Professional Documents
Culture Documents
of Inorganic Ions
Their Use in Qualitative Analysis
FOIL A. MILLER AND CHARLES H. WILKINS
Department of Research in Chemical Physics, Mellon Institute, Pittsburgh 13, Pa.
Polyatomic ions exhibit characteristic infrared spectra. Although such spectra are potentially useful,
there is very little reference to them in the recent
literature. In particular, the literature contains no
extensive collection of infrared spectra of pure inorganic salts obtained with a modern spectrometer.
In order to investigate the possible utility of such
data, the infrared spectra of 159 pure inorganic
compounds (principally salts of polyatomic ions)
have been obtained and are presented here in both
graphical and tabular form. A table of characteristic frequencies for 33 polyatomic ions is given.
These characteristic frequencies are shown to be
useful in the qualitative analysis of inorganic unknowns. Still more fruitful is a combination of
emission analysis, infrared examination, and x-ray
diffraction, in that order. Several actual examples
are given. It is evident that a number of problems
involving inorganic salts containing polyatomic ions
will benefit by infrared study. The chief limitation
at present is the practical necessity of working with
powders, which makes it difficult to put the spectra
on a quantitative basis.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
1254
Table I.
Formula
Boron
hletaborate
No.
1
2
3
Tetraborate
Type
Sulfur (Contd.)
Sulfate
Formula
No.
5
6
Perborate
Misc.
8
9
Carbon
Carbonate
PbCOa
SHiHCOa
NaHCOa
KHCOa
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Cyanide
NaCN
KCY
21
22
Cyanate
KOCX
AgOCN
23
24
Thiocyanate
NHISCN
NaSCN
KSCN
Ba(SCN)z. 2Hz0
Hg(SCS)z
Pb(SCN)z
L1&03
NazCOz
KzCOa
3hfgCOs hlg(OH)n.3HzO
CaCOa
BaCOa
coco3
Bicarbonate
Silicon
Metasilicate
Silicofluoride
Silica gel
Sitrogen
Nitrite
31
32
NazSiFs
SiOr , XHZO
33
34
Nah-02
KNO?
AgNOz
Ba(SOz!z Hz0
36
36
37
38
Nitrate
Subnitrate
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
BiOSOz.Hz0
Phosphorus
Phosphate, tribasic
Phosphate, dibasic
Thiosulfate
Metabisulfite
60
61
62
63
64
65
Selenium
Selenite
104
105
106
NazSeOa
CuSeOa, 2H20
107
108
Selenate
(NHhSeOi
NazSeOi. lOHzO
KzSeOh
CuSeOl. 5HzO
109
110
111
112
Chlorate
NaC108
KClOa
Ba(Cl0s)z.Hz0
113
114
115
Perchlorate
NHiClOi
SaClOa, H20
KClOa
Mg(CIO*)z
116
117
118
119
NaBrOa
KBr03
AgBrOa
120
121
122
Bromine
Bromate
Iodine
Iodate
Periodate
123
124
125
KIOi
Vanadium
Metavanadate
Chromium
Chromate
Dichromate
Molybdenum
Molybdate
Heptamolybdate
Tungsten
Tungstate
Manganese
Permanganate
66
67
68
103
Persulfate
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
67
58
59
(NHdzHPOi
hazHPOi.12HzO
KiHPOi
MgHPOi. 3Hz0
CaHPOa. 2H20
BaHPOi
Bisulfate
Complex ions
Ferrocyanide
126
127
128
(NHl)zCrOa
NazCrOi
KzCrOa
MgCrO4.7HzO
BaCrOb
ZnCrOa, 7HzO
PbCrOa
Alr(CrOd8
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
(NH4)zCrzOi
NazCrtO~.2H20
KzCrrOr
CaCrzOl.3HzO
CuCrzOr ,2Hz0
137
138
139
140
141
NazMoOi, 2HzO
Kd~foOi.5HnO
142
143
(~Hdahfo7O24.4HzO
144
NanWOi.2HzO
KzWOI
CaWOi
145
146
147
NaMn04.3HzO
KMnOi
Ca(MnOi)*.lHzO
Ba(Mn0h
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
71
Ferricyanide
NarFe(CN)a. 10HzO
KdFe(CN)o.3Hn0
c a ~ F e ( C N ) a12Hz0
.
KaFe(CN)s
Orthoarsenate, tribasic
Orthoarsenate, dibasic
Car(.4sOi)z
NazHAsO4.7HzO
PbnHAsOi
72
73
74
Cobaltinitrite
NasCo(N0r)o
156
Hexanitratocerate
(NHdzCe(N0ah
157
Orthoarsenate, monobasic
KHz.4~04
75
Oxide
AszO:
76
NHhCl
BaCln. 2Hz0
158
159
Nujol, fluorolube
160
SbzOa
Sbzos
77
78
(NHI)ZSOSHzO
NazSOa
KzSOa 2Hz0
CaSOa 2Hz0
BaSOa
ZnSOs 2H20
79
80
81
82
83
84
69
70
Antimony
Oxide
Sulfur
Sulfite
Chlorine
Chloride
Mulling agents
V O L U M E 24, NO. 8, A U G U S T 1 9 5 2
Table 11.
v w = very weak
weak
C m . - 1 Microns
I
1. Sodium metaborate
NaBOz
862
11 60 w
925
10 80 vs, b
8 50 ni
1175
1310
7 64 rs
1655
6 05 m
3470
2 85 YS, vb
2.
M a nesium metaborate
M%Bo~)~.~H~o
808
838
892
952
1005
1085
1130
1220
1370
1420
1640
3360
3500
12.4
11.95
11.2
10.5
9.95
9.2
8.8
8.2
7 3
7 05
6 1
2 98
2 86
3.
960
1340
1380
3280
4.
~~
5.
w
s
s
w
s
s
Lead metaborate
Pb(B0z)n. HzO
1 0 . 3 s, vb
7.45 m
7.2
Nujol?
3.05 m
Sodium perborate
NaBOs.4HzO
vw
13 0
w
12 0
11 75 w
vw
11 4
TS
10 7
9 8
8
9 3
m
8 5
s
8 05 s
6 05 w
vs
3 0
Boric acid
&BO3
12.4
m
vw
11 3
8.37 s,sp
6.9
vs
3.15 s
8.
807
885
1195
1450
3270
Manganese tetraborate
MnBiOi.8HzO
10.1
9 . 4 1 s , vb
8.7
7.3
s
6.9
m
6.1
w
2.95 8
7.
770
833
852
877
934
1020
1075
1175
1240
1655
3330
Potassium tetraborate
K2BiOi. 5Hn0
14.2 vw
12.8 vw
12.0 s
10.9 s
10.0 s
9.45 vw
9.2 s
8.85 v w
8.65 w
8.05 m
7 . 6 2 sh
7.45 s
6.95 s
6.05 w
4 03 vw
3.03 s
2.95 s
2.81 s
705
782
833
918
1000
1060
1085
1130
1155
1240
1315
1340
1440
1655
2480
3330
3390
3560
990
1065
1150
1370
1450
1640
3390
w
s
Sodium tetraborate
NazBiOi. lOHzO
14.05 w
12.9
w
12.1 s
10.6 s
10.0 s
w
9.3
8.85 m
7.95 m
7.85 m
7.35 vs
7.05 vs
6.85 Nujol?
6.05 m
3.0
vs
712
775
828
843
.
1000
1075
1130
1260
1275
1360
1420
1460
1650
3330
6.
s
m
vw
1255
m = medium
vs =
Microns
I
9. Boron nitride
BN
810
12.35 w
1390
7.2 s
Cm. -1
Lithium carbonate
LipCOp
1 1 . 5 8 in
6.92 s
6.7
s
10.
864
1445
1490
11.
