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purposes of navigation. Inland, the French IGN (Institut Gographique National) uses
the Lambert conformal conical projection. Considering this, and also its links with
other data sources and its potential users, the latter land-based reference was more
appropriate than a maritime one. The Lambert projection was also adopted by the local
services of the Ministry of Transport in charge of dredging and harbour maintenance,
in particular for depth surveys.
THE INTERPOLATIONS
Interpolation is required when values of a given variable are needed at locations
without measurements. This is the case here for the output of depth soundings surveys,
where point samples have to be made into either a grid file or isolines. It may also
ENE one, as sounding profiles are run East-West. The neighbourhood is an oval one,
with 100 and 250 metres as respective horizontal and vertical semi-axis values. The
interpolation is performed on a 20 metre mesh size grid encompassing the whole basin.
A section of the the depth digital terrain model (DTM) is shown on Fig. 3, with depth
varying between -12 and +4 metres.
MERGING DEPTH TO LEASES
The aim of this operation is to provide the average depth of each lease. It is a classical
problem of raster/vector conversion (Durand, 1994), the depth DTM and the leases
being respectively under these forms. The choice of the method depends on the relative
size of the objects concerned. If the parcel size and the DTM pixel are of comparable
as:
In Etier de Perquis, the first phase concerns a surface to be dredged of
on an average sediment height of 0.7 metres, that is a volume of In
Coursire de Ronce, are concerned on a height of 1.6 metres, i.e. a volume of
Future Prospects
A number of further uses of the cadastre data base are foreseen.
- In biology, stock assessment is a major issue in this basin. In order to assess the
global biomass, the delineation of homogeneous zones of culture type is needed. As
regulations may not be respected, the only way to approach reality is to interpret
airphotos previously registered to the cadastre file. Every couple of years, B&W
airphoto campaigns are undertaken with simultaneous oyster biomass sampling
- Productivity, mortality, epizooties are also of highest concern. Ways are sought to
couple results of trophic and sedimentological models with field observations in test
parcels, together with the incidence of rainfall sewage outfall
- In socio-economy, there are prospects of a better understanding of the lease exchange
system by computing a lease value based on major bio 272
J. Populus et al.
The Management of Oyster Culture Leases and Production 273
physical parametres (essentially emerging time, position in terms of productivity,
etc...). As market values are known, the comparison of the two might allow to refine
the notion of anticipated parcel value
Conclusion
The shell culture cadastre clearly is an essential element of coastal management in
France, a) for the economic value of shell production, b) for its impact on coastal
environment. Its digitization is underway within Affaires Maritimes, the
Administration in charge, with technical assistance by Ifremer. For lease management
itself, the transition from paper maps to graphical files associated to a semantic data
base will not only alleviate the traditional task of Affaires Maritimes, but also open
new possibilities, namely the spatial illustration of queries made on the data base,
which was otherwise unfeasible.
For wider purposes, several bodies are interested in possessing the digitized
cadastre. Among them, Ifremer is in charge of dealing with biological and
environmental aspects and providing advice to all possible actors in the coastal zone.
The cadastre is a fundamental layer of anticipated GISs to be set up in its various
coastal stations. If only a couple of applications of data mixing were shown in this
274 J. Populus et al.
paper, indeed a host of them are expected in the near future, with a view to improving
decision-making.
References
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