA. Fp = (0.5 + 0.65) (a) SWR=3.0 (b) Minimum SWR = 1.33 (©) Minimum SWR = 2.0 (3 QY BD213. (a) Zp=2+j2 (100 4) 100) \\ reward Genevator ==, Wj50_- a Ra=h+ py = ‘Minimum SWR = 1.63 dj = (0.162 + 0.042)A = 0.2042 74(b) Felt x50 =% x100 Bm 0.25% Minimum SWR = 1.30 dy = (0.5 -0.162)2 = 0.3382 18© (10045 100) = = (a 1> 2 = s9q00+ 7100) Eereies (22% 100) 22 % = (100 100), Locus of Zp is circle with x ‘Minimum SWR = 2.42 for % = 0.7 - j0.7 +. (2%) = ¥105(0.7-j0.7/100- j100) = 83.72 761+ Pp D7.14. Zin = @ 40 2 Tem 2 x (002/A) x 1632 (ala) x 163A [pg 2 XOXO. ARTE) XTC on [ae D652p—jl.20 = 60 Uefa 0.521(~-0.809 + j0.5878) T¥052N(-0.809 + j0.5878) = 60 1.4215 - j0.3062 05785 + j0.3062 = 60 14541= 12.1561" "065451278923" = 133,3018/-40,0484" = (102.04 - 785.77) Q = 60 ) ZZ =B LTR = 3600 ~ 4 = 735-3018/— 4000484 = 27.0064/40.0484" = (20.67 + j17.38) Q s Zp+Zptanhyt © Zi 207 anhjl+Zy 7 = 60 36+ (10204 ~ 85.77) 3002.04 = 785.77) + 60 = 6 138.04— j85.77 = 19122-75146 eae mou 131.69/- 23. = 74.05(-8.85° = (73.17 -f11.39)Q {oof -Fraf’] +251} 7= 1009. «. Bo=0 (a) Zp=1002,Te=0 TW) = Tpe-2ele-s2B = 0 SPC) > _ gral = 62x(10-2/A)x104 = 60.2 SPOS OM = CAMHS PAO = ol < P()> = 10€92 = 12.214 W z Tr 20-100 ) Zp = 200, Ty = Fa = -3 Dalle j2 fl = Feo er jl4MANLOA 5458)2] 2 1-6) < PL )> = 10 x 1.5436 = 15.436 W © Zp = 3000, Ty = ZPO—108 = 3 = 1.5436 tale 12 = be02—- M6108 SPM > _ 692[1~ (0.4094)2) _ ROS" rT 3556 < P(l >= 10 x 1.3556 = 13.556 W D716. 8From the (+) and (—) wave voltage variations along the line shown in the figure, (@) line voltage at '= 1.5 us at z= 50m = 5005 + Der!5 = 34.05 V (b) line voltage at r= 1.5 us at z= 75m 50e%75 +: 35 = 28.39 3 (© _ line voltage at r= 1.5 us at z= 100m =50e1 + Bet =24.53V 98.2. = 15 x 108 Hz = 150 MHz (b) B= (1.20, +0.9ay) B= nid + 081 = 1.50 = Bry = 1.50 3 x 108 = 4.57x 108 f Fp £2.25 x 108 Hz = 225 MHz 3x108 2B f= = 4.5 x 108 Hz = 450 MHz f= 150 Mil, €= 229, w= Ho = m{0.80, + 0.6ay + a,) Phase constant along the direction of the unit vector zy (3ax—4ay + 128,) 80= (0.88; + 0.6ay +a,)* 3 (Ga, -4ay + 12a,) = Wn “Ts” Apparent phase velocity along the direction of the unit vector a (Bay — 4ay + 12a) = w/phase constant in that direction = 24150106 x13 = Rt = 325 x 106 m/s = 3.25 x 108 m/s (@) Let the equation of the plane be ax + by +z =0. Then, since ag should be along V(ax + by +2), (aay + bay + ca,)|| (08a; + 0.6ay +22). Thus the required equation is 0.8 + 0.6y +z =0, or, 4x+3y+5z=0 83. a=3cm,€=&,U= Ho (@) f=6000 MHz, TE},9 mode For f= 6000 MHz, A= Sem ALS cos = = 3 O=cos-! 3 =33.56" (b) f= 15,000 MHz, TE}, mode For f= 15,000 MHz, = 2cm A 2 1 cos = = cos! $= 70.53" 812 2 Age aha oe sin” i= ai5P = 2.121 m ) f= 15,000 MHz, TEp,9 mode cos = AWA? E=40 sin} 20m sin 2x 10!0nt ay sin} 20mx = (sin 20mx)(sin? 207) =(onanm (1-898) = H(6in20mx —sin20m cos 40m) = ysin20m—1 (sin60m—sin 20m) 3 fe ysin20ne ~ Gin 607 E =30sin 20nrsin 1010m ay ~ 10 sin 60zsin 100m ay =30sin (3) sin 1010nr ay ~10 sin (3 3) sin 101072 ay ‘TE},9 mode with Ep = 30 and TE3,9 mode with Ep = -10 are excited. To check if they both propagate, we note that dre, )=2a= 10cm=0.1m 2 Ure, = 2st = 3000 Miz fale, 9 = 9000 Miz 0, Since f= 2x100n = 1010 Hz = 10,000 MHz is greater than both cutoff frequencies, both modes propagate. Thus (@) Ep for TE},9 mode = 30 V/m 82(b) Eo for TE2,9 mode = 0 (© Eo for TE3,9 mode = -10 Vim DBS. a=3 om, €= 6.256, n= Ho @ che, =2a=6em Lele, 412x108 2.x 109 Hz = 2000 MHz vy =e 16a, ? = B.~ [06a 7k = 2.0656 kag 83© @ = Ldap — B,= {2420 oxy = OH 16a - 1.40 0.2 Jka y= *Teéay — [O%ep ~ V0.6 - V0.4 F F 4071 [ky do _ 4g — = By = 2tB= 2(o— oo)k For @= 1.5a, vg = 2y(L509 ao) = 1.4142.fka & Then, sin a= {2 enttan a= ye lene fe fi=(eley Vex 84Ruling out the negative sign, we get 2. H = 0618 DB8. 1 = 369, €2 = 960, 1 = 1a = Ho, 6 sin @ = feb sin 61 = off sings at “M6 cos 6) = cos 45° = # Ey _p, = 12 608 & — m cos 6 © FZ HT> eos GF cos Oy _ Ve £08 6 ~ 6 08 6 Yer cos 0 + fey cos O ~ 4372-4576 _ V3-415 WBiz+Va5i6 | V3 +5 0.382 2 iv5 15 E_ _2m cos E = ty cos 6 + cos Oy =1+T,=0618 E, _ Th cos 6 — My cos OF ae isp ioe _ Ye 005 0 ~ ei cos 6 fen cos 0; + fe cos @ 85= 32-1576 _ 3-5 32 +1516 345 = 0.146 Alas 2m cos 6 E, => Ty cos 8 + m cos O =a+ mp Se =(1-0.146) ue =0854 x 3 = 0.662 asin? 60° - (1/2.25) ‘0s 60 0.75 — (1/2.25) = 1.1055 aah DB9. (a) (0) = Lowest value of t is given by tan [ fl@)] = g(6) = 1.1055 AO) = tan! 1.1055 = 0.26590 ad 7 jy cos 60° = 0.26592 d _ 0.2659 _ 9 3545 Io 07: sin? 75° - (1/2.25) cos 75 _ \OS30= 04 _ = 9258s 27009 (b) 3(@) = AG) = tan-! 2.7009 = 0.38710 Haws cos 75° = 0.38710 86© (0) =2.7009 The second lowest value of & is given by tan [re - 3 = @(0)) = 2.7009 fG) = 0.38712 + 0.52 = 0.88710 = 2.2852 (a) From a computer solution of (8.87), d 5 6- 5 for 5 = 2, 6) = 83.4278 Otyad = 21.5747 gt = 1.0927 (b) For £ = 5, = 87.2356" ayaa = 54.3295 et = 10368 (©) For $ 0.5, 6;= 68.745" aad = 4.9417 eft = 1.4047 87DB.11. (a) nj sin 6 =n9 sin A 6, = 35.26" () ng sin 65 = ng sin & _sin60" "3 singo" = 13 (© &=90°- @=30" 8.12, From (8.128), 2 _ Qm+Ag _ Qm+DAg *a= "Tanga 30 Xx0.05 Fe = Biss = Moran (@) Form =0, x= 1.456749 (6) For maximum value of m, 1.4567 V2m+1 <5 2m +1< 11.781 m=5 © Form=5, (Oe%q = 0.05 x 1.4567 V1 = 0.2416 From B;= 1 +4 a2x3)= Bocos 6, 5= 13.88" 88D9. (@) a=Sem,b=2.5cm, (dre, 9= 10cm = 3x108 _ 9 F< (fete, 9= eq = 3 * 10° Hz = 3000 MHz For 2= 4, felraa, y= V5U felre, 9 = V5 x 3000 MHz = 6708.20 MHz . Required propagating frequencies are 4000 and 6000 MHz. (b) a@=4.5cm,b=1.5 cm, e=4e dlrs, =9.em _ 115x108 . [felts = ZED" = 1.667 x 109 Hz = 1667 MHz = V10 x 1667 MHz = 5271.52 MHz For 2= 4, fom, = VOL Jehre,, . Required propagating frequencies are 2000 and 4000 MHz. (© a=6cm,b=6cm, =e (che, = 12¢m 3x108 [foley 9= “gig = 2-5 * 10° Hz = 2500 MHz For 2 = 1,{ felrwy., = V2U felre, 9= V2 x 2500 MHz = 3535.53 MHz ++ None of the frequencies propagate in TE modes only. D9.2. For f= 10,000 MHz, Ay = 3 cm and 22 = 1 cm (@) For TE},9 waves, A, = 8cm 1207 1 = = 406.672 i hi-os* y= Hoe use = 2 rs ‘Besecancer wee) = 0.2756 (b) For TE;,1 waves, Ac = 8/-/5 cm = 126.662 899.3. 1207 Tel = = 691.909 ose 407 na= = 130.882 OTR os _ (130.88 - 69190)? Re (pesos ) moto (©) For TMi,1 waves, Ac = 8/-V5 cm ‘gi = 1207 4/1 -| -(:8) = 205.412 gr = 40m -(¥)'= 120.660 120.66 - 205.41 ee (Bases de ae mone 3 108 (gh)? (hy) = 3015 x 108 3.x 108(dg)"+ (db) = 304/36 x 108 35108) + (+ (= 3050 x 108 1) +(2)'= 0.5 9-5 we 8 4) ee 2600 ic 2 a) +(a5 = 10,0)? = 3000 1)*= 3000 —_~ a a ge u 10> gy =0025m=2.5em 8 = 3000 - 500 = 2500 ae 90D9.4, DIS. fosc= 3 x 108 a=25cm,b=1cm,c=5Scm (@) Assuming the range of variation of @ within the guide to be 0 < $< m, we note that the boundary conditions to be satisfied are [El,.o= Enly. g= 0 for0* te f= 2.9618 fe = 7.4045 x 109 Hz = 7.4045 GHz For this value of f, 1 6 [mex A045 10? x 4 x 107? x 5.8 x 107 = 0.0768 x 10° m Minimum value of a 1+ (1/2.9618)? "58 x 107 x 0.0768 x 1075 x 0.03 x 60z x 9/1 ~ (12.9618 += 0.0047 '=5.om, air dielectric a= 2 foc se(8) +(8) | = 3x108 V2 3.7 x 108 He 2 0.05 6 z 1.015 x 10-6m Yar 2 x10? x 4 x10? x 58 x 107 = 78292 at 2 dat eaat Dat + 4a 93= EX 5.8107 x1.015x 10-6 x120n , VB a es Th = 16,434 (b) a=25¢cm,b=2cm,d=5 cm; airdielectic 12 = 3xno8[/_1_)? |)? Jose = || F035) *\ 0.05, = 3-5 x 10° Hz 1 = 0.807 x 106m © Ye x WS x10 x 4 X10? x 58x 107 = 2.2560, M= Ho V2 Dos = 2N2 x 109 Hz 1 = 1.243 x 106m b= Jax 22 X10 x 4 x 107 x 58 x 107 5.8107 x1.243x 10-6 x 800 2 = 13,417 @ ve FE way< 2.405 : 10 2 NA< 2.405% oy Maximum allowable NA = 0.3828 (b) NA= yn? nF < 0.3828 (nf =) < 0.1465 nk > (nf - 0.1465) m > us? 01465 94ng > 1.4503 Minimum allowable value of ng = 1.4503 (© m-n2=0.04 nf —nB = (ny +a)(my ~ m2) < 0.1465 0.1465 (ny +12) < “Biggm = 3.6625 n<3 esas 00 my < 1.8513 ‘Maximum allowable value of ny = 1.8513 1.46 x 10-14 D99. (a) nL + COE = 1.6384 0) Nendo SE = 1.63844 Ap eerie: 292x10-14 =1 292x104 6384+ Osx 10-82 = 1.7552 _ 8.76x10-14 % Da =f 9 = —_816x © (0.5x10-6)3 x3 x 108 = 23.36 x 10-4 s/m-m 9523.36 x10~4 x 1012 = km: 103x109, Psa = 2336 ps/km-nm D910. dg =5.1,n=4, = 60" = Th 608 ~ my cos @ n= Ror ¥ my cos O> _ £08 0; ~n.cos 6, * Gos 8; +n cos 6, _ 1-V61 © T+¥6r rol. -r? =- 0.773 * Pe aP ind wz © FP ax6.0347 0.253 =0.2113 _ 1h 608 8 ~ my cos ©) TH = Ty cos 8 ¥ m cos By “= £08 6, ~ n.c0s 6; = cos 8, +n cos 0;61-16 _ = 0.344 Ver +16 _ x0344 Pe Togeat = 1276 Aloe Ty 44 x1.226x 0.253 = 0.8665 D911. Ap = 0.633 pm, my = 1.594, ny = 1.599 @) 06-72 n—mylde= = 63.3X1.599 _ ‘Number of wavelengths = 0633 = 159.9 7D101. di=0.14,lo=40A (@) f= 10MHz, medium is free space A=30m, dl=3m = 0 ga, x3 Phe a a F107 * =6x107C-m (b) f= 100 kHz, medium is free space A= 3000 m, dl = 300m 4n =bae Wo 2x10? x 300 =6x103C-m (©) f=25 kHz, medium is sea water 9 At f= 25 KHz, we = 21x 25x 109 x 80x 42> = 1.11 x 10-4is < ee ry B qa @ GJ] 2 a ij li 5 0 3 ali os 30 0 o 15 1515, 1 2 0 =s]o o 1 -1 11 Thus Asay +2a Bza C=-a +an+a3 116P13, (a) FromC+C=(B-A)+(B-A), we obtain (2 =B2-BeA-A+B+A2 =Al+B2-2A+B =A? + B2-2AB cos (b) The required distance = & (x area of the triangle) 1 i (2x3xAxBsin a] [AL|BY sin a © [AHBi lA xB) iA-By 17P14, (a) Ae B=2m-m+2=0 m+2=0 (b) BxC=0 a) ap a3 m 1 -2|=(2+2m)ay + (-2-2m)ag + (m?