University of the East Caloocan

Department of Computer Studies and Systems

University of the East

Caloocan Campus
College of Engineering
Department of Computer Studies and Systems

Martinez Institute of Basic Education

Route Finder System

A Thesis
Presented to the Faculty of
Computer Studies and Systems
University of the East
Caloocan City

In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree of
Bachelor of Science in Computer Science

Abanco, Arljune B.
Andrin, John Cleford B.
Gloria, Ryan C.
Tadioan III, Servando P.

May , 2015

University of the East Caloocan

Department of Computer Studies and Systems

Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION
In todays modern age traveling to an unknown city or province is an
easy thing to do. With the use of navigation tools like route finder systems
being lost on the way can be minimize. Unlike using paper maps to manually
plot the routes to take, route finder system can automatically give route path in
a blink of an eye by just inserting a starting point and choosing and end point. If
it happens that the presented route is not favorable some route finder systems
can give an alternative direction for the users convenience.
Route finder systems was also been starting to implement on different
plants, hospitals, museum and on different university campuses to give
convenience to guests and visitors.
Route finder system is essential in assisting ones way. Imagine that it is
your first time entering an educational institution or university campus that is so
large in extent and you have a schedule to catch up like college entrance
examination. You wish to head directly to the examination room that has been
assign where to take the exam.
Unfortunately, you are not familiar yet to the vicinity of the school and
end up asking help from staffs that tends to gives you a long sequence of
complicated directions where you cannot able to memorize every single details

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Department of Computer Studies and Systems

that has been given. But in using route finder system you can able to get more
detailed information on how to reach your designated room at ease.

1.1 Background of the Study

School
In 1936, founders Dr. Antonio C. Martinez and wife Luz A. Martinez put
up a small private clinic called the Country Clinic to serve the people of
Caloocan for their medical needs. Though the business is doing well, the
founders decided to improve their clinic to make it hospital. While improvements
were being done, tragedy struck the Martinez family due to the untimely death
of Dr. Martinez. The family, together with Mrs. Luz Martinez continued on the
dream. Thus, It was in 1952 after the death of Dr. Martinez that the Country
Clinic changed its name to become the Martinez Memorial Hospital.
In 1962, The Martinez Memorial School of Nursing was formed and the school
of nursing evolved into the Martinez Memorial Colleges in 1968.
In 2012, some members of the Martinez family together with Dr. Rosario De
Ocera, Dr. Asuncion Manalo and Dr. Lilian Enriquez, decided to come up with a
school that caters to the primary and high school levels. The school hopes to
form young minds to become great positive contributors to society. Thus, the
Martinez Institute of Basic Education was formed in 2013. The school hopes to
continue the legacy of Dr. Antonio and Luz Martinez.

University of the East Caloocan

Department of Computer Studies and Systems

Navigation
For centuries maps have been used by travelers, tourist, voyager etc. to
transit from one place to another. Navigation devices and digital maps have
been started to use from the last decade up to the present to locate the position
of the user and assist in giving navigational directions. Recently, maps become
more than just a visualization tool for navigations. They are now aiding tool to
enhance the reliability of information obtained from navigation solutions.
Almost all navigation tools nowadays are relying on digital maps as the
primary media for displaying navigation information to the user. These tools are
integrated with GPS (Global Positioning System) receiver. Systems like these
usually provide accurate positioning information but they can only do so in
GPS-friendly environments. In GPS-denied environments, such as indoor
facilities, navigation has difficulty in maintaining accurate positioning information
due to GPS signal blockage.
As the Martinez Institute of Basic Education continues to grow the
institution is still not offering a system that can help visitors in locating specific
room or office in its vicinity. Though its land area is not that large most of the
students, guests and visitors find it difficult to arrive at a specific point inside the
university efficiently. Even given the direction and that rooms and offices has its
labels visitors still having a hard time in finding one.
Implementing a route finder system can be a great help. Users of the
usual route finder application need to key-in the location of interest where they

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Department of Computer Studies and Systems

wanted to go by means of the usual keyboard or by on-screen keyboard on

touchscreen monitors.
This system can be a great help for visitors and upcoming freshmen
students so that they do not need to ask any more for long and complicated
directions.
1.2 Statement of the Problems
The following problems encountered by the respondents:
1. Inaccessibility of college staff to assist the visitors to the
respective place/department.
2. The provided guidance is not precise enough bringing about
making incorrectly turns that lead in circumnavigating around the
spot
3. Some students are unaware in the existence of some offices in
their university.
4. How do the respondents evaluate/ assess the proposed study in
terms of the following:
4.1 Accuracy
4.2 Reliability
4.3 Speed
4.4 User-friendly
4.5 Accessibility
1.3 Objectives of the Study
1.3.1 General Objective
The proponents aim to develop a route map finder application using
speech recognition in order to prevent being lost and that can save time, energy
as well as the effort of the users/visitors in circling around the place. The
proponents will implement speech recognition that can minimize the GUI

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Department of Computer Studies and Systems

interaction thus keeping the users at ease that lacks in other existing systems.
The project will be having a blinking or beating icon that will appear on the map
indicating that it is the point of interest of the user.
1.3.2 Specific Objectives
The following are the specific objectives of the proposed system:
1. To be able to develop a route map finder system that can assist
visitors/ guests to the respective place/ department inside the vicinity
of the university.
2. To design a route map finder system that will give accurate and easy
to understand direction thus minimizing incorrectly turns.
3. To produce a route map finder system that can give guide information
to students for some offices in the university that they are not familiar
to.
4. To create a route map finder system that allows the respondents
evaluate/ assess the proposed study in terms of the following:
4.1 accuracy
4.2 reliability
4.3 speed
4.4 user-friendliness
4.5 accessibility
1.4 Significance of the Study
The propose project will provide interactive map where users can easily
find the best possible route to reach the desired location without using GPS
technology within the vicinity of the university. The route map finder will provide
instruction on how to reach desired site. These instructions are not just worded

