INGLES III

ING. CIVIL

TIEMPOS VERBALES

Tiempos verbales
1 Si mpl e pr es e nt / Pres e nt c onti nuous
1 .1 Us os de l P res e nte s i mple
1 .2 P re se nte s impl e a fi rma ti vo
1 .3 P re se nte s impl e ne ga ti vo
1 .4 P re se nte s impl e i nte rroga ti vo
1 .5 Us os de l P res e nte c onti nuo
1 .6 P re se nte c onti nuo a firma ti vo
1 .7 P re se nte c onti nuo ne ga ti vo
1 .8 P re se nte c onti nuo i nte rroga ti vo
1 .9 Di fe re nc ia s de P re se nte s impl e y c onti nuo
2 Pre se nt pe rfec t
2 .1 Us os de l P res e nt perfe c t
2 .2 P.P. + pre pos ic i ones o a dve rbi os
2 .3 P re se nt pe rfe c t a fi rma ti vo
2 .4 P re se nt pe rfe c t ne ga ti vo
2 .5 P re se nt pe rfe c t inte rroga ti vo
2 .6 P re se nt pe rfe c t conti nuous
2 .7 P re se nt pe rfe c t si mple / conti nuous
3 Pa sa do s impl e y conti nuo
3 .1 Us os de l P as a do si mple
3 .2 Pa sa do s i mpl e de ve rbos irre gula re s
3 .3 Pa sa do s i mpl e a fi rma ti vo
3 .4 Pa sa do s i mpl e ne ga ti vo
3 .5 Pa sa do s i mpl e i nte rroga ti vo
3 .6 Us os de l P as a do conti nuo
3 .7 Pa sa do c onti nuo a fi rma ti vo
3 .8 Pa sa do c onti nuo ne ga ti vo
3 .9 Pa sa do c onti nuo i nte rroga ti vo
3 .1 0 Di fe re nci a s de Pa sa do s impl e y conti nuo
4 Futuro s impl e y conti nuo
4 .1 Us os de l Futuro si mple
4 .2 Futuro s i mpl e 'Wil l '
4 .3 ' Be goi ng to'
4 .4 Formas del futuro
4 .5 P re se nte s impl e y Futuro s impl e
4 .6 Futuro c onti nuo
4 .7 Futuro s i mpl e y c onti nuo
4 .8 Futuro pe rfec to
4 .9 Futuro pe rfec to conti nuo
4 .1 0 Futuro perfe c to y fu turo pe rfe c to c onti nuo
5 Condi ci ona l si mple y c onti nuo
5 .1 Condi c i ona l si mple
5 .2 Condi c i ona l conti nuo
5 .3 Condi c i ona l pe rfe c to
5 .4 Condi c i ona l pe rfe c to c onti nuo
6 Forma s no pe rs onal es
6 .1 I nfi ni ti vo
6 .2 I nfi ni ti vo c on ' to'
6 .3 I nfi ni ti vo s i n ' to'
6 .4 Forma ' -i ng'
6 .5 Ge rundi o
6 .6 Pa rti c i pi o de pre se nte
6 .7 Us os de 'I nfi ni ti vo' o ' -i ng'
6 .8 Pa rti c i pi o de pa sa do

6 .9 Pa rti c i pi o de pa sa do de ve r bos i rre gula res

Ejercicios
1 Simple present / Present continuous
Presente
Presente
Presente
Presente
Presente
Presente
Presente
Presente
Presente
Presente
Presente
Presente
Presente

simple afirmativo I
simple afirmativo II
simple negativo I
simple negativo II
simple interrogativo I
simple interrogativo II
continuo afirmativo I
continuo afirmativo II
continuo negativo
continuo interrogativo
simple y continuo I
simple y continuo II
simple y continuo III

2 Present perfect
Pasado simple irregular I
Pasado simple irregular II
Pasado simple afirmativo
Pasado simple negativo
Pasado simple interrogativo
Presente simple y pasado simple I
Presente simple y pasado simple II
Presente simple y pasado simple III
Pasado continuo afrimativo
Pasado continuo negativo
Pasado continuo interrogativo
Pasado simple y pasado continuo I
Pasado simple y pasado continuo II
Pasado simple y pasado continuo III
Pasado y presente simple y continuo I
Pasado y presente simple y continuo II
Pasado y presente simple y continuo III

4 P a s a d o p e r fe c t o s i m p l e , c o n t i n u o y p e r f e c to
Pasado
Pasado
Pasado
Pasado
Pasado
Pasado
Pasado
Pasado
Pasado
Pasado

perfecto I
perfecto II
perfecto continuo I
perfecto continuo II
perfecto continuo III
perfecto y pasado simple I
perfecto y pasado simple II
perfecto y pasado simple III
perfecto y pasado simple IV
y pasado simple, continuo y perfecto

Presente simple
El presente simple o "simple present" se usa:
1 Para acciones que se realizan regularmente o de forma habitual.

He goes to the cinema every Sunday morning.

Va al cine todos los domingos por la maana.

(Implica que fue el domingo pasado, ha ido este domingo y volver a ir el domingo que viene).

2 Verdades generales.

Water boils at 212 F.

El agua hierve a 212 Farenheit.

3 Para acciones futuras que ya han sido planeadas.

His train arrives at three o'clock.

Su tren llega a las tres.

4 En retransmisiones deportivas, titulares de peridicos, en instrucciones de uso
y cuando se utiliza un t genrico (you):
Gasol passes the ball to the new pivot...

Gasol pasa el baln al nuevo pvot...

Obama wins the election.

Obama gana las elecciones.

Now press the red button to select the language.

Ahora presione el botn rojo para seleccionar

el idioma.
One day you wake up and and realize your life passed you by.

Un da te levantas y descubres tu vida ha

pasado.
5 Para hablar de hechos que tuvieron lugar en el pasado (presente histrico) y
narraciones como chistes, historias...
The First World War takes place in 20th Century.

La Primera Guerra Mundial tuvo lugar en el

siglo XX.

He enters and says...

Entra y dice...
6 Usamos el presente simple con algunos verbos como los que indican posesin,
estado, pensamiento, opiniones, gusto, preferencias (verbos de estado o state verbs), ya
que no suelen usarse en los tiempos progresivos.
He has a big car.

Tiene un coche grande.

He lives in New York.

Vive en Nueva York.

He likes football.

Le gusta el ftbol.
I believe you.

Te creo.
Ejercicios
Completa las siguientes oraciones con uno de los siguientes verbos y conjgalo en presente
simple.
play / visit / watch / wear / drink / walk / do / cry / cook / be
1 My grandmoher

pasta every weekend.

2 My father and my brother always

3 We

good friends.

4 My mother and me

5 We

6 The children

football matchs on TV.

two hours every day.

a suit for work.

volleyball in the garden.

7 You always

Ann when she is ill.

8 We usually

the shopping after work.

9 I always

with romantic films.

10 She often

red wine with meal.

Presente simple afirmativo

El presente simple afirmativo se forma con el infinitivo del verbo sin "to".
En la 3 persona del singular (he, she, it) se aade una -s final al verbo.

I play

Yo juego

You play

T juegas

He plays

l juega

She plays

Ella juega

It plays

Juega

We play

Nosotros jugamos

You play

Vosotros jugis

They play

Ellos juegan

Ejemplos

I work as a secretary

Trabajo como secretaria

You call her every day

La llamas todos los das

He finishes his job

Termina su trabajo

She goes home

Se va a casa

It matters a lot

Importa mucho

We study maths

Estudiamos matemticas

You use a dictionary

Usis un diccionario

They like ice creams

Les gustan los helados

Formacin de la 3 persona

Como regla general, hemos dicho que la 3 persona del singular en presente simple lleva
una -s final. Pero hay excepciones segn el verbo termine en -y, -o, -ch, -sh, -ss, -x.
1 Si el verbo acaba en -y precedida de una consonante, se cambia la -y por -ies.