700
705
855
878
1440
1755
2500
2620
-3000
Sodium carbonate
NapCOa
14.3
in
14.2 m
11.7 v w
11.4 s
6 . 9 5 vs
5.7
m, sp
4.0
m
3 . 8 2 vw
3.3
m, vb
Calcium carbonate
CaCOa
14.0 w
11.4 s , s p
7 . 0 vs
5.6
vw
3.95 vw
715
877
1430
1785
2530
Cobaltous carbonate
COCOS
1 3 . 4 vw
11.55 m
6.9
vs
3 . 0 w , vb
17.
685
840
1410
18.
703
832
993
1030
1045
1325
1400
1620
1655
1890
2550
3060
3160
19.
662
698
838
1000
1035
1050
1295
1410
1460
1630
1660
1900
2040
2320
2500
2940
Lead carbonate
PbCOa
14.6 w
1 1 . 9 vw
7.1
YS
Ammonium bicarbonate
NHiHCOi
14.25
12.02
10.08
9.7
9.58
7.55
7.15
6.17
6.05
5.3
3.92
3.27
3.17
s
s, sp
w, SP
w , SP
vs, b
vs, s p
s
s
w
m
VS,SP
20.
705
833
990
1010
1370
1410
1630
2380
2600
2950
E}
5.27 m
5
vw
w (COZ?)
s. b
hficrons
I
Potassium bicarbonate
KHCOa
14.2 s
12.0 s , s p
10.1 s
9.9 9
m, sh
7.3
vs
7.1
6 . 1 5 vs
4.2
w
3 . 8 5 s , vb
3.37 m
s p = sharp
1210
1310
1345
2170
3450
25.
1420
1650
2050
2860
3060
3149
26.
758
950
1620
2020
3330
27.
746
945
1630
2020
3400
28.
1630
2060
3500
29.
835
1105
1150
1370
1615
2090
3450
14.17
12.0
10.2
9.9
8 25
7.65
7.1
6.1
4.7
3.8
s. imp.
s,rmp.
m, !mp.
m , imp.
m , sp.
n', s,p.
v s , !mp.
vs, imp.
s , yb
s , imp.
imp. = impurity
Cm. -1 Microns
I
31. Sodium metasilicate
NarSiOa. 5Hz0
715
14.0 s
775
12.9 s
832
12.03 s
980
10.2
YS
8.9
m
1125
8.58 m
1165
5.9
m
1695
2330
4.3
m
3280
3 . 0 5 vs, vb
32.
vs, sp
Sodium bicarbonate
NaHCOs
1 5 . 1 5 w (COZ?)
14.35 R
11.95
10.0
9.65
9.55
7.73
7.1
6.85
4.9
4.3
4.0
3.4
Cm. -1
vb = verybroad
Potassium metasilicate
KtSiOa
13.0
vw
1 0 . 1 vs, vb
6.15 vw
3.0
m
770
990
1625
3330
33.
Sodium silicofluoride
Na2SiFa
13.73 v s
m,sh
12.7
9.05 vw
728
790
1105
800
948
1090
1190
1640
3330
35.
s,sh
vw
Sodium nitrite
NaNOz
831
1250
1335
12.03
8.0
7.5
36.
w
w
vs
m, s p
vs
m,sh
Potassium nitrite
KNOz
830
1235
1335
1380
2560
3450
12.05 s , s p
8.1
vs
7 . 5 m, sp
7.25 m
3.9
vw
2.9
vw
37.
833
848
1250
1380
Silver nitrite
AgNOz
12.0 w
11.8 v w
vs
8.0
7.25 vs
12.2
8.1
7.53
6.1
2.98
2.85
39.
m , SP
;:i5}
6.13 w
5.75 w
w
3410
2.93
40.
836
1358
1790
2428
41.
824
1380
1767
42.
803
835
1348
m
m
m ,sp
Ammonium nitrate
NHiNOa
12.05 w
830
1340
1390
1630
1740
733
w
vs
Sodium nitrate*
NaNOa
11.96 m , s p
7.36 vs
5.59 v w
4.12 vw
Potassium nitrate
KNOI
12.14 m, s p
7 . 2 5 vs
5 . 6 6 vw
Silver nitrate
AgNOa
13.64 vw
12.45
11.98 w
vw
7.42 YB
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
1256
Table 11.
vw = very weak
w = weak
Cm. - 1
RZicrons
I
43. Calcium nitrate
Ca(N0a)z
820
12.20 w
9.58 vw
1044
s
1350
7 4
1430
7.0 s
6.1
m
1640
s
3450
2.9
44.
13.72 6 , SP
12.24 S , S P
7 . 4 0 vs
7.05 m,sp
5 64 w, SP
4.15
b
UT,
47.
807
836
1372
1640
3230
3410
726
807
836
1373
Lead nitrate
Pb(N0a)z
13.77 u'
12.39 v w
11.96 w, sp
7.28 w
835
1361
1613
1785
2440
3230
50.
816
1325
1380
1640
3390
55.
i:: I
56.
57.
59.
60.
1135
1155
1230
1640
3260
3460
%E5]
8.83
8.65
8.13
6.1
3.07
2.9
,"
m
w,sh
w
m
s
m, s h
vb = very broad
sp = sharp
::::}
71.
64.
65.
Sodium metaarsenite
NaAsO,
14.36 vs, b
13.35 m
12.9
w,ah
12.0 s, sp
11.8 s , s p
7.06 v w
6.85 m, sp
2.90 w , b
697
748
775
833
848
1420
1460
3450
--
72.
Calcium orthoarsenate,
tribasic
Ca,(AsO4)2
73.
2440
2700
66.
900
1080
1275
1420
1440
-1610
-2270
2900
3050
67.
4.1
3.7
Ammonium phosphate
monobasic
NHaHzPOa
11.1
w , vb
9.25 m, b
7.85 m
7.05 w, sh
6 . 9 5 rn
6.2
w, vb
4.4
w, vb
3 . 4 5 w, sh
3.28 m
--
1640
2850
2820
74.
75.
Potassium orthoarsenate,
monobasic
KHzAsOa
750
850
1020
1266
1585
-2275
-2740
--
6.1
m , vb
4 . 2 5 s, b
3.55 s , b
803
840
1040
77.
61.
62.
imp. = impurity
Cm.-' hlirrons
I
70. Calcium phosphate monobasic,
Ca(H2POa)z. ~ 2 0
670
14.9
m, vh
855
w, r b
885
915
10 9 ' v w , sh
950
10 5
s. h
1085
9 2
s,b
1160
8 6
w
1235
8 1 s,b
1640
6.1 m
2320
4.3
m, vb
-2980
3.35 s , v b
76.
51.
52.
35
b = broad
Cm. -1 Microns
I
63. Magnesium phosphate, dibasic
MgHP04.3H20
882
11.35 m
1020
9.8
s
1055
9.5
s
1160
8 6
8
Bismuth subnitrate
BiONOa. H20
12 27 vw
7.55 s
7.25 vs
6.1
vw
2.95 m, b
ah = shoulder
Microns
I
Calcium phosphate, tribasic
Caa(P0a)z
10.4 v w
962
1030
9 . 7 ' YS, vb
1085
9.2
3230
3 . 1 m, b
Cobaltous nitrate
Co(NOa)2.6HzO
12 4
vw, r b
11 96 w, 6p
7 29 vs
6 1 m
3 1
m , sh
2.93 s
48.
vs = very strong
54.
Barium nitrate
Ba(N0s)t
729
817
1352
1418
1774
2410
s = strong
Cm. - 1
Strontium nitrate
Sr(NOdz
45.
836
1378
1587
1790
2431
3170
3360
m = medium
68.
