Professional Documents
Culture Documents
TAUNTON'S
Ing
October
2001
151
No.
Mastering
miter joints
Complete guide
to thinners
Rechargeable
batteries-tips
for peak power
Shop test:
biscuit joiners
Large tabletop
that's sturdy,
lightweight
Designing
a chest
of drawers
u.s.
U.K.
$6.95
4.50
74851 64797
10>
OELTA.\
o
Big machines
create big-time dust.
Our Model
HP Dust Collector
can handle up to
four machines and
pull bushels of dust
out of your shop.
50-853
aNEW
50-870
50-868
Our
and
Air Cleaners
feature the convenience
of remote control
operation, plus the most
powerful motors in their
class. Bottom line? Shop
air is filtered faster with
Delta than with the
competition.
50-885
50-820
No two shops are the same. And neither are their dust problems. Which is why we
make the broadest line of dust collection solutions in the business. Everything from
portable units to permanent systems to air cleaners that feature the most powerful
motors in their class. All of which helps to clear the air. For the name of your nearest
Delta dealer, call Delta Machinery,
In Canada.
.deltamachinery.com.
www
1-800-438-2486.
519-836-2840.
READ
ER SERVICE NO. 35
50-850 11/2
SERIOUS
WOODWORHI
NG TOOLS
SINCE 1919_
&
& &CELTA
MACHINERY
A Pentair Company
Classic
. Fl\rniture-Making Guides
'"': J':"';t '
"', ",
i ::''...J-) .... ... "
\t-ir- .,:j_''!r-
,ft,,'"'f
. , f.,!f: ,"" b,,:_ -._..
c:\ ')('", t"
.I .....
_'4- ,JI
) '0 -1: '.- .-.
,_.1.-' . HA""' -:--.._!-. r
rafts,
TO: DOVER
PUBLICATIONS
FWI IOI,
Dept.
www.doverpublications.com
READER SERVICE
::E
NORTHWEST TIMBER
(541) 327-1000 WWW.NWTIMBER.COM
NO. 129
800/227-2105
503/257-8957
U.nomrt SA Uti.
PO 30145, Po la n d OR 97294
READER SERVICE
Turbinaire
HVLP
90%
Sprayer
Reduce Overspray By Up To
No Compressor Required
As used
bys of
Scott
Phi
l
i
p
, TheWoodshop"
American
telonevipublsion.ic
material
being
sprayed.
NO. 108
90%
10:1
@ 60-90
5
Reduce Overspray By Up To
Reduces Air Pressure
10-15
&:
Easily
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.i5A i20V FREE CATALOG
Call today
&l/IIIII *l-BOO-866
-HVLP (4857)
'URBINA/RENC
1982
HVLP Spray Equipment Since
www.turblnalre.com
sales@turblnalre.coin
a woodworking
show
See you at
n e ar you.
READER SERVlCE
NO. 153
SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2001
Fine
Woo
dWork ingR
==__
__
Departments
6 Contributors
8 Letters
16 Methods of Work
FWW
artistry award
92 Current Work
a better woodworker
ThibyOnMistheColkeCover:
oDunbar
nial cupboard
isand
hicanghlbey adapt
a
bl
e
handp.to64buiols.lt with only
Photo: Erika Marks
See
Biscuit joiners, p. 58
Shopmade bowsaw, p. 82
Articles
42
Master
the Miter
58
Biscuit Joiners
A hands-on review
of what's on the market
BYON OUROLAND
R WEB SITE: JOHNSON
BYON OURGARY
WEB SITEROGOWSKI
: Rogowski
Watch Gary
50
Peak Power
for Cordless Tools
64
Colonial Cupboard
Freestanding cabinet offers
a tutorial on hand-cut joinery
BY MIKE DUNBAR
BY FRED SOTCHER
72
Air-Drying Lumber
It takes patience and a watchful eye,
54
cost savings
Designing a Chest
of Drawers
Borrow form and detail from
the past to help develop new ideas
BY GARRETT HACK
BY LEE GRINDINGER
76
Tackling
Large Tabletops
Make a tabletop that's as strong
as an airplane wing
using torsion-box construction
Build a Bowsaw
This classic tool still has a place
in the shop
BY J. CRATE LARKIN
86
AlIAbout
Thinning Finishes
You don't need a chemistry degree
to understand which solvents work
with each kind of finish
BY JEFF JEWITT
91 The
rightsolvent
glove
for each
Drying lumber, p. 72
Thinning finishes, p. 86
Contributors
Fi
n
e
WqqQWorking
EDITOR-IN-CHIEF
Timothy D. Schreiner
1976. 1977
In
he purchased
40 acres of
EXECUTIVE EDITOR
ART DIRECTOR
Anatole Burkin
Michael Pekovich
building furniture. You can view some of his restoration work by visiting
www.antiquebilliardtables.com. When he's not working with wood, you can
find him working on his
1928
X.
Baumann
CONTRIBUTING EDITORS
("Tackling La rge
Ta bletops") designs
a nd builds custom
fu rn itu re at his
business, Carleton
Woodworking
him at kcg@CWWing.com.
Class) is a member of
He is a n i nstructor,
builder a nd restorer of
J. Crate Larkin
&
VIDEOS
Fine Woodworking:
Newtown, CT 06470-5506.
Woodworking,
FINE WOODWORKING
(203) 426-8171
www.finewoodworking.com
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To contribute an article, give a tip, or ask a
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SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER
2001
Letters
More discourse on routers for
(FWW
WW
Fi
n
e
WqQQWorking
28-30:
Editor
in-Chief Tim Schreiner will help kick off
the new season of The Woodworking
Shows at The Odeum in Villa Park, Ill.,
near Chicago.
along with the
Marc Adams School of Woodworking,
sponsors the educational seminars and
free Masters' Demonstration Stage at all
54 of The Woodworking Shows
through May 2002.
Sept.
Fine Woodworking
FWW',
26-28:
A representative of Fine
Woodworking will be at the Long
Beach Convention Center for The
Woodworking Shows weekend.
will sponsor seminars and the free
Masters' Demonstration Stage; Fine
Homebuilding magaZine will sponsor a
trial run of a building-related seminar.
Oct.
FWW
www
8
FINE WOODWORKING
&
(FWW
1975
TAUNTON. INC.
TH&E TAUNTON PRESS
President
CEO
John Lively
Chief of Operations
Thomas Luxeder
Finance Director
Publisher, Magazines
Timothy Rahr
Jon Miller
Publisher, Magazines
Sarah Roman
Publisher, Books
James Childs
Editorial Director
Marc Vassallo
Creative Director
Susan Edelman
Carol Marotti
Wayne Reynolds
Edward Kingston
Jeff Dwight
NH
Notes
Comment beefs-I am writing
in regard to your Notes & Comment
write-up "Turned lampshades from green
wood"
#150, p. 22).
New Hampshire turner Peter Bloch's
idea of turning 200 Ibs. of wood into
90 gal. of scrap to make a lampshade
weighing a few ounces is downright
immoral. This is not an example of skill,
but rather one of wasteful and totally
inappropriate use of material.
Perhaps for his next display of waste,
Mr. Bloch might consider making a
toothpick out of a giant sequoia.
-C
Art:
WW
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FREE
Fine Woodworking
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Our magazines are for people who are passionate about
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Taunton Press magazines provide authentic, reliable
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TAU N TO N BOOKS
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CUS TO ME R SERVI C E
1-800-888-8286,
The Taunton Press, Inc., Taunton Direct, Inc., TaunfOn Trade Company,
Inc., and Taumon New Media, Inc
2001
Let t e
rS
(continued)
FWW
Rules of Thumb (
Every autumn, as the days begin to shorten and we put away our lawn mowers and
swimsuits, most serious woodworkers start thinking about what projects they'll tackle
through the colder months that keep us indoors. Usually those projects include some
thing that will make us stretch our accumulated talents just a little: a more difficult fin
ishing technique, a complex piece of furniture or an original design based on some
inspiring work we've seen recently.
the
WOOD
WORKING shows
Tool
L ISSUE ps
FIRST ANsN UA Sho
10
FINE WOODWORKING
NC
Writing an article
Fine Woodworking is a reader-written magazine.
WHERWORH
THROWS YOU [URUES,
IiET EUER.
Introducing The New Portable Oscillating Spindle Sander.
We've developed a whole new concept in sanding ... again.
121
curves. And its edge guide, with adjustable "infeed" and "outfeed"
standard equipment.
fences, makes it ideal for straight runs, too. Either way, you get perfect,
(from
1/2" 2"),
up to
50 200
to
grit),
90
edge sanding.
III
you have the flexibility to finish hard and soft woods, laminates,
it's Porter-Cable quality ali the way. To learn more, visit your
Mounts easily beneath
PorterCable and other router tables
1-800-487-8665 (519-836-2840 in
Canada)
Proud Sponsor of
THE NEW YANKEE WORKSHOP
on Public Television
PORTER+[ABLE
THE
WOODWORKER'S
WWW.PO RTE R-CAB LE. COMCHOICE
READ
ER SERVICE NO.9
SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER
2001
11
Let t e
rS
(conti n ued)
(FWW
would like to
apologize to the editors of Fine Wood
working and its readers. Due to an inter
nal miscommunication, we sent the OF
2000 E-Plus router to Tom Begnal for re
view. Unfortunately, this router is not for
sale in the
A smaller router, the OF
1000 E-Plus, is actually for sale in the U.S.
in the United States-I
u.s.
(FWW
12
FINE WOODWORKING
(FWW
(FWW
We Manufacture
& Service
SHAPER KNIVES
MOULDER KNIVES
Williams & Hussey
Profile Knives
We now distribute
FREEBORN
ULD
&
MA
- TIE UTIEUTE &
Quick Turnaround Time
QualitytivProducts
W. Moore ProHles LID. atTopCompeti
e Prices
.wmooreprofiNYles.com 1-800-228-8151...Ji'11.
FOLEY BELSAW . MO
Cutters
RBI
WOOD
ER HEADS
STER KNIVES
CUSTOM RO
RS
RS
CUSTOM CUTIERS
1 Commercial Drive,
10921
www
651-1097
&
31r SOU HARD
OORI
nded
and
eady
OAK,MAPLE, ERRYASH,
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of
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24 hrs
LAUNSTEIN
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384 S. Road,
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ft 7-676-!!. l.nctI!!?S
Manufacturer
Distributor of
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WOOD FL
NG
...