— Ia (©) AsBxC=0 20 -m -1 m1 =2|=2(2 + 2m) - m(-2- 2m) — (m2 - 1) = 0 loom 2 m2+6m+5=0 (m+ 1m +5)=0 @ D+A=2m?— mi (m2 1) =0,m=41 D+B=m3+m-2=0 (m1)? + m +2) =0 118PL4, (continued) or, Dx(AxB)=0 4 ay mom 1 zo Qm+1 -m+4 24m? Also gives m = 1. 9PLS. (B-A) and (C-A) are along a straight line. wn + B-A)x(C-A)=0 > BxC-BxA-AXC+AxA=0 AXB+BxC+CxA=0 AXB isa vector having magnitude twice the area of the triangle formed by A and B and directed into the paper. BXC isa vector having magnitude twice the area of the triangle formed by B and C and directed into the paper. CXA isa vector having magnitude twice the area of the triangle formed by C and A and directed out of the paper. :. For the tips of A, B and C to lie along a straight line, (A xB +Bx C+CXA) must be equal to the null vector. 120P16. For the tips of the vectors A,B,C, and D to lie ina plane, the vectors (A -B),(A-C), and (A—D) must lie in a plane. > aa aw" The volume of the parallelepiped formed by (A ~B), (A ~ C), and (A—D) must be zero, Thus (A-B)*(A-C)x(A-D)=0 = 2a, and D = aj + 2a - 203, For A= ay, B= 2a, A-B=aj-2a A-C=ay-2a3 A-D=~2a7 +283 1 2 0 (A-B)*(A-O)x(A-D)=|1 0-2 0 2 2 =-44+440=0 + The answer is “yes.” 121PL. ay ay a3 (a) Ax(BxC) = A A, As (ByC3 — BaCp) (Bg, — ByC3) (BC ~— BC) = (A2B1C2 — A2B2C) — A3B3C] +A3B1C3)a1 + (A3B2C3 ~ A3B3C2 ~ A1B1 C2 +A1B2Ci)ar + (AyB3C1 ~ A1B1C3 ~A2B2C3 +42B3C2)a3 = (A1Ci + A2C2 + A3C3)Biay + (A1C) + A2C2 + A3C3)B2a2 (A1Bi +A2B2 +A3B3)Cia, + (A1C} + A2C2 + A3C3)B3a3, ~ (A1By + A2B2 + A3B3)Cra2 — (AB + ApB2 +A3B3)C3a3, =(A*C)B-(A*B)C (©) () Ax(BxC)+Bx (Cx A)+Cx(AXB) (A + C)B-(A*B)C + (B+ A)C-(B+C)A+(C*B)A-(C+A)B =0 (i) (Ax B)*(BxC)x (Cx A) =(AXB)*[BxC+AC-BxC+Ca) =(BxC+A)(AXB*C) =(AXB+ ©)? 122PLB. (a) BC = \(0-0) +(0-15)* +(-20-0) = is? +207 = V6i5 =25 (b) Vector from 4 to C= -12a,~20a, Vector from B to C= —I5ay-20a, Required component 400 = 35 =16 (©) Required perpendicular distance 123,P19, Equating the distance from (x2, y2, 22) to (xo, yo, 29) to the distance from (x1, y1, 21) to 0, 0 20), We have (72- x0 + 2-0? + (22 - 20)? = (1 - 20 + 1 ~ Yo? + (Z1 - 20)? or, 4 -2nx0 + ¥} - 2290 +2 - 2e220 =a} - 2 ty} - 20+ - 22120 Rearranging, we obtain faq — x1)0 + 2 - yLy0 + @2 ~ z1)z0) =(3 +93 +3)-G3 +9 +27) Similarly, equating the distances from (x3, y3, z3) to (x0, yo, 29) and from (2x4, y4, 24) to (20, yo, 0) to the distance from (x1, y1, 21) to (0, Yo, 20), simplifying, and rearranging, we obtain two more equations. Together, the three equations can be expressed as ™-% WN 2-A)/%0 3-4 BM 3 21)) Yo *4-% M4 N MH ~ USL, (Gaked)-UP of +e) =| (3 +y8 +B)- (xP +9? + 2?) (ah + yh + 2h) - (a? +»? +27), For the four points (1, 1, 4), (3, 3, 2), (2, 3, 3), and (3, 2, 3), this equation gives 2.2 2)fm] [4 ar 2 -1}/y}=]4 2 1 -t}Le} L4 Solving, we obtain the center point of the sphere to be (1, 1, 1). The radius is J0+0+3?, or, 3. 124P1.10. (a) For an arbitrary point (x, y, 2) on the plane, the vector from P to that point is (r-11). Thus the vectors A, B, and (r—ry) must lie on the plane. Hence, the condition is AXBe(r-r1)=0. (b) Let Pe (1, 1, 2). Then (c= Day + (y— Day + (@- 2a, ‘A-= Vector from P to (2, 2, 0) = ax +ay~ 2a, fector from P to (3,0, 1) The equation is given by 1 1 2 2 -1 -1 @-1) O-D @-2) —g424y-1-xt 1-22 +4-22y-242-D=0 xtytzad 125PLIL Forx+y=2,y=22, dx + dy=0,dy=22 de dt =—dy =—22 dz dl = dea, +dyay+dz a = -2e de ay + 22 de ay + de ay = (Dear 2eay tay) de (a) At the point (2, 0, 0), 2=0 Aad, (b) At the point (1, 1, 1), l= (-2ay + 2ay + a,) de (©) Atthe point (-2, 4, 2), 2=2 l= (- 4ay+4ay +a,) de 126At(L, 1,1), de=2dy=3 de d= dz Bay + 1Say+a,) Forx=y=2,de=dy=de, dl=dz (a; +ay+a,) ‘The required unit vector is 4 Gat ay +8,) X Gay + 1Say +05) [lar +ay +a,)x Ga, + 15a, +a,) ay —4ay +3a, + y TK 127113. Consider two curves on the surface zelLttyt=4-2=2 (curve 1) yol2+22=4-1=3 (curve 2) Forcurve |, dz =0,2rdr+2y dy =0 s-2drs dy=— 2 dro —de dh = dx ay— de ay =dx (ay) Forcurve 2, dy=0,2edr + 42.dz=0 x et de=— fdr =— 5dr aye dea, haeay=de(a ayxdy me fa, x diy (a,-ay)x(: 128PLAS. dh) =deay For2x+y=2, 2de+dy=0 dy=—2dx dh, = dea, +dy ay =dra,—2dray = (ay 2ay) de dS =4dhxdh = tdz a; x (@x—2ay) de = tay +ay) dr de 129PLAS. @) (b) AQ, 223, 1) 9 (1, V3, 1) B(2V3, n/6, -2) + (3, V3, -2) C(2, 516, 0) > (-V3, 1,0) ‘Volume of parallelepiped = Absolute value of 1 1 30 VB -2 “B10 = |2+V3(2v3)+6] =14 D(V3, 12, 2.5) > (0, V3, 2.5) Vector from A to B= 2a,— 3a, Vector from A to C = (-V3 — I)ay + (1 - V3)ay—ay Vector from A to D = —ay + 1.Say 2 o 3 (3-) -v3) =I -1 0 LS =3(1- ¥3)-3(1- V3) =0 +. D lies in the plane containing A, B, and C. 130PLIG. spherical Cartesian A(1, m2, 0) _ ACI, 0, 0) B(VB, m/4,73) = —> — BUI, V3,2) cA, 0,0) — =, 0,1) D(Vi2, 216,22) —+ — D(0, V3, 3) Vector from A to C= a + a,, say, Ry Vector from B to D = ~a, + a;, say, Ra Vector from A to B = ~/3ay + 2a,, say, R3 ‘Vector from C to D = Vay + 2a,, say, Rq R,=Rp and R3 =Rg ABDC is a parallelogram. Area =|R3 xR, | =| Bay + 2a,) x =| V3a, - 2a, + V3a, | rae = vid +a,)| 131PLI7. A = cos @ax+sin 9a = atza B =-sin ga, +cos gay C =-sin gay +cos day ay ay a (©) BxC = eet t 0 1 vB “2-7 ° =a 132PLI8, A =sin @cos $ a+ sin O sin $ ay+ cos Oa; T og E in Z sin Z x =sin § cos Fa, +sin F sin Fay +cos a, B =cos Bcos $a, + cos O sin ay- sin Oa, cos # x in = 00s $c0s 0 a, +008 F sin O ay —sin % a, 10 0 = 1 4B =O 3 °F 1 doo - 2-3 =—G 133P1.19. The spherical coordinates of (1, 1, V2) are res F142 =2 T+1 @=tant TE = ala eta! j= 4 Then in Z cos Z E cog E x a, = sin F cos 7 ay, +008 5 cos 7 ag —sin Fag oer aie 2 astZ vz * = sin ® sin 2 a, +cos Zsin = z a, = sin J sin J a,, +cos 5 sin F ag +cos Fag 13471.20, [are ~ Vag +382]. 55 5) = (cos $+ V3 sin g)ay + (sin ¢- V3 cos pay + 3az = (cos $+ Wisin Fae + (sin — cos = 2a, + 3a [an toa, c13.016) (3sin $ cos E- 8 cos ¥ cos % +sn Fag + (9sin sin J — 5 cos § sin F cos Fa, + (308 +5 sin Re “" =Tartray Vv = af-ya; + xay) (®) cylindrical: Vv =orcag (©) spherical: reag =rysin Bag V =arssin Oag Constant magnitude surfaces are cylinders having the z-axis as their axes. Direction lines are circles in the z = constant planes and centered on the z-axis. 140P1.26. (a) For (2ya;—xay), x dx + 2ydy=0,de=0 a(22+y?)=0,ae=0 Fy EM ae 2g St yPeCy2=@ For the point (1, 2, 3), and the equation is given by +2229, (b) For (xa; + yay+za,), Inx=Iny+In Cy =Inz+In Cp Inx=In Cyy=In Cz x= Ciy= Cx For the point (1, 2, 3), 1=2C,=3C2 C=h.0=4 and the direction line is given by 41PL27. For (sin ¢a,+cos pag), He tan dg, dz=0 Inr=-Incos + In Cy, z= C2 rein z= Inrein ag. 2= Co reos $= C1, z= C2 For the point (2, 2/3, 1), C1=2005 $=1, C2=1 and the direction line is given by cos $= 1, 142P128. For (2.cos 0a,~sin 829), dr___rd0 _rsinodo Teosd==sind= 0 M2 cora0, dp=0 Inr=~2Insin 6+ In Cy, 9= C2 In r+ In sin? @= In Cy, 6= C2 rsin? @= Ci, 9=C2 For the point (2, 2/4, m6), Cy=2sin? Ee and the direction line is given by rsin? 0=1.6= 143,1.29. From symmetry considerations, itis sufficient to consider one of the four charges, as shown in the figure. Thus the force on each Direction is away from the center of the tetrahedron:O 1 1 pi30. F = 4)-—1 a,41 5a, | @-ay * as ay® tor @ +a? 7 * = 4Q2)__ dA 49 @- ye * ra » B= 108% H Fe egy var the origin 145P131. (a) Fora solution to exist, a necessary (but not sufficient) condition is that there must be a point of intersection between the straight lines along the field vectors. Thus the two vectors Ej = (2a, + 2ay +a,) V/m at (2, 2, 3) and Ep = (ay + 2ay + 2a,) at (-1, 0, 3) must lie in a plane, or, the determinant 2 2 1 1 2 2 3°92 0 must be zero, Since it is equal to (-8 + 12-4) = 0, the two vectors do lie in a plane and hence there is a point of intersection. The equations of the two straight lines are 2-y _3-z or, x=y,x-2 Assuming a point charge @ at (-2, -2, 1), its value required to produce Ey is given by Ol4a, +4ay +2a,) 4ne9(16+16+ 4)? ir t+ Day + ay or, Q = 43218, Value of Q required to produce Ep is given by Ola, +2ay +2a,) way + Day +2, 4neg(+4+4) ne or, Q = 10878. Since the two values of Q are not the same, there is no solution to the problem. (b) Following in the same manner as in (a), we first check to see if Ey and Ea lie ina plane. Since 146P1.31. (continued) 2 1 2/=-6+44+2=0 o i = the two vectors do lie in a plane and hence there is a point of intersection. The equations of the two straight lines are =4 and the point of intersection is (3, 3, 2). Value of Q required to produce E; is given by O-2a, -2ay—a,) 4ne9 (44441)? a + Day +a, or, Q=-10878. Value of Q required to produce Ea is given by (-2a, ~ ay ~2a,) =2ay “neq (4+1+4) at By + Dae or, Q = -108769. Thus the solution is 1082p C at the point (3, 3, 2). 147P132, E,x7 ——2__,-__2___ Ane (-¥ cos 6) 4 (r+ $0 6 - Q(2rd cos 8) ® ood 9) sre(2-4 29 148,1.32. (continued) Eg =E+a9 Q Q 5 a. Fnegie Segre offsiné) o($sine) "Gaal tame d 4 sino) sin 8) sntglr—Feos 0) Aneor{r+ $0080) ~ —2 casi Fey n? Thus Ex FegpF 2008 Bar + sn 029) 149,1.33, Electric force on the point charge q . act +e —2_,, _2 - z+ Fi 4neq(a- 2)" 4neq(a zy = | ae - SMe Ane | (a +27)? (a2) | * ~- By, nega? * ‘The equation of motion of the charge q is & 3Qz ~4nega? 2 Pr, 302 9 dt? 4xegma> The solution subject to initial condition z = zp and 4 = 0 at t = Ois & a Thus the frequency of oscillation is 1 3Q 1°98 land 150PL34, x From geometrical considerations, the circular ring charge must lie parallel to the xy-plane and with its center on the z-axis. Then, with reference to the notation shown in the figure, and from the expression for the electric field due to a ring charge along its axis given in Ex. 1.7, we require that 10-5 =10° 4neq(a? +9?) 