Potassium phosphate
monobasic*
KHzPOc
538
18 59 m
900
1 1 . 1 m, vb
1090
9.15 m , b
1300
7.7 m
1640
6 1
m, b
2320
4.3
m, b
1105
1410
3075
s. b
Arsenic trioxide
AS?Oa
1 2 . 4 5 vs
11.9
w, sh
9 6
vw, b
69.
iii:
m, b
m, b
vw, b
m, vb
m ,vb
m. vb
Antimony trioxide
Sb2Oa
14.5 w
1 8 . 5 vs
1 0 . 5 vw, b
690
740
950
79.
Magnesium phosphate,
monobasic
Mg(H2POa)z
755
13.2
w. vb
943
10.6
1040
9.6
m,vb
1150
8.7 J
1235
8.1
w , sh
1640
6.1 m
13.3
11.75
9 8
7.9
6.3
4.4
3.85
Ammonium sulfite
(NHa)zSOa. H20
9 . 0 5 vs, b
7 . 0 8 v s , sp
3.25 s
80.
960
1135
1215
Sodium sulfite
Na2S03
10.4
rs,b
11.35 w
8 2
vw
V O L U M E 24, NO. 8, A U G U S T 1 9 5 2
1257
very x e a k
Cni.-'
xv = weak
Nicrons
Calcium sulfite
CaSOs. 2HzO
:$; i:::
653
15.3
1100
1210
1625
3400
m = medium
667
1010
1130
1630
1670
2200
3410
90,
660
825
1025
1135
3225
Calcium sulfate
CaSOa. 2Hz0
14.95 s
9.9 w, sh
8.85
6.13
5,95
4.55
2.93
vs, vb
s. sp
w
m. b
s, b
Manganese sulfate
MnSOd.2HpO
15.15 m
12.1 s
9.78 nr
8.8
3.1
vs, vb
s, b
FeSOh. 7Hz0
16.37 s , v b
10.1 vw
9.2 vs, vb
8.7
m,sh
6.15 m
3.0 s , b
sh = shoulder
101.
Microns
93.
1080
1630
1650
3195
94.
Zirconium sulfate*
ZrSOa. 4Hz0
15 95 w
15.4 w
13.8 w
13 0 v w , sh
10 9 v n , sh
9 7 w, sp
9.25 vs, vb
6.12 m
6.05 m
3.13 s
,
Ammonium sulfate
85.
(NHa)zSOa
15.5 w
645
9.05 vs. b
1105
1410
7.1 vs, sp
5 , 7 5 vw
1740
3.25\
3032
3.161 s * s p
3165
89.
very strong
b = broad
Cm. -1
627
650
720
770
920
1030
m, b
~ sh ,
vw,vb
YS =
Cm. -1
9.1
8.3 vw
6.15 m,sp
2.94 s , s p
855
945
1020
1100
1160
1630
3170
3390
s = strong
665
1000
1115
1645
2250
3200
3360
3450
Magnesium thiosulfate
MgSzOr .6Hz0
-1n.O
s
10.0 s
8.95 vs
6.08 m
4 . 4 5 > v. vb
3.13
2.981 s
2.9 )
102.
Barium thiosulfate
BaSzOs.U2O
m
s
m
vw
m
820
848
877
1005
1065
1160
1280
1325
1640
2600
2900
Potassium bisulfate
KHSOa
12.2 w , s h
11 8 s
11.4 s
9.95 5
9.37 S , SP
8.6
vs,b
7.78 s
7.55 w, s h
6.1 w
m. vb
3.85 v w
3.45 s , v b
2:: j>
) '"
2080
3390
2.95 vs
Cm. -1
Potassium selenate
KsSeOa
12.35 v w . s h
12.13 s , sp
11.67
11.42
11.15
9.22
9.0
8.75
7.28
5.73
4.18
89?
Sodium metabisulfite*
Na&Os
4.56
21.91
14..58
.:
I2
a31
18.81 m
1.5. 171
660
fifi7
973
1,j.n /
in.25
0.4.5
8..5
7.9
lofin
11x0
1265
112.
vs
v w , sh
Potassium metabisulfite
KZSZO5
RR2
1,5.l
rn
475
1 0 . 2 5 cs
iofin
4.ii
10x0
9 . 2 i ni
104.
1105
9 0.5
R. i
105.
fi?7
702
865
lOR0
1085
-1190
1280
14211
3260
ni
7's
8.0 r w , ~ h
Ammonium persulfate
(NHi)zSzOq
15.7
vw
14.23 s
12.5- w
11 ..?.a 7-w
4.45
4.23
8.4
7.8
7.0.5
s,sp
3.07
m,
s , 3p
I060
9 1?
1270
7 88
1100
7 7
3300
3 02 w
107.
720
788
112.5
1450
3330
Sodium selenite
NazSeOa
18.7
vs
12.7 s
8.4 w , h
6.9 Nuiol
?
3.0 w, b
109.
@
860
1235
1420
1640
2320
-3140
Ammonium selenate
(NH4)zSeOa
13.0 \
i:;i31
vs,vb
11.63,'
8.1 w
7.03 s
6.1 m
1.3 ni
3.18 v s
938
962
1610
3S40
3570
116.
vs
770
114.
vs
w, sp
w,8p
Copper selenate
CuSeOa. 5Hz0
13.0 m, b
11.65 s
10.85 m
6.25 m , s p
3.1 \
2.951
113.
935
965
990
vw
vw
Sodium chlorate
NaClOa
10.7 s , s p
10.35:
10.1 ( vs
Potassium chlorate
KClOa
10.65 w
10.4
YS
t:;:5]
KzS201
14.1
770
858
922
1600
3220
3390
vw
m
vw
SD
w,sh
v'
710
1080
1110
1140
1375
1745
2390
vs
1's
Microns
875
857
103.
imp. = impurity
810
824
793
97.
sp = sharp
111.
117.5
1250
8.0
8.1
6.02
3.85
2.88
Rlicrons
vb = very broad
1060
1136
1420
3330
vs. v b
6.2 m,s p
2.83 s , s p
2.80 s , s p
Ammonium perchlorate
NHaClOa
9.45 v s
8.8 s , s h
7.05 s
3.0 s, sp
NaCIOI. HzO
0.1 vs, b
6.14 s , s p
4.93 vw
2.80 s , sp
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
1258
very weak
= weak
m = medium
C m - 1 Microns
I
120. Sodium bromate
NaBrOz
807
1 2 . 4 vs
121.
Potassium bromate
KBrOa
12.65 vs
790
122.
765
797
1280
Silver bromate
AgBrOs
13.08 s
12.55 vs
7 . 2 5 Nujol
?
123.
Sodium iodate
NaIOs
;;; i;:?}
vs
800
12.5
124.
738
755
800
Potassium iodate
KIO?
13.55 vs
13.25 s
12.5 w
i::8}
126.
848
Potassium periodate
KIOa
1 1 . 8 vs
680
820
855
890
915
1665
2125
3170
131.
858
935
Sodium metavanadate
NaVOa . 4 & 0
1 4 . 4 s, b
12.08 s
1 1 . 0 vw
10.7
10.45}
2.9
w, b
Ammonium chromate
(NHd)zCrO4
13.4 m
11.85 m, ah
11.55 vs, b
1 0 . 7 m. sh
7.1
8
6.05 m
3.5
m.sh
3.35 s
3.2
m,sh
s = strong
10.90
6.0
4.7
3.15
= very
= KBr
Cm.-1 Microns
Z
132. M a nesium chromate
MgErO4.7HzO
695
14.4
w, v b
765
1 3 . 1 w, b
855
11.7 m , s h
877
1 1 . 4 vs
1620
1650
::I%}
2270
4.4
m, b
3260
3 . 0 7 vs, b
133.
Barium chromate
BaCrOa
i i g ii:z5} vs b
930
3450
142.