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Department of Computer Studies and Systems

procedure but will also show visual output for better understanding of the given
instruction.
School: With the use of the proposed system the Instituttion can serve
well to their students, guests and visitors in navigating certain places
inside the school building in an easier way that can saves a lot of time

and effort.
Visitors/ Guests: The proposed system can help greatly in assisting
visitors/ guests in providing accurate directions that can make their visit

in the school more smoothly and conveniently.

Alumni: Giving updated information for visiting old students for them
not to be lost.

Future Researcher: This study could be a future ideal model or

reference for a route finder system for the upcoming researchers who
want to enhance this research.

1.5 Scope and Limitations of the Study

Scopes of the proposed system:
1. The system will show the latest geographical map of the Martinez
Institute of Basic Education.
2. It will show existing rooms and offices within each building by floor
level.
3. The project will provide tutorial on how to use the proposed system.

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Department of Computer Studies and Systems

4. The proposed system will provide the shortest route to take in order
to arrive at the desired location and will also provide alternative ways
that can take if the shortest route is not accessible.
Limitations of the proposed system:
1. The proposed system is intended for Martinez Institute of Basic
Education only.
2. The study is limited only for keyboard in accepting users input.
3. Any constructions or physical-relocation of offices that is still ongoing
will not be included in the system.
4. The system to be develop is a stand-alone application.
5. It can only run in Windows operating system.

1.6. System Specification

The following requirements will be used in order for the proposed system
to run:
1.6.1 Minimum System Requirement

Processor 2.5Ghz processor

Operating System Windows 7(32 bit)

RAM 2GB

Screen Resolution - 1440 x 900 px

Built-in Speaker

Microphone or Built-in Microphone

University of the East Caloocan

Department of Computer Studies and Systems

1.6.2 Recommended System Requirement

Processor 3.0 Ghz processor

Operating System Windows 7(64 bit)

RAM 4GB

Screen Resolution - 1440 x 900 px or higher

Built-in Speaker

Microphone or Built-in Microphone

Chapter 2

RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Some related literature and study has been gathered in connection to the
proposed study by the proponents. This section explains the important

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Department of Computer Studies and Systems

contribution of each researched materials to the study thus bringing knowledge

and ideas among readers. Research studies were also included for further
discussion of the significance of the proposed system compared to those
closely like systems. Through e-books, e-journals and mostly on the web where
the gathered materials has been obtained.
2.1 Review of Related Literature
2.1.1 Foreign Literature
At San Antonio Military Medical Center making a wrong turn is frequently
to happen because of prodigious size of 2 million-square feet with nearly 300
destinations. With the help of the new technology that has been placed to main
entrances of the building this wrong turn incidents can be minimize. This is with
the use of Wayfinder, an interactive touch screen map kiosk that helps patients
and visitors navigate their way throughout the medical center easily and quickly.
Its a simple process--anyone can go up and type in a key word or a title on the
computer monitor, search for their specific locations in the hospital and the
Wayfinder will give animated directions or even print out a map for them at the
nearest information desk," said Maj. Chadwick Fletcher, BAMC Chief
Technology Officer. He also added that their Wayfinder has a unique feature
that can work on smart phones. "It is the QR Code or Quick Response Code,"
he said. "This allows the Wayfinder to bring up the printed directions and then
transfer the information to a smart phone using the phone's QR App". The
Information Service supervisor named Marcos Garcia believed that with the use

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of Wayfinder visits at SAMMC can go a little smoother. Garcia said that their
information staff and volunteers get very busy answering phones that took
between two and three-hundred phone calls a day on average. That is why
Wayfinder is a big help for the hand to speak but no to replace their people.
Currently there are six Wayfinders located at all SAMMC main entrances that
are ready to assist and guide patients to wherever they need to go. (Shields,
2014)

According to Scott (2006) the QUICKfinder has been offered to help

visitors learn about plants. This technology allows visitors to search for
locations of living woody plants and dedicated trees by using the touch screen
kiosk in the entrance foyer of the Scott Arboretum Offices.
Searches for individual plants can be done by common or botanical
name, species or cultivar. Create a Tour automatically arranges the selected
plants by distance, creating a numbered walking tour. Maps can be viewed onscreen or printed in the reception lobby. Dedicated trees can be located using
the Locate a Dedicated Tree button by entering part of the persons name for
whom the tree was dedicated on the touch screen keyboard. When you select
the view location button, a map will be composed showing the location. These
maps may also be printed in the nearby front desk. (scottarboretum.org, 2011)

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An article in Copenhagenize website states that a new bicycle route

planner has hit the Danish Internet and its pretty cool. Haunstrup(2010)
developed a cycle route planner as thesis project at the Institute for Geography
and Geology at University of Copenhagen that was further developed and
administered at Web Bureau Klikbart. What makes it more interesting and
useful than other existing route planner is that you can choose from five
different routes namely:
Shortest route Get there in a hurry, but take care!
Optimal route Use the best cycle tracks and get there a little bit safer.
Safest route - Steer around the heaviest traffic.
Greenest route Take a trip on the green cycle network.
Quiet route Enjoy cycling in quiet time on smaller streets.
An English version is planned to release as well and Brian has plans for
thematic routes.
An article at (bizcommunity.com, 2008). Announces that the Primall
Media will be launching its latest innovation, Touch Screen Directory Boards, in
October 2008. With the placement of 93 touch screen units in 18 of the top
malls countrywide. Primall Medias Darren Katz says that consumers will no
longer have to try and navigate from current you are here static and confusing