To cry

She cries

Ella llora

To study

He studies

l estudia

To fly

It flies

Vuela

2 Si la terminacin -y va precedida de una vocal, como hemos visto antes

como el verbo "to play", slo se le aadir una -s.
He plays (l estudia).
3 Si el verbo acaba en -o precedida de una consonante, se aadir -es.

To do

He does

l hace

To go

She goes

Ella va

4 Si el verbo acaba en -ch, -sh, -ss, -x, se aade -es.

To watch

She watches

Ella ve

To wash

he washes

l lava

To pass

She passes

Ella aprueba

To fix

He fixes

l arregla

Pronunciacin

Al igual que en los sustantivos, la pronunciacin del plural depender del sonido final.
1 Si termina en alguno de los sonidos sibilantes /s/, /z/, //, //, //, // la
terminacin -es se pronunciar /z/.

pass

passes

close

closes

doze

dozes

crash

crashes

watch

watches

judge

judges

2 Si termina en consonante sorda de sonido no sibilante /p/, /t/, /k/, /f/, // la "s"
se pronunciar como /s/.

hope

hopes

cut

cuts

work

works

surf

surfs

clothe

clothes

3 Si termina en vocal o consonante sonora de sonido no

sibilante /b/, /d/, /g/, /v/, //, /m/, /n/,//, /r/, /l/, la "s" se pronunciar como "s"
sonora /Z/.

see

sees

unders
tand

underst
ands

sing

sings

drive

drives

come

comes

run

runs

order

orders

call

calls
Ejercicios

1 Elige la opcin correcta en la formacin de la tercera persona del singular de los

siguientes verbos:

1 She ____ up very early.

wake

wakes

waks

2 He ____ Mary every Mondays.

finds

findes

find

3 John never ____ fresh meat.

buys

buy

buyes

4 He often ____ swimming on Tuesday.

go

gos

goes

5 My grandmother ____ to God for rain.

prays

praies

pray

6 The rumors ____ all over the city.

buzz

buzzs

buzzes

2 Elige la opcin correcta en la pronunciacin de la tercera persona del singular de los

siguientes verbos:

7 She buys vegetables in the market.

/z/

/z/

/s/

8 Peter never washes this sweater in the washing machine.

/z/

/s/

/z/

9 Her mother hugs them every morning.

/z/

/z/

/s/

10 She wishes to study in Boston next year.

/z/

/z/

/s/

11 My aunt owes you the tickets for the concert.

/s/

/z/

/z/

12 The train stops quickly.

/z/

/s/

/z/

Presente simple negativo

La estructura del presente simple en forma negativa es:
Sujeto + do/does + not + verbo + ...

Forma larga

Forma corta

I do not play

I don't play

You do not play

You don't play

He does not play

He doesn't play

She does not play

She doesn't play

It does not play

It doesn't play

We do not play

We don't play

You do not play

You don't play

They do not

They don't play

Ejemplos
I do not live in London

No vivo en Londres

You don't have any pets

No tienes mascotas

He does not understand him

No lo comprende

She doesn't write a letter

No escribe una carta

It does not work

No funciona

We don't play tennis

No jugamos al tenis

You do not watch TV

No vis la televisin

They don't remember anything

No recuerdan nada

Ejercicios
Convierte a la forma negativa las siguientes oraciones.
1 He lives in New York.

2 They work in an office.

3 My sister Susan kisses my mother every morning.

4 They do their exercises every day.

5 Tom and Mike study every afternoon.

6 The concert starts at nine.

7 We do the shopping every Saturday.

8 My grandmother likes chocolate ice creams.

9 Their baby cries a lot.

10 Tom and his company do business in China.

Presente simple interrogativo

Afirmativo

Do/does + sujeto + verbo?

Negativo

Forma larga

Do/does + sujeto + not + verbo?

Forma corta
Afirmativo

Dont/doesnt + sujeto + verbo?

Negativo

Do I play...?

Do I not play...?

Don't I play...?

Do you play...?

Do you not play...?

Don't you play...?

Does he play...?

Does he not play...?

Doesn't he play...?

Does she play...?

Does she not play...?

Doesn't she play...?

Does it play...?

Does it not play...?

Doesn't it play...?

Do we play...?

Do we not play...?

Don't we play...?

Do you play...?

Do you not play...?

Don't you play...?

Do they play...?

Do they not play...?

Don't they play...?

Ejemplos

Do I eat this dessert?

Me como este postre?

Don't you speak English?

No hablas ingls?

Does he know him?

Le conoce?

Doesn't she play the violin?

No toca el violin?

Does it float?

Flota?

Don't we study this subject?

No estudiamos este tema?

Do you go to the cinema?

Vais al cine?

Don't they smoke?

No fuman?

Ejercicios
Pasa a la forma interrogativa las siguientes oraciones:
1 She writes her emails every morning.
?

2 The meeting finishes at ten.

?

3 My sister studies every afternoon.

?

4 You and your wife make a lot of money.

?

5 Our mother watches TV every night.

?

6 His companies depend on government-sponsored funding sources.

?

7 Practising yoga increases flexibility and strength.

?

8 His parents fly cheaply using low-priced companies.

?

9 Your new friend goes to the cinema every weekend.

?

10 First snows usually starts in November.

?

Presente continuo
El presente continuo ("present continuous") o presente progresivo ('present
progressive') se usa:
1 Para acciones que estn sucediendo en el momento en que se habla.

He is sleeping.
l est durmiendo

(en este momento).

2 Para acciones que estn en proceso de llevarse a cabo.

He is studying to become a teacher.

Est estudiando para ser profesor (aunque no tiene
por qu estar estudiando ahora mismo).

3 Con los adverbios "always", "continually" or "constantly" indica que la

accin es repetitiva e irrita a la persona que habla.

She is always sleeping.

Ella siempre est durmiendo

(me fastidia que lo haga).

4 Para hablar de una accin del futuro que est concertada o planeada. Este valor
de futuro vendr dado por un adverbio, locucin adverbial de tiempo o por el
contexto.

I am going to the doctor tomorrow.

Voy al mdico maana (ya tengo la cita).
They are going to New York next summer.
Van a Nueva York el prximo verano

(ya lo tienen planeado).

5 Es bastante usual su empleo con verbos que denotan accin o actividad ('verbos
dinmicos o 'dynamic verbs').

Im playing football.

Estoy jugando al ftbol.

Shes drinking water.

Est bebiendo agua.

We are writing a novel.

Estamos escribiendo una novela.

Ejercicios
Elige la respuesta correcta.
do you go
1 Peter ____ hard this week.
works
is working

2 You ____ French this year.

don't study
are not studying

3 ____ to my mother?
Are your mother talking
Is your mother talking

4They ____ the British Museum next

weekend.
visit
are visiting

5 How many books ____ to read this

summer?
are you going

6 They ____ the oranges.

are squeezing
squeez

7 ____ his problems with you?

Is he solving
Is it solving

8 They ____ to help us.

are trying
try

9 The child ____ the picture.

colors
is coloring

10 ____ cautious?
Arent they be
Aren't they being

Presente continuo afirmativo

Afirmativo

Se forma conjugando el verbo "to be" en presente de indicativo seguido de un verbo

en forma -ing.

Forma corta

Forma larga

I am working

I'm working

You are working

You're working

He is working

He's working

She is working

She's working

It is working

It's working

We are working

We're working

You are working

You're working

They are working

They're working

Ejemplos

I'm running

Estoy corriendo

You are talking to Ana

Ests hablando con Ana

He's cooking right now

Ahora mismo est cocinando

She is playing the piano

Est tocando el piano

It's ringing

Est sonando

We are studying

Estamos estudiando

You're playing football

Estis jugando al ftbol

They are riding a horse

Estn montando a caballo

Ejercicios

Completa las siguientes oraciones usando el verbo entre parntesis en presente simple o
presente continuo, segn corresponda.
1 (read) I usually

newspapers, but at the moment I

a novel. to the

doctor, so he went to bed.