::::1
vs.b
Potassium chromate
KzCrOh
11.65 w, sh
11.45 vs
10.7 s
very broad
820
855
900
1680
3280
143.
Copper dichromate
CuCrz01.2HzO
1 3 . 3 s , vb
10.65 s
6.15 m
2.9
s
Sodium molybdate
NazMoO,. 2 H ~ 0
12.2
vs
11.7 m
11.1 m , s p
5.95 w
3.05 s
Potassium molybdate
KzMoOa.5HzO
1 2 . 1 va
11.1 m
3.02 m
825
900
3310
144.
Ammonium heptamolybdate
(NHa)nMoiOzi.4HzO
663
1 5 . 1 vs
836
11.95 m
877
11.4
vs
913
10.95 w , s h
1420
7.05 s
1640
6.1
w
3080
3.25 s, b
sp = sharp
136.
745
950
1010
1300
1625
3460
3520
Aluminum chromate
Alr(CrO4)s
13.4 s , v b
10.5 s , b
9.9
s
7 . 7 vw
6.15 m
;:ii}
::%}
145.
810
822
8.50
925
1670
3310
Sodium tungstate
NazW04.2 H z 0
12.35 w , s h
12.15)
11,751 vss
10.8 w
6.0 w
3.02 s
794
1640
3390
Calcium tungstate
Caw04
1 2 . 6 vs, vh
6.1 w
2.95 m
153.
930
995
1630
1650
2015
3410
3510
Sodium dichromate
NalCrzOr .2Hz0
13.55 vs
12.8 m
11.25 8. sp
11.0 m , s p
9 . 0 7 vs
7.2
Nujol
1
8 , SP
2.85 8
;:A;}
139.
568
760
795
885
905
920
940
1305
Potassium dichromate*
KnCrzOi
17.61 w
13.15 vs
12.55 m
11.3 m, SP
11.05 m , s p
10.85 w , ~ h
10.65 vs, b
7 . 6 5 vw
148.
Sodium permanganate
NaMn04.3Hz0
840
1 1 . 9 vw, sh
896
11.15 vs
1625
6.15 s,sp
w,b
3510
2.85 s
$::: ::e}
149.
Potassium permanganate
KMnOd
845
11.85 w
900
11.1 vs
1725
5.8 w
150.
840
905
1625
3470
Calcium permanganate
Ca(Mn03z.4HzO
11.9
m
11.05 vs, b
6.15 8 , s p
2 . 8 8 vs
Potassium ferrocyanide
&Fe (CN)8.3H20
10.75 vw
10.05 vw
6.13 8 , sp
6.07 m
4 . 9 6 vs
;:%}
154.
Calcium ferrocyanide
CazFe(CN)n. 12Hz0
1615
6 18 m
2015
4 . 9 6 vs, sp
3390
2 . 9 5 vs, b
847
1333
1430
1575
1645
2665
2780
3450
Sodium cobaltinitrite
NaaCo(N0l)s
11.8 s , s p
7.5
vs
7.0
vs
6.35 m
6.07 w
3 . 7 5 vw,s p
3.6
vw, sp
2.9
m
157.
Ammonium hexanitratocerate
(NHdzCe(N0dn
745
13 42 8 , sp
803
12 45 m, sh
807
12.4 8 , sp
815
12 25 vw
1030
9 7 s, s p
1050
9 5
vw
1260
7 95 vs
1325
7 55 w
1420
7 05 s
1530
6 6
vs, b
3210
3 11 s, b
158.
138.
imp. = impurity
Cm.-1 Microns
I
151. Barium permanganate
Ba(Mn0a)t
840
11.9 m , s p
877
11.4 s
913
10.95 s
935
10.7 m
156.
vs, b
m,sh
s,sp
m, b
750
940
1625
3450
10.75 s , s h
2.9
w
vb
Cm.-1 Microns
I
140. Calcium dichromate
CaCrzO7.3HzO
725
1 3 . 8 vu.
830
12.05 m
900
11.1 m
940
10.65 s
1625
6.15 m
3450
2.9 s
141.
Sodium chromate
NaKrOd
14.7 m
i?::
11.2
vs
1410
1780
2000
2860
3070
3150
Ammonium chloride*
NHiCl
7.1
8 , sp
5.75 w,b
5.0
vw
3.5
m
::?!}
2918
2861
1458
1378
720
160. Nujol
3.427 s
3.495 a
6.859 m
7.257 m
13.89 w
V O L U M E 2 4 , NO. 8, A U G U S T 1 9 5 2
1259
one of the salt plates with a very thin layer of solid paraffin to
The purities of the samples are indicated in the legends for the
hold the particles in place (6, 7 ) . The fine powder may be precurves.
pared by grinding, by evaporation of a suitable solvent (6, 7 ) , or
Some idiosyncrasies of the curves warrant mention. Many of
by sedimentation ( 5 ) . Vacuum evaporation which has been
them show weak remnants of the carbon dioxide bands near 4.3
used for preparing films of ammonium halides ( I I ) , may be useful
and 14.8 microns. The latter always appears as a sharp upward
for other relatively volatile inorganic materials.
pip. Many of the curves exhibit a drop in transmission near
Spectroscopic Procedures. 8 1 1 samples were examined from
15 microns and then a small increase beginning at 15.5 microns.
2 to 16 microns with a Baird XIodel A infrared spectrophotometer.
The initial decrease is due to the absorption by the sodium chloride
Wave lengths are accurate to about zt0.03 micron, although for
plates, which was not compensated in the reference beam. The
broad bands the error of judging the center may exceed this. It
reason for the later increase is not known, but it is not real. It
was sometimes found that duplicate spectra for the same comhas the effect of suggesting an incorrect position for bands near
pound differed by more than this
amount. Some oossible reasons
are mentioned below.
Table 111. Infrared Bands of Various Nitrates (Cm.Representative ex a m p 1 es of
Intensity
m, s p a
w
m, sp
w
VS
S
S
VS
vw
several ions were examined in
..
, .
836
..
1358
..
..
1790
2428
the potassium bromide region
824
1767
..
1380
, .
..
733
803
835
1318
..
with a Perkin-Elmer 12B spec, .
..
820
1044
(1359)
( 1430)
(lii0,
737
..
815
..
1387
1795
1441
..
2iio
trometer. Likewise, a series of
729
..
817
..
1352
1418
1774
(2410)
ten nitrates was examined in the
(1785)
..
835
..
1361
, . . .
(1640)
i6ij
..
(807)
836
.,
1372
..
rock salt region with this same
836
..
1378
....
1587
1790
2431
726
807
836
..
1373
, .
..
instrument in order to fix the
Bands >3000 cm.-L are omitted.
wave lengths of absorption more
( ) Baird values, less accurate.
accurately.
a w, ni, s = weak, medium, strong. g p = sharp.
v = very.
No attempt was made to put
the spectra on a quantitative
basis.
RESULTS
16 microns. For example, in ferrous sulfate heptahydrate
The spectra are presented a t the end of this paper. Table I
( S o . 91) the curve indicates a band a t 650 cm.-l (15.5 microns),
lists the compounds examined and gives the numbers of the corbut actually it is a t 611 ern.-' (16.5 microns).
responding spectral curves. Table I1 summarizes the positions
DISCUSSION OF RESULTS
of the bands in wave numbers and in microns, and gives estimated
peak intensities. If more precise wave numbers have been
The spectra range in quality from surprisingly good ones, with
determined with the Perkin Elmer spectrometer, they are used.
sharp, intense bands (see curves for barium thiocyanate dihyAsterisks indicate those compounds examined in the potassium
drate, No. 28; strontium nitrate, No. 44; and ammonium
bromide region.
hexanitratocerate, No. 157,) to very poorly defined ones such as
The spectra themselves are shown in graphical form. Nujol
those for potassium silicate, S o . 32; monobasic magnesium
bands are marked with asterisks; portions of curves run in fluorophosphate, No. 69; and monobasic potassium orthoarsenate,
lube are indicated by an F. The spectra of Nujol and fluorolube
KO.75. I t seems to be characteristic of the phosphates, and
are included for comparison (No. 160). I n a few cases the ponder
especially of their monobasic and dibasic modifications, to have
was used without a mulling agent; these are indicated by P.
ill-defined spectra. The reason for this is not clear, but it may
be due to lack of a single, well-ordered crystal
c rn-1
structure.