Pre-sa
RED
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to finish. Available in
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Choice .of widths
es
Unlimited
Most orders s
Every
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PHOME vmal
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Distinctive
Add that
to your woodwork
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fInishes designs. Do
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kits, too! Large colorful
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OUT
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1 -800-288-2389
READ
ER SERVICE NO. 177
0 1430
REA
SEPTEMBE R /OCTOBE R
2001
13
Methods of Work
A ta b l esaw spl itter you w i l l a ct u a l l y use
EDITED
AND
D RAW N
BY
JIM
RICHEY
N e w zero-clearance
tablesaw i nsert
!,8
\.t;4
Q u i ck-act i o n
clamp
--'-="-
Edging
Softwood s h i m
5506,
16
FI IE WOODWORKI
06470-5506.
Rugged legs
Contractor-tough:
weighs just
30
beam supports
Patent
lock in p lace -
I bs. -
400
I bs.!
or fold away
N G
N T R O D U C
Gross Stabil Corporation, a leading man
ufacturer of woodworking damps and
accessories proudly introduces a new
woodworking damp product.
2
PC is a revolutionary new Parallel Clamp for woodworking profes
6.6
(nylon) grade
IA
all
- Woodworker'sJournal
- WOOD Magazine
VIDEO: $8.95 + $2
plastic, rein
P/H
No test cuts. Fast setup. Unlimited
widths. Precision joinery. Classic and
variable sp acin g . Compound angles.
Curved dovetails. Box joints.
year
warranty. Made in USA since
201976.
KELLER & CO.
1 3/4" and
AD
RE
SIAsll
Petaluma, CA 94952
1-800-995-2456
707-763-9336
www.kellerdovetail.com
Keller
Simply theDovetail
best! System
READER SERVlCE NO. 3 1
S E PTE M B E R/ O C TO B E R
2001
17
Met hod f W k
S 0
0r
(conti n ued)
H a n d p l a n e c h a mfer g u i d e
Clamp the guides
to body of plane,
near the front.
few basic hand tools. The design called for chamfered edges. On
a test run I marked the top and sides of the stock and planed down
the pencil lines. The results weren't too bad, but they just
weren't consistent enough for the longer boards I needed.
To solve that problem, I built a chamfer guide to attach to the
sole of my jack plane (see the drawings at left). first planed
the edge of a length of scrap to 45 and then cut it in half length
wise, to make two pieces for the base. To the tops of those I added
a couple of side blocks screwed on tightly to fit against the body of
the plane. I cut slotted mounting holes in one of the base pieces to
allow for adjustments.
I clamped the guides to the sides of the plane-ahead of the
mouth where there is a support rib-so that I wouldn't crack the
casting. Loosening the screws on the adjustable guide and sliding
it one way or the other controls tl1e width of the chamfer. Once I
had the size of the chamfer set, the planing went very smoothly.
to
Ta m i ng u n r u l y power cords
Cha mfer
',id,
H o o k-and-Ioop
faste n e r
Slots a l low
adjustment.
18
FINE
WOODWORKING
Most portable power tools, such as drills, saws and routers, have
no provisions for holding the power cord in place. Try this.
Wrap a strip of hook-and-loop fastener (like Velcro), with a self
adhesive backing, around the cord about 2 in. or 3 in. from the
plug end. Then wrap the cord around the tool to determine where
the strip will come in contact with the tool body and adhere the
mating half of the strip at tl1at location. Now you can wrap the cord
around the tool and press the hook-and-Ioop strips together to fas
ten the cord. No knots, loops or unraveling cords get in the way
when you need to store or transport tl1e tool.
-Leonard Feldberg, Chestnut Ridge, N Y
ORDER 1-800-328-0457 MAIL ORDER HOURS M-F 7:00-5:30 C, S , T. SAT 8:00-1 :00
DELTA MACHINERY
Model Description .................................Sale
40-570 NEW 16" Scroll Saw
199
36-255 NEW 12" Compound Miter Saw 319
1 1 -985 NEW 10' Drill Press
119
50-868 NEW 3-speed Air Cleaner
299
31-695 6" Beltl9" Disc Sander
299
23-710 Sharpening Center
158
31-460 4" 8eltIDisc Sander
119
40-540 1 6 " varlspd Scroll Saw
129
1 1-990 1 2" Bench Drill Press .
184
22-560 12-1/2" Planer with extra knives and
dust hood
299
36-865 Versa Feeder Stock Feeder
249
36-220 10' Compound Miter Saw
169
14-650 Hollow Chisel Mortiser with
chisels and bits
239
17-900 1 6-1/2' Floor Drill Press
339
17-924 Mortise Chisel Kit
65
36-250 10' Slide Compound Saw
455
31-780 Oscillating Spindle Sander with
Free 31 -781 spindle set
199
36-444 1 0' Contractors Table Saw with
Free mobite base
589
31-250 18' Drum Sander .......................... 789
31-252 18' Drum Sander with extension
shaft, pneumatic drum
dust tray 849
28-275 14' Band Saw 3/4 HP
595
799
31-280 Sanding Center wI stand
37285 6' Jointer w/ stand
299
37-190 6' Deluxe Jointer
. 429
549
37195 6' Professional Jointer
50850 1 - 1 /2 HP Dust Collector
295
34-183 Tenoning Jig
94
22680 1 5 ' Planer wI Free mobile base 1 199
.. .. ..
. .. .. ... ... .
. .. .. ..
. . . . ..
.
. . ..
.
. . . . .. ..
.. . . . .. . .. .
.. . .. . .
... ...
. . .. ..
&
36-426
28299
33830
&
$50.0
849
749
36-843
50"
36-844
43-437
S'
1S
i1l1
MILWAUKEE TOOLS
051221 14.4 volt Cordless Drill Kit with
165
1 .7 Ah batteries
0516-22
6537-22
6521-21
0201-20
02346
0235-6
0244-1
0233-20
030120
0375-6
6176-20
6546-6
6547-22
6390-21
5371-6
6490-6
189
Super Sawzall
179
Super Sawzall w/ orbital
185
3/8" Drill 0-2500 rpm
109
1/2' Ori1l 4.5A mag 0-850 rpm
134
1/2' Drill w/keyless chuck
1 42
1/2' Dri1l 4.5A mag 0-600 rpm
1 42
NEW 3/8" Drill 5.5 amp .
89
NEW 1/2" Drill 8.0 amp
155
318' close quarter Drill
149
14' Chop Saw
169
Screwdriver 200 400 rpm
89
6546-6 Kit with 2 batteries
115
7-114' Circular Saw wI case
139
1/2" vI spd Hammer Drill Kit
189
10" MiterSaw.....
........... 269
B05010
LS1220
9227C
2703
LS1212
5057KB
2012NB
RF1101
R01101
SO
S'
145
32
29
255
165
169
1 42
215
65
185
209
125
429
249
259
529
69
335
195
319
699
279
489
205
'0"
We are one
of the last
mail order
compan ies
to p rovide
SMlV5P024PNKDG
5l7C-GlZ-3PKG
635lP
1 1-635
Sale
8.95
7.50
&
&
5-3/S" &
205
minute charger,
case
1/2 12V drill kit with two
EY6407NQKW
189
minute charger,
case
3/8" 12V drill kit with two
BIESEMEYER FENCES
B-50
50' Commercial Saw
T-SQUARE 52 52' Homeshop
TSQUARE 40 40' Homeshop
TSQUARE 28 2S" Homeshop
HITACHI TOOLS
C8FB2 8-1/2' Slide Compound Saw
C10FS 10" Slide Compound Saw
C15FB 15' Mitre Saw
EC12
2 HP, 4 gallon Compressor
CR1 3VA Recipro Saw-l 1 amp
325
275
255
245
.449
539
569
259
165
STABILA LEVELS
25010 1 0" die cast Torpedo Level
24620 1 6" Professional Level
24640 24' Level wi hand holes
24670 4S" Level wi hand holes
24816 Level package: 24670 and 24620
03100 Compact Laser Level with
24632
FREE FREIG H T
37632
. ...... Sale
prism
"Jambor Set" designed for setting
door jambs. Includes 78" level
and 32' level.
Same as above but
21
15
48
59
69
379
129
145
DW987K-2
&
eo"<t
Sale
Barrel'CUC'Jig Saw
164
Bosch Metal Case for above Jig Saws
24
Bosch 30 blade assortment for Jig Saws 29.99
161 9EVS NEW 3-1/2 HP variable speed
Plunge Router
319
1274DVS 3"x21' var. speed Belt Sander 165
1278VSK 1 -1/2"x12' Belt Sander
129
1275DVS 3"x24' var. speed Belt Sander 209
1276DVS 4'x24' vis Belt Sander
219
1 1 94VSRK 1/2" var. speed Drill wI case 159
1613EVS 2HP var. speed Plunge Router 199
31070VS 5' Random Orbit Sander
98
37250VS 5' Random Orbit Sander
145
37270VS 6" Random Orbit Sander
149
3915
1 0' Slide Compound Saw
479
3912
1 2' Compound Mitre Saw
299
1 1 224VSR7/8" SDS Rotary Orill
. 229
1 347AK 4-1/2' Grinder with case
92
1617
1-314 HP Router 2 handle
159
161 7EVS 2 HP Router with variable
speed, 2 handle
184
1-314 HP Router
handle
179
161 8EVS 161 8 router wI variable speed 205
3296K
3-1/4' Planer Kit
185
4000
10' Table Saw
495
''
JJ6CSX
JJ8CS
"0"
165
185
199
3960K-CC24
accessory package
..
HT
499
............................................ 1 1 99
JWBS140S
JWBS14CS
579
&
JWTS1 OCW2PF 1 0
JTAS10X501
JDP17MF
1499
DC-650
DC1100
299
PORTER CABLE
3812
&&
5563
5554
7529
97529
205
7.99
29
209
Router
249
294
309
319
109
225
119
145
124
148
65
68
underscribe base
Description
volt Drill
849
lS; , &
$,OfSO.O,
JET TOOLS
7519
7518
7539
7310
97311
1 587AVSC
o00z>=f-::l
t::
'"Z0:
u0f- ' I I
u'!J'"
t:lg
"-
1 200 CFM
PERFORMAX
1632 Plus Drum Sander
2'
245
275
649
849
1129
379
LUt::
>-cr:
LU>
LUZ
0(J)
LU
(J)I-"--l
ZLU
zi=
Z0
()
485
&
219
599
449
399
.499
Mac h i nes.
