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PROPIEDADES COLIGATIVAS
1. Se prepara una solucin disolviendo 3.003 gramos de urea, CO(NH2)2
(masa molar = 60.06 g/mol), en 36.04 gramos de agua a 25 C. Si la
presin de vapor del agua pura a 25 C es 23.78 torr, calcule la presin de
vapor de la solucin a esta temperatura.
Respuesta.
1 mol
= 0.05 mol urea
60.06 g urea
1 mol
? moles H2 O = 36.04 g H2 O
= 2.002 moles H2 O
18 g H2 O
2.002 moles H2 O
Xste =
= 0.9756
0.05 mol urea + 2.002m mol H2 O
? moles urea = 3.003 g urea
P = Xste P
P = 0.9756 23.78 torr = 23.20 torr
2. Se prepara una solucin disolviendo 3.003 gramos de un soluto no
electrolito y no voltil en 36.04 gramos de agua a 25 C. Si la presin de
vapor de la solucin es 23.20 torr a 25 C y la presin de vapor del agua
pura a 25 C es 23.78 torr, calcule la masa molar del soluto.
Respuesta.
P = P p = 23.78 23.20 = 0.5800 torr
Xsto =
P 0.5800 torr
=
= 0.02439
P
23.78 torr
? moles H2 O = 36.04 g H2 O
Xsto =
1 mol
= 2.002 moles
18 g H2 O
mol sto
mol sto + mol ste
0.02439 =
mol sto
mol sto + 2.002 mol H2 O
0.04883
0.9756
3.003 g urea
= 60.06 gmol
0.0500 mol urea
Teb 0.080000C
=
= 0.15 m
K eb
0.52 Cm
1 Kg ste
3.378 g sto
= 177.78 gmol
0.019 mol sto
1 mol
= 0.03751 mol C2 H6 O2
62.08 g C2 H6 O2
1K
= 0.125 Kg H2 O
1000g
0.03751 mol C2 H6 O2
0.125 Kg H2 O
= 0.300 m
Tf = Kf m
Tf = 1.86 Cm 0.300 m = 0.558 C
Tf sln = Tf ste puro Tf
Tf sln = 0.0C 0.558 C = 0.558 C
Tf
Kf
9.30C
1.86 Cm
= 5.00 m
? gC2 H6 O2 = 6.00Kgste
5.00 molC2 H6 O2
1Kg ste
62.068gC2 H6 O2
= 1862.04gC2 H6 O2
1 mol
70.0 gC3 H8 O3
1 mol
100 gsln
92.09 gC3 H8 O3
= 0.0794 mol C3 H8 O3
? g H2 O = 10.44 g sln
30.0 g H2 O
100 g sln
= 3.13 g H2 O
= 0.0794 mol C3 H8 O3
0.993 Kg H2 O
1 Kg
1000g
= 0.993 Kg H2 O
= 0.0802m
Tf = Kf m
Tf = 1.86 Cm 0.0802 = 0.149C
Tf sln = Tf ste puro Tf
Tf sln = 0.0C 0.149C = 0.149C
1 mol
= 0.0966 mol urea
60.06 g urea
m=
= 1.03 m
94.2 gH2 O
1 Kg
Tf = Kf m
Tf = 1.86 Cm 1.03 m = 1.92C
Tf sln = Tf ste puro Tf
Tf sln = 0.0C 1.92C = 1.92
Temperatura de ebullicin.
Teb = K eb m
Teb = 0.52 Cm 1.03 m = 0.54C
1 atm
= 0.01 atm
760 torr
0.01 atm
=
= 4.47 104 M
atm
L
RT 0.082
273 K
k mol
4.47104
1 Kg ste
1 Kg
2.00 g hemoblobina
= 45662.10 gmol
4.38 105 mol hemoglobina
1 atm
= 0.171 atm
760 torr
0.171 atm
=
= 6.95 103 M
RT 0.082 atm L 300 K
k mol
? KgH2 O = 250 g H2 O
? g sto = 0.25 Kg H2 O
1K
= 0.25 Kg H2 O
1000g
1 mol
= 79.23 g sto
Teb
0.837C
=
= 0.45 m
K eb
1.86 Cm
= mRT
= 0.45 m 0.082
atm L
298 K = 11.0 atm
k mol