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shopping mall directories. With a 46 inch portrait positioned full LCD High
Definition plasma screen TVs Touch Screen Directories intended to ease the
consumers shopping experience, whether they are familiar with that particular
mall or not. The Touch Screen Directories will allow consumers to search for a
store, product or brand name and be easily directed to that point.
According to an article in (usgs.gov, 2007) the USGS United States
Geological Survey has launched the new USGS Map Locator and Downloader,
a Web tool designed to deliver topographic maps easier, faster and less
expensively than before.
Using open source software and the Google Maps programming
interface, the Map Locator and Downloader allows customers to find the
topographic maps they need, by searching zip code, address, or navigating on
an interactive map. Users can pan, zoom, change the map to see satellite
imagery or a seamless USGS topographic map view, order printed maps or
download a scanned map image in GeoPDF format.
"This product was a major priority for US since 20 percent of the people
who visit the USGS homepage are looking for maps," said USGS Director Mark
Myers. "This is the beginning of a whole new approach to serving our
customers."

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Downloading maps allows users to view the map prior to purchase and
doesn't require customers to pay the shipping and handling fees associated
with hard map products.
The launch of the Map Locator and Downloader is the first step in a plan
to update the USGS Store (which is expected to be completed early in 2008. To
date, customers have downloaded about 40,000 maps; traffic is currently about
16,000 downloads per month.

2.1.2. Local Literature

Davao City Central 911 is a highly computerized, fully integrated
emergency and rescue dispatch system that links the residents of Davao to the
entire emergency resources of Davao City. It provides residents of Davao City
immediate response to emergencies by simply dialing 911 on any land line or
mobile phone.
Patterned after the 911 system of the United States and Canada, Davao
City Central 911 uses a modified version of its Geographic and Information
System (GIS), called, the Emergency Computer Aided Dispatch (ECAD), a
computerized mapping system that allows authorities locate the origin of a
distress call and even tracks police response time to emergency calls. It utilizes
GIS maps plotted with grid lines to triangulate location of the caller. It also

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captures stores and recalls data in an electronic database. The system uses
color-coded icons which monitor movement and location of police mobile units:
Blue for mobile units at rest; Red for on the move response, and Green for
onsite.
Part of Davao City's continued expansion and enhancement of its public
safety program is the recent acquisition of a brand new state-of-the-art bus
ambulance. It can hold 15 patients at a time and reported to be the first of its
kind in the country. It is equipped with fundamental medical facilities found in a
hospital. Earlier, the city has invested in a P128-million Intelligent Operations
Center (IOC) designed to further enhance the city governments response
mechanism. IBM Philippines dubbed the IOC as the first in the world" that
integrates all the services and data from the citys different offices and intends
to better manage crime, terrorism, traffic and emergency responses and public
safety in the city. The city has now shifted from responding to critical events to
anticipating and preventing them, when and where possible.
(biyahedavao.blogspot.com, 2013)
On the website of the Webcast Technologies, Inc. it is stated there that
residential companies are starting to incorporate a google geo solution by
revamping their property finders. For the past few years Philippine Real Estate
Industy has been booming with stable economic growth, low interest reates and
increase in investment for housing have openeded opportunities for growth.

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Webcast Technologis, Inc (WTI) as an Enterprise Partner of Google has been

actively seeking for ways to deliver map-based solutions to capitalize on this
oppurtunity and has successfully penetrated the Real Estate Industy as it
closed a deal with one of the leading real estate company in the country.
WTI provides a solutions that is focused on improving the companys
website through its property finder where users can click on the property
markers on the map to view infromation on the property of interest. The
information includes basic details, photographs, videos, floor plans, and even
3D models. Finally the new feature provides users the convenience to visualize
the distance between multiple points of interest (POI) such as schools,
churches, restaurants, leisure places and even PUV terminals to assist in their
decision making. These POIs come with information such as distance and
travel time to and from a chosen property.(webcast-inc.com.ph, 2013)

The Department of Education (DepEd) has launched the Library Locator

Map which primary objective is to help in locating national and local reading
centers to encourage reading among school children by making it easy for them
to find the books they always wanted. The library locator map is hosted by
CartoDB, a web-based map viewing tool. The map can be accessed using the
url bit.ly/LibLocatorMap. Currently there are 9,855 public schools with libraries
that are registered to DepEd and almost 9000 have been mapped plus there

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are 188 library hubs in DepEd division offices nationwide. Education Secretary
Armin Lusitro said the map would help every child foster love reading by
knowing where to locate the reading resources even so every child should have
access to books to help them continue reading. (philstar.com, 2014)

2.2.

Review of Related Studies

2.2.1. Foreign Studies

According to Nadu(2010), in his research article states that recovery
actions should be taken in time to reduce the loss of life and property. In spite of
the reason that the service providers are well equipped, routing problems and
traffic congestions breaks their speedy recovery action in real time.
Their objective is to develop an efficient GIS based Emergency
Response Management and Information System, called ERMIS, for the
improvement of emergency recovery through solving the routing problems
when a critical situation occurs on Madurai road networks. The ERMIS is
software that supports the responders for quick and efficient emergency care
during the accidental emergency situation. The system helps for trouble free
routing of ambulances and fire vehicles during emergencies. ERMIS is
developed under the platform of VB.NET with MapObjects 2.4(MO2.4).
ERMIS is designed as GUI which can handle by a user easily to obtain routing
or ground truth information of an emergency site.