2 (watch) My sister

the news at the moment but she usually

shows.
3 (eat) My parents often

pasta, but they

paella now.

talk

4 (play) My brother usually

5 (drive) My uncle

football, but he

basketball now.

a Porsche now but he always

a small car.

Pretrito perfecto en forma negativa

El pretrito perfecto negativo presenta dos formas:

Forma larga

Sujeto + have/has + not + past participle + ...

Forma corta

Sujeto + haven't/hasn't + past participle + ...

Sujeto + ve/s + not + past participle + ...

Forma larga

Forma corta

I have not worked

I haven't worked

Ive not worked

You have not worked You haven't worked

Youve not worked

He has not worked

He hasn't worked

Hes not worked

She has not worked

She hasn't worked

Shes not worked

It has not worked

It hasn't worked

Its not worked

We have not worked

We haven't worked

Weve not worked

You have not worked You haven't worked

Youve not worked

They have not

worked

They haven't
worked

Theyve not
worked

Ejemplos

I haven't bought a launch.

No he comprado una lancha.

You have not sent a postcard

to your friends.

No has enviado una postal a tus

amigos.

He hasn't talked to her since

yesterday.

No he hablado con ella desde

ayer.

She has not watched 'Titanic'

yet.

Ella no ha visto "Titanic" todava.

It hasn't snowed since 1980.

No ha nevado desde 1980.

We have not had breakfast.

No hemos desayunado.

You haven't cleaned your

rooms.

No habis limpiado vuestras

habitaciones.

They have not done the

laundry.

No han hecho la colada.

Hes not gone.

No se ha ido.

Ejercicios
1 Completa las siguientes oraciones usando la forma larga del presente perfecto del verbo
subrayado en forma negativa:
1 John, you send

this letter yet.

2 The neighbours complain

3 Our friend Peter give

4 I break

about the construction.

me the nicest bracelet.

up with my boyfriend.

5 Your brother know

him for many years.

2 Completa las siguientes oraciones usando las formas contradas del presente perfecto del
verbo subrayado en forma negativa:
6 The kid break

the vase, the dog did it.

7 My sister ride

the horse yet.

8 You speak

9 We let

10 It be

to him about that.

our son go to the party.

easy to get here.

Presente continuo interrogativo

Afirmativo

Presente de "to be" + sujeto + verbo -ing + ...?

Negativo

Presente de "to be" + sujeto + not + verbo -ing?

Afirmativo

Negativo

Negativo

Am I working?

Am I not working

Am I not working?

Are you working?

Are you not working?

Aren't you working?

Is he working?

Is not he working?

Isn't he working?

Is she working?

Is not she working?

Isn't she working?

Is it working?

Is not it working?

Isn't it working?

Are we working?

Are not we working?

Aren't we working?

Are you working?

Are not you working?

Aren't you working?

Are they
working?

Are not they

working?

Aren't they
working?

Ejemplos

Am I dancing?

Estoy bailando?

Are you learning karate?

Ests aprendiendo krate?

Is he not swimming now?

No est nadando ahora?

Is she travelling to New

York?

Est viajando a Nueva York?

Is it getting dark?

Est oscureciendo?

Are we doing the right

thing?

Estamos haciendo lo correcto?

Are you making your beds?

Estis haciendo vuestras camas?

Are they building a house?

Estn costruyendo una casa?

Ejercicios
Pon e l ver bo e ntre par nte sis e n la fo r ma ade cuad a de l ' pas t pe r fe ct
co nti nuo us' .
1 Mar y is le avi ng to mor r o w.
?

2 She is always maki ng no ise s.

?

3 We ar e do ing jus tice .

?

4 My fa the r is fixi ng it.

?

5 O ur ne ig hbo ur s ar e playi ng volle yb all.

?

6 Susan and her br o the r ar e go ing the re .

?

7 You are making it.

?

8 He is h avi ng dinne r.
?

9 I am re adin g an inte re st ing novel .

1 0 L ucy is p ayi ng the bill .

?

Presente simple y continuo

Diferencias entre el presente simple y el continuo

Generalmente usamos el presente simple para hablar de situaciones habituales y

el presente continuo para acciones que se estn llevando a cabo en ese momento,
pero hay ocasiones en las que esta diferenciacin no es posible.

1 En narraciones o historias.

En historias y chistes, propios del lenguaje informal, usamos el presente simple,

pero se usa el presente continuo para dar la impresin de que el hecho ha tenido
lugar recientemente, y mantener as la atencin del oyente.

Usamos el presente simple para narrar los hechos principales y

el continuo para describir o ambientar.
He drives the car and looks at him. He is listening music
and he doesnt recognise him. Then he shouts..

Conduce y le mira. Est escuchando msica y no

le reconoce. Entonces grita...
2 Verbos de estado.
Los verbos de estado ('state verbs') no pueden ir en tiempos continuos.
Estos son los que expresan:

Estado y posesin : be, have, own...

Percepcin y sentido: see, hear, smell, feel, taste...
Pensamiento y opinin: believe, remember, know, think, seem...
Gusto, preferencias: like, dislike, love, hate...
Hay ocasiones en que los verbos de estado pueden ir en forma progresiva:

1 Para indicar que una situacin es temporal.

I love having dinner with you.

Me encanta cenar contigo (habitualmente).

I am loving having dinner with you.

Me est encantando cenar contigo (hoy).

2 Para indicar que una percepcin es voluntaria.

This meal smells wonderful.

Esta comida huele de maravilla (estado, percepcin).

Im smelling this rose.

Estoy oliendo esta rosa (accin voluntaria).

3 Con los verbos de pensamiento u opinin se usa las formas continuas para
indicar que hemos empezado a pensar de esa manera o que no estamos seguro de
algo.
I regret that the car will have to be sold.

Lamento que el coche tendr que ser vendido (ya

he tomado mi decisin y lo siento).
Im regretting my decision to sell the car.

Estoy lamentando mi decisin de vender el coche

(cada vez soy ms consciente de que era una
decisin errnea).

4 El verbo 'feel' cuando significa creer u opinar va en forma simple y cuando

denota estado va en simple o continua.
I feel he is wrong.

Creo que est equivocado (opinin).

She is feeling good.

Se siente bien (sentido, estado).

I feel good.

Me siento bien (sentido, estado).

Ejercicios
Elige la respuesta correcta.
1 Tom ____ football in a school team.
plays

is playing

2 Im busy now. I ____ to do some shoppings.

m going

go

3 I ____ to the cinema unless I finish my homework.

don't go

'm not going

4 What time _____ your favorite TV program tonight?

is being

is

5 _____ newspapers?
Are you usually reading

Do you usually read

6 You ____ so nice.

look

are looking

7 Martin _____ NY monthly for work.

visits

is visiting

8 I _____ waiting for him.

sit

am sitting

9 The weather _____ better for the weekend.

isn't getting

doesn't get

10 Your wife ____ on september.

is giving birth

is birthing

Pretrito perfecto
El pretrito perfecto o "present perfect" se usa:
1 Para acciones o estados pasados que han acabado recientemente o que
perduran en la actualidad.
El 'present perfect' pone el nfasis en el resultado.

The goalkeeper has broken his right hand.

El portero se ha roto la mano derecha (y

an tiene tiene

repercusin en el presente)

She has opened the door.

Ella ha abierto la puerta

(est abierta todava).

2 Se suele usar el present perfect cuando nos referimos a acciones pasadas en las
que no se indica el tiempo.
I have cleaned the house.

He limpiado la casa ( no especifico cundo).