10-6(s +1) > =10° 4negla? + (s+ 1 P= Dividing (2) by (1), we then have a2 (s+12 ce) “eae | (eT Bapegsrl (sty? 5 was But from (1), 213 6 24 106s) _cgg2/3 ows (wets Cy Substituting (4) in (3), we have (9573 +2541 “(27° (9sy s 92B[(s + 1)23 - 528] =25 41 151 @ Q) (4)P134, (continued) Solving for s, we obtain 0.82707 ‘Then from (4), a = (953 = 1.76869 ‘Thus the circular ring charge is centered at (0, 0, 0.82707), with a radius of 1.76869 and parallel to the xy-plane. For any Q, (3) remains the same, but (4) becomes 213 gata (seas) =(9x108Q5)2/3 6) ‘Substituting (5) in (3), we have (9x10 Qs)! +25-+1 “(2)” (9 1080s) s (9 « 106Q) [(s + 1)? - 523] = 25+1 2s+1 0x 108M = TB =I Since s has to be greater than zero for both fields to be in the +z-direction, and the right side is a monotonically increasing function of s, the value of Q has to be greater than that that is, corresponding to s . 2s+1 ae laste | = 9x 1089 >1 Q>ZxIeC or FHC 152PL35. Because of the dependence of py on ¢ in the manner cos 9, there is only a negative x- ‘component of E at a point on the z-axis. = P0205 6208) gg, 4neg(a? +27) Pig acos 9 dé 4ney(a2 +22) sin @cos ¢ 2 = yO rar 008? $ do Sneq(a? +27) (Ex at" a La. = 4 I Elon. 2 _ ioe’ 2» © ela? +2272 [aro eas 2 12 ___ Puna? 6, sin29 = mtn $+ 4 | Pye “Feit DE 4e(a? +22 ** 153P1.36, (00,2) Using the procedure employed in Ex. 1.8, we have = (regi) 2ar dre [BI 0, 2) = “Aneg(r2 +e = —2mdr = yay & 154137, Because of zl dependence of pz, and symmetry about the origin, there is only an r-component of E at (r, @, 0). Considering two differential length elements symmetrically situated about the origin, we have 2p de (E40) ° Fpeg(rP ee = Aneoede or Qmeg(r? +27) 242 = _2nde = aye ma Qredz 0 (+e ole, 155P1.38, dz! af 2} From the result of Ex. 1.8, the field due to the thin slab of charge of thickness dz’ shown. in the figure is given by forz<-a for-aa 156PL.39, From symmetry considerations, itis sufficient to find the force on one element. Hence, we shall consider the element at (1, 0, 0). = 4, F=Bida, ) Ide ax(} a+fs) 9,3)? es) +. The force on each element is 0.046pi9(7 dz)? directed toward the origin. 1571.40. From Biot-Savart Law, _ My Idx ag _ ty 1AxR Bae an where R is the vector drawn from the current element to the point at which B is to be computed, (a) Forthe point (2, -1, 3), R =(2- Lay + (-1 + 2)ay + (3 —2)ay =artay tay pe Idx (ay +ay)X (a, tay +a,) oo Gy I dx = EOE axa) (b) For the point (2, -3, 4), R =(2- lay + (-3 + 2)ay + (4—2)a, ayy + 2ay (©) For the point (3, 0, 2), R =(3- lar + (0+ 2)ay + (2-2), ay + 2ay by 1 dx (ay +ay)X (2a, +2ay) «sy 158PL41, (a) Since the magnetic field due to an ) infinitely long filamentary wire is circular surrounding the wire, the wire must be in a plane perpendicular to the field at the point under consideration. ‘Thus for By = 10~ay Wo/m? at (3, 0, 0), the wire must lie in the plane y= 0, and for Bz = -10"’a, Wo/m? at (0, 4, 0), the wire must lie in the x = 0 plane. Therefore the wire must lie atthe intersection of these two planes, which is the z-axis. Let the current be / in the +z-direction. Then Hol 4, By= fitsay=107ay or IISA I Br= ty (-as) -107a, or, [=2A Since the two values are not the same, there is no solution to the problem. By inspection, plane normal to By is y=, and plane normal to By is x =0. Therefore the wire must lie along the line x= 0, y= z. Let the current be Fin the direction of increasing z. Then or, J=0.5A Y B= SO Ga * 2a) * ew? or, [=05A, e B10 Cay Ba) Since the two values of Fare the same, the solution is = 0.5 A along the wire having the orientation x =0, y =z. 159. (a) Qn Qn ca ) ‘As shown in the figure, for currents flowing in opposite senses, the force is one of repulsion, and for currents flowing in the same sense, itis one of atraction. Hence, the currents must be in the same sense. (b) Since d ©, a — 0 and a2 > 7, wr 1a Ba HO 11 cjay= FO ay which is the same as that for the infinitely long, straight wire. 163PLS, (a) From symmetry considerations, itis sufficient to find B due to one side and multiply by 4. Thus, 164P1.46, From geometrical considerations of magnetic field due to an infinitely long, straight wire, the two wires must be symmetrically situated about the y-axis with the currents flowing as shown in the figure. With reference to the notation shown in the figure, the magnetic flux density at (0, 1, 0) is given by plot By cos ora, 2nd? + * Hold +4, am ay= 10a, nd? +57)” a or, Ald ee 1 @ +5?) ® Likewise, the magnetic flux density at (0, 2, 0) is given by id = ay =0.5 x 10%, ad? +(s+1)7) ” cd or, Ald => 0S (2) P+ (541 ° Dividing (1) by (2), we have 1651.46, (continued) 2 4(s+1? P+s @+s2-25-1=0 QB) d= ys? +2541 @ From (1), we have for J P+ stadd (6) Using (3) and (4), we then can write s+1= 4y +2541 (6) 452 +45 + 1 =-1657 + 325 + 16 M 205? 285 - 15=0 g = 284 ,/28? +1200 = 2844.54 =a = 1.8136 or -0.41355, The corresponding values of d are d= 1.1567, 0.0432 ‘Thus for I= 1 A, the wires must pass through the pair of points (+ 1.1567, -0.8136, 0) or through the pair of points (+ 0.0432, 1.41355, 0). For any 1, we have in the place of (5) and (6), P+ staid (8) 2s+1= 4s? +2541 o 1661.46. (continued) 4s? + 4y + 1 =-16Ps? + 32Ps + 16P (4+ 16P)s? + (4-32P)s + (1-16P)=0 For a solution to exist, (4-321)? ~ 4(4 + 16) (1 - 16/7) must be 20 (1-87)? - (1447) (1-167) 20 1-167 + 6474 (1 - 127-647) 20 1284 -4P >0 Pes 120.1768 +. There is a minimum value of / equal to 0.1768 A, below which there is no solution to the design problem. 167147, Letthe current densities on the sheets be Js1, Jsz, and Js3 on the x= 0, y= 0, and z=0 planes, respectively. Then, BIg, x ag +Isq X ay +Is3 Xa) = 3Boay a 2D (Ig) Xa, —Ioq Kay +Is3 Xa) = Bo-ar+2a,) 2) B (dg, Kay +Is2 X ay —Js3 X 8,) = Bola +2a) 3) ()-@) 40x ay= 2 (4a, -2a,) @ Ho ()-@) 99a, 2 a, -2a,) 6) 2x()-@)-@) Is xap= BP a, +2a,) (@) At(-6,-2,-3), Z (Isi X Ay —Isg X ay —Is3 x = By 2,3) =3Bome 0b) ALC4,-5, 7), (Is, X ay -Isn X ay +53 X8,) =-B 3, 9,4) = ~Bo(ax + 2ay) B= (ds; xa, —Jso X ay -Js3 X,) = BB (a, +28) ~ (ax 28) - Car-2a)] = Bo(-3ay + 2ay + 2a,) 1681.48, Joaz ~Jom, 0 otherwise for y<-a ft tecay lya-a for y<-a HoIoar ZI (Hy — a ya) =—UoJoly + aay Je Hot0e a+ y— a+ y)= Mololy~ aa, Holts a+ a)=0 for y>a (MoJo(\-a)a, for|yjsa 0 otherwise 169 for-a qv2- WD) xB=F2-Fi “ (3)- (1) > g(v3- vi) XB = F3—Fy © From (4) and (5), B is perpendicular to both (F2 - F}) and (F3 — F)). Hence we can write B =K®.-Fy)x (®—-Fi) = KP) X Fy + Fy x F3 + F3 XF) =kA provided (F2 ~F}) and (F3 - F}) are not collinear, that is, A # 0. Substituting in (4), we get ghv2—¥1) X KA = (F2- Fy) pet BAK © W.-W) XA . ‘Thus F)-Fy Be ola-vxa|* 172PLS2, From Lorentz force equation, gE + qvoax XB = gE (ay —ay + az) ) gE + qvoay XB = qEo(ay gE + qvoazx B=0 (2) - (1) gives volay ~ 8) x B = -2E a, (2)-(G) gives olay — a2) X B= Eo(ay~ay—a,) From (4) and (5), B= Ca, x (a; ay where Cis a constant, Substituting (6) in (4), we obtain voClay — 8p) X (ae + as) = —2E 0m or C= oBs 2 (ay +ay) Then from (3), E =-va;x B = Eo(ax- ay) 173, 12) = Clax + ay) a 2 @) S) ©P1.53. From Lorentz force equation, Fi, =4E + qa xB=0 a F)= gE + qvoayXB=0 2) F3 = gE + qvo(ax+2a)x B= got, ® (a) (1) +2x (2)-@) > 2gE = -gEoa, akgeghs a (b) Fs = gE + quart a) xB = (gE + qvoar XB) + (gE + qvoay XB) - gE =F +F,-Fy (© Fo =gE+ 9“) Ga, tay) 1 = 3 (q+ vpn, XB) +4 GE+ qa XB) 3 1 =qRhitqh 0 u 174PLS4. Constant velocity equal to initial velocity means no acceleration and hence F is zero. Thus E+ qv xB=0 a qh+qv.xB=0 Q Multiplying Eq. (1) by m and Eq. (2) by n and adding them and then dividing by (m+n), provided (m +1) 2 0, we have (m+ n)gE + q(mv, XB + nv) XB) men mvj +n, y Bog or gE +g mam seh init + Thus when released with inital velocity "“1—7"2., the test charge moves with constant velocity equal to that value. 175,RL =D, then F is perpendicular to both C and D. Therefore, let WAXF=C and Bx F=mC xD. Substituting then in one of the equations, we have mA x(CxD)= m[(A + D)C - (A+ C)D]=C . -_t Since A* C= 0,m= a5 pe oxD “FSD Similarly, using the second equation, mB x (CxD)=D m{((B + D)C- (B+ C)D]=D i eee Since B+ D=0,m=- gre cxD Bec 1, ay), and D= (Gay. For A = (ay + ay), B= (a; + 2ay-2a,), C= ay ay ay cxp=|! 1 | o2a+2ay +a 6 -5 2 AsD=1(6)+1¢-5)=1 BeC=1(1)+2C1) F=2a,+2ay +a, 176R12. (a) From the construction shown, it can be seen that (A —B) and (A ~ C) are two vectors in the plane determined by the tips of A, B, and C. *. Unit vector normal to the plane is, p= (ATBX(A=©) " [(A=B)x(A-©)| But (A-B)x (A-C)=AXA-BXA-AXC+BxC xB+BxC+CxA Shortest distance from the common point to the plane = Perpendicular distance from the common point to the plane wtAvag)=| Ae AXBEBXC+CXA, [AXB+BxC+CxAl AcAxB+AeBxC+AeCxA [AxB+BxC+CxAl __AeBx ~ [AXB+BxC+Cxal () (V3, 3,2) > (/I2, #2, 2) in cylindrical coordinates — (4, 7/3, 7/3) in spherical coordinates C = 43a, -V3ag +229) 17R12. (continued) 3] (ea Fon Sa, run fan $a, me) (con § cos £0, +00 in Ea, ~sinE 178R13. Let us assume the center of the sphere of radius unity to be at the origin, one of the vertices of the equilateral tetrahedron to be on the z-axis, one of the other three vertices to be in the 2z-plane, and the angle subtended at the center of the tetrahedron (the origin) by one of its edges to be a. Then the vertices of the tetrahedron are given in spherical coordinates by (1. 