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The route finder of ERMIS is a specially designed application to enable

the user to make route based decisions easily. Dijsktra algorithm was been
implemented so one can easily find out the shortest path from a given location
(source) to all other points of interest (destination) in a graph/ map. A sample
accident location is assumed approximately 3 Km away from NH Bypass
Junction i.e., Kaalavasal Junction. Closest ambulance location from the
accident point and closest hospital from the accident is obtained from Route
Finder. Route view map and Directions are the outputs of Route Finder. User
can have a .JPEG format of map output with labels and a detailed text of route
directions. There will be separate maps to show Closest Facility and Shortest
Path. These two will assist emergency vehicle driver to solve routing problems.
The closest ambulance service is Meenakshi Ambulance. The distance to be
traveled between these two is 5.68 Km. The closest hospital is Kennet Hospital.
The shortest distance to be traveled to reach the hospital is 5.24 Kms.

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Figure 1: Results of Route Finder with Routing Directions

While there was a large amount of route planning software available,

the Netherlands is still lacking an online bicycle route planner said by Peter
Kampstra. Though some stand alone route planners have the option to plan
bicycle routes and some provinces offer their own bicycle route planner, but an
online planner covering all of the country is still not available he added. After
hearing those words from his adviser Pepping(2009) his interest was
awakened. Questioning himself if its possible to implement a bicycle route
planner for the entire Netherlands with acceptable response time. So he carry
out that challenge to develop a bicycle route planner for the Netherlands.

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For the implementation of his project. First he chose to use an ASP.Net

programming language, specifically C# for the reason that the system will likely
need a substantial amount of processing time to calculate a route, the code
should be compiled to benefit the speed of the calculations. And in order to
facilitate structured design, maintainability and extensibility of the application,
an object-oriented language like the C# should be preferred over a non objectoriented language he also chooses this for the reason of availability and
previous experience. Secondly an algorithm to use to calculate the route, he
chose to use the A* algorithm as the more suitable algorithm over the Dijkstra
algorithm. Due to limited amount of time avilable for the project, algorithms that
are too complex may not be feasible. A* and dijkstra algorithms are quite similar
both algorithms can able to find paths on maps/ graphs. The difference is that
A* uses heuristic function, a function that gives a good estimate of how far you
are from your goal and thus helping in taking the right decision resulting in
minimal time in computing while dirjkstra algorithm searches in all possible
directions that takes longer time. And finally a data source that can supply
accurate data on the complete road network in the Netherlands is a
requirement for the success of the project. Pepping uses openstreetmap.org
(openly available online world map) to retrieve such a data source.
Additionally the entire street network for the Netherlands (and other
countries) can be downloaded as an XML file. This file contains node tags

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containing latitude and longitude and way tags containing the nodes it covers
and several tags to indicate the type of road. In selecting a starting point and
destination he uses two methods. Either the user enters an address or let them
select a location on a map. Unfortunately both methods have their own issue.
On the first method, selecting an address is difficult because road names can
be shared between towns. For the second option of letting the user select a
location on a map, creates difficulty that the selected location will usually not be
exactly on a node. To overcome the problem mentioned, the closest way to the
selected location is determined by calculating the distance to all nearby ways.
The closest node on that way is selected. For displaying the route there are
again two options. Either use text to describe the route, or plot the route on a
map.
During the course of his project, Pepping implemented successfully a
bicycle route planner for the entire Netherlands. The application is called Cycle
Route Planner.
As per Singh(2012) he noted that modeling large real road network into
database format require great amount of preprocessing time, human effort and
manual working. So they come up to a new way of modeling and processing of
real road network into database format. For the purpose, they have developed
a route finder system with the help of web based GIS that helps users to figure
out the best way to get where you want to go. The better route is defined over

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set of obstacles present in the route considered by user during route selection
process. The primary objective of Web Based GIS Route Finder System is not
only to plan a shortest route between source s and destination t but also to
plan an alternative or next available shortest route when an edge breaks or gets
congested in s to t with minimized number of re-computations of programs.
The system also provide different route finder options like shortest path finder,
alternate path finder, facility based path finder, hierarchical path finder, top-k
shortest path finder and multimodal path finder with the help of Java programs,
PostGIS database and Geoserver.
In the study of Bergweiler (2010) he denoted that modern kiosk systems
enable intuitive touch and gesture-based interaction and provide users with
useful contextual information that normally resides in the system. A growing
number of people carry a sensor-rich mobile device with large storage
capacities as an interface to their digital life with them. However, interaction
capabilities are often restricted by physical device limitations, e.g. small screen
sizes. In order to combine best of both worlds, they implemented a serviceoriented kiosk system that provides data exchange and access to information
services at public places, like museums or hotel lobbies. The basic idea behind
their approach is that users can synchronize their mobile devices with the
terminal via Wi-Fi and hence extend the small-screen device to large tabletop
surface. They developed an Android-based mobile client application that allows