Effect of Varying Positive Ion. One of the purposes of this study was to ascertain whether the
various ions have useful characteristic frequencies.
It was therefore of interest to know the effect of
altering the positive ion. The spectra of ten SUIfates are shown in Figure 1 in the form of a line
graph. I t is seen that two characteristic frequencies occur, one a t 610 to 680 em.-' ( m ) and
the other a t 1080 to 1130 cm.-l (s). There is
enough variation between the individual sulfates
so that it is often possible to distinguish between
them from the exact positions of the bands. Table
I11 presents similar data for ten nitrates. Again
there are characteristic frequencies, a t 815 t o
840 cm.-' (m) and 1350 to 1380 (vs). The authors
I
have been unable to find any orderly relation between the positions of these nitrate bands and a
MnSO4.2W
property of the positive ion, such as its charge or
I
I
mass. This is not surprising, for there are a t least
ZrSO4.4W
three reasons why a frequency may shift slightly as
I
I1 .
I
C r S 04' K2S 04
the kind of positive ion is changed.
24 W
Figure 1.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
1260
IW
/4n
I
10
A~
Z;\ $U:
40
f~
20
~I
500)
low
Urn
2SW
5
6
I
WAVE LENGlH IN MICRONS
I200
IIW
Sodium metaborste,
NaBOz
;I
C.P.
= bo
10
liW
Iwo
I1
12
I1
1s
I4
' 0
aw
b2S
700
Magnesium metaborate,
Mg(BOz)z.SH:O
C.P.
5
b
7
WAVE LENGTH IN MICRONS
WAVE NUMBERS IN CM
5wo
100)
Urn
2100
lwa
Ism
,104
I1W
I100
IO
IIW
Iwo
12
I1
WAVE LENGTH IN MICRONS
11
9w
I4
IS
7w
I6
b2S
100
lM
Lead metaborate,
Pb(BOdn.Hz0
IO
IO
560
bO
C.P
g*
40
20
20
5
6
7
WAVE LENGTH IH MICRONS
IO
I,
I1
I1
WAVE LENGTH IN MICRONS
I4
IS
I6
Sodium tetraborate,
Na2BO. 10Hz0
C.P.
WAVE NUMIRS IN C H
500)
(ooo
100)
2Mo
low
,5Wl,W
1100
IIW
llW
Iwa
9W
ud
IM
7w
625
Potassium tetraborate
KgBdO?.5HzO
IO
iz *
z
1"
20
0
WAVE LENGTH IH MICRONS
WAVE LENGlH
IH
MlCRMlS
P.
V O L U M E 2 4 , NO. 8, A U G U S T 1 9 5 2
1261
IW
80
i
ZbQ
I!
"
10
C.P.
M)
20
0'
IW.
\l/*la/ !1
11
IO
10
II
11
I1
I4
I.
I5
IO
V "
I
V
ilo
'1'"Sodium perborate,
60/
?;aBOa.lHdI
Y
E'O
'
'I
10
s5
Manganese tptraborate,
MuB4&.8HzO
6'*
II
L'
f, '0.
I
I
\AIL
1
I
(0
:L/;
C.P.
lh/--,
10
I
I
I
I1
I
I1
I1
10
0
I5
I4
Ib
SVX
100.
IO
1VX
4oW
<
ZSW
1VX
r
F
z
p7f
'
IIW l u x )
Q'
100.'
-#-10.
fa-
zi
615
loo
7m
10)
'm
10
I
I
7
I5W
lux)
1lW
1100
1100
10
11
IVX
I1
I4
700
iw
(w
I5
Ib
615
1'0
AR
u
64
40
lo
0
9
Lithium carbonate,
LizCOa
IO
Pure
I \,
i *-
Boron nitride, B N
1
~
9w
I
10
loo0
liW
uI
'Ob
IlW
c
L
1100
I1
I1
IS
Ib
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
1262
WAYL NUM?ERS IN C M '
5ccO
wO
3w0
15W
iico
1 5 w 1 4 c a 1100
lw(.
WAVE hLM5ERS Ih C U I
iom
)loo
FCO
100
6CC
bli
Sodium carbonate,
NazCOi
AR
Potassium carbonate,
KnCOi
AR
Magnesium carbonate,
basic, 3MgC.01Mg(OH)n.aHnO
Unk
Calcium carbonate,
CaCOa
AR
5wO
u40
1wO
2m
ISWilW
1004
I700
IIW
ll00
IW
IOW
9w
IW
IM
7
80
b15
BaCO:
-80
AR
"
5.f
I
~
1"
Y
10
--~
-
1-1
!
10
41
b
1
I 1
I1
WAVE LENGTH IN W C R M I S
10
I5
b0
V O L U M E 2 4 , NO. 8, A U G U S T 1 9 5 2
I,263
WAVE NUMlfRS IN u ( l
5
io0
Cobaltous carbonate,
COCOl
Unk.
5
b
I
WAVE LENGW IN MICRONS
11
I1
I1
WAVf LfNOTH IN MICRONS
14
16
lb
Ammonium bicarbonate
NHiHCOa
Sodium bicarbonate,
NaHCOa
C.P.
Potassium bicarbonate,
KHCOI
C.P.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
1264
IW
Sodium cyanide,
NaCN
80
'Na,CO.
k.
NaaCO3
impuritg
40
P
20
20
Potassium
cyanide
KCN
IlHCOa and
K:COa
impurities
Potassium
cyanate,
KOCN
Considerable
KHCO
impurity
Silver cyanate,
AgOCN
"Higheat
purity '
IW1
IO
mPY- I,/
fM
'
Ammonium thiocyanate,
2 5 1 m
"
AR
'D
E"
10
10
10
I
0
1
'
8
WAVE LENGTH IN' MICRONS
10
II
I1
WAVE LENGTH IN MICRONS
14
0
5
NHaSCN
80
-7
Ib
V O L U M E 24, NO. 8, A U G U S T 1 9 5 2
1265
Sodium thiocyanate,
SaECS
Potassium thiocyanate
KBCS
AR
Urn
3wO
1SW
3000
ISW
I4W
12w
IIW
I W
Iwo
9w
WAVE NUMIIERS IN CM
8W
b25
IW
100
IO
(0
(0
Barium t h ~ o c y a n a t e
Ba(SCX):.2HzO
C.P.
f
e
5"
$
10
20
sox 4ccc
3mo
25w
5
h
7
WAVE UN6TH IN MICRONS
WAVE NUMBERS IN CM
2000
I5W
l4W
l3W
17W
IO
IWO
I!
Vw
I2
I3
WAVf LENGTH IN MICRONS
I4
lb
bl5
lW
703
lW
1-
Mercuric thiocyanate,
Hg(SCS)*
(0
Pure
(0
I"
Y
20
10
SWO
IWO
4wO
ISW
5
6
7
WAVE ttNGrn IN M~CRONS
I+W
IIW
I1W
lax,
9w
It
I3
W A S Wlli IN MICRONS
15
I4
7w
Ih
hl5
-01
lop
Lead thiocyanate
Pb(SCN)*
IO
C.P.
kt4
n
<
rm
4Q
20
0
1
5
L
7
WAVE LENGTH IN MICRONS
IO
I1
I1
11
WAVE LEN6TH IN MICRONS
Ib
IS
Ib
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
1266
Sodium metssilicate,
NarSiOr5HaO
O.P.
