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ABSTRACT
This experimental work exhibits the exhaust gas
emission levels and performance test on a four stroke petrol
engine by using petrol and n- butanol blends. A gasoline
powered engine without any modifications was used in this
experiment. The fuel for the engine is supplied using the
conventional carburetor system. The emission levels are
measured for gasoline-butanol blends at different
proportion. Emissions are recorded for butanol from 10%
to 25% in steps of 5. Increasing load conditions was
applied and their results were tabulated. Emission of
various pollutants (HC, CO) where reduced and the overall
efficiency is increased compared to petrol.
PROPERTIES OF BUTANOL
Regarding the automotive use of butanol, a
nonfood-based biofuel is cost-competitive. With
respect to gasoline, n-butanol (or biobutanol) has a
number of advantages over other common alcohol
fuels such as ethanol and methanol. Butanol is far
less hygroscopic than other alternative fuels. Lower
alcohols (Ethanol, Methanol, and Propanol) are fully
miscible with water, whereas butanol has only
modest water solubility. Butanol is less corrosive
than ethanol, can be transported in existing pipelines
and is much safer to work with than lower alcohols
based on its relatively high boiling point and
flashpoint. In comparison with ethanol, the adding of
butanol to conventional hydrocarbon fuels for use in
a spark-ignition engine can increase fuel octane
rating and power for a given engine displacement and
compression ratio, thereby reducing fossil fuel
consumption and emissions. This research activity
demonstrated that the concentrations of 10% to 25%
butanol in gasoline to run the engine at a leaner
mixture than gasoline for a fixed performance. The
blends increased the NOx emissions to a level higher
I.
INTRODUCTION
Road transport accounts worldwide, motor
vehicles currently emit well over 900 million metric
tons of CO each year. These emissions account for
more than 15% of global fossil fuel CO releases
emissions of carbon dioxide which is the major
contributor to global warming. Rising fuel prices and
increased oil consumption along with the lack of
sustainability of oil-based fuels have generated an
interest in alternative, a renewable source of fuel. In
the current scenario of growing demand for
petroleum fuels and highly volatile crude prices it is
imperative to find an alternative renewable fuel
particularly for transportation purpose. A deep survey
is done to produce more environmentally friendly
fuels to combat greenhouse gas emissions produced
from petroleum. Scientists have turned to biofuels as
an effective alternative to fossil fuels. Until now,
ethanol has been the primary biofuel, because it is
economically favorable to produce and easy to
manufacture. It is also a renewable fuel that is made
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GASOLINE
Chemical
C4H9OH
formula
Density
810
( kg/m3 )
Calorific
33.07
value
( KJ/Kg )
Mixed Octane number
RON
94
MON
80-81
Boiling
118
temperature
( )
Specific
0.43
Energy
(MJ/Kg air )
C2H5OH
C4-C12
800
736
29.70
44.42
106-130
89-103
78
95
85
25-215
0.92
0.36
Heat of
0.43
vaporization
( MJ/kg )
0.92
0.36
Self-Ignition 343
Temperature
( )
420
V.
300
III.
EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
As per the objective of this project regarding
reduced emission and performance modification in an
conventional four stroke spark ignition engine the
specification and standards the engine tabulated in
table.2.
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EXPERIMENTAL ARRANGEMENT
VI.
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VII.
PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
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VIII.
REFERENCES
IX.
CONCLUSION
An experimental study was carried over a
four stroke SI engine using AVL DIGAS (gas
analyzer), along with a Data acquisition system
through electrical loading setup. Cold start emission
readings were noted in a no-load condition, followed
by the performance test. Both the performance and
emission test were conducted under load and no load
condition on it using gasoline-butanol blend at
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