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the user for managing a shared media folder and exchanging media contents
with the Calisto Terminal System (their system). Once connected, references to
the contents of the shared folder are synchronized with a graphical
representation of the device on the terminal.
Hence, the mobile client acts as a virtual media storage that can be
accessed by the user from the terminal. This can now allow the user to transfer,
e.g. picture of something that he is looking for. By selecting the picture on the
mobile client and then performing a Frisbee-throwing 3D gesture towards the
terminal, this action puts the user-selected media object on the terminal. If the
user found new media contents and information with connection to the picture
that he throws to the terminal, he can intuitively drag-and-drop the media
objects on the Device Spotlet and as a result, the media object is automatically
transferred back to the users mobile device.
Users can also interact with the Calisto terminal system via natural
language aside from touch- and gesture-base interaction. With the users
personal mobile device he can utter speech command combined with optional
deictic pointing gestures to media objects on the large terminal screen, e.g., the
user throws an image of Brandenburg Gate on the Calisto Terminal then he can
now dictate Show me the Brandenburg Gate on the map. Or simply Where is
[simultaneous pointing gesture to the picture of the Brandenburg Gate] this?.
The mobile client application implements a real-time audio streaming (sending

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and receiving) capabilities to transfer the utterance. The speech input is sent as
RTP packets to a speech recognizer that is connected to the Calisto dialogue
system. The sent audio stream is interpreted, the backend processing is
initiated and, as a result, the Calisto terminal displays the location of the
Brandenburg Gate in the Map Spotlet provided a route how to get to that
specific location. At the same time an appropriate auditory response Showing
the Brandenburg Gate on the map is sent back to the respective mobile client.
Speech Recognition is also an exceptional tool for people with
disabilities. According to study of Manasse(2013) in her article entitled "Speech
Recognition", have shown the four main areas of interest that had received
attention by professionals working with individuals with disabilities. These are :
(1) Speech recognition use by the physically disabled ; (2) Speech recognition
use by people with dysarthria; (3) Speech Recognition for Drill Practice; and (4)
Speech Recognition and Learning Disabled Students.
Speech recognition systems were first used by severely disabled
individuals with

normal speech. The goal was to promote independence

whereby SR was used to convert human speech signals into effective actions.
Frequently, speech is the only remaining means of communication left for
these individuals. The first voice activated wheelchair with an environmental
control unit (ECU) was developed in the late 1970s at Rehabilitation Medicine in
New York (Youdin, et al.). The user could operate multiple items including the

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telephone, radio, fans, curtains, intercom, page-turner and more. A group of

individuals with cerebral palsy rated the wheelchair as superior to breath control
systems because it eliminated the need for scanning, allowing the user quicker
access by directly selecting the desired function with voice.
2.2.2 Local Studies
University of the East Caloocan is wide area campus that has different
buildings with lots of different rooms and offices making it quite complicated in
locating a specific room or office. While the university continues to grow it is still
lacking a system that can give visitors a hand in making their visit in the
university more smoothly. The university provides a paper map and/ or printed
floor plans but this kind of maps is not reliable enough for the reason that it only
provides one way communication and they cannot interact with it.
Thus Victoriano(2013) developed an application that can guide users to
their desired location. Visitors can interact with the developed system making it
more convenient and understandable on how to get easily to the point of
interest. The project can show the users the whole map of the University of the
East Caloocan campus provided the route to take in making their way to a
specific room or office.
Barros(2012) concludes that most visitors and some students is having
a hard time looking for a professor and at the same time where to look for them.

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Having this problem in hand implementing of a route directory system is

essential toward improvement and solving problems with regards in finding
faculty members and facility locations. The implementation of a route directory
system can minimize this difficulties.
The main objective of the project is to develop a 2D floor plan for the
College of Engineering Building. It will be used for the navigation of direction
with the help of flash based animation. The system has five (5) modules:

Locator module - The system provides an interface where the user can
type name of the faculty. Automatically the system will search for the
location of the faculty and a 2D floor plan will be presented, tracing the
path going to the said location or room. This module is based on the

schedules of the professors.

Faculty module - Secured with username and password for each professor
to update in their own status if possible. Professors need to scan their ID

to log-in.
Chairman module - Controlled by the Department Chair where all
information are available. Chairman has the ability to manage and update
the status of the professor if necessary. It can also update professors

schedule.
Checker module. This module can update the status of the professors, if
they are unavailable and are not present in their designated class.
Checker module can also update the room transfers of the faculty.

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Administrator module. Admin module can have all the access to all the
accounts in the system. It manages user accounts, room information and
user logs as well. The admin module can also add department if it is
necessary. This module has also in control on the restoration and back-up
of the database and pc shuffling.
The system was developed using visual basic 2008 as the programming

language, and MySQL as its database tool. The system is deployed by placing
computer in every floor of College of Engineering Building.

2.3 Synthesis
Pepping (2009) asserted that substantial amount of processing time to
calculate a route is needed. So the code should be compiled to benefit the
speed of the calculations and in order to facilitate structure design,
maintainability and extensibility of the application, he prefers to use an objectoriented language specifically C#. He also stated that using of much simpler
route algorithm over a complex algorithm must be applied for the reason that
the given time frame is limited. Nadu (2010) stated that Optimum utilization of
the time after an accident is golden hour serves as a measure of effectivenes of
any emergency response service provider system. Because of that he
developed an efficient GIS based Emergency Response Management and

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Information System thats improved the emergency recovery through solving

the routing problems when a critical situation occurs on Madurai road networks.
The system acts as a dispatch that will call the nearest possible ambulance
where the incident happens and will be informed what is the nearest hospital to
head on with provided route map for fast mobility. Manasse (2013) specified
that Speech Recognition (SR) is also an exceptional tool for people with
disabilities. The four main areas of interest that had received attention by
professionals working with individuals with disabilities are: (1) Speech
recognition use by the physically disabled; (2) Speech recognition use by
people with dysarthria; (3) Speech Recognition for Drill Practice; and (4)
Speech Recognition and Learning Disabled Students.
In comparison, Nadu (2010) and Pepping (2010) both uses an objectoriented programming for the reason of providing a good framework for code
libraries where supplied software components can be easily adopted and
modified by the programmer. This is particularly useful for developing graphical
user interfaces. In contrast Pepping (2010) prefer to use the A* algorithm
because it uses a heuristic function, a function that provides a good estimate of
how far you are from your goal and thus helps in taking the right decision in
giving the route direction while Nadu (2010) uses the more complicated dijkstra
algorithm that searches in all possible directions resulting in a more longer time
execution.