Si se especificara el tiempo habra que usar el pasado simple.
I cleaned the house yesterday.
Limpi la casa ayer (indico el tiempo).
3 Sin embargo, podemos utilizar el present perfect junto a una referencia
temporal si la accin o estado empieza en el pasado y continua en el momento
actual.

I have lived here since 2002.

He vivido aqu desde el 2002 (vivo aqu todava).

Si se considera que ha acabado se usar el pasado simple.
I lived here for 10 years.

Viv aqu durante 10 aos( ya no vivo aqu).

4 Para hablar de acciones o estados que tuvieron lugar una vez, nunca o un
nmero de veces especfico.
I have never been to New York.

Nunca he estado en Nueva York.

She has gone to the gym three times this week.

Ella ha ido al gimnasio tres veces esta semana.

Ejercicios
Escr ibe el ver bo mar cado e n ver de e n la fo r ma de l pr e se nte pe r fe cto .
1 My sis ter a rr iv e

2 I lo se

ho me .

the key o f my car.

3 Patr ick no t visit

4 We no t go

5 yo u/ea t

us this year.

to w or k to day.

all t he cake?

6 Sarah invit e

us to he r bir t hday par ty.

7 My so n wo r k

har d in his jo b thi s w ee k.

8 Yo u / not lo o k

9 Yo u / think

1 0 I t / be

afte r the pe t?

abo ut go ing abro ad?

the be st year o f my life .

Preposiciones y adverbios con el pretrito perfecto

1 Since + momento concreto de tiempo

I havent studied since Tuesday.

No he estudiado desde el martes.

2 For + perodo de tiempo

I have studied for three days.

He estudiado durante tres das.

3

Adverbios de frecuencia

Generalmente suelen ir entre el auxiliar y el participio del verbo.

She has always been my friend.

Siempre ha sido mi amiga.

I have never worked with him.

Nunca he trabajado con l.

Aunque tenemos que tener en cuenta algunas particularidades.
4 Never

Significa "nunca". Va en oraciones afirmativas para evitar la doble negativa. Se

coloca entre "to have" y el past participle.
She has never studied English.

Nunca ha estudiado ingls.

5 Ever

Significa "alguna vez". Se usa en oraciones interrogativas y se coloca delante

del past participle.
Have you ever studied English?

Has estudiado alguna vez ingls?

6 Just

Significa "acabar de". Se coloca entre "to have" y el past participle.

I have just studied the lesson.

Acabo de estudiar la leccin.

7 Already

Significa "ya". Se utiliza en las oraciones afirmativas y en algunas interrogativas.

Oraciones afirmativas

Va entre "to have" y el past participle, o al final.

I have already studied.
I have studied already.

Ya he estudiado.
Oraciones interrogativas

Se usa cuando se espera una respuesta afirmativa.

Have you studied already?.

Has estudiado ya?

Has she already finished the lesson?

Ella ya ha terminado la leccin?

7 Yet

Significa "ya", "todava", "an". Se usa en oraciones

interrogativas y negativas.
Se coloca siempre al final de la oracin y la respuesta puede ser afirmativa o
negativa.
I have not studied yet.

No he estudiado an.
Have you studied yet?. Yes I have/ No I havent.

Has estudiado ya?. S/No.

8 Otras expresiones

in the last week, month, year...,

en la ltima semana, en el ltimo mes, en el

ltimo ao...
this week, month, year...

esta semana, este mes, este ao...

so far, up to now...

hasta ahora
Ejemplos

I have studied three hours in the last week.

He estudiado 3 horas en esta semana (la semana

no ha acabado)
They have not studied anything up to now.

No han estudiado nada hasta ahora.

Si usamos expresiones como last year (el ao pasado) o last week (la semana
pasada) habr que usar el 'simple past' .
She studied last week.

Estudi la semana pasada.

Ejercicios
Forma oraciones con las siguientes palabras conjugando el verbo en presente perfecto.
1 Peter / already / finish

2 You / ever / be

his studies?

to China?

3 The sun just / hide

behind that mountain.

4 I my bike / since / not ride

5 Ann always / be

Tuesday.

my best friend.

6 We not study / for/ Japanese

7 'You / not eat / yet

five years.

?' 'No, I haven't.'

8 It be / a nice week / so far

9 We not meet / for / each other

10 She come / twice

to my house.

two months.

Pretrito perfecto en forma afirmativa

'Present perfect in the affirmative form'
La estructura del 'present perfect' en forma afirmativa es:

Sujeto + have/has + past participle del verbo + ...

El past participle de los verbos regulares tiene la siguiente estructura:
Infinitivo sin "to" + terminacin -ed.

La formacin y pronunciacin ser la misma que en el pasado simple.

Forma larga

Forma corta

I have worked

I've worked

You have worked

You've worked

He has worked

He's worked

She has worked

She's worked

It has worked

It's worked

We have worked

We've worked

You have worked

You've worked

They have worked

They've worked

Con los verbos irregulares hay que estudiar la lista de los 'past participles'

Ejemplos

I've brought my bicycle

Me he trado mi bicicleta

You have broken the vase

Has roto el jarrn

He's visited his aunt

Ha visitado a su ta

She has passed all her

exams

Ha aprobado todos los exmenes

It's grown in my garden

Ha crecido en mi jardn

We've travelled around the

world

Hemos viajado por todo el mundo

You have forgotten your

Os habis olvidado vuestros libros

books
They've chosen her

La han elegido

Ejercicios
1 Completa las siguientes oraciones usando la forma larga del presente perfecto del verbo
subrayado en forma afirmativa:

1 Patrick do

judo for many years.

2 My teacher live

in Paris for five months.

3 My parents meet
4 I Sleep

on their way home.

three hours.

5 Your brother eat

a pasta salad.

2Completa las siguientes oraciones usando la forma contrada del presente perfecto del
verbo subrayado en forma afirmativa:
6 I read
7 She watch

the newspaper.
the news.

8 This watch cost

a thousand dollars.

9 My brother isnt at home, he go

10 Its enough! We drive

to the gym.
for five hours!

Pretrito perfecto en forma negativa

El pretrito perfecto negativo presenta dos formas:

Forma larga

Sujeto + have/has + not + past participle + ...

Sujeto + haven't/hasn't + past participle + ...

Forma corta
Sujeto + ve/s + not + past participle + ...
Forma larga

Forma corta

I have not worked

I haven't worked

You have not worked You haven't worked

Ive not worked

Youve not worked

He has not worked

He hasn't worked

Hes not worked

She has not worked

She hasn't worked

Shes not worked

It has not worked

It hasn't worked

Its not worked

We have not worked

We haven't worked

Weve not worked

You have not worked You haven't worked

Youve not worked

They have not

worked

They haven't
worked

Theyve not
worked

Ejemplos

I haven't bought a launch.

No he comprado una lancha.

You have not sent a

postcard to your friends.

No has enviado una postal a tus

amigos.

He hasn't talked to her

since yesterday.

No he hablado con ella desde ayer.

She has not watched

'Titanic' yet.

Ella no ha visto "Titanic" todava.

It hasn't snowed since 1980. No ha nevado desde 1980.

We have not had breakfast.

No hemos desayunado.

You haven't cleaned your

rooms.

No habis limpiado vuestras

habitaciones.

They have not done the

laundry.

No han hecho la colada.

Hes not gone.

No se ha ido.

Ejercicios
1 Completa las siguientes oraciones usando la forma larga del presente perfecto del verbo
subrayado en forma negativa:

1 John, you send

this letter yet.

2 The neighbours complain

3 Our friend Peter give

4 I break

about the construction.

me the nicest bracelet.

up with my boyfriend.

5 Your brother know

him for many years.

2 Completa las siguientes oraciones usando las formas contradas del presente perfecto del
verbo subrayado en forma negativa:

6 The kid break

the vase, the dog did it.