Potassium nietrtsilicate,
KrSiOi
O.P.
Xm
IW
Io.
1800
u*yI
1100
100
Irn
110)
Ilm
la4
no
rr-"---/
*
8s "
Iyo
lOm
1W
800
(11
Sodium ~ i l i r o f l ~ ~ o r i d ~ ,
33
SazSiFe
w
a.p.
?-
I'
1
L
44
20
20
~
WAVE NUMBERS IN
I1
CM
ll
I+
I&
Ib
Silica gel,
SiOmHrO
WAVE U N 6 W IN MICRONS
5
IW
44
10
5
WAVE
LWOM IN HICRM
II
It
C.P.
V O L U M E 24, NO. 8, A U G U S T 1 9 5 2
1267
tm
'
-.
MI
1I
w
C.P.
fi
I
20
la
20
5
6
7
WAVE LEWTH IN UlCRONS
IO
1
2
WAVE LENGTH IN WCRONS
14
I5
WAVE NUMBERS IN CM I
WAVI NUMBERS IN C U I
Ib
Barium nitrite,
Ba(N0:hHsO
80
C.P.
Y
20
5
6
WAVE LLNGTP IH H U M S
0
IO
II
I2
WAVE ENOW IN
I1
mcRoNs
I4
I5
Ib
im
Animonium nitrate,
NHaKOs
W
C.P
20
5
WAVE UNOIH
7
MICROHS
WAVE NUMBERS IN C U
IO
II
12
I>
WAVE LENOM IH MICRONS
I4
Ib
WAVE HUMBEIS IH C W
AR
a
WAVf YHCM IN MICRONS
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
1268
5wO
W
UDO
105)
2SW
2mO
ll00
IXd
rn
im
b25
700,
loo
l P \ w d '4l Io
//
1'
60
IlW
llm
1100 l4M
A 11
bo/
;
g
S
Potassium nitrate,
KSOa
'
401
10
10
10
0
1
IS
Ib
Calcium nitrate.
Ca(Pi0dp
C.P
Strontium nitrate,
Sr(XOd3
Unk.
WAVE WUMlERS
N CM
5
100
(D
10
10
5
b
7
WAVE LENbTH H MICRON5
10
It
I1
I1
WAVE LEN6lV IH MICRMIS
16
IC
1b
V O L U M E 24, NO. 8, A U G U S T 1 9 5 2
1269
Cuprio nitrate,
Cu(XOi):.3H:O
C.P.
Cobaltous nitrate,
CO(;203)
2.6 I20
AR
AR
100.
IW
80
z
2
bo-
i9
20
no
i'
3-
\r'
AR
Ferric nitrate,
Fe(S03)3.9H20
*7
49
"
- '
\ /
,
4a
"
'
20
I
V
2
I3
WAVE LENGTH IN MURCUS
0
Ik
I5
Ib
Bismuth subnitrate.
BiOSO3.HnO
Unk.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
1270
IW
80
EM
'0
\J
"
f
Y
5 M Mo(
I w - ' I (
" '
3oW
, 2'W'
'
3- ji !
L:j
lol
0
swo k4f8
IW
80
'
!'
10
0
2
I4
IS
Ib
i 52lw
2100
zoo0
lua
Ism
I2W
IlW
IlW
IO
Imo
11
c. P
40
I20
i
I1
I2
/--..,
b25
700
153r
I
J
i?
ba
I
I
C.P.
4a
Magnesium phosphate,
tribasic,
Mga(POdyAHz0
I8O
~1
t
5
b
WAVE LEN6TH IN MlCRMiS
' 0
15
I*
aw
(00
-$
Potassium phosphate.
tribasic, &PO4
10
IC/
I
I; I
I
I
:i
I I
I
I2
I1
WAVE LENGTH IN WCROHS
Z"
\\
'A
P
g,
g
I1
b-,*
?I
:1*
1m
" .
4a
/I
a-
I'\
\ I
\ I
I
80
b4
20
I
b
7
W A M L W l H IN MICRONS
AR
/
( 1
10
0~
2
Eodium phosphate,
tribasic, NalP04.12H;O
51:
I
IO
0
0
I1
I2
I3
WAVE LENOW IN MICRONS
Ib
Calcium phosphate,
tribasic, Cas(PO4)r
r.e
Manganese phosphate,
tribasic,
Mni(POdp.7H10
C.P.
V O L U M E 24, NO. 8, A U G U S T 1 9 5 2
Imp
1271
WAVf NUMBERS IN CM1
tmo
2100
Ima
IW
I-
IZW
IIW
IN
tW
imp
iim
IW
/
ir\ 7
1
.
m
.,
,
qoo
LIS
/ *
I
I
/,
\ \,
L,
7
I
Copper(ic) phosphate,
tribasic,
Cut(POa)z.3H10
C P
5wO
ION
IWP
25W
WAYZ NUMBfRS
ZOW
H CM
15w
Iuc
Lm,
1100
lIW
Iwo
100
IN
b15
phosphate, tribasio,
58Iw Lead
PbdPOdz
IO
C.P.
I?
I
I
'
i*
10
I
5
b
7
WAVE LENGTH IN MICRONS
12
I1
WAVf LENGTH IN HhROlll
0
I4
I5
Ib
WAVE NUMBERS IN CM
5
iw
(0
Chromic phosphate,
tribasic,
CrPOc.Hn0
P.P.
40
20
5
b
I
WAVf LfNGTH IN UICROM
IO
I1
I1
I>
WAVf LENGTH IN MKRONS
0
I4
I6
Ammonium phosphate,
dibaaio,
(NHOrHPOt
C.P
A N A L Y T I C A L CHEMISTRY
1272
WAW W
S IN CU-
l5a
IUD
I1rn
I200
llrn
WAVE NUMDERS IN C U I
700
100
Im,
b25
100
100
80
I"
10
I
1
5
b
1
WAVr W T H IN UCRONS
IW
10
I1
I2
I1
WAVr LW6W IN MICRONS
I4
I5
Ib
Potassium phosphate,
dibasic, K ~ I I P C I
(0
C.P.
E M
o4
20
WAYS W T H IN MKRONS
llagnesium phosphate,
dibasic, MgHPOa.3HzO
C.P
w urn
Irn
1m
2x0
WAYS NUMBERS IN CU I
WAVE NUMBERS IN C U I
2wo
5
ID3
10
Calcium phosphate,
dibasic. CaHP04.2H20
m
C.P
jM
f
Lo
5"
10
20
0
2
5
6
I
WAVE UNSW IN UKROM
IO
0
II
12
I1
WAVE LENGTH IN MICRONS
I4
I5
Ib
WAVE NUMllRS IN C U I
Barium phosphate.
dibasic, BaHPOi
C.P.
5
b
7
WAVr LBTW N W W
IO
I1
I1
t i
WAVE LWSM IN MICRONS
I4
I5
Ib
V O L U M E 2 4 , N O . 8, A U G U S T 1 9 5 2
1273
IW
IO
ao
kb3
n
lJ
~-
5 a8
20
.
I
In
-v'd
20
I
L
lW
68~
.-
\J
2
5"
i0
IO
20
I
5
ia
IW
C.P
Potassium phobphate,
monobasic KHlPOl
C P
IbO
i*)
10
I
b
1
WAVE UNOTH IN *UCRON5
It
2
3
WAVE UNSTH IN MICROM
I4
16
Ib
.\Iagnesium phosphate
monohaeic, 3Ig(HzPO&
cC . P.
P.