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The proponents will adopt the study of Nadu (2010) to develop a rout
finder system which gives users the shortest possible route to arrive at desired
location inside the campus. They will use Visual Basic.net in developing the
system. An object-oriented programming language like Nadu used. The reason
in choosing the programming language to use is because of its simplicity and
also the experience in using the language. The A* will be used with regards to
algorithm for the reason that the time is limited in developing the system and it
is the simplest possible algorithm to use. The idea that speech recognition
helps people with disabilities is considered in integrating a speech recognition
feature in the proposed system. With the help of the gathered informations the
proponents can be able to develop a route finder system for Martinez Institute
of Basic Education.

2.4 Theoretical Framework of the Study

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Figure 2: Theoretical Framework of the existing system

The paradigm shows the flow of the system. It first needs two inputs, a
starting point and an end point. The system then validate if the given inputs. For
invalid input/s the system will prompt the user to give a valid coordinates. Upon
checking, the system will automatically start to generate the possible paths
available from starting point down to the end point.
2.5 Conceptual Framework of the Study
This section shows the framework that defines the ideas and concepts of
the study and the relationships existing within. This includes 3 stages of the
conceptual framework of the proposed system that would serve as pattern for
the proponents during the system development.

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Figure 3: Conceptual Framework of the Proposed System

The paradigm shows how the proposed system works and the
developments made to the existing system. Existing systems lacks speech
recognition feature. It only has a typing feature from which you need to key in
the place where you want to go. The proponents proposed an improved version
with the integration of speech recognition feature to ease difficulty and provide
comfort.
The input is composed of required elements that are needed throughout
the development of the system. This includes Graphical User Interface
Designing which is needed for creating the appearance of displays on screen,
Object-oriented Programming Concepts, and Speech Recognition Concepts to
be used for converting speech to text.

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2.6 Definition of Terms

For a better understanding of the different terminologies used in the
study, the proponents had provided operational and conceptual definitions. The
following are used in the context of this study:

3D models - is the process of developing a mathematical

representation of any three-dimensional surface of an object (either

inanimate or living) via specialized software.

Algorithm - In computer programming, algorithms are often created
as functions. These functions serve as small programs that can be

referenced by a larger program.

anoto - A digital pen and paper technology from the Anoto Group AB,
Lund, Sweden (www.anoto.com). It uses regular paper imprinted with
a dot grid that is almost invisible. The dot grid is coded so that when
traced with an Anoto-enabled pen, which also discharges ink like any
ballpoint pen, the pen's built-in camera detects the unique dot pattern
and records the handwriting or drawing. Via wireless or USB, the pen

transmits either ASCII text or images to a receiving device.

autonomous self-governing; independent; subject to its own laws

only
Danish - The North Germanic language of the Danes.
data structure - a specialized format for organizing and storing data.
Database - a usually large collection of data organized especially for
rapid search and retrieval (as by a computer)

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DepEd - The Department of Education (abbreviated as DepEd;

Filipino: Kagawaran ng Edukasyon) is the executive department of
the Philippine government responsible for ensuring access to,

promoting equity in, and improving the quality of basic education.

dysarthria - Speech that is characteristically slurred, slow, and difficult
to understand. A person with dysarthria may also have problems
controlling the pitch, loudness, rhythm, and voice qualities of his or
her speech. Dysarthria is caused by paralysis, weakness, or inability
to coordinate the muscles of the mouth. Dysarthria can occur as a
developmental disability. It may be a sign of a neuromuscular
disorder such as cerebral palsy or Parkinson's disease. It may also
be caused by a stroke, brain injury, or brain tumor. Treatment of
dysarthria includes intensive speech therapy with a focus on oral-

motor skill development.

Euclidian
distance

(geometry) The distance between

two points defined as the square root of the sum of the squares of

the differences between the corresponding coordinates of the points

extensibility - In software engineering, extensibility (not to be
confused with forward compatibility) is a system design principle
where the implementation takes future growth into consideration. It is
a systemic measure of the ability to extend a system and the level of

effort required to implement the extension.

Feasible - capable of being done or carried out

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GPS - is a space-based satellite navigation system that provides

location and time information in all weather conditions, anywhere on
or near the Earth where there is an unobstructed line of sight to four

or more GPS satellites.

Graphical User Interface (GUI) - An interface for issuing commands
to a computer utilizing a pointing device, such as a mouse, that

manipulates and activates graphical images on a monitor.

heuristic function - is a function that gives you a good estimate of
how far you are from your goal and thus helps you in taking the right

decision.
Innovation - the act or process of introducing new ideas, devices, or

methods
Intelligent Transport System (ITS) - can be defined as the application
of

advanced

information

and

communications

technology

to

surface transportation in order to achieve enhanced safety and

mobility while reducing the environmental impact of transportation

Keyword - A word that serves as a key to a code or cipher.
location-based services (LBS) - general class of computer program-

level services that use location data to control features.

mapping - The definition of mapping is making a map or a matching
process where the points of one set are matched against the points
of another set. (An example of mapping is creating a map to get to
your house).