0. 0), (1. 0). (1, «, 2/3), and (1, a, 47/3). In Cartesian coordinates, these are (0, 0, 1), (sin @, 0, cos @), (~1/2 sin a, 3/2 sin a, cos a), and (-1/2 sin a, ~ -/3/2 sin a, cos @). For an equilateral tetrahedron, all edges are equal in length. Therefore, setting the distance from (0, 0, 1) to (sin or, 0, cos @) equal to the distance from (-1/2 sin a, /3/2 sin a, cos @) to (sin @, 0, cos @#), we have |sin o a, + (cos @ ~ 1a, G sin? ort 3 sin? sin? @ +. cos? @+ 1-2 cos 2~2.c08 a= 3(1 ~ cos? @) 3.cos? a-2cos a-1=0 24/02 1 1 Metts cos a Ruling out 1, we get cos or=— 3 Edge length = /2=De0sa Radius of the largest sphere that can be fit inside the tetrahedron = Distance from the origin to one of the sides of the tetrahedron 1 cos (180° - @) 179RL3. (continued) Note that the expression in part (a) of Problem R1.2 can also be used by considering three vectors from the origin to three of the vertices, say, (1, 0, 0), (1, a0), and (1, of 27273), of the tetrahedron, Thus, let A =a B =sin aa, +008 aa,= 8 a,-1a, w2, 46 apart pay ic IAXB+BxC+CxAl _ (95, 288, = Vert Sr * ar 3 a1 JAsBxC] - 1 [AxB+BxC+ Cxa] ~ 3 same as the answer obtained above. 180RL4. (a) The direction of movement ofthe observer is always along ag + ag, because ag is southward and ag is eastward, and hence ag + ag, which bisects ag and ag is southeastward. Therefore, the direction line is given by ad@_asin@d@ T ae ang = 4% intan $294 Since the starting point is (4. 0), Intan F=0+C,01,C=0 a for y<-a | a, for-aa 0 for y<-a Holo (a? —y?)a, for-aa 188R19, For the test charge to move with constant velocity, F=qE+qvxB=0 2 E+vxB=0 Substituting E = Eo (2a, + ay ~2a,), v= vp(2ay—2ay +a,), and B= Broa; + Byoay + Beoaz, we have Fo(2a,+a,-2a,)+yy| 2-2 1 |=0 Bro By Bo or, 2Ep + vo(-2Beo-Byg) = 0 Eo + vo(Bx0 - 2B) = 0 ~2E9 + vo(2By0 + 2By0) =0 or, 290 28on 0 Byo-2Bg=- 2 Q) Bro + Byo = 2 @) We note, however, Eq. (3) is not independent of Eqs. (1) and (2), since adding (1) and (2) gives (3). Therefore, the given information is not sufficient to find uniquely Bo, Byo and By, and we need another independent equation, which is provided by the additional condition that v is perpendicular to B. Thus v*B= vo(2ay—2ay +a,) * (Boas + Body + B98) =0 or, 2Byo ~ 2Byo +B = 0 @ Solving (1), (2), and (4), we obtain 189P21. (a) (b) Pe yar— aay t+ xa, xsysz, dr=dy=d d=draz+dray+dra, Pe aa,—xay tra Fedl=xdr—xde+xds=xdr LD es ae (eae [22] 1 ean? 4 foae-[Z] of ty = 322 de xsyezh de l= 32? de ay + 322 de ay +z a, ‘ay — zy + Bay Be dl = (325-323 + 23) de = (325 — 223) de a) 1 6 ty Fedl= [325-223 BLL). loon®*4 foe 22)de=|5_—F| =0P22, Fedl = (xyay+yeay + zxa,) * (dx ay +dy ay +de a) =aydr+ yedy tarde From (0, 0,0) to (1, 1, 1), xaysadr=dy=de Fedl=x2detx2dx +22 dx = 32 dx aay) 1. 1 Soco® sl [3x7 de =[x From (1, 1, 1) to(1, 1,0), yeldr=dy=0 Fedl=0+0+zde =zdz LLO Dae 2P aun? am feae=|] From (1, 1, 0) to (0,0, 0), y=4,2=0;dy=dzx,dz=0 xs Rie Fedl=x2 dr +0+0=x2 de (0,0,0) 0 3p fi Peal [22 de =| Es a.1.0) h oh le of Fedl=1-3-3=% 191P23, Fedl = (cos ya,—xsin yay) * (dea; dy ay +dz a) = cos y dx—x:sin y dy (a) Equation for the straight line path from (0, 0, 0) to (1, 27, 1) is y= m= 2m ody = nde = 2ndz F + dl = cos 2a de — 2m sin 2m dx am) 1 - f. Fed) = f (cos 2x dx ~2nx sin 2x dx) X0,0,0) hn = [xc0s 2x] 1 a Fedl= 7 c0s y cos 7 dy-sin 3 sin ydy 2" ea — PAL PI ) Sao? al =f (420s.yeos3-sin sin dy pe = x cos y sin (© Fedl=cosy dex ssiny dy = d(xcos y) 1.2) (2m) i Dea = ("2 G02 cosy) (0.0,0) 0.0.0) . (1.2.1) = [+08 916.00) = (1) (cos 2m) - (0) (cos 0) -0 sl The vector field is conservative, since in view of (c), the line integral between any two points (x1, y1+ 21) and (x2, y2 22) is given by [cos yI{%2")2"29) = x9 cos y2—x1 608 YI, and is independent of the path. 192P24, A=2rsin a, + rag + za, From (0, 0, 0) to (1, 0, 0), z G72, 9=0,2=0; do=de=0 dl=dra,, A= rag A+di=0 T x Jarazo nic From (1, 0, 0) to (1, 2/2, 0), 250; dr=d: A= 1 dag, A=2sin oa, + ay A-dl=d¢ fara=["ap=2 From (1, 7/2, 0) to (1, 2/2, d, @=22,r=1; de=dr=0 i= de a, A = 2r ay + 99+ 20; Asdl=zdz fara=[iede=t From (1, 2/2, 1) to (0, 0, 0), 2. 9= m2, dr= dz, db=0 r i= dr a, + dr a, A= 2r a, + Pag + ray Asdl=2rdr+rdr=3rdr 193PLS. A=e- (cos Oa,+sin Bag) +rsin Bag d=dra,+rd@ag+rsin 0dpag (a) 6=0,6=0;d0=do=0 Aseta, ° di=dra, Asdlsetdr y eae 0,0,0) ‘Acdl= fer dr (b) r=2, 9= mid; dr=dg=0 A= (cos Oa,+sin @ag) +2 sin Bag z 2 d=2d0.6 Av dl=2e sin Odo y QRH), pI aa, ears Avdl= [°° 2e7 sin a0 x as, =2e?[-cos 0%!” = 2"? (©) r=2, 0= 26; dr=d0=0 Ave? (Bacdao}ray d= doag A+di=do 2, 16,12) faneo 2, 16,0) 194P26. A=x2yzay+ Pommy + 222yaz Forx=0,y=0,2=0,A=0 Jaras=o Forz=1, A = yaax + yPzmy + 2 dS =dydza, Pyay + yPxmy tryay dS =dedyay AcdS =xydxdy faces =i aearnd 1 = 6 AedS = Jylyle ve f,AedS 04040494 g4g= 3 a 195P27. A= (x2y + 2)ay + Bay 2xyzm; Forx=0,dS =-dy dz ay, A= 2a; + 3ay -2dy de fo oleig Devae=-12 A-dS JAras For y= 0, dS =-dz dx ay, A= 2a + 3ay AsdS=-3dedx For z= 0, dS =—de dy a;, A= (2) + 2)ay + Bay A+dS=0 faras=o For x= 1, dS = dy de ay, A=( y+ 2)y-+ 3ay — 2yzm AsdS=(y+2)dyde Jaras=[ of, 0+ 2drde=18 For y= 2, dS = de de ay, A = (222+ 2)ay + Say — dxzay AsdS=3 dede Jaras=f. off, 3deadc=9 For z = 3, dS = dx dy az, A = (x2y+ 2)ay + 3ay — 6xya; AdS=~6 xy dedy Jaras=[- ofl. Omdrdy=—6 2f,AedS =-12-9 40+ 18+9-6=0 196P28. A=rcos¢ar—rsin dag For d=0, A =ra, 2A dS =-drdeag y Asds =0 Jaras =0 For $= 2/2, A =-rag z dS =drdzay * AvdS =-rdrdz fares =—Llafng rérden—2 Forr=2, A =2cos da,—2sin pag dS =2dpdea, AsdS =4c0s 6dpde xl2 [polyno 4008 040 de=4 faces = For 2=0, dS =-rdr dpa, A+ dS =0, [A+dS =0 Forz=1,d8=rdrda,,A+dS=0, [A+dS =0 nfjhedS =0-2444040=2 197A=Pa,+rsin 0ag For $=0,dS=-rdr dag A=/a,+rsinOag A+dS=0 faras =0 For $,d8=rdr day A= a,+rsin Gag A+dS=0 faras =o For = $,d8 =r sin F dr dpag=rdrdoag A=ra,+ rag AvdS=Pdrdg Jaras= fl, [por ardo=E For r= 1, dS =(1)?sin 040 dpa, =sin 6d0d6a, A=a,+sin @ag A+dS =sin 6d0do faras= Sore [iin 0 d0do~ 5 4,22 sf Ard = 0404 E45 = 198, o() B=Bosin = cos ara, dS = dx dy a [Beas 5 Io Bo sin = cos ax dx dy =Bypcos or. £[-cos =] | = 2 caso 199Poi. [Beas re ee pe fey Bae |e = Bob[ In a = Bobt In (xq + a) — In x9] d fEra= -G [Bes =~ A {Bobt in (%p +2)—In x9]} . 1 1) dx =30(gsa-4) = tt = Bobvo (5 %0 =a) From the motional emf concept, the induced emf is ( 2 b- zz?) which agrees with the above result. 200P2A2 B= Bp cos n(x vo!) ay (@ [Beas rp f By 00s x= vot) ay * dz dx ay Boces ma ryp ded 5 & [sin a(e— vp 5 a [sin a(x-+1—vpf) —sin mx vob] 2-220 sin ate vod) fea of [- sin x(x- | = -2Bovp cos 7x — vo!) (b) x=29 + V9F 2 [prs = 2Bo sin mi + vot— vot) 2 5 =~ 220 sin my 2 = fera= -§(- 2B sin mo 201P2.13. fe odl a Se +dS SF (Boabsines) da ‘Boab cos a SE Byab cvs u (~ w) = Boaba cos @ For small cos a= 1 +. Induced emf = Baba The polarity of the induced emf is such that the current flows in the same sense as C, resulting in a force on the bottom side of the loop away from the vertical. Thus the loop swings slower than in the absence of the magnetic field. 202Pou feed =-F [Beds £ [Bo cosa) Lw) ‘Magnetic force on the bar 2 72 = LBgay = EY 8 Equating the components of the magnetic force and the gravitational force acting on the bar, we have Mg sin a a ya MR BL 203P215, (a) B= Boay [ras= [oo [og Barret = Bohb cos @ = Bohb cos wt emf = -4 (Boh cos a) = Bohbosin ox (b) B= Bo ya,-xa,) [pra -[e* ia 9 Bo(Oa,—xa,)+ de de ay x= sing ph ell 0 = Bn 2202 6 Pees? ay, 204 [ing Bot rab e0s 6a,)*dydea) 2 sin? 9 7(a) (b) © B = Bo(sin ot a, + cos ax ay) JBed8 = AB9 cos ar emf = ~4 (AB) cos ax) = @ABo sin wr dS = dS ag =d5 (~sin $a; +c0s 6a) Be dS = Bods (~sin @sin ax + cos $.cos ax) = Bo dS cos (ar + 6) = BodS cos 2a [B+ a8 = BoA cos 20r emf =~ (ABy cos 20") = 2@ABp sin 2 o=-a B+ dS = Bod (- sin ¢ sin ax +.cos $cos ax) = Bo dS cos (ar + $) = Bo dS cos (cx ax) = Bods [Beas = BoA emf = ~4 (m4) =0 205P217, From § Hedl= [Jed + $ip- as [pres fra fore §Heal = H(t - oe) + Ho(t- Vuoe)” = 2o(t — Joe)” [,psas = ~ fot nlf, (c+ fiom 2) de +f (- saree) a] 30 (ioe) ] | ioe | =~ 7B [0° ~ (+ fiat) -(t-Viato J+? ] G [prs= ~ 7061? - 6(+- froze] = 2H? + 2H (t~ iloto)” [jieds = 2H0(t- \ioto)” + 24% 24%0(¢ ~ Voto)” = 2H 206P28, Ff Deds =~ f Jos @ fred =f of aad 202 + Peofes area Gr-2a) eee @,%2) - =A ta,-2) 2 2 + ff, ae + al + fia, coee 2 2 (-de dx) (2,-2,-2) (2,2,-27 2 2 +f rang 4) ded) =~32~32-32- 32-644 64 =-128 . Displacement current emanating from box = 128 A (b) J=-(a, +ya,+7a,) =-ra,- Za, u 2 pe | > §,Jeas = Io Io (C1) do de 1 pe +f [pea © Dero ZT , =~ 40-48 =-80 x Displacement current emanating from box = 871 A 207P2.19, 12 G [Deas a 2% J obs area parallel tw the plates FE [ap(t80 sin 27 106 sin 4x 1061) x 0.1] =a, Fae Gp lC0s 21x 