I
0
6
b
7
WAVI W ? H IN MICRONS
ID
I1
I2
I3
W A X M O T H W MICRONS
I4
IS
Ib
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
1274
Sodium rnetaaraenite,
YaAsOe
AR
IWW(
I
1
72O0
Ii
Calciuni orthoarhenate,
tribasic, Cas(AsOd2
to
C.P.
M
4a
l,
\
f/
XI
0
3
5
b
7
WAVf LfNGTH IN MICRONS
ID
12
I1
WAVE LLNGTH IN MICRONS
IS
I4
Ib
Unk.
Lead orthoaraenato,
dibasic. P ~ H A s O I
C.P.
WAVE NUMPfRS IN CM
X48
1000
*Dp
2100
IWO
Sm
110)
Ilm
,100
llm
Imp
9m
W A M NUHIILRS IN C H I
UD
7m
bZS
Im
P o t a w u r n orthoarsenate,
inonohasic, KH14a04
iR
M
4a
m
0
2
5
6
7
WAVE LENGTH IN MICRONS
10
II
I2
I3
WAVE LfN6lH IN HKRONS
I4
I6
Ib
VOLUME
24,
NO. 8, A U G U S T 1 9 5 2
1275
Yodirirn
1276
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
Potassium sulfite.
K?S0!.2H?0
I,
Calcium sulfite,
CaSOi.2H20
C.P.
Ammonium sulfate,
(NHWOd
Unk.
1277
AR
AR
Calcium sulfate
CnS04.2H20
AR
aiilfare,
JInSOc2HzO
XIangnn-e
C.P.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
1278
Ziroonium sulfate,
ZrEOi,4H?O
BO
C.P.
,
,
oi
rJ
I 20
IO
I,
12
13
15
Ib
fii
!
IO
g i
5
bo;
10
z l
20-
ol
,I
'
bo
; . j ~I
__r
f~
5
J
110
I
5
WAM
tEwm
b
7
IN MICRONS
j"
i
0
Unk.
i
,
"
0
_ ,
Chroiniu~npotassium
ralfare, CI.E(SOI)J.lirR0~.24H:O
I1
,I
IC
I,
I5
10
I6
Ammonium bisulfate,
NH4HSOl
C.P
V O L U M E 2 4 , NO. 8, A U G U S T 1 9 5 2
1279
AK
Potassium bierilfate.
KHSOI
AR
Aiiiruoniurii thiosrilfate
( Ni,)..S2OI
C.P
Sodium thiobulfatr,
xa:S*03.5H?o
.IR
Potassium thioniilfntr,
KnSrOa.Hr0
C.P
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
1280
I1100
IHD
31100
k1100
IW
WAVE NUMBERS IN CM
2Wa
IHDiHiO
,IS0
l1W
two
ilW
PW
W A M NUMBERS IN CM
BOO
700
b2S
IW
Magnesium thiosulfate,
hlgS20a.6H10
C.P.
Barium thiosrilfatr,
Be&Oa.H>O
C.P
Sodium ~netahisrilfite,
Wa?PtOs
Potassium nietittiisuifite,
Ii2SnOr
AR
IW,
Arnmoniuni persillfate.
(NHI)?S~O~
IO
4 1
.IR
1~
!bo7A
5
E
10
20
+i
* i
I
~
I
4
'il
II
I1
I4
I5
Ib
V O L U M E 24, NO. 8, A U G U S T 1 9 5 2
1281
Potassium persulfata,
KnStOs
C.P.
Pt i y e
IW
5 M
40
Vnk.
1
20.
,I
I
20
\/
i
I
(0
\ /
selenite,
'I 08ImCopper
CuSeOL2HZ0
Y *? A
II
I2
I3
I4
IS
I6
Sodium selenate,
SazSe04.10H~O
C.P.
1282
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
rKa urn
ma
mo
b%
100
,Cd
80
Potassium Belenate,
KzSeOi
C.P.
60
20
10
5
b
7
W A M LENCTH W MICRONS
IO
I1
I1
I3
WAM LENSTH IN MICRONS
I4
I5
Ib
Copper selenate,
CuSeOc5HzO
C.P.
AR
Potassium chlorate,
KClOa
AR
Barium chlorate.
Ba(C10a)z.HaO
C.P.
V O L U M E 24, NO. 8, A U G U S T 1 9 5 2
1283
WAVE N V H l E R S IN C U '
W A S NUMBERS IN C M I
IW
80
L.P.
M
4c
20
5mo
IW
ImO
UC4
I=
$10
11m
1100
Iom
I2
I3
W A M LLHSTH IN MICRONS
10)
sw
8W
I4
16
I6
&
11
11 ;ir
lrn
14w
II
IO
\n,.L'-\,
*
f""
1
',ii
s$ *
7.
lrm
2mO
p?,
IO
5
6
WAVE LENOTH IN MICRONS
I
LJ
10
t
0
ym
1w-
urn
3om
250)
2om
150)
14w
I
13W
la
I
IlW
ImO
> ! .I
80
:/
, ,
7w
)IS
i IS'*
80
AR
b0
I #
2Z W
'
I
0
\,
IW
r rL
0
I2
I1
87 '
ZW
2
10
nf
I\ i
11
1
\L
I
I
IS
r'
1[
I
1
Mgd104
11 1191
10
I1
Ib
-lW
I
,
/*
I - '
I
10
02*+-
I
0
I4
/?\
d*
02I+!
11
10'
I
-
1
I
;
l
?r
IO
bo
I3
lo
I+
IS
Ib
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
Potassium bromate,
KBrOa
hR
10
I9
I1
I,
IS
Ib
Potasaium iodate. K I O i
Unk.
Calcium iodate,
CaIOa.BHz0
O.P.
V O L U M E 2 4 , NO. 8, A U G U S T 1 9 5 2
1285
Potassium periodate,
KIO4
C.P.
.4mmonium metnvana.
date, NHcVO:
c. P
Sodiurn rnetavunadate.
SnVOz.IHr0
Sodium chromate.
KaL'rO4
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
1286
ym
urn
3m0
Ism
WAVf NUMBERS
ZmO
M CM'
IUD
,100
1100
Im
I200
1100
wo
ImO
WAVE NUMBERS IN
800
'rlV$
-I
!5 ** z
1m
b2S
IW
IO
Potassium chroinate,
KnCrO4
I
rA
\\ P,
i 9,'
I
20
CM'
I
4
IO
//J
O
10
W'
,I
I1
I
0
I
I4
I5
Ib
l l a g n e j i u n i chroniate,
f iiii
I\
MgCrO~.iH~O
10
C.P.
Zinc rhromate.
ZnCr04.7IipO
C.P.
pm
WAVf NUHIERS IN
8W
CMl
1m
V O L U M E 24, NO. 8, A U G U S T 1 9 5 2
1287
136
Aluminiini chromate,
Alz(CrO4)i
M
C.P.
1
1
I
-/I
,
I
oI
,'
m>YE
Wr(0
im
5
1
7
WAVE W T H IN MICRONS
nm
IUD
I,
lua
Ilm
110
IlW
10
!/
lmo
em
Ho
625
7m
I 37'
l
'V
~~
10
I1
I1
I3
WAVE LENGTH m WCROHS
40
Sodium dichroinate,
NatCrtO; .2 1 2 0
I38
W
C.P
-c
IS
I4
1-
rl
i i'L
44
IV
0
5
b
7
WAVE W T H IN MICRONS
mnm
uyx)uDo
IO
20
I *
7T
1 -
1I
!\!
!/[
- I
!/
\1 I
,VI
5
b
7
WAVE LINGTH IN MKlOHS
IO
iM
\r
I
C.P.
S
'
100
i : \,
d i
Ammoniuni dichroniate,
(XHi)zCrSO;
80
1
~
I5
<
,I
IO
WAVE NUMBERS H
laa
II
I1
I4
Ib
W'
IUD
1100
im
iim
WAVE HUMERI IN W1
iiw
ID^
ua
b15
700
im
IC4
Potassium dichromate.