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navigate - plan and direct the route or course of a ship, aircraft, or

other form of transportation, especially by using instruments or maps.

paradigm - a typical example or pattern of something; a model.
penetrate - succeed in forcing a way into or through (a thing).
prodigious - remarkably or impressively great in extent, size, or

degree.
Proponent - a person who advocates a theory, proposal, or project.
QR Code or Quick Response Code - A two-dimensional barcode
widely used for many purposes. When scanned with a mobile tagging
app in a smartphone, it can cause a Web page to download with

information about a product, local event or just about anything.

renowned - known and admired by many people for some special

quality or achievement
revamping - giving new and improved form, structure, or appearance

to
route - a way or course taken in getting from a starting point to a

destination.
software - the programs and other operating information used by a

computer.
speech recognition - is the process of capturing spoken words using
a microphone or telephone and converting them into a digitally stored
set of words. The quality of a speech recognition systems are
assessed according to two factors: its accuracy (error rate in
converting spoken words to digital data) and speed (how well the

software can keep up with a human speaker).

substantial - of considerable importance, size, or worth.

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technologically challenged - term used by technicians most especially

those working on a call center referring to a computer user that is
really dumb, slow learner and does not even know what is the
difference between the left and right click of mouse or even the

spacebar of the keyboard.

thematic routes - interconnected routes
topographic maps - In modern mapping, a topographic map is a type
of map characterized by large-scale detail and quantitative
representation of relief, using contour lines but, historically, using a
variety of methods. Traditional definitions require a topographic map

to show both natural and man-made features.

utilization to put to use, especially to make profitable or effective

use of
vicinity - the area near or surrounding a particular place.
voice recognition - analyzing the features of speech that differ
between individuals. Everyone has a unique pattern of speech
stemming from their anatomy (the size and shape of the mouth and
throat) and behavioral patterns (their voices pitch, their speaking

style, accent, and so on).

Voyager - a traveler to a distant land (especially one who travels by
sea)

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Chapter 3

METHODOLOGY
This chapter details out the research methodology for the present study,
which is a route finder system with speech recognition feature. It explains the
research objectives and a suitable methodology to achieve those objectives. It
is required in order to have a clear and deeper understanding on how the
system will be develop. Furthermore, this chapter will be dedicated to the
description of the methods and procedures to be done in order to obtain the
data, how they will be analyzed, interpreted, and how the conclusion will be
met. This section is to justify the means in which the study was obtained and
will help in giving it purpose and strength as it will then be truthful and
analytical. All these will help in the processing of the data and the formulation of
conclusions.
Specifically, this research will cover the following: the research design
and method, the respondents or subjects to be studied (which will include the
sampling method), the data collection instruments, preparation of the

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instrument, retrieval of the instrument, software process model used in

developing the system, statistical treatment, and specification.

3.1. Research Design

The research design refers to the overall strategy that the proponents
chose to integrate the different components of the study in a coherent and
logical way, thereby, ensuring that it will effectively address the research
problem. It constitutes the blueprint for the collection, measurement, and
analysis of data. Choosing the appropriate type of research design from the
different types of research methods can be difficult. There are so many factors
to take into consideration and evaluate. The research question, ethics, budget
and time are all major considerations in any design. The proponents chose the
type of method that will best suit the development, improvement, and
implementation of the system, while also providing a better presentation of the
proposed study.

A descriptive study is one in which information is collected without

changing the environment (i.e., nothing is manipulated). Sometimes these are
referred to as correlational or observational studies. The Office of Human
Research Protections (OHRP) defines a descriptive study as Any study that is

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not truly experimental. In human research, a descriptive study can provide

information about the naturally occurring health status, behavior, attitudes or
other characteristics of a particular group. Descriptive studies are also
conducted to demonstrate associations or relationships between things in the
world around you.
Descriptive studies can involve a one-time interaction with groups of
people (cross-sectional study) or a study might follow individuals over time
(longitudinal study). Descriptive studies, in which the researcher interacts with
the participant, may involve surveys or interviews to collect the necessary
information. Descriptive studies in which the researcher does not interact with
the participant include observational studies of people in an environment and
studies involving data collection using existing records (e.g., medical record
review).
It is also usually the best method for collecting information that will
demonstrate relationships and describe the world as it exists. These types of
studies are often done before an experiment to know what specific things to
manipulate and include in an experiment. Bickman and Rog (1998) suggest
that descriptive studies can answer questions such as what is or what was.
Experiments can typically answer why or how.
This

method

involves

careful

classifications

of

processes

and

measurable data that affect a certain phenomenon. In this study, this method is

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used to investigate and observe the processes, design layout, and data
included on similar systems currently available in the market. This involves
careful analysis, recording and presentation of such similar systems.
With this, they will be able to know which aspects of these route finder
systems are to be manipulated, removed and enhanced in order to create an
all-new route finder application.

3.2. Respondents of the Study

To evaluate the route finder system that will be produced, the proponents
will gather 30 respondents wherein they are chosen in each of the 6 different
classifications. These respondents will be the 5 freshmen, 5 sophomores, 5
juniors and 5 senior students of Martinez Institute of Basic Education. 5 Visitors
and 5 old employees will also be included in gathering of respondents.