I-
269
289
BOSCH
Powermatic
and
W (J)--l
...J 0
<C 0 LU
00 ()LUa: IfZ (J)Il..f- f-I
0 LU3: (!)LU
00 0(J)<c--l cr:u..LULU
...J ()a: cr:u..
0 LU
DW708
OW788
DW733
DW744
249
800
199
OW988K-2
8-12
&
Machi nery
:IE...
169
OW983K-2
Ind ustrial
Lots
of 1 2
99.95
85.95
PANASONIC CORDLESS
EY6431NQKW 1/2" 1 5.6V
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DW610 1-1/2 HP 2 handle Router
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DW411 K 1/4 sheet Palm Sander wi case 58
OW682K Biscuit Joiner with case
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ER SERVICE NO. 144
19
Met hod f W k
S 0
0r
( c o nt i n u e d )
roughly the same shape. With the lathe set a t a high speed, press
the plastic into the turning spindle. The plastic will melt into an ex
act, reverse pattern of the spindle shape.
Router
Com pl eted
mortise
Basepl ate
Add i t i o n a l
guide d iscs
/
I
0- --0
Square mortise
location
%-i n . hole
'A.-i n . holes i n
corners
(2)
c!b
Attac h ment r i n g
Template
b --------=
__
in
20
FIN E
WOO DW0 RK I N G
With this router template and guide fixture (see the drawings at
right), you can easily make fancy curved moldings, such as oval
picture frames and gooseneck moldings for grandfather clocks.
The critical elements of this fixture are an extended %-in.-thick
Lexan baseplate and a number of -in.-thick Masonite guide discs
various diameters.
The discs can be attached to the baseplate in one of several
ways. Because I have access to metal machining tools, I made a
threaded, lipped brass ring and a matching nut. However, a com
mon 1 \6-in. PVC slip-joint adapter (also called a trap adapter)
makes an inexpensive, though less elegant, substitute. You will
need to cut off the end of the PVC adapter to make it fit. Whatever
attachment device you come lip with, make sure that the largest
router bit you intend to use will pass through the inside diameter.
To make the guide discs, first make a special faceplate for your
Atta c h m e n t nut
6",p''''
G ' Id'
d isc
Atta c h m e nt r i n g
F i n a l trim l i n e
lathe with a stub to fit the inside diameter of the disc. Drill out a
-in.-thick Masonite blank to fit the stub, attach the blank to the
faceplate and turn the disc to the desired diameter. If you know
the exact sizes you need, you can make up only those sizes. I
use the guide for many molding profiles, so I made a large number
of discs in -in. graduations, ranging from 1 in. to 4 in.
Before you can use the fixture, you need to cut out a curved tem
plate the shape of the molding you want to make. I use Y<i-in.-thick
material for the template. An outside or an inside template will
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Did It
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READ
ER SERVICE NO.
121
drill bits
planers
DEWALT store .
saw blades
S E PT E M B E R/ O C TO B E R 2 0 0 1
21
Met hod f W k
S 0
0r
( c o nt i n u e d )
work equally well. Because you want to have the template nearest
the thickest edge of the molding, this will dictate whether the tem
plate should be an outside or an inside form. I usually make the
template the same size as the final trim line of the molding.
Screw the template to the workpiece. (Clamps can get in the
way.) Now place the extended part of the router baseplate on
the template, with a guide disc riding against the edge of the tem
plate, and begin routing the first profile-the one that is outermost
from the template. Deep cuts must be done in several passes.
When necessary, I modify corner-rounding bits and other pattern
bits by carefully grinding off the ball-bearing stem.
After the first profile is done, change the bit and install a new
guide disc to step the bit in on the workpiece. Rout the second
profile. Continue this process in several steps until the desired
molding profile is complete.
-Leslie Zielicke, Fond du Lac, Wis.
C u re for p u ny knobs
Dril l-press h a n d l e
ry)]))))))b
C l i pped n a i l s m a r k
k e y l ocations.
Marking
gauge
./
M
[o
==
registers ga uge.
to hang the gauge on the wall for future use. To use the gauge, first
turn the spindle blank to a cylinder and square off the tailstock
end. Place the lip of the gauge flush with the tailstock end and
push the gauge into the turning stock so that the nails mark the
spindle locations. Deepen each mark with the point of a skew so
you won't lose them. Now you can turn your duplicate spindles
with both confidence and consistency.
-Richard Dieterle, Millersville, Pa.
Waste a rea
between p i n s
Egg shape
If you find the puny knobs on your benchtop drill press (or any
other tool) difficult to grasp, here's an easy solution. Buy some
1 -in.-dia. hardwood balls from a craft store, drill a hole in the
balls the same size as the handle shafts and force-thread them on
to the shafts. Secure the balls with some epoxy. Wipe on a couple
of coats of finish, and you're set.
For variation, craft stores also carry egg-shaped and "doll's-head"
wooden balls. A complete set should cost you less than $2.
D r i l l bit
;.g
22
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S E P T E M B E R/ O C TO B E R 2 0 0 1
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F I N E WOODWORKING
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Woo d we b s
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Photos, except where noted: Mark Schofield; this page: Lloyd McCaffery
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31
DEWALT.
READ
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Tools
&
M ateria ls
N ew ro uter ta b l e fro m B osch
The new router table from Bosch, model No. RA1200, i s a well
made product. The table is built for medium-duty work, but the
construction is sound, so I expect it to last many years.
The 1-in.-thick medium-density fiberboard (MDF) top is sturdy.
At just under 24 in. by 44 in., it gives steady support to large work
pieces. The fence is also sturdy, though the two sliding faces were
not perfectly aligned. I trued them up by slipping a paper shim un
der a single bolt on one of the faces.
The insert for the router is leveled
using six nylon bolts. The top also
features a T-slot for a miter gauge.
The thin legs make the table look
wobbly, but in heavy use it is surpris
ingly steady. The legs fold under tlle
table for transportation or storage. To
me, the table is too heavy to be
called portable (it weighs around
65 lbs. without the router). But, then
again, some people consider a con
tractor's saw to be portable.
The top of the table measures 36 in.
from the floor, although all of my
Safety features. A feather
other stationary tools are closer to
board and blade guard
34 in. high. Bosch describes its height quickly adjust to accommo
as "optimal," though I didn't find the date various thicknesses
added height either better or worse.
of stock.
I appreciate the easily reached
switches, but the concept can be taken too far: If you lean against
the edge of tlle table near tlle switch, the router shuts down. Relo
cating the switch a little farther under the table would probably
solve the matter.
The RA1200 router table sells for $360 (router and dust hose not
included). For more information, contact Bosch at (877) 267-2499.
-Strother Purdy
A 3 - i n . ri ght- a n g l e ra n d o m - o rb it sa n d e r
Metabo recently introduced the SXE400, a
variable-speed, random-orbit sander with
a couple of unique features. First, a right
angle head puts tlle motor/handle parallel
to the work instead of at a right angle. And
second, rather than the 4-in.-dia. or 5-in.
dia. disc, tlle size found on most random
orbit sanders, this one has a 3-in.-dia. disc.
A hook-and-loop system makes it easy
to mount the sandpaper to the disc. And a
variable-speed feature allows the sander
to run between 5,000 and 10,000 rpm.
The right-angle head and 3-in. disc make
the SXE400 a compact tool, roughly the
size of a toy train engine. So it's easy to
34
FINE WOODWORKI
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R
EH SEHVICE NO. 59
0 s
(conti n ued)
FW'W'
to
-Michael Standish
H i gh - a n gl e frog ta m es u n ru l y gra i n
Even the best, finely tuned standard-angle bench plane can pro
duce tearout when called upon to work ornery grained woods.
That's because the blade is bedded at 4So, an angle that's often
too low for grain that's on the wild side. But now tllere's help.
To minimize tearout when the grain is less than perfect, Lieielsen has just introduced a unique high-angle (SOO) frog for
its No. 4\-2 smoothing plane.
Although the higher angle doesn't always prevent tearout
when the grain gets nasty, those extra So do make a difference.
While planing figured wood, the tearout I got with the 4So frog
was routinely eliminated when I changed to tlle SO version.
Switching from one frog to another is easy, so it makes sense
to have both of them in the shop. That way you can use the SO
frog when faced Witll planing odd grain. But when working on
straight-grained wood or softwood, the 4So frog produces
equally smooth cuts with less effort. By the way, the high-angle
frog fits only Lie-Nielsen planes.
The high-angle frog is available from Lie-Nielsen (800-327-William Tandy Young
2S20). The current price is $7S.
36
1 N E \XI 0 0 0 \XI 0
RKI
The lowdown on a high frog. The high-angled (50) frog (on the plane in
back) cuts at a steeper angle than a typical 45 frog (front). A steep angle
is less likely to cause tearout when planing uneven grain.
Photos, excepr where noted: Erika Marks; this page (boltom): Michael Pekovich
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I f a painted antique look appeals to you, o r i f you simply like
shabby-chic or funky finishes, a crackled finish is a good
one to consider. It imitates the look of an old, multilayered,
painted finish, one that has long suffered from neglect as ev
idenced by a surface thoroughly covered with cracks.
On indoor furniture, it takes years for a painted finish
to crack badly. Now, however, using a system developed
by Franklin International, you can re-create the look of a
crackled finish in just a weekend.
You'll need at least two items from Franklin; its base coat (in
16-oz., 1 -qt. and I-gal. containers) and ColorPak (in O.72-oz. tubes
in seven different colors). You'll also need water-based latex paint
(not sold by Franklin) to serve as the outer coat. A clear topcoat is
also a must. Franklin offers one (gloss only), but any oil-based
polyurethane varnish will work. Don't use a water-based varnish
because it's sure to create problems with the base coat.
Applying the finish is a three-step process. To color the base
coat, mix in the ColorPak. Then brush on the mixture. It's pretty
thick, so you may need to add a little water to make it easier to ap
ply. A heavy coat produces larger cracks, while a thinner coat
gives cracks that are finer and closer together. When the base coat
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formly. As the latex dries on the base coat, the cracks begin to de-
Turn to Quality.
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velop, exposing the colored base coat underneath. After the latex
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This step isn't optional, because it protects the water-soluble base
coat from the effects of moisture.