7 My sister ride

the horse yet.

8 You speak

9 We let

10 It be

to him about that.

our son go to the party.

easy to get here.

Pretrito perfecto en forma interrogativa

Afirmativo

Have/Has + sujeto + past participle + ...

Negativo

Forma larga

Have/Has + sujeto + not + past participle + ...

Forma corta
Afirmativo

Haven't/Hasn't + sujeto + past participle + ...

Negativo

Have I worked?

Have I not worked?

Haven't I worked?

Have you
worked?

Have you not

worked?

Haven't you
worked?

Has he worked?

Has he not worked?

Hasn't he worked?

Has she worked?

Has she not worked?

Hasn't she worked?

Has it worked?

Has it not worked?

Hasn't it worked?

Have we worked?

Have we not
worked?

Haven't we worked?

Have you
worked?

Have you not

worked?

Haven't you
worked?

Have they
worked?

Have they not

worked?

Haven't they
worked?

Ejemplos

What have I done wrong?

Qu he hecho mal?

Have you had fun today?

Te lo has pasado bien hoy?

Why has he not called me?

Por qu no me ha llamado?

Has she lost her talent?

Ha perdido su talento?

How has it changed over

time?

Cmo ha cambiado con el tiempo?

Why have we had to sign

this paper?

Por qu hemos tenido que firmar

este papel?

Have you turned it off ?

Lo habis apagado?

Haven't they thought about

the consequences?

No han pensado en las

consecuencias?

Ejercicios
1 Escribe las siguientes preguntas usando la forma larga del presente perfecto.

1 ane / not ski / anything up to now ?

?

2 Your brother / do / his homework ?

?

3 Why / we / go / so fast ?
?

4 How / be / the day / at university ?

5 They / not win / the competition ?

?

2 Escribe las siguientes preguntas usando la forma corta del presente perfecto, en forma
interrogativa, siempre que sea posible.

6 Your friends / swim / today at the beach ?

?

7 The thief / not escape/ from the police ?

?

8 His sister / not phone / you since Monday ?

?

9 The rain / fall / in the countryside ?

?

10 We / not listen / this CD for three times in the last hour ?

?

Pretrito perfecto continuo

El pretrito perfecto continuo o "present perfect continuous" se usa para acciones que
comenzaron en el pasado y siguen todava en el presente o han acabado recientemente.

I have been watching tv for three hours

He estado viendo la tele durante tres horas

La diferencia con el present perfect es que el presente perfect continuous marca el nfasis en
la accin en desarrollo, mientras que el present perfect la contempla como acabada.
I have watched tv for three hours.
He visto tele durante tres horas (ya he terminado).

I have been watching tv for three hours.

He estado viendo la tele durante tres horas
marca el nfasis en la accin, no en el resultado).

(puede que siga hacindolo y

Formacin del 'present perfect continuous'

Afirmativo
Sujeto + have/has+ been + verbo en forma -ing + ---

Forma larga

Forma corta

I have been working

I've been working

You have been working

You've been working

He has been working

He's been working

She has been working

She's been working

It has been working

It's been working

We have been working

We've been working

You have been working

You've been working

They have been working

They've been working

Ejemplos

I've been studying English for

two years.

He estado estudiando ingls

durante dos aos.

You have been working for

three years.

Has estado trabajando durante

tres aos.

He's been lying this whole

time.

Ha estado mintiendo todo este

tiempo.

She has been playing the

piano.

Ha estado tocando el piano.

It's been raining since

yesterday.

Ha estado lloviendo desde ayer.

It's what we have been telling

you, Mat.

Es lo que te hemos estado

diciendo, Mat.

You've been taking care of

them since childhood.

Los habis estado cuidando

desde nios.

They have been thinking

about it for a long time.

Lo han estado pensando durante

mucho tiempo.

Negativo
El negativo tiene dos formas:

Forma larga

Sujeto + have/has + not + been + verbo forma -ing + ...

Forma corta

Sujeto + haven't/hasn't + been + verbo en forma -ing + ...

Forma larga

Forma corta

I have not been working

I haven't been working

You have not been working

You haven't been working

He has not been working

He hasn't been working

She has not been working

She hasn't been working

It has not been working

It hasn't been working

We have not been working

We haven't been working

You have not been working

You haven't been working

They have not been working

They haven't been working

Ejemplos

I haven't been laughing

lately .

No me he estado riendo
ltimamente.

You have not been learning

anything.

No has estado aprendiendo nada.

He hasn't been living here.

No ha estado viviendo aqu.

She has not been singing.

No ha estado cantando.

It hasn't been raining.

No ha estado lloviendo.

We have not been fighting.

No hemos estado peleando.

You have not been eating

lately.

No habis estado comiendo

ltimamente.

They haven't been attending No han estado asistiendo a

class.
clase.

Interrogativo
Afirmativo

Have/has + sujeto + been + verbo en forma -ing + ...

Negativo

Forma larga

Have/has + sujeto + not + been + v. forma -ing + ...

Forma corta

Haven't/hasn't + sujeto + been + v. en forma -ing + ...

Afirmativo

Negativo

Have I been
working?

Have I not been

working?

Haven't I been
working?

Have you been

working?

Have you not been

working?

Haven't you been

working?

Has he been
working?

Has he not been

working?

Hasn't he been
working?

Has she been

working?

Has she not been

working?

Hasn't she been

working?

Has it been
working?

Has it not been

working?

Hasn't it been
working?

Have we been
working?

Have we not been

working?

Haven't we been
working?

Have you been

working?

Have you not been

working?

Haven't you been

working?

Have they been

working?

Have they not been

working?

Haven't they been

working?

Ejemplos

What have I been doing

lately?

Qu he estado haciendo
ltimamente?

Have you not been reading

the newspaper?

No has estado leyendo el

peridico?

Who has he been talking to?

Con quin ha estado hablando?

Hasn't she been sleeping?

No ha estado durmiendo?

How long has it been cooking?

Cunto tiempo lleva

cocinndose?

What has we been

discovering?

Qu hemos estado averiguando?

Haven't you been playing?

No habis estado jugando?

When have they not been

telling me the truth?

Cundo no han estado

dicindome la verdad?

Ejercicios
Completa las siguientes oraciones usando la forma adecuada del presente perfecto del
verbo subrayado:
1 I paint

2 You tell

the ceiling.

each other about your lives?

3 It / not snow

since Tuesday?

4 My sister sleep

all the morning.

5 We not eat

in this restaurant lately.

6 How long she / study

7 My neighbour listen

8 He / cry

9 Ann plant

10 They not shop

English?

that music for hours.

since he got the letter?

a lot of roses in the garden.

for three hours.

Pretrito perfecto simple y pretrito perfecto continuo

Diferencias

Ambos se refieren a hechos o estados pasados que comenzaron en el pasado y

siguen en el presente o se han finalizado recientemente.

Podemos distinguirlos por las siguientes diferencias:

1 El 'present perfect continuous' pone el nfasis en la duracin o continuidad de

la accin.

I have been working all day.

He estado trabajando todo el da.

She has been reading my emails.

Ella ha estado leyendo mis emails.

2 El 'present perfect simple' denota que la situacin est completada y pone el
nfasis en el resultado.

I have written a novel.

He escrito una novela.

I have read your emails.

He leido tus emails.

3 El 'present perfect continuous' se usa, adems, para sealar que una accin es
repetitiva.
Cuando la accin tuvo lugar una vez o un nmero especfico de veces se usar el
'present perfect simple'.

He has been crying all night. (present perfect continuous)

Ha estado llorando toda la noche.

Ive gone to the cinema three times this week. (present perfect simple)

He ido al cine tres veces esta semana.

4 El 'present perfect continuous' se usa para hablar de situaciones o acciones
temporales y el presente perfecto para hablar de situaciones o acciones
permanentes.