3.3. Data Gathering Instruments

Essentially, the proponents must ensure that the instrument chosen is
valid and reliable. The validity and reliability of any research project depends to
a large extent on the appropriateness of the instruments. Whatever procedure
one uses to collect data, it must be critically examined to check the extent to
which it is likely to the expected results. The data collection instruments that will

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be using by the proponents in the proposed study are Questionnaire and

Observation.

Questionnaire
This is a data collection instrument that is a systematically prepared form
or document with a set of questions deliberately designed to elicit responses
from respondents or research informants for the purpose of collecting data or
information. It is a form of inquiry document, which contains a systematically
compiled and well organized series of questions intended to elicit the
information which will provide insight into the nature of the problem under study.
It contains a set of questions on a topic or group of topics designed to be
answered by the respondent, which are the population samples of the study.
The answers provided by the respondents constitute the data for the research.
Through the use of questionnaire, the proponents will be able to collect
all the necessary information prior to the development of the system. The
questions answered by the respondents will allow the proponents to have a
distinctive overview about the route finder system and on how the end-users
will look and evaluate the proposed project. It will also help the proponents to
initiate the required plans and actions and will also help in determining the
issues and problems encountered in the existing system that led to the
development of the proposed system. Questionnaires are more organized,

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having a predefined set of questions but does not allow follow-up inquiries due
to the fixed number of questions presented on the paper.

Observation
The study of photographs, videotapes, tape recordings, art objects,
computer software and films fall within this type of data collection procedure.
The procedure should be unobtrusive to enable informants to share their reality
directly with researchers. It is creative and captures attention visually.
Observation is one of the very important methods for obtaining comprehensive
data in qualitative research especially when a composite of both oral and visual
data become vital to the research. A proponent obviously needs an audio-visual
recorder for a complete collection of such comprehensive record. By the use of
observation strategy, researchers are able to obtain first-hand information about
objects, and eventful happenings like festivals and other related events. The
possibility of distorting facts and records are reduced to the barest minimum.
Through the use of observation, the proponents will be able to
understand the different issues and problems pertaining to the existing system.
It will also help the proponents to critically examine and analyze the proposed
system and find solutions pertaining to the existing system, as well as the
development of the proposed study which will give the solutions to those
problems.

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Evaluation Form
The proponents made a set of criteria and ratings answered by the thirty
(30) respondents to be used in gathering the data that helped in determining
the technical and operational feasibility of the software.

3.4. Preparation of the Instrument

The proponents will conduct a set of questionnaires that will be
answered by the respondents being specified in the study. Evaluation forms will
be given to the respondents after the proposed system has been developed.

3.5. Retrieval of the Instrument

Retrieval of the Instruments will be conducted after the questionnaires
have been answered in the same manner to the Evaluation forms given to the
respondents after the development of the proposed system.

3.6. Method Used in Developing the System

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To address on the needed developments on route finder systems

containing similar system processes, the proponents ought to create a new and
improved route finder system.

Figure 3: Scrum Agile Development Model

Scrum is

an

iterative

and

incremental agile

software

development framework for managing product development. It defines "a

flexible, holistic product development strategy where a development team
works as a unit to reach a common goal", challenges assumptions of the

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"traditional, sequential approach" to product development, and enables teams

to self-organize by encouraging physical co-location or close online
collaboration of all team members, as well as daily face-to-face communication
among all team members and disciplines in the project.
A key principle of Scrum is its recognition that during a project the
customers can change their minds about what they want and need (often called
"requirements churn"), and that unpredicted challenges cannot be easily
addressed in a traditional predictive or planned manner. As such, Scrum adopts
an empirical approachaccepting that the problem cannot be fully understood
or defined, focusing instead on maximizing the team's ability to deliver quickly
and respond to emerging requirements.
In using scrum agile methodology all of the product features, bug fixes,
and non-functional requirements is being listed down on product backlog. This
product backlog is being organized according to level of priority. Planning is
being made on what feature to be included on a specific release of the product.
This product backlog is broken down into smaller iterations commonly called as
sprints. For the first release of a sprint though the system is not yet completed
the clients can already view functional software. Each release of a sprint gives
an additional functionality to the system. Since scrum methodology prioritizes

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the quality and functionality of each release thus the amount of bugs and
reworks are reduced.

3.7. Statistical Treatment

Statistical treatment of data is essential in order to make use of the
data in the right form. Raw data collection is only one aspect of any experiment;
the organization of data is equally important so that appropriate conclusions
can be drawn. This is what statistical treatment of data is all about.
Frequency distribution and weighted mean are the primary statistical
treatment to be used by the proponents to analyze and interpret the survey
results of the proposed system. The mean scores obtained along the different
areas will be analyzed using the following five-point scale of equivalents:

Table 1: Five-Point Scale System

Scores

Verbal Interpretation

5.00 4.20

Strongly Agree

4.19 3.40

Agree

3.39 2.60

Neutral

2.59 1.80

Disagree

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1.79 1.00

Strongly Disagree

The mean scores ranging from 2.60-5.00 indicate a high level of

perception of the respondents to the proposed route finder system with speech
recognition feature. On the other hand, mean scores ranging from 1.00-2.59
indicate a low level of perception to the proposed project.
Weighted Mean is the average wherein every quantity to be averages
has a corresponding weight. These weights represent the significance of each
quantity to the average. Weighted mean was used to measure the general
response of the survey questionnaire samples, whether they agree to a given
statement or not. Statistically, the weighted mean is calculated as is follows:

Where, WM = weighted mean

f = frequency of score
x = raw score
N = total number of respondents

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