K~CTSOT
L-nk.
i
fbQ
;;"
40
:
Y
20
row urn
nm
0
5
WAVE UNOW
b
7
IN I ~ O N S
IUD
Imo
IUD
iua
iim
IIW
itw
IO
imo
I1
I1
I3
WAVE LEMGTH IN MKROM
WAVE NUMDERS IN C M '
9m
em
IS
I4
7m
Ib
bl5
Calcirini dichromate.
CaCrzO;.SHrO
C.P.
I *Y
II
4
I
1
5
WAVE LINGW
WRONS
10
I1
I1
WAVE LENGTH IN MKROHS
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
1288
IW
~
I4I
Copuer dichromate,
C uCr& .S H 2 0
II S
110
i P.
\r
m~
5"
$ 1
I
4a
10
I
I
IO
10
I/
,I
1
0
I5
Ib
>odium molybdate.
SaAfo0~2HzO
.4 R
Iopdurn
-2
lwo
ludm
Iffl
AT
$@
Z"
!~
20
C.P.
molybdate,
I 43:Im Potassium
KzMoo4.mo
\J
10
'10
'
-" . I
S
b
WAE W T H M UCRONS
l o
,I
1
I1
WAVE LENOlH IN W C U S
I,
IS
,4z .4 m nion u ni
I
53 -,pf,
J
M
I"
he1)tamolybdate
~NH~)s~Io;Ou.4HiO
.1R
4
10
10
5
b
7
WAVE LENOM IN MICRONS
IO
I.
I5
I6
lm
Sodium tungstatr,
S~~WOL~IIIO
(0
c P.
M
10
5
b
7
WAVE LEN6M IN MICRONS
0
,I
I.
I5
Ib
1289
Potassium tungstate
KzWO4
C.P
Calcium tungstate
Caw04
Pure
I1W
IM
IIW
em
Iwp
..
'15
7m
I
'
-,i
,~
',
I48
~,-.--
I4
Sodium permanganate.
NaMnOc3HzO
C.P
bo
'
"i,:
I
*
f
10
;,
5
6
7
WAVE LENGTH IN MICRONS
IO
WA-
Mm
UD)
IW
1m
2mo
lxx)
lux)
llm
,100
IIW
Imo
.m
I3
I2
I4
15
W l H IN Y C I C U S
W A M NWlERS IN W-l
7m
8rn
b25
im
10
I4
E
5
AR
= 60
Potassium permanganate,
KhlnOi
40
10
10
20
5
b
WAVf LEN6TH IN MICRMIS
1,
11
11
W A M LWOTH IN MICRONS
I.
0
I5
Ib
Calcium permanganate,
Ca(MnOa)z.4Hn0
C P
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
1290
Bariuui permanganate
Ra(3lnOi)z
C.P.
Sodium ferroeyanide,
SaiFe(CN)s.lOH.O
C.P
Potas.ium ferrocyanide,
KqFe(CX"i).3I1~0
hK
sbx rom
'
rn
2rm
15m
Im
10
Ef M
II
\,
110
Pure
i~
60
10
,I
IO
IIO
I
I
Ca!cium ferrocyanide,
CarFe(CN)s.l2H>O
I54
J I
I
J
5*
I
5
O
9
I1
,I
I,
I5
Ib
Potassium ferricyanide,
KsFe(CN)s
AR
V O L U M E 24, NO. 8, A U G U S T 1 9 5 2
5WO
IMo
1wP
2x4
WAVE NUMBERS IN C M 1
1x4 I r n
1wP
I1W
1291
IIW
IIW
lca
aw
VW
615
7W
Sodiuiii coliultiriitritr
NarCo iSO.!*
f-
I
1
LO
1 -
%
. K
I
I
157Iw
r-\
I
'e
I
~
10
AR
Barium chluride,
BaC12.2H10
.i R
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
1292
Table IV.
1.0
1
Eniiwion
Sa
I.;
Ca
Independrnt d n a l y - e .
Infrared
SaHCOi
Final
Cornbined
rinalysis
X-ray
Actual
Composition
WaHCOi
CaCOr
KSOi
NH4NO.I
SO,--Silica eel
4T14SOI
Very poor pattern
Silica gel
.II
Ph
Yellon
I'ellon-
Na
ICKr20;
K
N a S C S or N H i K S
Cr
Ifp(cloi)?
Sulfide odor
Ph Y
Cd
SiL?HlOi
Bi
Sa
AI
K*CI.yOi
NaSCN
AIg(ClO,)?"
Pb 1
Sothing
Very poor p a t t e r n
KilCrzOi
S-aSCX
RSCS
CaS0. L H j O
NazBIO; 10H?O
CdS
SaBiOx '!
SatBaO; IOtLO
CdS
')
c ?P
.\IO
Ca
I.;
S a '?
Sr 11
K*S?O6
CaCOa
PhCrO4
KazSOr Y
Caar PO, I 2
Sh
Si
P
ca
C
P?
Ba
Na
I.
.11 ?
SI.? 7
KaI.03
Ba(K0s
A nitrate; prohahly BaPhSOI '?
isos)?.possibly SaSOz
Other component(s)
Possibilities:
Another nitrate, SaBrOl. Sa?WO, or
K?\VOi. S a l l o O , or K l l o O ~
Changing the positive ion may produce a different crystallin? arrangement, resulting in a
different symmetry or iiitensity of the electrical
field around a negative ion.
A difference in t,he type or extent of hydration
probably alters some of the frequencies.
Cm-1
700
600
8 BO;
840:
c coj
nco;
SILICATES
N NOi
NO:
900
1100
!OW
1200
soq
*A
L l
II
nso;
3
5
ClOi
Br Br 0;
I lo;
v voj
c, c,o;
GE .o=
!
* s
- k
l
i
-1-
1
3
4
3
3
2
8
600
Figure 2.
700
800
900
1000
1100
IPW
1300
1400
L
*LP
No h b o i 2
w wo;
3
Mn MnOZ
s20j 2
szoi 2
se sao;
2
s*o;
c uo;
IO
s20g
NH;
17
P Po:
9
HPOq 6
H PO' 5
2. 4
5 SO;
6
1400
1300
-21
SCN'
800
V O L U M E 2 4 , NO. 8, A U G U S T 1 9 5 2
1293
1100
1100
IIW
1000
t>
-4
IO
II
WAVE LENGTH,
Figitre 1 .
I n vier\
caw
12
2
5
y
I3
1.1
Znonialous H a n d in Unknown 3
(:a301 .hould be w r i t t e n C a S 0 ~ . 2 A ? 0
A N A L Y T I C A L CHEMISTRY
1294
Another portion of the same heated mixture was esposetl to air
under more humid conditions for an hour and then mulled in
Nujol: two bands again resulted.
This mull was opened to the air for an additional half hour,
and only one band was found.
\\-hen calcium sulfate dihydrate alone was heated overnight
a t 170" C., three bands were found. The sulfate vibration absorbing near 1100 cni.-l is triply degenerate (12), and this may be a
case of splitting of the degeneracy as a result of altering the crystal symmet'ry. Finally, potassium sulfate has exhibited a similar variability in this same band,
.
_-_
Fe(CN)s--Fe(CKjc---Fe(CS)sNO--
cm.- 1
2100
-2010
2140
1923
847
Ce(S0ds- -
1336
1430
745
SO?
1080
1260
1420
1530
Simple Ion
csC?i cs -
XO (gac)
SOP
SO,-
cm.-1
2070-80
2070-80
2070-80
1878
820-33
1235-80
1328-80
i26-40
815-35
...
13.40-80
EX1
(1950'.
.ici.epted J u n e 7 , 19z2