I have been working on a new project.(present perfect continuous)

He estado trabajando en un nuevo proyecto.

I have worked all my life. (present perfect simple)

He trabajado toda mi vida.

5 Con los verbos de estado no se puede usar el 'present perfect continuous' a no
ser que tengan un significado especial como ocurre en las diferencias presente simple y
continuo.

I have known her for 3 years.

La conozco desde hace 3 aos (verbo de estado).

I have been smelling a rose.

He estado oliendo una rosa (verbo percepcin voluntaria).

I have been living in Paris.

He estado viviendo en Pars (verbo estado temporal).

Ejercicios

1I

the book you lent me.

2 How many hours

4 That man

5 They

6 We

for him?

the car? It looks nice!

in that corner for hours.

his brother in two years.

German for six years.

7 My friend Tomas

8I

10 I

her grandmother three times last week.

the house all day.

very hard to pass the exam?

the different uses of verb tense.

Simple past
El pasado simple o 'simple past' se corresponde con los tiempos pretrito
imperfecto y pretrito perfecto simple del indicativo en espaol.
El pasado simple o 'simple past' se usa para:
1 Hablar de acciones pasadas que tuvieron lugar en un momento determinado y que ya
han finalizado.

We went to the cinema yesterday

Fuimos al cine ayer.

2 Hablar de acciones pasadas que tuvieron lugar en un periodo de tiempo determinado y
que ya han finalizado. Suele ir con expresiones como "all day", "all year", "for 10
minutes", "for five years"...

We lived here for 10 years.

3 Hablar de hbitos o estados pasados. Tiene el mismo significado de used to (sola).

He prayed every night.

Rezaba todas las noches/sola rezar todas las

noches
She was a rebel at school.

Era una rebelde en el colegio/sola ser una

rebelde en el colegio.
4 Para narraciones en pasado (pretrito imperfecto espaol).

She lived in a beautiful castle and was very happy. She danced every night and
played with her three little puppies...

Viva en un bonito castillo y era muy feliz.

Bailaba cada noche y jugaba con sus tres
cachorritos...
Ejercicios
Escribe el verbo marcado en verde en la forma de pasado simple.
1 Yesterday my fianc and me talk

2 I see

the building on fire.

3 Your brother live

4 All my friends come

5 I really like

6 We watch

7 The cat jump

8 His son get

9 Johnny have

about getting married.

some years in Amsterdam..

to my birthday party.

the movie.

the football match at the bar.

over the car.

really bad marks at Maths.

a flu last week.

10 My dress fit

her quiet well.

Pasado simple irregular

Infinitive

Simple past

arise

arose

surgir

awake

awakened / awoke

despertarse

be

was / were

ser/estar

bear

bore

soportar

beat

beat

golpear

become

became

llegar a ser

begin

began

empezar

bend

bent

doblar

bet

bet/betted

apostar

bid

bid / bade

rogar,desear

bid

bid

pujar

bind

bound

atar

bite

bit

morder

bleed

bled

sangrar

blow

blew

soplar

break

broke

romper

breed

bred

criar

bring

brought

traer

broadcast

broadcast /
broadcasted

transmitir

browbeat

browbeat

intimidar

build

built

construir

burn

burned / burnt

quemar

burst

burst

estallar,reventar

buy

bought

comprar

cast

arrojar

catch

caught

atrapar

choose

chose

elegir

cling

clung

adherirse

come

came

venir

cost

cost

costar

creep

crept

arrastrarse

cut

cut

cortar

deal

dealt

tratar

dig

dug

cavar

cast

disprove

disproved

refutar

do

did

hacer

draw

drew

dibujar

dream

dreamt/dreamed

soar

drink

drank

beber

drive

drove

conducir

eat

ate

comer

fall

fell

caer

feed

fed

alimentar

feel

felt

sentir

fight

fought

pelear

find

found

encontrar

flee

fled

huir

fly

flew

volar

forbid

forbade

prohibir

forecast

forecast

pronosticar (el tiempo)

forget

forgot

olvidar

forgive

forgave

perdonar

forsake

forsook

abandonar

freeze

froze

congelar

get

got

obtener

give

gave

dar

go

went

ir

grind

ground

moler

grow

grew

crecer

hang

hung

colgar

have

had

tener

hear

heard

or

hide

hid

esconderse

hit

hit

golpear

hold

held

mantener

hurt

hurt

herir

input

input/inputted

entrar (datos)

keep

kept

guardar

kneel

knelt

arrodillarse

knit

knitted / knit

tejer, tricotar

know

knew

saber

lay

laid

poner

lead

led

guiar

lean

leaned/leant

apoyarse

leap

leaped/leapt

saltar

learn

learnt/learned

aprender

leave

left

dejar

lend

lent

prestar

let

let

permitir

lie

lay

acostarse, tenderse

lie
(regular)

lied

mentir

light

lit/lighted

encender

lose

lost

perder

make

made

hacer

mean

meant

significar, querer decir

meet

met

encontrarse

mistake

mistook

equivocarse/confundir

overcome

overcame

superar

pay

paid

pagar

plead

pleaded/pled

alegar

preset

preset

programar

prove

proved

probar, demostrar

put

put

poner

quit

quit/quitted

abandonar

read

read

leer

reset

reset

reajustar, restaurar

rewind

rewound

rebobinar

ride

rode

montar

ring

rang

sonar, llamar por

telfono

rise

rose

elevar

run

ran

correr

say

said

decir

see

saw

ver

sell

sold

vender

send

sent

enviar

set

set

poner, colocar

sew

sewed

coser

shake

shook

sacudir

shave

shaved

afeitarse

shear

sheared

esquilar

shine

shone

brillar

shoot

shot

disparar

show

showed

mostrar

shrink

shrank/shrunk

encoger

shut

shut

cerrar

sing

sang

cantar

sink

sank

hundir

sit

sat

sentarse

sleep

slept

dormir

slide

slid

deslizar

smell

smelled/smelt

oler

sow

sowed

sembrar

speak

spoke

hablar

speed

sped/speeded

acelerar

spell

spelt/spelled

deletrear

spend

spent

gastar

spill

spilt/spilled

derramar

spin

spun

girar, hilar

spit

spit/spat

escupir

split

split

partir

spoil

spoilt/spoiled

estropear

spread

spread

extenderse

stand

stood

estar de pie

steal

stole

robar

stick

stuck

pegar

stink

stank/stunk

apestar

strew

strewed

esparcir

strike

struck

golpear

swear

swore

jurar

sweat

sweat/sweated

sudar

sweep

swept

barrer

swim

swam

nadar

take

took

tomar

teach

taught

ensear

tear

tore

rasgar

telecast

telecast

televisar

tell

told

decir

think

thought

pensar

throw

threw

lanzar

tread

trod

pisar

understand understood

entender

undo

undid

deshacer

unfreeze

unfroze

descongelar

wake

woke

despertarse

wear

wore

llevar puesto

weave

wove

tejer

wed

wed/wedded

casarse

weep

wept

llorar

win

won

ganar

wring

wrung

retorcer

write

wrote

escribir
Ejercicios

Completa las siguientes oraciones con la forma del pasado simple de los verbos en verde.
1 Mary meet

2 I see

her brother at the university.

him talking to his friends.

3 We be

4 The plants grow

5 I really feel

6 The teacher give

7 You read

8 He take

9 The journalist write

happy to visit our family.

in two weeks.

sorry to say that.

a sucessful speech.

ten books last year.

the train at 9.30.

the article in ten minutes.

10 The phone ring

twice but nobody answered.