106t— cos 6x 1064] 3 = WO (ansin 20x 105+ 61 sin 6 x 1060) 3 = SE Coin 2n x 10543 sin 6x 105) Root-mean-square value of I(2) 7 7 3 J+) = 1118x103, =1L118mA 103 2 208P2.20. I(t) = 4 ay= (O.1e9E) dE =0.1ey 3) 2 RMS value of 2) = |i) x2x10-6+( . (2x10) 7 ENV 3x 10-60 axe )* 19 = 0.1125 x 103A = 0.1125 mA 209F221, (a) fDedS = Syed . fatal seo =x -y-2) de dy de = 80a aff g@ox 98 2) de = sab-bd-d) = 1605 fpras= [pe AF plea one lee ae 0 win = of So 2y(1— x? = y*) de dy Po mye dx dy de - of [ee -9] a offer eet fan oa = 9S (G8 44H) a = af at sat] Sa [ea 712 = & B 210P22. (a) $DedS= f pav 5 JER Cooe" dr dae ee = mo(l-e") = 1986p, ©) fpeas= {pd =f - ee (Bosine a) P sin@ dr d0d@ = mpl. fr sin® 6 ar a8 = fomf re = 3p 2P23, {Beas = [Bris [, Beas, +fBres+[, Beas, =0 * [Bras oof, BrSe-f,Beass— [Boas =f, f Bol yax- xy), _ + (-de de a,)—0-0 toe = kag Boxee = ae STE 2 ++ Absolute value of the magnetic flux = ae Wo 21272.24, Jara, + yay +za, 7 d S z fara + G [par=0 $hpaefrs @ fJeds=0+0+0414141=3 ¥ i Se dv=3A (b) J=xay+yay+za, =r Aye ty §,3-as =4nx2-20x1 +04+(4n-mx1 =82-2n+30 ay, =9n (© Ja xa, +yay +20, =P lity 13 f" fsrs = fo 9 8sin aaoag - ge i sin 0d6a9+0 = 14x [-cos ay =1n -4 J,eaatea 213p2as, f Hedl= | Jeas+ 5 [ D-ds Ic! Is ls Considering the plane surface S bounded by the closed path C, except for a slight upward bulge atthe origin to avoid Q,(0), we have7226, fHedl= | Jeas+ Ff Deas Considering the plane surface S bounded by the closed path C and noting that the point (1, 1, 1) is at the center point of that surface, so that the points (0, 0, 0) and (2,2, 2) are symmetrically situated on either side of S, we have [grees dt pease 4 D al as- 3 (9-2) = 14Q,_ 140. “Bat 8 dt 1 1 = gD-gD 1 =-ql 1 fea =1-41 3 =f 2152.27. From symmetry considerations and Gauss’ law for the electric field, displacement flux emanating from one side of the box ~ dips bipa 1 { POR y, 2) dx dy de = §x8x l. 1 eo hw PC y, 2) = 3-22 y?— 22 Requiredfix=4f' ff) @-2-y-2yae qui m= 5 | bea hao OF ~ 2-2) de dy de (b) 2162.28 From considerations of symmetry and application of §p-s- [pw to acylindrical surface of radius r having the z-axis as its axis and lying between z= 0 and z= I, we have ee J olpeo demo 08 rdrdodz forrsi : Jong Poe” ‘rdrdpde forr21 217P2.29. From considerations of spherical ‘symmetry and application of jpre= [pe to a spherical surface of radius r centered at the origin, we obtain jo forr2a 0 forr2a 3r2.30, From symmetry considerations of the ‘square cross section and the given current densities, jwa-p f wa oneside sxound sfsquare thesquare = fJes= 4x4 fg f, Je y) de dy (@) J.@y=bl+bl=x+yfor0a Palo (2 dr forra 2nJor> oS forra Thus Jor” 2B ay forra 207232, From f Heal= | Jod8, we have day = thera T/eTa, o.05eer/ta, 1. rm na? forr<3a for3aSa for r< 3a for3a Sa Ba 4a SK 221R21. F = cos @sin @a,~sin Osin pag+ cot cos ay d= dra,+rd0ag+rsin Odoag Fed =cos @sin dr~r sin @ sin ¢ d0+, cos Ocos do = d(r cos @sin 9) (72.62.62) (72.82.42) J Fed = f d(rcos 8sin ¢) (7191. 4) (71.61) ang (202102) cos 8 [reosasin g™ 5°02 = 72.008 @ sin $2—r1 cos 61 sin $1 is independent of the path from (r1, 61, $1) to (72, 62, @2). Therefore, F is a conservative field. (4,213,216) Soccer Fedl = 400s % sin 2 ~ 100s 2 sin $ = axdicd 18 xB 075 0.25 222R22, = Bol (yo + a cos at) (aa sin a) For 0 < at <2, yis decreasing, flux enclosed by C is decreasing, and emf is positive ‘opposing the change in the flux. For < at < 2m, y is increasing, flux enclosed by C is increasing, and emf is negative opposing the change in the flux. Thus, Lenz’ law is verified. Also, emf = Bolypao sin at + Bola2e cos at sin ot = Bolyoaw sin ox + 3 Bola®eo sin 20 ‘Thus the induced emf has two frequency components, @ and 20. 223R23. 10 = ‘irs a Z lo fo hot ‘oF sin FE cos axa,* rdrdo a, wotssnn fy [rie Bers ros " oz 2a sin ot [aor at Za ~ Tata 2meepEp sin ox [44 sin ar Bee Epa” ie 2 Amplitude ofthe current = S@¢0E0@” 224Rad, f Hed = [Feds + Sips =0+ 4(O-2) 6 A 14> Ma +6 dt 2252S. Fromconsiderations of symmetry and application of fp-s- joe to.a spherical surface of radius r having the origin as its center, we have fc f qo a(t) 72 sin@drd0do forrsa fo ke Jprse0(E) 2 sin oar aap forr2a AnD, = 226We can consider the situation as the superposition of a current distribution Jo within the cylindrical region of radius a and a current distribution —Jg within the cylindrical region of radius b. Then expressing the result of H in Ex. 3.8 for the region r 2a 2363.7. (continued) Cc forO2a To determine the value of C, we note that a nonzero value of Hy for r > 2aresults, in an infinite magnetic flux crossing a constant-z plane. Thus ~Joa+C=0 ‘Jaa, for02a The plots of Jg and H, are shown in the figure. 237P38. (a) V+ (erax +ayay+ yea) = ZerrgimrZon aztxty axtytz (b) V+ Bay+(y-3)ay +2 +20) a = Zorfo- y+Zero =O0+1+1 =2 © Versin gay 19 @,12 a = PHO Hes + FO =cos ¢ (@ —Vercos 6 (cos Ba,—sin Bag) la a = ayer or aa HO 008 Osi? + Ge ZO) =3 cos? 0+ ah (sin? 6-2 sin Bos? 6) =3 cos? 0+ sin? 8-2 cos? 6 238poxla for-aa iC forx<-a = {$0 G2-a2)4C for-acxa Since for po 0, p —> 0, Dx must ->0. Therefore C= 0. > $2 (x7-a")a, for-aa p= |(?0r?8aa, forda e °, o a r Dy » e,et/3 Coor/iz L-- Oo af2 aw ere isv3.0. @) V+ Lexa, + yay) y (bo) V« [r(sin kd a; + cos kd ag)] = LZ sink +1 F (reoskg) =2sin ko—ksin k=O aks? © 9-[[+3) ora, +4(1-5)sno99] 5 AB [l2+2)cos0] + -ata S| k(-5)sin? 6] )e0s0+2E (1-4 )eosa=0 2413.11. Fora field to be realized both as an electric field in a charge-free region and a magnetic field in a current-free region, its divergence has to be zero, as well as its curl must be a full vector. @ VeCartayy= Zo+Zc=0 Vx (ya, +a) a, ay a, =|2 2 2 O | a Oy & y x 0 Yes. (b) a, a - % 7 = 2 2 2 ~ r we % 1 1 4+ -r{i-+ (ib)aee rid )one 0 5 Bf fd )snos 2 Yes 1). + 5 + )sing] 0 2423.11, (continued) (©) Versin @ag 1 rsind $ train =0 Vxrsin Bag 1 (2r2 sin Ocos 6) a,+ 52% (-2r sin? 8) ag sin® = 2(cos @a,—sin Bag) #0 + No. 2434 PBZ. v= P(ar—x2)a, Curl meter when placed with axis along the y-axis rotates cow to the left of the center, ew to the right of the center, and does not rotate at the center. Therefore, [V x v]y is negative to the left, positive to the right, and zero at the center. Also on either side its magnitude is not constant because the velocity differential is not constant. ay a, =|2 2 2 vevele 5 § 00 Ye 0 ofr zz}, 4¥/4 ° an = 4% /0 244Curl meter when placed with its axis along the z-axis rotates cw everywhere, Therefore, [V x v], is positive everywhere. a, a, 7, MT =|2 2 2). Vavel so Z| =200, 0 w 0 245P3.14, (a) b) rsxa,+ya,+za, =a, Since the field increases in magnitude along its own , direction, the divergence XB meter expands. . ~. Divergence is positive. 3? 14,3. Ver==: = =3>0 Frm v= @rag= w(-ya, + xay) Since the field does not vary 7 in magnitude in its own direction, the divergence meter is unaffected. ©. Divergence is zero. V+ o(-ya, +30) ofZc» +Z0] 2463.15. (a) As ciartxyay + yea, From (0,0, 0)t0(0, 1,0) z 1=0, 4 d=dyay Azo ¢ 0.40) 1 [oe asazo < 10.0.0 From (0, 1,0)t0(0, 1, D, x=0,y=1;dr=dy=0,dl=dza; Aza, Aedl=cde OLD, yp a Foro hee=2 From (0, 1, 1) to (0, 0, 0), x20,y=<)dr=0,dy=dz, dl= dz ay +de ay Asa, Aedli=2de VxA= Thus Stokes’ theorem is verified. 2473.15, (continued) (b) A=cos yay—xsin yay . ara = f.(c0s y ag —xssin yay)* (dra, +dy a, + dea.) = f,cos ydx—xsin ydy = face cos y) MZ = [se08 ha =0 for any C a oy oy =}2 2 2 VEARl yO cosy -xsiny 0 = (-sin y+ sin y) ay ” Juovxareas =0 for any S Thus Stokes’ theorem is verified, without choosing any particular path, 248P3.16. (a) §,0oas + yea, +2.0,) a8 = foheoroaf, Jiagzaeae 1A zy “falls : =ytyt J, oes + yeay +23) dv ty = forerna we = fflairrroaae 1,1,1.3 =549*7 Thus divergence theorem is verified. (b) For the surface x+y=1 dS = dy xd = (dy ay dy a,x dz ay = dy de(ar+ay) §,0° ay ~2yea,) 48 x = i Socanaraf Jig 8p -238,)* (as tay) dy de = flateotael ‘HLL io" Thus divergence theorem is verified. 0 1 *3 y = 2320) dv= [0 dv=0 249P317. J=Je0, 1) a 250P3.18. (a) feta forz>0 1=0: feetds e forz<0 fe D forz>1 fe1s: feels OD forz 1.4 F 8 A f a3 eS b) =300 600-3000 300 600 500° Z,m © 255P3.23. Tey Alm oa > ont SS A e o 4 2 3 4 fps lex Vien @) gal | 22300 m > ‘ 18.85 7 8 € 0 4 2 3 4 5 bps (b) © Taoo -600 -se0 0| 300 600 00 2, Cayse + Alm @ =300 =600 -300 /}0 300 G00 900 12100 Zm3.24, ALE zs 300m 9 Y/m 374 > a) 1d as @ 35 Alm a = 5 r5 tas ) e CED goo ms Vim 3a rr) 123 eas © © pLExdeez uss vin 374 > ~300 =b00 -300 Of 300 600 900 2, m alBy des a pss Alm on @ -900 -600 -300 — 0300 600 900 2, mm 0.4P3.25. E = 37.7 cos (94x 107t+0.3my) ay Vim (a) @= 97x 107 # #45 x 107 He = 45 MHz (€) Direction of propagation is the -y direction in view of the argument (9x x 107t + 0.3) for the cosine function. 32. To. (@) Amplitude of H = Aty=0, r= 0, direction of Kis along a,. For E x H to be along -ay, direction of H at x= (0, t= 0 must be along a. Thus H=0.1 cos (92x 1071 + 0.39) a Alm73.26. Js= 0.2(V3a, +ay) cos 6x x 10r A/m in the z= 0 plane Step 1: Mgigg = $s X tn = 55s x (a) = 0.1(V3a, +ay) cos 67x 10% x (Laz) = £0.1(a, — V3ay) cos 67x 10 A/m Step 2: @ _ 62x10? For @= 61x 10°, B= -— ami0 = 200 p 3x [H),gq = 40.1(a, — Vay) cos (6 x 109 ¥ 2072) Alm Step 3: TEl,zo = 70 (Hla X 9m = 4Mip [0.1(a, — V3ay) cos (67 x 1091 F 207z)] x (ta,) =-37.1(V3a, + ay) cos (6 x 1091 F 202) Vim 2593.27. Js =0.2 sin 15x 107t ay A/m in the x= 0 plane. Step: Js Xa, = 555 x (ay) Ol oe = 402 sin 150% 107 a)x = F0.1 sin 15x 107 ay Alm Step 2: 7 For o= 15x 107, B= 2 = BEX -o.5¢ a %p 3x10" [H],a9 = F0-1 sin (1514x1071 F 0.5m) a, Alm Step 3: (E],29 = Mo [Bll,z0 % 8 = ng [0.1 sin (151071 0.5e)az] x (ta) =-37.7 sin (15x 107 F 0.5m)ay Vim 26073.28. Isi =~ 608 ax ay 2= 0 ne Js.= Kiso cos at ay, 2= Eis 1p “32 00s (at ¥ Be) a, forz 20 ae exs[ers0(<-4)]a, forz 24 = $1080 co (ox F fF m) a, forz a} E =E\+E2 @) B= F080 os (ar + fe) a, fore <0 (b) B= Bes (on fe)~ cos (ar fala, for 0<2< (-k)MoJso 2 261P3.29.. Js1 =—Js0 60s @t ay, 2=0 Ja=-tisosin ory, 20 Js3 = -2kJs0 cos ora, z= 4% Forz<0, B= {0450 cos (or + Ae) + 250 sin [ors of + 2p cos[ree-4)]h a [28952 cos car ey~ AF cos car + Be) — 250 cos (+f) a = 70480 (13%) c0s (ar + fe) ay For z> 42, w= [fn a fers e-2)] + Btn confar-A(e-3) [== cos (ar ~ fe) + #70450. cos (axe) 2 — BL cos (arf) = Ms00-% cos (ax ~ fc) ay | Amplitude of fElpsay2 _ [I-H “Kmplitude of [Ela, Yolo oo 4m? in 2 oo )