A 1 -qt. container of base coat sells for $ 1 2.99, while a tube of
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-Mark Ziobro
.# ,
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Pn
ER SERVICE NO.
READ
38
ardware
F I N E W O O D WO R K I N G
40
0 s
(cont i n u e d )
to
-RolandJohnson
Strother Purdy works wood in Bridgewatel; Conn.;
Rex Alexander runs a one-man woodworking
shop in Brethren, Mich.; Michael Standish is a
woodworker and writel' in West Roxbu ry, Mass.;
William Tandy You ng b uilds furniture in Stow,
Mass.; Mark Ziobro builds reproduction furniture
and restores antiques in Sheffield, Mass.,' Roland
Johnson lives in Sauk Rapids, Minn., where he has
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40
F I N E W O O D WO R K I N G
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lFon yourEESfirst AT
(meExnttipwoinroecsoord1e2d1nee3r1sD.0O1. l)
rich colors.
(888) 800-3338.
PO Box 1 149 . Wilton. 03086
18002581380(USA)
603-654-6828
Visit us on-line at: wifax:llia603-654-5446
msnhussey.com
NH
READ
ER SERVICE NO. 54
Professional Division
READER SERVICE NO. 194
SEPTE M B E R/OCTO B E R
200 1
41
43
II M I T E R - G A U G E
TU N E- U P
A n a u x i l i a ry
fence s u p p o rts
the workpiece
right up to the
blade.
A strip of
s a n d pa per glued
to the fence
prevents the
workp iece from
s l i p p i ng.
______________________
To set the miter gauge at exactly 45, first align a drafting triangle against the miter slot in the
tablesaw (left). Make a cut in a piece of scrapwood (middle). Flip over the cut-off piece and hold
both pieces tightly against a square (right). Adjust the miter gauge until there is no gap, and you
are set to cut perfect miters.
44
FINE WOODWORKING
II P I C T U R E - F R A M E
JIG
joint.
C l a m p i ng b l ocks a re
gl ued to the fence.
Clamping
exte nsion a rm
90
Plywood fe nce,
% in. t h i c k
Stop
block
'h
Plywood base,
in.
t h i c k b y 1 4 i n . wide
by 1 2 in. l o n g
Fe nce
Watch it
t h e web
on
Visit www.finewood
working.com to see
Gary Rogowski
demonstrate this
tablesaw jig for
cutting miters.
Base
13
R u n ners, % i n . wide by
in.
l o n g, a re m a d e o f %-i n .-th i c k
qua rtersawn h a rdwood a n d
a re screwed t o the bottom of
the base.
45
II T R I M M I N G M I T E R S
BY
HAN D AN D MACH I N E
46
F [ N E \XI 0 0
\XI 0
RKJ
NG
II G L U I N G A N D C LA M P I N G M I T E R S
lin
Biscuit sp
A better band
clamp. Plastic cor
ner blocks added to
a band clamp re
duce the risk of
crushing the corners
of the workpiece.
Barclamp tech
niques. Shopmade
clamping blocks dis
tribute pressure
across the joint and
won 't mar the work
piece.
SEPTEM BEH/OCTOBER
2001
47
>1
Cutfing the
No band
spline. Use a
tenoningjig to
trim the spline
clamps here.
Because the
spline extends
beyond the out
side corner, it is
to thickness.
necessary to use
block clamps.
SPLINECUTTING JIG
This j ig has two 45 fences, which a l low miters to be
cut on both ends of the workpiece while kee p i ng the
Tablesaw
fence
Rotate jig
to make
second cut.
k----...
Jig
12
J ig,
in. l o n g by
6 i n . h igh
48
F J rE WOODW0R K I
K EY E D M I T E R S
STRA I G HT K EY
FACE K EY
Grain d i rection
of the key
materi a l runs
a cross the
j O i nt.
Wi dth is
dete r m i ned
by the look
desired.
KEYCUTTING JIG
--------
J i g. 5 i n . wide by
12 i n . long
Fence.
i n . wide by
12 i n . long
keys. Simply by ad
justing the fence of
the tablesaw, the
key-cuttingjig can
cut either straight
keys in the center of
the frame (above),
Screws a re located
a bove the h ighest p o i nt
of the tablesaw blade.
SE PTE
BE
R/0CT0 BE R 2
001
49
Peak Power
BY FRED SOTCHER
50
FINE WOODWORKING
Photos, except where noted: Kelly Dunton; this page: Michael Pekovich
B ATT E R Y B A S I C S
STA N DA R D BATT E R I ES
Both n i c kel-ca d m i u m a n d n i c kel-metal-hyd ride
batte ries a re m a d e u p of a col l ection of
i n d iv i d u a l cells. Each cell provides 1 . 2 volts, a n d
pop u l a r c o m b i n ations i n cl u d e 9 . 6 , 1 2 , 14.4, 18
a n d 24 volts. The downside to m o re power is
greater b u l k a n d weight.
1.2-volt
cells
or
ADVA N C E D BATT E R I ES
T h i s recent design i n c l udes s m a l l e r,
l i ghter-weight cells, heat d isS i pation
p l ates and a m e m ory chip b u i lt i nto the
battery. The c h i p records the h istory of
each cell when the battery is p l u gged
i nto the cha rger to dete r m i n e the opti m a l
c h a rge f o r e a c h cel l .
Heat
d issipation
pl ates
51
2. After rea c h i ng f u l l
c h a rge, l e t the battery
cool before u s i n g it i n
a power too l .
1. I nsert the cool battery
warm from b e i n g i n
use, a l low i t t o cool
for a bout a half h o u r
before rech a rg i n g.
ill
s-This unit
is about 2 in. square, with a 120-volt plug
on one side and a small cord that makes
two electrical contacts with the battery.
There are no indicator lights or start but
tons. This type of charger provides a con
tinuous small charge
the battery,
requiring up to
hours for a full charge.
Even after the battery has been fully
charged, the charger keeps operating,
Basic chargers have no fr
10
52
to
FINE WOODWORKING
15
Offered with
newer and more powerful cordless tools, a
microprocessor-based charger has four
electrical contacts with the battery. The
fourth contact allows the charger to moni
tor the temperature of the battery. The
charger waits for the battery to cool off be
fore starting the charging cycle, allowing it
to charge the battery fully. This type of
charger often has lamps to indicate that the
battery is too hot to start charging or that
the battery is not accepting the charge and
should be discarded.
The microprocessor-based chargers de
signed for nickel-metal-hydride batteries
normally recharge at a fast rate until a 90%
capacity has been achieved, then at a slow
er charge rate to complete the charge. The
microprocessor in some chargers provides
the charge current in pulses to reduce heat
ing. Although a microprocessor-based
charger is much more forgiving of the
recharging procedure you use, it is still best
to recharge the battery when you notice a
reduction in the tool's performance-but
before the battery is exhausted.
the way of the future-
R U LES FO R C HARGERS
THE MICROPROCESSOR.BASED
CHARGER
Most of the r u l es a p p l y i n g to
basic a n d sta n d a rd c h a rgers
a re taken c a re of by the
m e m ory c h i p in the c h a rger,
but certa i n advice for their
use sti l l a p p l ies.
Use the tool until the power
is nea rly exh a u sted.
Keep the battery a nd the
c h a rger away from heat
sou rces.
Do not s h o rt out the battery.
53
:::;,,'1 .,;"'..
... ,,""',L<
;--!J.
j
f.pr-f:;
\-2.L-... ' j\. :
fA '- \
'. "I_.
\1
1 '
f\I'r)\ t- -\!i
rif" . \f
I 1
Designing a
Chest of Drawers ..
Borrow fo rm a n d d eta i l fro m t h e past
to h e l p d eve l o p n ew i d eas
BY GARRETT HACK
I
--- I
fJ 'r
II
)".; f.fA
4-<L..Iec","",< <:,<;->.r;.....
I
"."'/---.
It,
4./"'r"'?b('/4,." ,;
"
pllA"Kf I'
For me, originality comes not from trying to invent some new form
or detail, but from some fresh and intriguing combination of ideas
I've picked up along the way. I 've been building and studying
chests for years, and I've learned that knowledge builds on knowl
edge; you have to learn certain basics-about both design and
construction-before you can understand more complex ideas. I
can look at all sorts of furniture and absorb ideas, but only by ac
tually building a piece that incorporates those ideas do they be
come part of my design vocabulary. And more importantly, I begin
to understand new directions in which I can push those ideas next
time. When thinking about a design problem, I often start by eval
uating similar (and dissimilar) pieces I've built in the past.
The most exciting designs are those with the fewest restrictions.
For example, a man recently gave me a commission for a chest of
drawers. He didn't have any fixed ideas of what he wanted. He fa
vored cherry, but he was open to other light-colored native
woods. He also liked the dimensions of another chest he owned,
about 4 ft. high and a little less than 3 ft. wide.
I N S P I R AT I O N I S E V E RYW H E R E
end auction catalogs. But design ideas can come from architec
ture, old farm implements, nature
or even looking critically at your
earlier work.
SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2001
55
T RA I N YO U R EYE T O F I N D T H E R I G HT P R O P O RT I O N S
The visual balance of
in.
times be so subtle
they just feel right.
Awkward proportions
are often more obvi
ous. There are a few
guides to help you
find pleasing propor
tions, but it is best to
train your eye by look
ing critically at good
design of all kinds.
337", 323/4
II
-------'>I
--;f\
35'1., -I<'---
in.
4% i n .
T
---
5% i n .
7'%T
T
J.
6:% i n .
47 i n .
in.
8% i n .
11
1<
35'%
in.
--------'>I
Case front
bows i n .
S U BT L E C OV E
S E P T E M B E R / O C TO B E R 2 0 0 1
57
Biscuit Joiners
BY ROLAND JOHNSON
On/off
switch
FEATURES
TO FAVOR
Look for a comforta ble handle;
an easy-to-o perate switch; an
adjustable fence that works
smoothly, offers good support
and adjusts for angles you
need; a t u rret stop that adjusts
Base
point
grips
58
FINE WOODWORKl
C R A FT S M A N 2 7 7 3 0 0
(800) 697-3 2 7 7
C R A FT S M A N 17 501
(800) 697-3277
D EWALT DW682
(800) 433-9258
Parallel is a
F R E U D J S 100A
(800) 472-7307
S E P T E M B E R / O C TO B E R 2 0 0 1
59
(800) 472-7307
F R E U D J S 102
get maxi
mum glue strength from a biscuit joint, you
want the biscuit to fit snugly in the slot. If
it's too loose, the glue bond might suffer.
