Progress In Electromagnetics Research Symposium Proceedings, Moscow, Russia, Aug

ust 19{23, 2012 1575

A Method of PCI Planning in LTE Based on Genetic Algorithm
Hao Sun, Nan Li, Yanlei Chen, Jiangbo Dong, Na Liu, Yunbo Han, and Wei Liu
China Mobile Design Institute, Beijing, China
Abstract| Physical Cell ID (PCI) planning is one of the most important steps in
whole Long
Term Evolution (LTE) network planning and construction. It is dicult to improve t
he QoS of
Network by some traditional methods, such as antenna adjustment in LTE system. A
ssigning
PCI reasonably is able to decrease interference and increase operation rate and
performance of
the network. A PCI planning system is presented in this paper. This system would
analyze the
interference of LTE system and build up an interference matrix. Then this system
would use
genetic algorithm to adjust the distribution of PIC to minimize the interference
. Finally a PCI
plan scheme would be given by this system.
1. INTRODUCTION
Physical Cell ID (PCI) is one of the most important cell's identier in the wirele
ss network of LTE
system. Therefore, PCI planning is one of the most important steps in LTE networ
k planning and
construction. To assign and use PCI reasonably could reduce interference and inc
rease resource
utilization and QoS of the LTE system. PCI in LTE only has 168 groups, 504 in to
tal [1], which is
not enough for needs of LTE commercial networks.
The main idea of genetic algorithms is that adaptable individuals in the group h
ave more chance
to hybrid in order to inherit good characteristics. In this way, the group as a
whole could adapt
to the environment. Genetic algorithm starts with a problem which could have pot
ential results.
Then, based on the principle of survival of the ttest, the problem would get the
best approximate
solution by the evolution of each generation. In each generation, the most adapt
able individuals
are picked to produce new population presenting new by combination, crossover an
d mutation with
the genetic operators. This procedure would lead to evolution of the population
to much more
adaptable as in the nature. The best individual though decoding in the latest po
pulation could
seem as the best approximate solution of the problem [2].
LTE network needs not only well Reference Signal Receive Power (RSRP), but also
high Signal
to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR). If PCI could not be planned well, it wi
ll cause high
interruption of Reference Signal (RS). Then this situation would cause black hol
e of signal coverage.
A method of PCI planning based on genetic algorithm is presented in this paper t
o assign PCI
reasonably for LTE networks. This method could improve the PCI plan result to in
crease the QoS
of LTE network.
2. PRINCIPLES
The theoretical basis of genetic algorithm is schema theorem and building block

assumptions. The
basic follow of genetic algorithm is shown as Figure 1 [3].
Schema theorem has the character of low order, short length and average tness of
the mode
of degree higher than the population means tness in the ospring. A schema could co
ntain many
strings, and dierent strings could link to each other through schema. The string
operator in the
genetic algorithm is essentially a mode of operation.
Statistics researches show that to obtain optimal feasible solution in random se
arch should make
sure that the sample of better feasible solutions must grow exponentially.
2.1. Mathematical Modeling
There are two ways of string and binary encoding in genetic algorithm. Binary en
coding method is
used in this paper. The result of this problem is presented by an n m two-dimensi
onal matrix F.
Figure 2 shows that dierent antenna numbers in LTE system would get dierent matrix
F. Every
element in this matrix is presented as fij , which the value is 1 or 0. When PCI
j is assigned to cell
i; fij = 1, otherwise fij = 0. In order to satisfy the demand vector, we need to
make
mP
j=1
fij = di,
which di is cell i's PCI demand, n is number of cell, m is the number of usable
frequency [4].