Simple past affirmative

El pasado simple de los verbos regulares tiene la siguiente estructura:
Infinitivo sin "to" + terminacin -ed

I worked

Yo trabaj, trabajaba

You worked

T trabajabas, trabajaste

He worked

l trabajaba, trabaj

We worked

Nosotros trabajbamos, trabajamos

You worked

Vosotros trabajbais, trabajsteis

They worked

Ellos trabajaban, trabajaron

Verbos irregulares

Los verbos irregulares no forman el pasado simple aadiendo la terminacin -ed.

No tienen regla fija, por lo que hay que estudiar la lista de los pasados irregulares.
Ejemplo del pasado del verbo "to go" (ir):

I went

Yo iba, fui

You went

T ibas, fuiste

He went

l iba, fue

We went

Nosotros bamos, fuimos

You went

Vosotros bais, fuisteis

They went

Ellos iban, fueron

Ejemplos

I played tennis yesterday

Jugu al tenis ayer

You told the truth

Dijiste la verdad

She cooked very well

Ella cocinaba muy bien

We wrote our letters

Escribimos nuestras cartas

Cambios ortogrficos en la formacin de la terminacin -ed:

1 A los verbos acabados en -e simplemente se le aaden una -d.

To move

I moved

Me mud

To love

She loved him

Lo am

To agree

We agreed

Estbamos de acuerdo

2 Los verbos monoslabos terminados en vocal seguida de una sola consonante o

los verbos bislabos acentuados en la ltima slaba, duplican la consonante final al
aadirle -ed.

To drop

He dropped it

Se le cay

To stop

They stopped

Pararon

To admit

I admitted it

Lo admit

3 Los verbos acabados en -l precedidos de una sola vocal duplican la -l final en

el ingls britnico.

To travel

You travelled

Viajabas

4 Los verbos acabados en -y precedida de consonante cambian la -y por -i y

aaden -ed.

To study

They studied

Estudiaban

To carry

She carried

Llev

Sin embargo, si van precedidos por una vocal siguen la

regla general de aadir -ed. Por ejemplo:

To play

I played basketball

Jugaba al baloncesto

Pronunciacin de la forma -ed

La terminacin -ed en los verbos regulares depender de la terminacin de los verbos en su

modo infinitivo:
1 'ed' se pronuncia como /t/ en los verbos que terminan con un sonido sordo (no
produce vibracin en las cuerdas vocales) excepto los que acaban en "t".
Es decir, los verbos que acaban en /p/, /k/, /f/, //, /s/, //, //

stop

stopped

work

worked

stuff

stuffed

reach

reached

kiss

kissed

wash

washed

reach

reached

2 'ed' se pronuncia como /d/ en los verbos que terminan en vocal o con un
sonido sonoro (hay una vibracin en las cuerdas vocales) excepto la "d".

Es decir, las consonantes sonoras /b/, //, /g/, /v/, /z/, //, //, /m/, /n/, //, /l/, /r/

study

studied

rub

rubbed

hug

hugged

love

loved

use

used

massage

massaged

resume

resumed

prepare

prepared

measure

measured

3 'ed' se pronuncia como /Id/ en los verbos que terminan en /t/ o /d/.

decide

decided

wait

waited

hand

handed

hate

hated

Ejercicios
Completa con la forma adecuada del pasado simple del verbo subrayado.
1 I see

your brother yesterday.

2 She get

a letter from Mike this morning.

3 They build

that house in 1950.

4 He feel

ill yesterday.

5 She go

to see the doctor.

6 It be

very late.

7 We buy

a new house last week.

8 He win

the lottery.

9 My husband fly

10 In 1950 there be

to Washington again last week.

about 200 million people living there.

Pasado simple negativo

La estructura del pasado simple en forma negativa es:
Sujeto + did + not + verbo + ...
Esto se aplica tanto en los verbos regulares ('to work') como en los irregulares ('to go').

Forma larga

Forma corta

I did not work

I didn't work

You did not go

You didn't go

He did not work

He didn't work

We did not go

We didn't go

You did not work

You didn't work

They did not go

They didn't go

Ejemplos

I did not remember where I was

No recordaba donde estaba

You didn't buy the ingredients

No compraste los ingredientes

He did not speak Russian

l no hablaba ruso

They didn't write a letter to her

No le escribieron una carta

She did not wash the car

No lav el coche

They didnt buy apples

No compraron manzanas

Columbus did not reach America

in 1789.

Coln no lleg a Amrica e

1789.

Ejercicios
Escribe las siguientes oraciones a la forma negativa.
1 I studied at this university for four years.

2 My family celebrated Thanksgiving Day last year.

3 After work we went to a party.

4Did you like your last dancing class?

?

5I loved Maths and Technical Drawing ten years ago.

6 Mary spent the best three months in her life in Ireland.

7 Was she happy in her job?

8 The boys took off the mudguards of their bicycles.

9 We saw some beautiful flowers.

10 They learnt to cook some traditional dishes.

Pasado simple interrogativo

El pasado simple en forma interrogativa tiene la misma estructura para los verbos regulares
e irregulares:
Afirmativo

Did + sujeto + infinitivo sin "to"

Negativo

Forma larga

Did + sujeto + not + infinitivo

Forma corta

Didnt + sujeto + infinitivo

Afirmativo

Negativo

Did I go...?

Did I not go...?

Didn't I go...?

Did you work...?

Did you not work...?

Didn't you work...?

Did he/she/it go...?

Did he/she/it not go...?

Didn't he/she/it go...?

Did we work...?

Did we not work...?

Didn't we work...?

Did you go...?

Did you not go...?

Didn't you go...?

Did they work...?

Did they not work...?

Didn't they work...?

Ejemplos

Did I fail this exam?

Suspend este examen?

Did he not know it?

No lo saba?

Why did you wait so long?

Por qu esperasteis tanto?

Didn't they tell you?

No te lo contaron?

When did you break your finger? Cundo te rompiste el dedo?

Did she watch the film
yesterday?

Vi la pelcula ayer?

Didnt she kiss her boyfriend?

No bes a su novio?

Ejercicios
Elige la opcin correcta.
1 Did you

TV last night?

2 Did your mother ever

a novel?

3 How many books

4 Where

5 Did they

6 What

last summer?

last Friday?

a good time?

at school today?

at school last week?

on holiday last year?

9 What

10 What time

she do yesterday morning?

up last Sunday?

Pasado continuo
El pasado continuo ('past continuous') o pasado progresivo ('past
progressive') se forma con el pasadodel verbo "to be" y el verbo principal en la
forma -ing.

Usos del 'past continuous'

1 Para indicar que una accin que transcurra en el pasado fue interrumpida por
otra accin puntual (que suele ir en 'simple past' e introducida por "when").

I was having a bath when the telephone rang.

Estaba tomando un bao cuando son el telfono.

2 Para expresar acciones que estaban en proceso de realizacin o teniendo lugar
en un momentoespecfico del pasado.

I was studying to become a teacher in 2003.

Estaba estudiando para ser profesor en 2003

(en

proceso).

The birds were singing this morning.

Los pjaros estaban cantando esta maana (en

ejecucin).

3 Para expresar acciones pasadas que se desarrollan paralelamente. Se suele

usar "while".

I was having dinner while he was watching tv.

Estaba cenando mientras l vea la tele.

4 Iual que en el "present continuous", el "pasado continuo" se usar para expresar
repeticin molesta de un hecho pasado cuando vaya acompaado con los
adverbios "always", "continually" or "constantly".

She was always sleeping.

Siempre estaba durmiendo. (Me molesta que lo hiciera).

5 Adems puede usarse para hablar de una accin programada en el pasado.
We started to pack. We were going to New York the following morning.

Empezamos a hacer las maletas. Nos bamos a

Nueva York a la maana siguiente(tenamos programado
marcharnos).

Ejercicios
Escribe el verbo marcado en verde en la forma de pasado continuo.
1 She consider

going to Canada next year.

2 Someone knock

the door while I had a bath.

3 She said that she think

4 I thought I do

of Saturday night.

the right thing.