= f [

erdrdoa, r=ag=0 2mF338. (a) P =EXH=Eotiga, sin? @ : og ititen? oltre) a, (b) Instantaneous power radiated no S J JPsr?sing a0 6a, 8=06=0 oii poh coo (t—r4/pioe ) sin? @ 40 de =09=0 7 cos? w(t ries ) v0! (©) Average power radiated = < HE cost oft rigs) > 3p /€o = 88 = Sey <0 alt rose)> nth solo an3,39. (a) For 2 po(£) forra Flea po (fe sin@drd6dp forra Ampor> “Sa? 3 Amp forr>a 4m2D, = forra Seor We = fle olpnosete oi a sin 8 dr d0 do +f 7 sinodrdo.dp alonolgn0 30697 pha Anphe® _ Aap = Bideg * 306) 7 Beg = 0.2793 “2 3 Total charge inside the sphere = “20° If the charge is redistributed with uniform density within the region r ceapo = 220% oritin= 2 — ay 45e Dividing (2) by (1), we obtain Anpad EE eoporhra)S= EO or =F — (2) 5 = and Then from (1), ky = 32 = 1.08 = 5x28? _ 3125 _ b= ptt BST O47 ‘Thus, the required radius = 1.08a The corresponding charge density = 0.47630 274P3.40.. For Iga, for r<3a -Jga, for 4a Sa Ionr® for r<3a __ |Jo(97a") for 3a Sa Iorl2 for r<3a 9Jqa?/2r for 3aSa Will = &, (ite, Holgr? Hod” ado i a SluoIGa4 ard [lls =e? poise? OP aay ie 2, pa Sap 43sa 5 porge {el +8104 (ln r}f4 + 62504 fin r}32 — 50a? (FI, +[F], } lo on Mtr [eet +81a* In $+625a4 In S—22504 + 3690" age] = 39.4809 Jim 215R31. E= Ep sin 6x sin (3x 109K) ay a, ay a Biyxp-|2 9 2 ~-BavxE=|5 0 F 0B 0 dE, OE, sgt ae = kEq sin 6x cos (3 x 10% — kz) ay + 6p cos 6x sin (3 x 1091 — kz) ay =o i 7 Ba 5 oy Hsin & sin (3x 10% ke) ay +6 c0s 6x cos (3 x 10% — kz) ae] Ho ~ 4xx107 Taig sin 6 sin (3x 101 ke) ay +6 cos 6x cos (3 x 109 — kz) az) ay " x mt i x ° ae e & 216R31. (continued) Tg WP sin 6x 00s (3% 1081 Ke) +36 sin 6x cos (3 x 10%— ka] ay 2 = Sa +39) [sin 6x cos (3x 10% kz)] ay E(k? +36) = Spo veto [sin 6x sin (3 x 10% ka)] ay D D g =2-_p_ 0 10°°/36x _ Folk? +36) = ag Sin & sin (3 x 10°r— ke) ay Equating this to the original E, we have +36 (00 207R32, E= Ey sin & sin 7 cos at a, -B = VKE a a -|2 2 2 amy & 0 B 0 e, e, = -%,.%, a+ a, = ~ EB sin ® cos cosara, + 22 cos B sin B cos ar a, B = sin ® cos B sin or a, ~ 2 cos sin M sin or a, B He 2 Mo = Faas sn cos sin orm, ~ 2 cos sin ME sin axa, which is of the form of the given H, and which simply means, by comparison 2 = VxH a a -|2 2 2 Sloe H, 0 HR, = -E (141) sin B® sin B = -EB(b+ 4) sin sin Hsin ova, 278R32, (continued) D 2 = EE (deep) sin Bin F cosa, Dd & = ER (bed) anon Hconana, ‘ Comparing with the given E, we have o WE, (4 Fd, +. Mey? \a® x > el 279Since p = p(x), D = D(x), and V+ D reduces to Bs =p. Then Dex) = [Lpaar+ c Evaluating the integral graphically, we obtain the function shown in the figure. §* co dx eS To determine the constant C, we can consider the given charge distribution as the superposition of two charge distributions, one within the interval ~a a 280R34, For group (i), curl is zero and divergence is nonzero. For group (ii), divergence is zero and curl is nonzero. For group (iii), both curl and divergence are zero. For group (iv), both cur] and divergence are nonzero. (0) Vx (ay +yay) ay ay a Mo x y O V+ (eae-+ya) =Zo+Z0-2 ~. The field belongs to group (i). (8) Vx (G2?) ay— 2ayay + 4a] z a & 4 =(2)+2)ar=0 V+ (02 -)2)a,— 2eyay + 40) = Z02-+Zam+ZH =2x-2r20 +. The field belongs to group (iii). 281R34, (continued) © Vx © ae s|P 0 of cos (ax + Ae) a, forz<0 For Jy, = Jeo sin (ut +02) a, in the z= 7/4 lane oJ50 sin or +a Ble AM)}a, for > A/4 Ea hn 70950 sin fort ort Ble 2/A))a, fore Aa ols sin (ax + Be+a-m2)a, forz-< Ald _ Tods8 00s (ar e+) 8, for z> 4/4 Messe cos (ax + Ae+a)a, fore < Ald By superposition, Nos so LE), ug = 25 (eos (cot ~ ic) + cos (wt - fe + ary) a, (Blea = $50 (c0s + e)~cos (0x + Be + 0) a, Using phasor technique, the amplitudes of E for the two regions are given by forz> a4: To N+ yal forz<0 Taf 1-1/9 The required ratio is ig litude of E for z> 44 _ [i+ “Amplitude of Eforz<0 ~|{— h+cosa + jsina| cosa jsin - 8 +2c0sa 2-2cosa = Teeos@ _ 1+cosw cosa ~ sina is see Of + cot a 287R3.7. (continued) @ a=n4 Ratio = 2 +1 = 2.4142 1 +cos @=4 (1 cos a) cos @=0.6 @= 0.29520 288For Js = 0.2 cos 67x 1081 a, A/m in the y= 0 plane, Hy = 4 Joi x Cea) fory =O =+0.1 cos 64x 108 a, for y= O+ Hy = £0.1 cos (61x 10817 27) a, for y 20 Ey = nol x Ceay) fory 20 = -12m cos (61x 1081F 2m) ax for y 20 For Js = 0.2 cos 6 x 108ra, A/m in the y= 0.25 m plane, Hy = 5 Joo (tay) fory = 025% =F 0.1 cos 6x 10% a, fory = 0.25 Hp = ¥ 0.1 cos[6x x 1081 F 2a(y~0.25)] a =F 0.1 cos (61x 1081F 2my + 0.51) ay = 0.1 sin (6 x 1081 2ny) ay for y 2 0.25 Ep = noH2 x (4a,) for y 2 0.25 = + 12msin (6m x 1081 2my) a, for y 2 0.25 By superposition, we then have EE, 29 =~ 12m cos (6x 1081 + 2ny) ay— 12m sin (6 x 108 + 2my) ay (H), 0.1 cos (6m x 108+ 2my) a; + 0.1 sin (6x 1081 + 2my) az Neo =~ 12m cos (6x 1081—2ny) ay + 12m sin (6 x 1081 2my) a; El, 0: TF, . gas = 0.1 cos (6 108r— 2my) a, + 0.1 sin (62x 108t—2y) ay 289R38. (continued) To discuss the polarizations in the two regions, we note that in both regions, the fields are the superposition of two components, which are equal in amplitude, perpendicular to each other, and differ in phase by 90°. Therefore the polarizations are circular. To determine the senses of rotation, we look at the field components of E at a fixed value of y in the two regions and at two instants of time, as shown in Figs. (a) and (b) for y = 0 and y = 0.254, respectively. Since the directions of propagation of the waves are ~y and y fory = 0- and y= 0.25+, respectively, the sense of rotation of E in both cases is clockwise. Therefore, the polarization is ew circular for both y < 0 and y > 0.25. 290Although F and Fy are equal in amplitude and perpendicular, they differ in phase by 60". Also, the vector lies in the xy-plane, since F, = 0. Thus the field is elliptically polarized in the xy-plane. To find the equation for the ellipse, we set x =1cos or a y = 10s (ar + 60°) = 1 cos ax cos 60° — 1 sin ax sin 60° eos or 9B sin at @ Substituting (1) into (2), we get @ This is the equation of an ellipse whose major and minor axes do not coincide with the x and y-axes. Let the major and minor axes be along x- and y-axes, making angle ¢ with the x- and y-axes, respectively. Then x=xcosptysing yl =-xsin 6+ycos ¢ and the equation forthe ellipse is (coouepusing), (casndgreios 4) where A and B are the semi-major and semi-minor axes, respectively. ‘Now, expressing (3) in the form of (4), we obtain, (eyes so that 291R39, (continued) Thus, axial ratio of the ellipse = 6 a tilt angle of the ellipse = 45° 292R310. The electric field for the region r > ais the same for both the charge distributions. The electric field for r < a is zero for the surface charge case, whereas it is nonzero for the volume charge case. Therefore, the amount of work required is simply the energy stored in the electric field in the region r < a for the volume charge. From Gauss’ law for the electric field in integral form and assuming the center of the charge distribution to be at the origin, we have for r< a for the volume charge, 2 sin @dr dO dg <. Work required is 07/4090. 293P4.1. Denoting the equal and opposite velocities to be -voax before the application of the field Eoar, we obtain the velocities after the application of the field to be ws- (+022) a; for the accelerating electron, and = (» He ‘) a, for the decelerating electron ‘where e and mare the charge and mass of the electron, respectively. The kinetic energies are ‘Thus the gain in the kinetic energy by the accelerating electron is greater than the loss in the kinetic energy of the decelerating electron. 294P42. (a) m Bs ™ vax eBgcos or jom¥g + B¥4 =eEy y teE, te jan Vee aye evitan or MTF 10 lis ore . we i 2Ve= Ep cos (t— tan“! wt) mil ore From Eqs. (4.6) and (4.12), Hem t= =n Ne? 6.1x107 x 9.107 x 10-3! 