But too tight a fit, and it becomes a fight to
put the parts together.
The Craftsman 17501 and Ryobi ]M80
joiners cut slots that are a bit wide, so the
biscuits fit somewhat loose. The remaining
joiners cut slots in which the biscuit fit
withoLlt problems.
Biscuits should fit snugly-To
(800) 456-8665
J E PS O N 7 2 0 4
B EY O N D T H E B A S I C B I S C U I T
HARDWARE TO CONSIDER
The biscuit joiner can be used for more than just cutting
slots for biscuits. By cutting the slot into the face of a
workpiece, you get an instant mortise for a Duplex hinge.
And you can get the hinges in solid brass, nickel-plated
steel or burnished black.
(800) 2 5 2-6355
LAM E L LO C L AS S I C C2
ware that can be installed quickly and easily. Just cut the
DU PL EX
HINGE
LA M E L LO TOP 20
(800) 2 5 2-6355
60
FI IE WOODWORK]
C O N N E CTORS
PLASTIC
B I S C U ITS
M A K ITA 3 9 0 1
(800) 462-5482
P O R T E R-CA B L E 557
(800) 368-1487
MINI-BISCUITS
Even the smallest of standard-sized biscuits can be too big. As an
example, when joining narrow face frames or picture
frames, #0 biscuits can break through the edges of the
frames, exposing the ends of the biscuits.
One answer can be found in the form of a diminutive
biscuit joiner that cuts baby biscuits (left). A dead
ringer for the recently discontinued Ryobi OBJ50,
the Craftsman 175500 cuts three sizes of mini-
__
RYO B I J M 80
(800) 5 2 5-2579
1,2 in. by
1%6 in. But before you can cut slots for a #FF bis
cuit, you first need to switch from the 4-in.-dia.
cutter to a 2-in.-dia. cutter (right) that's a
standard accessory for the Porter-Cable 557.
V I R U T EX A B 11C
(800) 868-9663
2001
61
B I S C U I T J O I N E R S BY TH E N U M B E R S
Testing for parallel. For the first test, the adjustable fence supports the joiner (left).
The base of the joiner serves as the fence for the second test (right).
AVERAG E STR E E T P R I C E
$ 180
A M P E RAG E
6.5
I ran a couple of
ADJ USTA B L E- A N G L E
FENCE
Yes
N O-LOAD N O I S E L E V E L
100
dB
AMOUNT
Watch it
O U T O F PA RA L L E L
-John White
on
t h e web
0. 007 i n .
U S I N G BASE
0.006 i n .
S LOT I S
USING FENCE
unl N G -D E PTH
I N D EX E S ON T U R R ET
0, 10,
20, M
62
FI
E WOODWORKING
.-f0
It)....
.-f
ZCC
II)....
LI.CC
(.)a::
$ 100
.-f0
en(V)
CC....
-::II::
CC
$321
$629
$ 159
$202
$ 100
6.4
6.2
i I
5.6
7.5
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
N00
CD
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l.
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N(.)
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CC CC
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$ 169
$99
$ 12 5
$ 136
Yes
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CC
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$265
103 d B
95 d B
95 d B
98 d B
96 d B
96 d B
96 dB
96 d B
96 d B
95 d B
0.017 i n .
0 . 0 17 i n .
0. 003 i n .
0. 007 i n .
0 . 014 i n .
0.000 i n .
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0.015 i n .
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0.004 i n .
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0, 10, 2 0
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20, M
0 , 10,
20, A ,
B, MAX,
0 , 10,
20, A ,
B, MAX,
0 , 10,
20
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MAX
0, 10,
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MAX
0, 10,
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MAX, F F
0, 10,
20
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96 d B
Top choices
All things considered, and after poking,
probing and "playing" with each of the
tools, I'd say the Lamello Top 20 is my fa
vorite. Top-quality construction, smooth
operation and plenty of accuracy make this
tool a pleasure to use. Plus, the turret has a
wonderful action. And it has a trigger
switch that should be the industry stan
dard. Although the Top 20 is by far the
most expensive of the bunch, it's built for
the long haul. And as a full-time wood
worker, that's an important plus for me.
But if the Lamello Top 20 looks to be a
budget buster, I'd take a look at the Porter-
FWW
shop.
63
Colonial
Cupboard
Freesta n d i n g ca b i n et offe rs a tuto r i a l
o n h a n d-c u t j o i n e ry
BY MIKE DUNBAR
64
FINE WOODWORKING
A D O V ETA i l E D B O X I S T H E F O U N D AT I O N
Shelves, back boards, face fra me, cornice and bracket base a l l attach
C O R N I C E D ETA I L
to the dovetailed case. Then, all that's left is the fra me-a nd-pa nel door.
6'1..
in.
wide b y 22 i n . long
'I..
'I..
boards,
by
in.
f1% i n .
% 10.
B a c k boards,
Ihlo"
---;.j
T
1
Case is
dovetai led
in.
1% i n .
at c o r n e rs .
(C, 14
.- . -. ...
S H E L F D E TA I L
.1
If
%S i n .
Sides,
% in. t h i c k
36'h
6'1..
by
in.
wide by
36
T
. 3/ In.'
. .
i n . ta l l
She lves, % i n .
t h i c k by 6 i n . wide
by 2 1 in. long
Te n o n , % in. thick
by 1 '1.. in. wide by
1'1.. in. l o n g
B R A C K ET-BASE
D ETA I L
,/ /'
%
ta l l , is attached
with cut n a i ls a n d
glue.
3% In.
'%mY
Faceframe r a i l s ,
% i n . t h i c k b y 2'1.. i n .
wide b y 17% i n . l o n g,
s h o u l d e r to s h o u l d e r
f i l let
14 I n .
reinforcement
3/4
i n . t h i c k by
i n . ta l l ,
i s atta ched with cut
nails.
f-- --;.j
% in.
65
Matching dadoes. Butt the sides against each other and lay out
the locations of shelf dadoes (1). Use a utility knife to scribe the
edges as deeply as possible (2), then pare out the waste with a
chisel (3). Scribe and pare until you reach final depth. If you have
one, use a router plane to clean up the bottom of the dado.
66
FINE WOODWORKING
WW
\.8
WW
Bracket base
The upper edge of the bracket base is
molded with a stepped cove. Furniture
N A i l O N T H E FA C E F R A M E A N D B A C K
www
The cornice
You have two considerations when choos
ing a profile for the crown molding. The
most important is that the cornice be in
scale with the cabinet. The type of profile
is less important; it depends on how accu
rate you wish to be to a particular peri-
S E PTE M B E R/0CTO B E R 2 0 0 1
67
C R OW N M O LD I N G
Mold the cornice with an
ogee molding plane. Take all
DETAILS MAKE
THE DIFFERENCE
S p r i n g l i nes
M a ny m o l d i n g p l a nes a re
designed to be ti lted in use.
Spring l i nes offer t h e user a
v i s u a l refe rence for
M a ke t h e c a b i net more fo r m a l by
b u i l d i n g it of w a l n u t o r m a h ogany a n d
a d d i n g c o m p lexity, i n c l u d i n g a dentil
Fit the miters to each other. Cut the front piece to size and tack it on temporarily. Then trim the
miters on each side piece to fit the front piece. A good way to do this is to hold a block plane
against your chest and drag the miter across it.
68
FINE WOODWORKING
Raised-panel door
The raised-panel door is your next lesson
in hand-tool joinery. Making a simple door
with unmolded stiles and rails and a flat
panel is pretty straightforward. But add a
couple of details, and the level of com
plexity increases by a surprising amount.
These stiles and rails have a typical 18th
century thumbnail molding, and the panel
Y.!
Y.!
your panel to
size. Remember, this wide panel is intend-
B U i l D T H E B R A C K ET B A S E
have a
molding plane that makes a thumb
nail. However, you can also use a rabbet
plane to create the fillet and a block plane
to round the profile (see
# 134,
p. 53). Use a small profile template to en
sure consistent results.
The thumbnail moldings will not come
together unless you cope them and cut
away the mortise's front edge to the depth
FWW
S E P T E M B E R / 0 C T0 B E R 2 0 0 1
69
F R A M E - A N D - PA N E l D O O R
The door is the most challenging part:
It has a floating raised panel and a
Sti l e
"
e
II
ct
R a i l s , 13% i n .
T h i s s q u a re corner
is coped away so
that it c a n mate
with the sti l e .
l o ng, s h o u l d e r
--
t o s h o u l d er,
17% i n . ove ra l l
Sti l es,
70
FINE WOODWORKING
\4
\.8
to
I wanted my cabinet
look as if it had
some age. The color I had in mind was the
pale tan that raw pine turns to after about
five years. However, I did not want to use a
stain. Stains darken the softer latewood and
leave the harder earlywood lighter in col
or, which is the opposite of the way pine
darkens with age.
I achieved the look I wanted in one after
noon by using nothing more complicated
than tea. I made a really strong mixture
by steeping three bags in a cup of hot wa
ter. When it had cooled, I brushed the
strong tea onto the wood, darkening the
surface very slightly. I allowed this applica
tion to dry and sanded any raised grain.
Each subsequent coat of tea darkened the
pine further. It took four coats to give me
the look I wanted. You can follow with var
nish, or if you want to tweak the color
slightly-to make it a bit less yellow, for ex-
U7W
Hardware
I hung the door with solid brass H-hinges,
which are appropriate for an 18th-century
design, and I secured the door with a brass
pendant latch. Both of these items
came from Ball and Ball Hardware Repro
ductions (800-257-371 1 ;
.ballandball
us. com). While more expensive than the
brasses sold at hardware stores and home
centers, the prices were not prohibitive. I
have always thought it a shame that a
woodworker would invest so much in a
piece but tl1en install cheap hardware.
www
Options, options.
At far left is the cabi
net finished with
Lexington Green
milk paint, with a
linseed-oil overcoat.
The other version is
finished with four
washcoats of con
centrated tea fol
lowed by a tinted
shellac.
S E P T E M B E R/ O C TO B E R 2 0 0 1
71
72
F I N E WOO DW0 RK J N G
W HY B OT H E R D RYI N G L U M B E R ?
Furniture from a flitch.