5 My father wait

for a job that he could never have.

6 I was afraid that Peter watch

7 We sleep

the news in that moment.

when they arrived.

8 Yesterday at this time, the surgery finish

9 Did you hear me? I talk

10 It rain

when I left.

to you.

Pasado continuo afirmativo

La estructura del pasado continuo en forma afirmativa es:
Sujeto + pasado de "to be" + verbo en forma -ing.

I was working
You were working
He was working
She was working
It was working
We were working
You were working
They were working
Ejemplos

I was jumping

Estaba saltando

You were doing it very well

Lo estuviste haciendo muy bien

He was having fun with his

friends

Estaba pansndoselo bien con sus

amigos

She was playing hide and

seek

Estaba jugando al escondite

It was ringing

Estaba sonando

We were making dinner

Estaban haciendo la cena

You were living here for a

while

Estuvieron viviendo aqu durante un

tiempo

They were practising

Estuvieron practicando

Ejercicios
Pon el verbo entre parntesis en pasado continuo en forma afirmativa.
1 She admit

2 I sell

the crime when I arrived.

a letter.

3 Peter buy

a computer.

4 They walk

twenty kilometers a day.

5 The thiefs steal

6 John run

their house.

when I met him.

7 My father and I help

8 You stop

her.

the car.

9 You tw o pla y

1 0 My daug hte r st a y

the gui tar.

at ho me w it h so me fr ie nds.

Pasado continuo negativo

La estructuras del pasado continuo en forma negativa son:

Forma larga

Sujeto + was/were + not + verbo en forma -ing

Forma corta

Sujeto + wasn't/weren't + verbo en forma -ing

Forma larga

Forma corta

I was not working

I wasn't working

You were not working

You weren't working

He was not working

He wasn't working

She was not working

She wasn't working

It was not working

It wasn't working

We were not working

We weren't working

You were not working

You weren't working

They were not working

They weren't working

Ejemplos

I were not thinking about this

problem

No estaba pensando en este

asunto

You weren't doing the shopping

No estabas haciendo la
compra

He was not hiding anything

No estaba ocultando nada

She wasnt watching tv

No estaba viendo la tele

It was not blooming

No estaba floreciendo

We werent having lunch

No estbamos almorzando

You were not eating

No estbais comiendo

They werent fighting each

other

No se estaban pegando

Ejercicios
Pone el verbo entre parntesis en pasado continuo en forma negativa.
1 Peter not go

2 I not wear

3 The sun not shine

4 We not work

5 They not read

to the doctor, so he went to bed.

jeans yesterday.

but it was very hot.

all the summer.

for five hours.

6 When I got home, my parents not leave

7 You not talk

to Ann on the phone.

8 We not listen

to the radio today.

9 They not shop

all the afternoon.

10 She not drive

home, she came by bus.

Pasado continuo interrogativo

Las estructuras del pasado continuo en forma interrogativa son:
Afirmativo

Was/Were + sujeto + verbo en forma -ing

Negativo

Was/Were + sujeto + not + verbo en forma -ing... ?

Wasn't/Weren't + sujeto + verbo en forma -ing...?

Afirmativo

Negativo

Was I working?

Was I not working?

Wasn't I working?

Were you
working?

Were you not

working?

Weren't you
working?

Was he working?

Was he not working?

Wasn't he working?

Was she working?

Was she not

working?

Wasn't she
working?

Was it working?

Was it not working?

Wasn't it working?

Were we
working?

Were we not
working?

Weren't we
working?

Were you
working?

Were you not

working?

Weren't you
working?

Were they
working?

Were they not

working?

Weren't they
working?

Ejemplos
Was I dancing?

Estaba bailando?

Were you learning karate?

Estabas aprendiendo krate?

Why was he not swimming this

morning?

Por qu no estaba nadando esta

maana?

Was she travelling to New York?

Estaba viajando a Nueva York?

Was it getting dark?

Estaba oscureciendo?

Werent we doing the right thing?

No estbamos haciendo lo correcto?

Were you making your beds?

Estbais haciendo vuestras camas?

How were they building the house?

Cmo estaban construyendo la casa?

Ejercicios
Pon el verbo entre parntesis en pasado continuo en forma negativa.
1 You / talk

to Peter yesterday?

2 He / listen

music last night?

3 They / not look

4 You / see

for new shoes?

the snow avalanche?

5 Was she there when the show start

6 Did you enjoy while you do

7 It / not rain

the course?

last night?

8 Did you do anything while they / fight

9 I / not eat

10 It / not get

when they arrived?

dark earlier?

Pasado simple y continuo

El pasado continuo expresa la duracin de una accin pasada y no indica si est
terminada, mientras que el pasado simple se refiere a una accin puntual que
empez y acab en el pasado.
I worked last Saturday.

Trabaj el sbado pasado.

It was snowing at half past four yesterday.

Estaba nevando a las cuatro y media de ayer (no

haba acabado).
Diferencias pasado simple y continuo
1 El pasado simple describe acciones acabadas y el pasado continuo no
especifica si la acciones finalizaron o no, sino que enfatiza que estaban en
desarrollo.
He travelled around the world.

Viaj por todo el mundo.

I was travelling around the world.

Estaba viajando por todo el mundo.

2 Para acciones simultneas:
Si las acciones son consecutivas, los verbos irn en pasado simple.
As I saw her I left the room.

Cuando la v dej la habitacin.

Cuando hay un pasado simple y uno continuo este ltimo resalta la duracin de la
accin.
As I was watching tv the telephone rang.

Cuando estaba viendo la tele son el telfono.

Si las dos acciones tienen lugar durante un mismo periodo de tiempo se usar el
pasado continuo en las dos.
As I was having dinner, she was watching tv.

Cuando estaba cenando ella estaba viendo la tv.

3 Para hablar de acciones habituales se suele usar el pasado simple.
She visited her parents every day.
Sin embargo podemos usar el pasado continuo para enfatizar que la accin tuvo
lugar temporalmente.
When I was ill he was visiting me twice a day.

Cuando estaba enfermo me visitaba dos veces al

da (tambin es posible usar el pasado simple
en las dos).
4 En narraciones o historias se usa el pasado continuo para describir o ambientar
una accin.
He was walking quickly. He was not wearing her glasses.
Suddenly he fall...

Estaba andando rpido. No llevaba sus gafas. De

pronto se cay...
The Prime Minister died while he was sitting at his desk.

El Primer Ministro muri mientras estaba

sentado en su mesa.
5 Con los verbos de estado en pasado, siempre que no tengan un significado especial
como ocurre en lasdiferencias entre presente simple y continuo.
I loved him.

Le amaba (verbo estado pasado).

I was tasting his cake.

Estaba probando su tarta (verbo accin

voluntaria).
She was being silly.

Estaba siendo tonta (verbo estado temporal).

Ejercicios

1 When Peter arrived I ____ a programme

about deserts.

6 ____ a strange object outside. It _____ a

lot of noise.

were watching

There was / was making

was watching

There were being / maked

watch

There're / was making

2 You ____ until you ____ her.

7 What movie ____ you ____ in the

cinema last weekend?

walked / were meeting

did / watch
walked / didn't met
was / watching
were walking / met
did / watched

3 My friends _____ me they _____ stop

laughing.

8 My friends ____ when I ____ to go.

told / werent

weren't going / decided

told / couldnt

decide not going / wasn't

tolded / couldnt

didn't go / decide

4 ____ your mum _____ last Thursday?

9 Look! You ____ an amazing photograh!

Did / was working

was taking

Was working / during

were tooking

Was / working

took

5 Dorothy ____ during eleven hours. She

was so tired.

10 He ____ me all the day and I finally

____ him.

was sleeping

was texting / phoned

sleep

texted / was phoning

sleeped

was texting / was phoning