5.86 x10" x 1.602? x10 = 3.694 x 10-4 5 1 eS saps = 2.707 x 10! radis OFF eax = 2.707% 10" rads ale 107x103 ot o 13 ee 431 x 10!3 He ‘The drift velocity magnitude at this frequency is sel Hence, the mobility at this frequency is 4L. since the mobility at zero frequency is 4, the required a ency is I, the req ratio is $e. 295=0 ~psii + psi2+ psoa + psu =0 a) — psi psi2~ psx + ps2 =0 @ Also Psi + Psi2= Pst @) Ps2i + Ps22 = PS2 @ Solving these four equations for the four unknowns, we get Psi = ps2 = Fs + Ps2) psiz=~psx= }(0s1~Ps2) 296Denoting the applied field to be Eq, and applying the expression for the electric field due to an infinitely long line charge to that passing through (d, 0, 0), we have Puof(x-d)a, + yay Ea= 2n€p| (x-d)? +y* For the total field inside the conductor to be 2er0, [Es], 9 =~ (Eal,,9 Pro[(x—4)a, + yay 2meq|(x—a) + y| This field is produced by a surface charge on the conductor surface x = 0. From symmetry considerations, we can write Ey for x > 0 by substituting -x for x and -a, for ay in the expression for E, for x <0. Thus Pro|(-*-4)(~a,)+ yay] 2neg|(-x -ay +y] Prof(x+ daz + yay ~ anep| x+y +y"] Esl, 9 =~ 297P44. (continued) This is the same as the field due to an infinitely long line charge of uniform density py situated parallel to the z-axis and passing through (—d, 0, 0). Thus the total field outside the conductor is the superposition of the fields due to the line charge through (d, 0, 0) and an “image” line charge through (-d, 0, 0). Itis given by Note thet on the conductor surface x = 0, = fo 4 Eh .0.7~ 26) Page is normal to the surface. 29845, From the figure, magnitude of torque = QEdsin Direction of torque is into the paper. = QEd sin @ into the paper =QdxE =pxE nag For a dipole consisting of 1 C at (0, 0, 10-°) and ~1 nC at (0, 0,-107), p =10°(2x 10% a,) =2x10%a, For E= 103(2a, —2a,), =2x 10% a,x 103 (2a, —| =2x 10a; + 2a) N-m 2994.6. Because of spherical symmetry, the field lines remain radially directed away from the point charge, asin the absence of the dielectric shell. Thus @ D= & a, everywhere a, forrb Anegr’ (b) Inside the dielectric shell, P =D-9E 2-2, aa 6m? = 22 a, 16m’ 300) Dy 3 1 1)[Eo] [4e0Fo Dy|=£0|1 3 1] Eo |=|4eo%o D, 1 1 allo} [2e8 D=2eFo(2a, +2ay +a.) Dis not parallel to E. Dy 3 1 1 & 2e9Fo Dy|=eo|1 3 1||-Ep |=|-2eo£ D, 1 1 3jL 0 oO D = 2epE (ax ~ ay)= 2E Dis parallel to E. Ey 3 1 IT 1 Blea]! 3 1] | Do E, 1 1 3} [2D 8 2 2) Dy Do a_i] - a = 5h =me|2 8 2] Do |=z25| Po 2-2 8 ||-2D) 2D, D E= Be +a, -2a) = Dis parallel to E. 301P48, ForE= Ear + yay, De] [exe by 0 Ex] [eecEx +E Ey yx by 0 | By |=] ey Ee te By DJ lo 0 ello o Dy For D to be parallel to E, 2 must be equal to z fr y Ey _Gy~ eat (En~ E> ey ‘The corresponding effective permittivities are given by = bat 5 [Gy ex) Ege ~ Ey) #4 yee ] = 5 [eat ey teat? ene | 302P49. Consider a ring of radius r < a and width dr, as shown in the figure. Then the amount of charge inthe ring is -2, nr dr) = 29 dr, This wm a amount of charge passes through the width dr of the ring in one revolution of the disk. Since the ‘number of revolutions per second is @/2z. the amount of charge passing through the width in one second, that is, the current in the ring, is (2% ar) (#)-2% dr. Thus, the dipole @ moment ofthe ring is given by - (@0r dm = (2% ar) (ma, 3 = OP tra, 3 ‘The dipole moment of the entire disk is then given by 303P4.10. Let B = Byay + Byay + Bea ‘Then the only forces contributing to the torque are TaBya; on side 12, —laBya, on side 34, —IbBya, on side 23, and TbB,a,0n side 41. 2% =-LaBybay + IbByaay = lab (Bray ~ Bya,) = Jaba, X (Bray + Byay +B,a;) =mxB For a circular loop of radius 1 mm in the xy plane and with current 0.1 A flowing in the sense of increasing ¢, 1 x 10a, = 107 ra, For B = 10~(2a,-2ay +a,) Woim?, © = 1077ma, x 10%(2a,— 2ay +a,) =2x 1072 (a, +a,) Nem 304M= 4m H= (kH-1)H 305412. By 7 6 O7f 3Ho By[=kto] 6 120 |] 2H By o o 3j0 9Hy = kil | -6Ho 0 B = kylgHo(9a, ~ 6ay) = 3kyoHo(ax — 2a) = 3kyuoH best = By = 3k0 306P4.13, Computing the propagation parameters for o= 10-3 S/m, €= 6€p, j= jo, and (f= 1 MHz, as in Ex. 4.5 of the text, we have = 0.05334 Np/m. = 0.07401 rad/m |7| = 86.5477 1 = 35.7825" = 0.1988 ‘Thus E= 8,655¢7005332 cos (27 x 1061 ¥ 0.074z + 0.19882) a, V/m. forzz0 H = £0,1670.05332 cos (2m x 1061 F0.074z) ay A/m forz 20 307P4.14, Js} =—Js0 cos 20x 106t ay, z=0 Isp = kis sin 2 106tay, 2= d (@) Minimum value of dis such that Ba From Prob. P4.13, an Tomar = 84896 m 84.896 dyin = 4828 = 21.224 mm Then k= e%4min ‘= 0. 05334x21.224 (b) Eforz>dmin is [8.655e~0.0533z cos (2m x 106t — 0.074z + 0.19887) + 8.655 x 3. 10¢~0.0533(2 ~ 21.224) + sin (2x 106 ~ 0.0742 + 2/2 + 0.19887)] ay = 91,82¢-0.0533z cos (27 x 1061 ~ 0.074z + 0.19887) ay Vim 308PAIS, (a) 78650 2m, 111.2B= 2m, B= TFpy = 0.0565 F = 0.0349 + j0.0565 (b) || =59.4 tant 2.0565 ‘034g = 583° a Since 7M) = jou, [9 = -[7=317° 2) = 59.4 BLT oe =x-[]- I [pesado ~SeABLT 0.066458 = Re-spa/3i.7 Re (0.001118/26.6") = 0.001118 cos 26.6" = 0.001 = 10-3 Sim Lind ‘ Speen? im (000111826,69 +) - 5x10 pay 0.001118 sin 26.6+) = SO = 1.26 x 106 = 42x 10-7 = pp 309P4.16. Js =-0.2 cos 21x 105r cos 4x x 10%t ay =-O.1 (cos 2m x 106 + cos 67 x 1061) ay ‘Thus, Js consists of two components, one at f= fy = 106 Hz and the second at f=. 3x 106 Hz. Using superposition, we find E and H for each component and add them to get the complete solution. For f= fi = 106 Hz, from Prob. P5.19, Ey = 4.3275¢70.0533z cos (2m x 105t F 0.074z + 0.19887) a, V/m_ forz20 Hy = £0.05¢70.05332 cos (2 x 1061 0.074z) ay A/mm forz 20 Following in the same manner as in Prob. P5.19 for f= fy = 3 x 106 Hz, we have = 0.07 Np/m B=0.1691 || = 129.42 (7 =0.1250 |m| Sb = 6471 Thus Ep = 6.47 1e*0.072 cos (6x x 1051 F0.1691z+0.1252) a, Vim —forz 20 Hy = £0.05¢70.07 cos (6m x 1061 ¥ 0.16912) ay A/m forz 20 Adding the two sets of fields, we have E=E,}+E, [4.3275eF0059%* cos (20 x 1061+ 0.0742 + 0.1988) + 6.47 1270972 cos (6 x 106t ¥ 0.16912 +0.1257)] a, Vin forz20 H=Hi+H) S 20,05 [€0058% cos (21 x 10 ¥ 0.0742) + 70.072 cos (61 x 1061 ¥0.1691z)] ay Am forz 20 3104.17. For H = Hoe cos (20 x 106 ~ 22) ax, Frat jpal+j2 = _ jo _ j2mx106 x4n 10-7 nes T+ 72 0.82/90" = 26.57 563.45 534/26 . H=3.531Hpe~ cos (2 x 106t - 22 + 0.14767) ay P=ExH = 1.1655HGe™ [cos 0.1476 + cos (42x 106-42 — 0.14762)] ay (a)

= 1.7655H3e* cos 0.14760 = LST91HRe%* Wim? (b) Time-average power dissipated in the given volume ) = 1.579146 (1 = 1.365443 W 31P4.18, E= 10 cos (32x 1070.21) ay Vim @ © = 15 MHz an _ 2 = Be ggg 210m 7 @ _ 32x10" 15,497 = Ban = 15x 108 m/s . to. wpa lsxl= Te ee 15x 108 = 3*10° Er fer =2 e=4 120 n= Vege; = 2 =" co He ~gh c08 (34% 107 0.27) ay Note E x His in the + direction, since a, X (-ay) = ax. Thus =k cos (3x 1070.21») ay Be oe 312For €=2.25a and = Uo, 1 = =2x 108 ms P= Tg x 22569 els © 200m Ho. n= /zpbey = 8072 @ CExI ae zooms Vim 2B ) © Ede cause Vim as.3 13) =600 400-2000 200 400 60d "2, m @ plPydesauss Alm ot =620 -400 -200 0 200 400 600. Z,m =o. 3134.20, From the given plots, 10x10 o =5x 107 mis P 10x10" n= 952450 2 Thus 1 =5x107 We ee [Bease 45m = =9nx 10-7 =2.25) BS S107 i 1 10 Su0 nase 225 = 16 3146 Zp E36 2g x 103 <1 ae ‘P4.21, 2x x10° x3x10 ‘1. The material behaves like an imperfect dielectric. «-$B-aSe) 2S [B10 , 1200 Ve 2 e A ~ ofa (1+<] 0883 x 10-4 mo} 6 = oe = IG ye36276 ain x v= e142 0 el bare? 1__3xi08 =e = 1.732 x 108 mi ee ° a- Lf Flue sare 1__ 3x108 * Fle 108 x3 =. [#l(,-3-27_), 2 7 -El(-e) +08] - ue (1 +/0.003) = (217.66 + j0.653) 2 = 173.21 m Distance in which fields are attenuated by the factor e~! “ Tomes ™= 9.189 x 103 m= 9.189 km 315)P4.22, fa) 2 Ze @) f= 100 kt, Z = o=4 Sim, €= 8069, = Ho ‘= 10 GHz, 2 = =o ccl a 3 9 ~ 100 The medium behaves like an imperfect dielectric. g [h_4 | Mo _2x1200 _ a gfe F Oey = Jag = 843 Nem si... S 6 = 5 = yqg 700119 m= 11.9 mm B= oie = 2x10" 80, 873 rad/m x =F 23385 10-3 m= 3.355 mm 10 op = Ba gry 703355 x 108 m/s 7-(E-E = 15. 4x36% ___ 9 103 >>1 2m x10° x80 x10 ‘The medium behaves like a good conductor. a= [fac =n x10° x 42x10 x4 =040mr1 a “a” 04m B= life = 0.4m rad/m =0,796 m a= =O.1m1+/)2 316P4.23. (HD, = 0.1 cos} 27x 108 ay Alm = Ho. The medium is a perfect dielectric. (a) o=0,€=9e, = 4002 =108 ms, 7 Vio“ 8 2 Efe, = 40m x 0.1 cos3 | 2x rots 2eg*,) a = 4 cos} (20x 1081-27) ay Vim (b) c= 10-3 Sim, e= 90, W= Lo cost 2mx 108r= 3 cos 2mx 1081+ 4 cos 6x 10% 3 107 x36n 1 eum is an i AO x36 = Lc 1. The medium is an imperfect 2nx10®x9x10% 50 dielectric at both frequencies. g [iH _10% [uo ae fe a-Si = = 960 02m; T= JE = 4022 = wpe = 2m for w= 20x 108 + EG, t) = 4e0.02 cos3 (27 x 108 2m) ay Vim (© 0=10S/m, e=98,1= Mo 10x36 = Ooo, ‘The medium is a good conductor 6x10 x9x107 at both frequencies. a= p= aia. 7 = PE as: For f= 108, a= B= Vx x10° x42x10~ x10 = 200 ae ETL ETSY [AS = 2Bnp4s' 0 317P4.23.. (continued) For f=3 x 108, a= B= 203m, 7] = 2V6x/45" E(z, #) = (0.67e-20% cos (24 x 1081 - 207 + m/4) +0.38¢-34.64% cos (67 x 108r — 34.64 nz + 1/4)] ay where 0.67 = 3x 0.1x2V2m and 0.38 = $x0.1x2V6e 3184.24, Example 1.9 3194.25, Atr=a, Eoi= Een Da=Dr Thus Egy sin = -Eqn( 1-2 | sin 8 @ 01 Sin 8= ~Eoa| 1-275 ' @ eB, cos O= 6B [1+ 325] e088 (2) From (1), Epa = 4 Eo 4 3 Then from (2), €\Eo1 = 3 &Eo1 > 6) = 2% 320P4.26. Let E,=En + Eni @ E2= E2+En2 @) where t and n denote ‘tangential’ and ‘normal,’ respectively. Then from the boundary conditions at the interface between the two media Ey -E2=0 @ Pn ~Dr2=0 @) Then subtracting (2) from (1), we have E, — Ez = Eni -En2 = (Ent ~ En2) @n so that (Ey — Ea) is in the direction