Kelly Mehler, a woodwork
er in Berea, Ky., made
this chest of drawers
from a single cherry log,
achieving a beautiful
continuity in the grain
pattern. Mehler often
has logs flitchsawn, air
dries them in his shop,
then stores the planks
in the order they came
off the log.
73
Stickers, at least
% i n . t h i c k a n d no
w i d e r than 1% i n .
2 0 in. to 24 i n . a part w i l l
. ' provide p l enty o f s u p port for
most woods.
S u p p o rt t i m bers
'. .
...
.'
Place one set of
stickers on the support
timbers before putting
on the first layer of
boards.
74
F I N E WOODWO R K I N G
E Q U I L I B R I U M M O I ST U R E C O N T E N T ( E M C )
EMC is the final m oisture content wood will achieve i n a given environment,
Add precision to
the process. Use a
hygrometer (right)
and an EMC chart
to find the relative
humidity and determine the EMC.
Then a mOIsture
meter (above)
can tell you when
your /umber
reaches that
EMC.
""......... I!!Gtt
...' c..g .
2.6
4.6
6.3
7.9
9.5
11.3
13.5
16 . 5
21.0
2.6
4.6
6.3
7.9
9.5
11.3
13.5
16.5
21.0
2.6
4.6
6.3
7.9
9.5
1 1. 3
13.4
16.4
20.9
2.5
4.6
6.2
7.8
9.4
11.1
13.3
16.2
20.7
2.5
4.5
6.2
7. 7
9.2
11.0
13.1
16.0
20.5
2.4
4.4
6.1
7.6
9.1
10.8
12.9
15.7
20.2
2.3
4.3
5.9
7.4
8.9
10.5
12.6
15.4
19.8
2.3
4.2
5.8
7.2
8.7
10 .3
12.3
15.1
19.5
try,
fUlth
When to stop
Moisture content is expressed as a percentage of the wood's oven
dry weight. A moisture content of 6% means that 6% of that board's
weight is water. Moisture content is what you monitor during dry
ing, but you should check it against the equilibrium moisture con
tent. The equilibrium moisture content for wood is a function of
the surrounding humidity and temperature. BaSically, when the
moisture in lumber reaches equilibrium with the air around it, the
wood is not going to get any drier in that location.
Photos, this page, Michael Pekovich
www
gy,
S E P T E M B E R/OCTO B E R 2 0 0 1
75
76
FINE WOODWORKING
TO R S I O N - B OX C O N ST R U CTI O N
Surprisi ngly few woodworkers ever consider th is method
of gluing u p skins to a l ightweight core, based on the
same princi ples of airpla ne-wing engineeri ng. Besides
C u rve is c u t
S crews tem p o r a r i l y
sec u re s k i n s to
frame.
---
s k i n s a re 'I.-i n .
t h i c k M D F.
C a rd bo a rd h o n eyco m b
core, 1 i n . t h i c k , is
l ightweight a n d strong.
5 in.
2 in.
SOURC E O F SUPPLY
'1.2-,
S E PTE M B E R/ 0 C T0 B E R 2 0 0 1
77
C UT TH E C O R E TO FIT TH E FRA M E
-------
78
GLUE U P TH E SKINS
\.8
It doesn't take a lot of pressure. The honeycomb core requires only about half of the clamping
pressure as that used for gluing up veneer.
S E PTEM B ER /0 CT0 BE R 2 0 0 1
79
C U T T H E C U R V E D S H A P E W I T H A S A M E - S I Z E T E M P L AT E
Make a curved pattern. To cut the curved
edges, make a template with the exact ra
dius required. Cut it with a router mounted
on a compass.
127 i n .
---+-
This tabletop's
curve is an arc
of a 127-i n . rad ius.
Clean up the
plate clamped in
place as a guide on
the tabletop, the
80
FINE WOODWORKING
A N AT O M Y O F T H E B A S E
Two pedestals are constructed of tapered plywood
panels that were veneered before being cut to size.
The panels are joined with compound m iters. An
apro n fra m e holds the two pedestals
together. A pair of plywood
subtops connects the
base to the
tabletop.
Plywood pedestal to p
screwed to a p ro n .
Torsion-box ta b l eto p , 48 i n .
w i d e b y 96 i n . l o n g, is 3 i n .
t h i c k a t t h e outs i d e edges.
A p ro n
Apron end piece is
biscu ited , glued a n d
screwed t o a p ro n
side p i eces.
Ta bletop
B u i lt-u p M D F
edgi ng
Pedestal to p
a n d s u btop
Two layers of 3.4-i n .-th i c k
M D F b u i l d u p the u n d erside
of the edge and hide the
s u bto p a n d pedestal to p .
3 in.
I
.ILT
U
U
8 in.
60 i n .
295,1.s i n .
30 i n .
Compound
m iters at
edges
or
-4
5 in.
\i;
26"As i n .
81
Build a Bowsaw
T h i s c l ass i c too l
sti l l h a s a p l a ce i n t h e s h o p
BY J. CRATE LARKIN
82
FINE WOODWORKING
this
f" st
tr
B egin by cutting
out two pieces of stock for the brackets.
They'll be cut to final shape on the band
saw, so make them a little wider and longer
than necessary.
Now transfer the bracket pattern (right)
to a piece of heavy paper cardboard. Cut
the pattern to shape with scissors, then
place it on the bracket stock and trace the
profile with a pencil.
It takes just a few minutes to cut out the
brackets on the bandsaw. Make the cut just
outside the scribed line, then sand the parts
to the line.
Give all sharp edges a good rounding
over with a spokeshave, then follow with a
file. Finish up by sanding each bracket up
to 220 grit.
With the rounding and sanding complet
ed, lay out the location of the single mor
tise in each bracket. Once the mortise
12 in.
or
s q u a re
'n
SE PTE M B E R/0CT0 BE R
in.
20 0 1
83
SOURCES
O F BOWSAW
BLADES
'14
Key,
in. thick
b y 2% i n . w i d e by
5% i n . l o n g
HIGHLAND HARDWARE
(800) 241-6748
12 in. long, 9 tpi,
part No. 05.11.02
GARR
ETT WADE
(800) 221-2942
7h
B ra c kets,
i n . thick
b y 1% i n . wide by
12 i n . l o n g
Stretcher,
i n . thick
by
in. w i d e
%6
Te n o n s ,
i n . t h i c k by
% i n . wide by
i n . long
H a n d l e , 1% i n . d i a .
by 6 i n . l o ng,
i n c l u d i ng s h a n k
---)
7h
Knob,
in. dia.
b y 3'h i n . l o ng,
including shank
Knob shank,
i n . d i a . by
i n . long
71%A6
Blade,
12 i n . l o n g
The bowsaw is a sim ple tool based on s o u n d mechan ics. Tu rning t h e key
twists the cord a n d p u l l s the top ends of the brackets together. The brac kets
'A6
pivot on the stretcher, spreading the bottom ends a p a rt and putting tension
H a n d l e s h a n k,
in.
d ia . b y 1 % i n . long
on the blade. And everyth ing stays together without a si ngle d rop of glue.
84
F I NE
\Xi 0 \Xi
00
0RK I NG
blade-It
MAKE TH E HAN D LE
to
Shape it on the lathe. Once a blank for the handle has been mounted in the lathe, it takes just a
few minutes to turn a profile that's both interesting and comfortable.
The key is
to
Woodsboro, Md.
S E P TE M B E R/ O C TO B E R
2001
85
! I
BY JEFF JEWITT
H ow m u c h t i m e do you n eed?
One of the reasons for
adding solvents is to control
the rate at which the finish
dries. This control is desir
able for any method of appli
cation. When spraying a ver
tical surface, too slow a
oo
86
F I N E WOODWO R K I N G
W AT E R - B A S E D
FI N I S H ES
Among the finishing fa m i l i es, the
evaporation rate of water-based
fin ishes is the most difficult to
adjust. They typically req u i re a
specific retarder, w hile p l a i n water
should only be added spari ngly.
THI N N E R
D RYI N G TIME
COMMENTS
or
Retarder (water,
glycol ethe r and
Medium
additives)
Water
Fast
!'
Photos, except where noted: Mark Schofield; this page (top): Erika Marks
A brushed finish
should go down
without leaving
lap marks. If you
have trouble keep
ing a wet edge be
cause the finish
dries too quickly,
which may happen
in warm, dry weath
er, add a small
amount of retarder
to a water-based
finish.
S E P T E M B E R / 0CT 0 B E R 2
001
87
THINNER
S H ELLAC
D RY I N G T I M E
S l ow
Medi u m/slow
COM MENTS
Medi u m/slow
Very fast
Shellac is compatible
with more than alcohol
Shellac is one of the oldest finishes in
woodworking. No other finish can match
the depth and clarity it brings to wood, but
its lack of durability makes it unsuitable for
surfaces subject to heavy use.
Shellac is available in dried flakes that are
dissolved in alcohol or in ready-to-use liq
uid form. For both premixed shellac and
shellac flakes, the best all-around thinner is
denatured alcobol.
As shellac is sprayed, the solvents evapo
rate, cooling tbe surface of tbe workpiece.
If the temperature falls below the dew
88
F I N E WOODWO R K I N G
THINNER
D RY I N G TIME
Kerosene
Slow
COMMENTS
Odorless
m ineral spirits
prod u ct is co m m o n l y ava i la b l e at a rt
su pply stores as we l l as h a rdwa re stores.
Acts a s a reta rd e r.
O I L- B A S E D F I N I S H E S
The petro l e u m i n d ustry has produced a la rge
range of solvents compatible with o i l-based
finishes. These range from sl ow-eva porati ng
kerosene to fast-eva porating ketone.
N o l o n ge r used m u c h in co m m erc i a l
f i n i s h i n g d u e t o t h e vari a b l e q u a l ity. T h e
P u re gum spirit
turpentine
Medium
Xylene
M e d i u m/fast
VM&P naphtha
Fast
Toluene
Fast
spirits.
1.
Acetone (ketone)
Fast
S E P T E M B E RIO CT0 B E R 2
00
89
THINNER
C O M M E NTS
D RYI N G T I M E
Lacq uer
retarder
LAC Q U E R
Most l a c q u e r t h i n n e r ava i l a b l e i n
Slow lacquer
thinner
Med i u m/slow
eva porati n g l a c q u e r t h i n n e r is at a n
a uto-fi n i s h i ng s u p p l y store. If i n d o u bt
by addi ng acetone.