normal to the boundary. Thus, unit vector no-mal to the boundary is given by he SE "(Ei -Ea] Fo(4a, +2ay + Saz) — 3£o(a, +z) [Bo (day + 2ay + 5az) — 3Ep(ay +a,) + 2ay + 2a, 3 Emi = Ey * aq = “2 (444410) = 650 Ena = Ep * aq = Eo (1 +2) = 3E9 ‘nce Ent. -Pat/€L — £2 in vs Since il = pall = 22 in view of (4), we get «: The required permittivity is 2e. 3214.27, Atr=a, Bn = Br Hoy = He Thus Boy cos = al +1945 cosa o a ~ Bi sin o- fa on Some @ From (1), Boy = 2.94892 Then from (2), 2.942 _ Foo Th % «0.03 2.94 1 = Fg Ho = 9814) 322, medium 24.28, From the solution to Prob. P4. Pro | — Aart yay (+ d)a, + yay Wl, 0° 20 | nd ey edt Po [= +yay day + al Ol, o= 2teg | Gay? aay?” =-—Puod =~ 2 2) x mEg(d* + y") which is completely normal to the conductor. Thus the boundary condition of zero tangential component of electric field on the conductor surface is satisfied. From the boundary condition for the normal component of D, Ps =a_,°D md? +y*) The total induced surface charge per unit width in the z-direction “Shlain |oe =e aL => pLo 323on P4.29. E= Eq sin © sin & cos ara, = in © cos & H= Ho sin © cos & sin axa, ® o, & gi, Hz cos © sin F sin or a, Using ps = a, *D =a, + 4e;Ep, we obtain [Ps], IPs = 9 = Ay AeolE], «= 40 sin © sin 3 cos wx 2 sin B 4eBg sin & sin F cos ox B sin Z sin ona, a 07g B cog B si — Hoy sin cos F sin ara, = B gin Z 1 X (HD, . = Hop cos % sin F sin axa, B ogg Z + Hoy sin & cos & sin or a, in ® si Hoy sin © sin axa, Us), 2 g= 72 HH, . = Hoi sin = sin ara 3242nx10° 3x108 P430, Forz>0: 7=0+j 7 = 120n10" Forz<0: 7 = 0.05334 + j0.07401 36.5477/35.783" 7 Let the complex electric field at z = 0+ be E,(0+) = Ey. Then from continuity of Ey at 2=0, E(0-) = E,(0+) = Zp. Proceeding further, we have P E,(0+) _ Hy OW = 0m = Tom E,(0-) Ey AYO) = ~ Be Sa71[55.18S" ~~ BOS4TT 35.18 From the boundary condition a, x (H ~ Hy) = Js at z = 0, we can write a; X [H,(0+) - H, (0-J]ay = -0.2a, 1 1 (ras + SOSATI[SS. 18S J oe Ep {0.002653 + (0.009373 — j0.006756)] = 0.2 ze 02 on - 0 VoT205— 0.006736 ~ O0T38— 25.318" = 14-493220.518" Thus E, (0+) = E,(0-) = 14.493/29.318" '4.493(0.1637 14,493 cos (22x10% 152+ 0.1680) a, forz>0 E= 14,493¢53342 cos (2m x10%r +0.07401z+0.1632) a, forz <0 6, 0.0384 cos (2 x10°r—7252+0.1630) ay forz>0 H= 0.16752 534 cos (27 x 10% +.0.07401z +0.9647) ay forz<0 325P431. For z > 0, €= 2.25€, U= Ho Thus, let = Eq cos (62x 1081— 372) ay forz >0 Then from continuity of Ex atz=0, Ep = Epcos (61x 1081+ 4mz) a, forz <0 Proceeding further, we have Hy = G2 cos (6x 108-32) ay forz > 0 Hy = — 222 cos (67x 108 + 412) ay forz <0 From the boundary condition a, x (By ~Hz)=Js at z =0, we can write aX (sera) cos 61x 1081 ay = -0.2 cos 6x 108 ay TE _ 482 OF, 740 = 0-2 Fo =F ‘Thus the required solutions are BF cos (64 x10%—3m2) a, Vim fore >0 E 48% cos (6nx10%+4m) a, Vim forz<0 pcos (62x 108-3) a, Am forz>0 ae] 3 Fe c0s (6x x 108% +42) ay Alm fore <0 326P432, For o= 10~ Sim, e= Se, = jo, f= 1.5 x 105 Hz, (6.283 + j9.425) x 10-3 7} = 104.559/33,69" 290.002 + j57.999 _ 295.745/168.69" * 463.998 + 757.999 ~ 467. 609/7.125 = 0.6325/161.565" t=1+P=1+0.6325/161.565" =0.44j0.2 = 0.4472/26.565" E, .6325Ep cos (3 x 105t-+ 10-3 + 0.89767) ay Vin 0.4472 ge 62810 os (34 105r— 9.425 x 10-3 + 0.14762) ay Vin 3274,33, Eqcos3 (3 x 105¢— 10-31) ax = 3 cos (31x 105r— 10-3) ay + cos (97x 1051-3 x 10-31) ay For f= 1.5 x 105 Hz, = 104.559133,69" 7 = 6.283 + j9.425) x 10-3 F = 0.6325/161.565%, = 0.4472/26.22" For f=4.5 x 105 Hz, 7 = (7.894 + j22.504) x 10-3 7 = 148.983/19.33" TM _ 148.983/19.33"-377 Pa Tam 48: aa 4377 236.416 + 49.315 _ 241.505/168.217° = SIT584+ 749.315 —— 519.928/5.443" = 0,4645/162.774" T= 1+T =1+0.4645/162.774" = 0.5563 + j0.1376 =05731/13.893" E, = [0.4744Ep cos (3 x 105t + 10-3zz + 0.89767) ay 4+ 0.1161E9 cos (97x 105+ 3 x 10-3 + 0.904372) a] Vim E,= [0.3354 Ege 28107 + 00s (3 105t- 9.425 x 10-37 + 0.14767) ay 3 4$0.1433Ege-7 894107 + 60s (97x 105t — 22.504 x 10-3z + 0.0772) ax] Vim4.34, Medium 1: E,=ie "+E e™ Hel(peve Eel Hi = 7, (oe* Ere") Medium 2: E,=EjeP" +B" = 3 (Ete B® — Ereb® = le O Eje"*) Medium 3: E-Ben® i= eens Using boundary conditions, we have EytE Ry-E=3E}-Ey) XE; -&)=-2Be Solving, we get B=-4&, Ef=§m, Ey=dm, Bf =-2 eez 2 2.2 T Ty Jefe 12-3 Exes Vim o tt ey ps (a) [300 ) OD gs acy Alm 4 fo 3304.36. Let the reflected wave electric field be E, = E} cos (ar— fe + $) ae Then using the boundary condition that the tangential component of the total electric field be zero on the perfect conductor surface, we have Eq cos wt + Ey cos (at + ¢) =0 BE, =-Eo,9=0 s+ E,=—Eo cos (@t + Bz) ax = 2B cos (ur +) ay The total fields are E =E;+E,= [Epcos (ar - fe) ~ Ep cos (ax + Bz)] ay = 2Ep sin ax sin fe ay H=Hi+H,= [2 cos (or~ fo) + 72 cos (r+ pa], cas wrcos ica, Finally, UsI_.9=-#: 0 2 aux Beorwe, 2Eo = 2 cos ora; 7 331RAL. sa —_—_ ay Let the surface charge densities be ps1. ps2» Ps3, and psq on the surfaces 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. Then from charge neutrality in each conductor, psi + ps2=0 a psa + pss=0 (0) For the electric fields inside the two slabs to be zero, Ta (Psa + psi — ps2— Ps3— Ps4— Psp)=0 Dap (P5A+ psi P52 Psa ~ ps4 ~ P58) =0 of Psi — PS2 — PS3 — PS4 = PSB PSA @B) Psi + ps2 + ps3 — Ps4= PsB— PSA “ From (1) — (4), we obtain 1 Psi = 3 (Psp ~ Psa) 1 psr= 3 (Psa ~ Psa) a1 ps3 = (Psp ~ Psa) 1 psa = 3 (Psa ~ PsB) 332R42, Dy 65 15 OVE, Dyl=e|15 25 0}, D, o 0 2h Dz= 06.5E; + 1.5Ey) Dy = &(1.5Ey + 2.5E)) For characteristic polarizations involving x- and y-components only, Dy _65E,+15Ey _E, TSE, +25Ey ~ Ey ‘The characteristic polarizations are given by Ey = ZoiGar +a) Ep = Eon(ar—3ay) In terms of the two characteristic polarizations, let E = Fylax—a) =Ep) (3a; + ay) + Eoz(ax—3ay) Then 3Eo1 + Eon = Eo Eo - 3E02 =o Solving, we obtain 333R42. (continued) E = Ep(ar—a) Boa, +a,)+ 2a, —30,) 334R43. Let the charge density be 2 (225 «) (mw) a, 335R44, From the given electric field 3.4 €~0.04322 cos (40 x 106t — 0.18292) ax we note that @=4nx 106 7 = a+ jB=0.0432 + 0.1829 Now, since n= Jjaua + jae) = JOU = joy we have = _ jpg _ j4nx10®x4nx10~7 n= =" 00437 + j0.1829 1.6n7¢!*/? © 0:18796/062 = 84e/00738" Proceeding further, we observe that Liane jos) - | +38 =o+ joe 336R44. (continued) Therefore 0.1879 ei04262" ative = OO = 2.2369 x 10-3 @i0.3524" = 2.2369 x 10-3 (0.4473 + j0.8944) = 103 +j2x 103 so that 337RAS. From the given sketches of the fields for the triangular pulse source, we can obtain for medium 2, 20s = as 75108 mis =F =) = 60n= n= Bae r= Now, we know that the pulse duration in medium 1 is 3 ss and because of continuity of tangential electric field at z = 0, the peak value of Ey for z < 0 is the same as that for z>0. Thus, for medium 1, v= BOB = 05x08 ms=§ m Now, for Js =—Jso cos 6x 1081 ay A/m, let Ey = Fy cos nx 108 + SEX10% osxi08 ) * = Egos (6x 1081+ 12z) a, W/m for z<0 Then 8 62x10! Jas = Ey cos| 6 x10°r— Ba= ( 0.75x108* = Ecos (6x 1081~ 822) ay Vim for z>0 A= -& cos (6x 108 + 12nz) ay A/m for <0 Hy= Ao cos (6x 1081 87) a, Alm for 2>0 338‘RAS. (continued) From the boundary conditions for H at z=0 2c {{B coy ~[Bh lao} =Is or, a,X (z& cos 6 x10°r a, +a cos 62 x108¢ 4) =—Js0 cos 61 x 108 ay 26( she woz) =/0 By = MOE Ing Thus, for z <0, Ey = AOE Joo cos (6 x 108 + 12m) ax Vin Hi= 3 Isp cos (6% 108 + 1272) ay Alm. and for z>0, 2405 Ep = ™ Jso cos (6m x 108 - Bz) ax Vim Hz = 5 Jsp cos (6x x 108 ~ B72) ay Am Proceeding further, we obtain the instantaneous Poynting vectors on either side of the sheet: P|=E1 x Hy = ~ TERE Jy cos? (67x 108+ 122) a, Wh? for 2 <0 339R45, (continued) P2=E2 x Ha = POOF 3p cos? (6x x 108 — Br) ay Win? for z > 0 Thus, the time-average power radiated by the sheet per unit area of the sheet =+ (-a,) + ay 720m , 960) 72 =3 “ag Tag so = 2208 35 w 340R46. For 3x+4y=12,2=0 3dx+4dy=0,dz=0 dyed (-4,438) For 3x+12z=12,y=0 tA +12 13 Let D = Doan. Then, since Ps9 = a, * D, we have Ps0 = an * Doan = Do 3a, +4ay +12a, Thus D = ps) —~—3-——= From a, x H= Js, Js is perpendicular to H (and a,). n, H, and Js form a right-handed set of orthogonal vectors. Hence, we can write H=Jsx aq RE s0( 4-38) py Gay + day + 12a.) J 2 (36a, + 48ay~ 25a) 341R47. Ey = Eo; (a) At(0,0,a) z veo aie (0,0,a) &* € .- Ey is entirely normal. Dp =D) = 2608 = 2epE oa, Ey = Dole = 28a (b) At(0, a, 0), an = ay, Ey is entirely tangential. 2 By =Ey = Boar © At (0,03, a4) a, = (ay +0.) Let Ep = Epyts + Eayity + Ea, ‘Then from a, X (Ez —E1) = 0, we have a ym 0 1 1 lE>x Ey Baz ~ By or, Ex,~ Ey~ Exy=0 a Fax=0 ® From a, * (D2 —D})=0, we have (ay + a2) * [6p axas + €0E2yay + (E922 — 2€0Eo)az] = 0 or, Ey Bag -2E9=0 @) Solving (1) and (3), we obtain Ezy = 3:0, Eae= $0 Thus, Ep = 2a, +3a,) 342RAS. Ho, & Ho, 980 Ho, & 7 EX 3 ED 3 ES e Ei Medium 1 Medium 2 ‘Medium 3 En z=0 32 2205 Let fy = oo = © be the phase constant in medium 1. Then B= @,/fig= 98 = 3B; and 3 = By. Let 7 = ,|42 = no be the intrinsic impedance of medium 1. Then m= se = and m3 =m. We can thus write the following equations for the total fields in the three media: al 1 = Efe JB + Egelbiz Eg = Ee Pit + Eel Pe Exg = Ege Be Exje"iPre — EzeiBre) (E,e~/3Bit - Eze /38i2) 1 eee, Fy = Be Pe Matching the boundary conditions at z = 0 and z = 0.5, we have @ @) 343