Medium lacquer
thinner
Med i u m
Fast lacquer
thinner
90
FINE WOODWORKING
Fast
Acetone
Very fast
tex or vinyl gloves. Inevitably a particular solvent seems to eat through the glove
as if it wasn't there, resulting in chapped skin or even chemical burns.
Shown here are disposable and reusable gloves made of latex, nitrile, vinyl
and neoprene. Less important than what the glove is made of is to remember
that disposable gloves should be used only for splash protection, such as when
blending a finish or brushing one on. For more sustained contact, such as when
using a solvent to clean a spray gun or wiping on a finish, use heavy-duty gloves.
Unfortunately, no one glove is suitable for all solvents.
Specific information on how different glove materials stand up to various sol
as well as other manufacturers' sites.
When using solvents, many woodworkers protect their hands with disposable la
www
LATEX
Used primarily for mixing dye powders and
applying water-based dyes. The main ad
vantage of disposable latex gloves is their
flexibility and feel, which make them good
for doing detailed work. Neither type of
glove shown will stand up to oils or hydro
carbon derivatives (mineral spirits, naph
tha, paint thinner or kerosene).
NITRILE
Nitrile gloves offer protection from al
most any solvent a woodworker is likely
to use. The only exception is a solvent
that contains a ketone such as acetone.
The disposable version offers more pro
tection than the other two types of dis
posable gloves, but they are harder to
find and are more expensive.
VINYL
Okay for powdered dyes and dyes in a water so
lution. Disposable vinyl gloves are the cheapest
protection available, but they tear more easily
than disposable latex ones. Avoid contact with
ketones and aromatic solvents. The thicker
gloves offer good protection but at the expense
of a clumsy feel.
NEOPRENE
This is another excellent choice for regular
contact with most solvents, except lacquer
thinner, where nitrile is a better choice.
Current Work provides design inspiration by showcasing the work of our readers. For more details
and an entry form, visit our web site: www.finewoodworking.com. Send photos and entry forms to
Current Work, Fine Woodworking, 63 S. Main St., Newtown, CT 06470.
Jeff Grainger
Grai nger bu i lt this Honduras ma
hogany floor lamp (22 i n . deep by
B EST O F S H OW
James Betts
This reproduction Goddard-Townsend block-front secretary (24 i n .
deep b y 40 i n . w i d e b y 9 6 i n . t a l l ) won Best o f Show from Fine
Woodworking at this year's Design i n Wood competition at San
Diego's Del Mar Fair. The piece, made of Honduras mahogany and
maple with a shellac and wax finish, took Betts approximately
three years to complete. See the back cover and www.tinewood
working.com for more winning entries. Photo: Lyn n Rybarczyk and
Ed Suszynski, cou rtesy of San Diego Fine Woodworkers Association
92
FINE WOODWORKING
A. Scott MacFarlane
Doug Chamblin
W h i l e assisting Jere Osgood last s u m m e r at
the Penland School, Chamblin built this bent
l a minated desk. Made of ash and narra, the
desk (29 i n . deep by 44 i n . wide by 35 i n . tall)
is finished with shellac and wax. The chair,
made of the same materials, features a woven
Danish cord seat. The chai r's design was copied
from a metal fol di ng chair that Chamblin saw
o n a porch. Photo by Seth Tice-Lewis
S E PTEM B ER/0CT0 B
E R 2001
93
Seth Rolland
Ashton Waters
This pencil-post bed (65 i n .
w i d e b y 8 5 i n . d e e p b y 8 2 in.
tall), du bbed b y Waters as
"Fu ll Moon Risi ng," is con
structed mostly of curly
cherry. Its origins are Shaker
in design, but a few added
touches give the piece a
cosmic feel. The 18-i n.-dia.
disc on the headboard is
made of curly ambrosia
m a ple, and each of the four
maple finials is ringed with
blue glass li ke the rings of
Saturn. The bed's finish is
natural-colored Watco oil.
94
FINE WOODWORKING
Roger Heitzman
Trevor Corp
" Furniture should not o n ly speak
about its function," sai d Corp,
"but should also provide the au
dience with a desire to feel a nd
explore its su rfaces." Corp
builds one-of-a-kind furniture us
ing traditional hand tools out of
his partially converted barn i n
Jefferson, Maine. This cabinet
(5';.. in. deep by 16 in. wide by
28% in. tall) is made of bird 's
eye maple and has an oil finish.
3.
200400).
4.
5.
6.
SE PTEM B E R/0CT0 B E R 2 0 0 1
95
9vtaliogany J-{i[ [C
seconds - guaranteed.
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FlipstopTM fence gage has hairline pOinter for
extreme accuracy, lever action, Lexan view plate,
heavy steel construction.
00
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42"
38302
1800-699-3965
The only system that is truly accurate and sets up on any terrain in 60
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Supplier of tlie worfd'sfinest maliogany
andotlier e:x:.o tic liardwoodsfrom
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Fits all miter saws up to 1 5;' perfect for all slide compound saws.
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New increased maximum depth
New extra-flat anti-slip pads
New stop square for vertical work
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E-Mai l : lamello @ csaw.com
Garrett Wade
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Great Website
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or call us at 800-221-2942
READER SERVICE NO.
MAO SHAN is
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E-mail: maoshan@ms15.hinet.net
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ER SERVICE NO. 99
READ
96
FINE WOODWORKING
ER SERVICE NO.
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OD.
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FEATURES: 9" 66" table 8" cuttingwidth 1/2" max. cutting depth
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ER SERVICE NO.
78
S E P TE M B E R/ O C TO B E R 2 0 0 1
99
Rules of Thumb
BY
LON SCHLEINING
M A K I N G A C U S T O M S C R A P E R F O R A C O M P L EX M O L D I N G
100
FINE
WOODWO R K I NG
Photos, except where noted: Erika Marks; this page (lop): Asa Christiana
Video available.
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SEPTEMB ER/OCTO B E R 2 0 0 1
101
R u I f T hum h
eS 0
(cont i n ued)
D R I L L I N G A N D TA P P I N G C A S T I R O N
Use a center punch, the right drill
size and some 'ight oi'. The hard
ened tip of the punch leaves a small
indentation to guide the drill. Apply a
lot of pressure when drilling metal,
but take breaks to let the bit cool.
When cutting threads, in this case
to bolt a power feeder onto a tablesaw,
back out the tap frequently to clear
the chips.
it won't bang against other metal tools. While you're at it, either
make or buy a handle for the file. It's all too common to hear about
someone sticking the bare tang of the file into their hand.
Smaller files come in handy for removing rough edges, such as
when tuning up a handplane. You can smooth the frog and flatten
the edge of the chipbreaker and file the throat opening smooth.
Use firm pressu re when d r i l l ing meta l
Twist drills, which are made for metalworking, also work fine in
wood, but brad-point drills don't work in metal. All you need to
remember with twist drills is first to indent the center point of your
intended hole with a center punch. Give the punch a solid rap with
a ball-peen hammer to make an indentation in the metal. This
makes a small crater so the drill won't wander as it starts.
Drilling holes in steel requires a fair amount of pressure; a drill
press is your best bet. If the bit spins without cutting, heat will
build up quickly and dull the bit. When in doubt, apply more pres
sure rather than less. Just as with wood, the larger the drill bit, the
slower the speed. As the drill breaks through the other side, the bit
will grab the metal part and try to spin it out of your hands. Clamp
the piece before you begin, to avoid this hazard.
illin
With metal files you can shape, sharpen and true scraper edges. A
scraper can be made to just about any contour (see the photos on
p. 100). A custom scraper like this will remove tool marks from a
molding without dubbing over the edges the way sandpaper does.
A single-cut metalworking file, called a mill file, is perfect to have
around. Chances are the old file you have rattling around in your
tool box is dull. Get a new one. Keep the new one in a place where
102
FINE WOODWORKING
If you have a fixture that must come on and off the table frequent
ly, tapped holes will save you from having to reach under the table
to access nuts. Threads also can be tapped in hardwoods, too,
when building jigs, for example.
It's very easy to tap threads in the holes you just drilled in the
tabletop. But it's important to use the correct drill size. There are
charts for these sizes. Some are in-between sizes denoted by let
ters, not fractions. I recommend using individually packaged drill
and tap sets. Three thread sizes will handle almost every situation:
-20, '}]6-13 and %-13.
Use some kind of light oil to lubricate the hole and the tap; the
threads will cut much more smoothly. Also, use a tap wrench. It
will hold the tap securely, give you just the right amount of lever
age and help you keep the tap square. To get the tap started, it
takes a bit of downward force as you twist, about as much force as
it took to drill the hole. Once it's started, the tap will thread itself.
As you rotate the tap, chips will build up inside the hole, and the
tap will get harder and harder to turn. Back out the tap enough to
clear the chips, then continue.
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READER SERVICE
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S E PTEM B ERjOCTOB E R 2001
103
104
FINE WOODW0RKING
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S E P TE M B E R / 0 CT0 B E R 2 0 0 1
105
Q &A
C l a m p i ng a ro u n d c u rves
I recently had to glue up several curved
sections of a custom stair rail with
dowels. I could not come up with an easy
way to clamp the pieces together without
using pocket screws. Is there a better
way?
-John C. Hare, Corner Brook,
Newfoundland, Canada
C L A M P I N G A C U RV E D
H A N D R A I L: F O U R OPTIONS
Dowels take care of a l ignment, so
the next c h a l l enge is to create
adequate c l a m p i n g p ressure on
each j O i nt. The fi rst two methods
req u i re less work before assembly
but some smoot h i n g o r s h a p i n g
afterward. T h e t h i rd method is t h e
easiest, b u t s l i ppage c a n be a
problem. G l u e s a n d paper to the
u n derside of the plywood p i eces
for greater h o l d i n g power. The
fou rth method-c l a m p i n g cauls
sha ped to fit the c u rved
workpi ece-re q u i res a lot of work
before h a n d , but cauls a l l ow the
most c l a m p i n g pressure and come
off i n stantly after gl ue-u p .
1. Clamping
blocks glued on
2 . Flats left
for c l a m p i ng
The
LV202GF glue is technically a filled PYA
glue. This filler is an inert additive, not an
adhesive additive, meaning it doesn't
make the glue stronger but just adds bulk
so there will be more solids in the bond
line when the glue hardens. That's why
it's sold as a gap-filling glue.
However, as far as the strength of a
LV202GF bond goes, if anything it might
be weaker than a regular PYA glue bond.
The reason why is that the more inert
solids you add to a PYA glue, the lower
the percentage of adhesive solids (PVA
resins) you end up with in the cured
bond line.
In general, LV202GF is a good-quality
glue, but I wouldn't use it (or any PYA for
William Tandy Young replies:
3. Plywood with
c l a m p i ng block
4. C l a m p i n g ca u l
106
FINE WOODWORKING
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S E P T E M B E R / O C TO B E R 2 0 0 1
107
&A
(conti n ued)
fill
that matter) to
serious gaps i n joints.
PYAs contain between 40% and 55%
water, which evacuates as the glue dries.
With the loss of the water, the glue
shrinks in volume as it cures. To fill gaps
with true structural strength, use an
epoxy, which experiences little or no
volume loss as it cures.
The claim in the Lee Valley catalog that
the glue doesn't soak into the wood
surface is also confusing to some
woodworkers, so I'm glad to have a
chance to elaborate on it here. The glue
certainly does enter the wood pores,
wetting the wood like any PYA glue does.
What I think the Lee Valley people are
trying to say is that the LV202GF squeeze
out doesn't soak into the wood
surrounding a joint as deeply as regular
PYA, because the LV202GF glue is thicker
and has a higher surface tension.
[William Tandy Young is a woodworker
and adhesive consultant in Stow, Mass.)
1.
JOINT THE EDGE Keep the file level and follow the curve. Use a round file for the con
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of
108
FINE WOODWORKING
2.
HONE THE EDGE Again, keep the stone square to the scraper. A rounded stone is nec
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&A
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TH E TWO FACTO RS B EH I N D TI G HT G RA I N
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A tight-grained sample of lodgepole
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Fl
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1431
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SEPTEM B ER/OCTOB E R 2 0 0 1
111
&A
(conti nued)
112
FINE WOODWORKING
CT
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S E P TE M B E R/ O C T O B E R
2001
113
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M aster C l as s
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F I N E WOODWORKI N G
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S E P T E M B E R/OCTO B E R
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117
Mas t er e I ass
(conti n ued)
A S I M P L E PATT E R N C R E AT E S A N E L E G A N T E F F E C T
Choose straight-gra i ned stock. Ornamental
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Va l l ey
>
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I 1 I I 3 I 4 I I 6 I I I 1 10 1 11 1 12 1 13 1 14 1 15 1 16 1 17 I
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FINE WOODWORKING
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TX
Our Index
Is
Online!
Now
SE
I'
T E M B E R/ 0 C TO B E R 2 0 0 1
127
INDEX
Reader
Service
No.
TO
ADVERTISER, page
Reader
Service
No.
6412
11206 &
8911
p.
111802566 &
III
5 p.
1116 p. p.
167376
p.
695
p.
13
p.
174
p.
71743 p. I p.
1481
99
21
p.
157786
p.
6
1830
1127542
p. J
11771
p.
p.
51
13945
114676
2121982
124p.
6
220126
p.
p.
6852
p.
13801
p.
971 p. p.&
p.
American C
Apollo Spray, p. 23
113
125
Groff
121
125
122
Cabinetparts.com,
Hida Tool
CabParts,
Furniture, p.
Burak, p. 101
31
13
Ituml Design, p. 31
Craftsmen, p. 124
Deft, Inc., p. 41
Delta Machinery, p. 2
DeWalt, p. 32
126
Dimitrios Klitsas, p.
Eagle America,
121
Eagle Tools/EuroShop,
Eagle Woodworking,
101
126
Engr:tving Arts,
126
131
Festool,
128
FINE
27
Katana Bits,
125
122
Japan Woodworker, p. 99
Jointech, p. 1 1 1
124
Jet Equipment, p. 14
Country Accents,
121
Homestead Heritage ,
Cohasset Colonials,
Hardware, p. 103
Highland Hardware, p. 38
38
114
WOODWO H K I NG
Son, p. 121
Keller
Company,
17
122
Kremer Pigments,
Enterprises, inc.,
1 13
Laguna Tools, p.
27
Laguna Tools,
L1unstein Hardwoods, p. 13
Lee Valley/Veritas, p. 23
Legacy Woodworking,
121
115
Leigh Industries,
LeNeave Machinery
Supply ,
40
lJbrawood,
123
LieNielsen Toolworks, p. 1 1 7
MEG Products,
M.
122
Condon Lumber,
Mahogany Hill,
113
96
Reader
Service
No.
Tools,
ADVERTISER, page
# 126
1 73
2
p.
p.
2008
IJ
2
p.
9810394
96
137
p.
p.
11556
p. 21
JJ
11185587
11443
p.
p.
1243531 p. p. p.
20797 p. 96 p.
112600710
56
p.
12411800 W.
II
19226
p.
19738
p.
p.
54 & p.
p. III
p.
3095
2
p.
III
p.
1637089
p.
Talarico Hardwoods, p.
121
Target Coatings,
1 15
125
Taumon.com, p. 98
Martin Woodworking
Machines, p.
TechWood, p. 125
124
Products, Inc.,
Thewindsorinstitute.com, p . 123
Microplane, p . 107
Tooicenter.com, p. 124
122
Misugi Designs,
Toolcrib.Amazon.com,
Mule Cabinetmaker
Tooicrib.Amazon.com, p. 40
Toolcrlb.
Museum of Woodworking
#p.
Am
azon.com, p.
Tooicrib.Amazon.com, p. 1 1 7
Tools, p. 122
Toolmarts.com, p . 115
40
ADVERTISER, page
Machine, p. 101
Gross Stabil, p. 1 7
Gorilla Glue, p. 3 1
120165
128
29
350
19
16634
Gougeon Brothers, p .
121
Berea Hardwoods,
Bauhaus Apprenticeship
Institute,
124
117
GRS Tools, p. 3 7
Furniture,
Frank's Cane
124
Crafts Hardware ,
190
1239834 & p.
11808246
p.
12169
37820 & 126
217
59
21
163892
12645 &
114487
p.
94
142
P.96
189
18170
p.
18273
115641 & p.
1230391 & p. 115
151
p.
22 434 Lilli p. 9 p.
22 56
210032
184
p.
p.
&
p.
11095896 p.
19232 L. p. p.
1998
p.
Fuji Industrial Spray Equip. ,
Arts
Am
erica, p. 122
Allred
ADVERTISER, page
Reader
Service
No.
Airwarc
ADVERTISERS
20453
14
192602
143
1694
12105120
11052
162
33886
12527
1
13752
73
11452391
21174189
4185037
111997576
87
Noah's,
19
Tools On Sale,
122
Tracrac Inc., p. 1 7
Northwest Timber, p. 3
Turbinaire,
Turnings Unlimited,
122
123
VacUClamp,
23
Virutex.com, p. 35
123
Moore Profiles, p. 13
PorterCable, p.
PorterCable, p. 119
Powermatic, p. 37
Productive Workspace,
123
Productive Workspace,
125
121
Purdys [LC,
Williams
41
Hussey,
QuickTenon,
21
Reproduction Hardware,
121
122
Ringmaster Tool,
WoodMizer, p. 101
Inc., p. 125
p.
Woodpeckers, Inc., p. 13
Rockingham Communjty
College,
123
Rousseau Company,
p.
p.
Sawhelper, P. 96
Scherr's Cabinet
&
III
Doors,
21
p.
122
p.
Specialtytools.com, p. 12 1
p.
121
S'Ulhill Machinery, p. 38
SWlhiU Machinery, p. 109
SystemOne, p. 125
125
17759
13261
2411459
20
113321
67
10
71
p.
p.
35
Woodworkers Depot,
109
Woodbooks, p. 126
Woodworker's Hardware, p. 27
Woodworkers Source, p. 121
Woodworker's Supply, p. 7
Woodworking Plans, jJ. 121
Woodworking Plans, p. 123
p.
123
Yankee Hardwood
Specialties, p. 125
YestemlOrrow, p. 35
F inis h Line
BY A N DY C H A R R O N
R u b b i n g o ut wate r- based fi n i s h es
I'm a fan of water-based finishes, but I know many fellow wood
workers who are a good deal less enthusiastic about them. We all
appreciate the safety factors associated with water-based finishes,
including a low level of volatile compounds, the minimal risk of
an explosion when spraying them and the easy cleanup with soap
and water. However, many woodworkers find these virtues out
weighed by the difficulty in obtaining an appearance that matches
that of solvent-based finishes.
Many problems with water-based finishes stem from the final
rubbing-out process. If you use the same methods as you do for a
solvent-based finish, you may run into a few problems. If you fol
low the methods I describe here, you will achieve a satin or a gloss
finish you can be proud of.
Applying and d rying the last coat
How you apply the final coat will determine your workload when
rubbing out the finish. I like to apply a slightly thicker last coat to
lessen the chances of rubbing through and creating witness rings.
If I am spraying a vertical surface, I apply a relatively thin coat, wait
a few minutes and then spray another thin coat. The two coats
bond together to form one thick film tl1at will dry properly.
Before rubbing out the final coat, you must be sure the finish is
not only dry to the touch but also fully cured. The longer you wait,
the better: I wait a minimum of two to three days before doing any
rubbing out, but when I want a highly polished gloss finish, I wait
at least a week and sometimes even longer.
A fully cured finish should be easy to sand and will create a fine
white powder almost immediately. On a finish that has not fully
cured, the surface will begin to streak and may become gummy. If
the paper clogs up with little bits of finish or the surface appears to
be streaking, let the finish cure for a few more days, then rub out
the areas that are streaked. If you've damaged the final coat, you
have to scuff the entire surface and apply another topcoat.
Ach ievi ng a satin finish
S T E E L W O O L F O R A S AT I N L U S T E R
"'l"\..'
' \"""
. ''' --.. . ., . ,' .
'. f'.",.'
1. ACROSS THE G RA I N
2. DIAGONALLY
3 . I N S MALL CI RCLES
Rub in all directions. Work perpendicu
lar to the grain, then at a 45 angle in both
directions, then in small circles and, final
ly, with the grain. The surface will change
SEPTEM
BE
R /0 C TO B E R 2 0 0 1
129
Fi n ish Lin
(conti nued)
TH R E E STE PS TO A G LO S S S H E E N
130
FINE WOODWORKING
Photos: Schofield
Mark