SEKOLAH MENENGAH KEBANGSAAN abdul rahman talib

JALAN ALOR AKAR

25250 KUANTAN, PAHANG DARUL MAKMUR

KERJA PROJEK MATEMATIK

TAMBAHAN
2014
APPLICATION OF INDEX NUMBER AND STATISTICS
NAMA:
Nur Hannah bt muhamad sapiee
NO. I/C:
981103-06-5722
KELAS:
5 SAins bestari
NAMA GURU:
Puan Nor hasliza bt omar

CONTENT
CONTENT
OBJECTIVE
FOREWARD
INTRODUCTION
PART 1
PART 2
PART 3
FURTHER EXPLORATION
CONCLUSION
REFLECTION

PAGES

OBJECTIVES
We students taking Additional Mathematics are required to carry out a project work while we
are in Form 5. This year the Curriculum Development Division, Ministry of Education has
prepared four tasks for us. We are to choose and complete only ONE task based on our area
of interest. This project can be done in groups or individually, but each of us are expected to
submit an individually written report. Upon completion of the Additional Mathematics
Project Work, we are to gain valuable experiences and able to:

Apply and adapt a variety of problem solving strategies to solve routine and nonroutine problems;
Experience classroom environments which are challenging, interesting and
meaningful and hence improve their thinking skills
Experience classroom environments where knowledge and skills are applied in
meaningful ways in solving real-life problems
Experience classroom environments where expressing ones mathematical thinking,
reasoning and communication are highly encouraged and expected
Experience classroom environments that stimulates and enhances effective learning.
Acquire effective mathematical communication through oral and writing, and to use
the language of mathematics to express mathematical ideas correctly and precisely
Enhance acquisition of mathematical knowledge and skills through problem-solving
in ways that increase interest and confidence.
Prepare ourselves for the demand of our future undertakings and in workplace
Realize that mathematics is an important and powerful tool in solving real-life
problems and hence develop positive attitude towards mathematics.
Train ourselves not only to be independent learners but also to collaborate, to
cooperate, and to share knowledge in an engaging and healthy environment
Use technology especially the ICT appropriately and effectively
Train ourselves to appreciate the intrinsic values of mathematics and to become more
creative and innovative
Realize the importance and the beauty of mathematics

FOREWARD
First of all, I would like to say Alhamdulillah, for giving me the strength and health
to do this project work. Not forgotten my parents for providing everything, such as money, to
buy anything that are related to this project work and their advice, which is the most needed
for this project. Internet, books, computers, and etc. They also supported me and encouraged
me to complete this task so that I will not procrastinate in doing it. Then I would like to thank
my teacher, Puan Nor Hasliza bt Omar for guiding me and my friends throughout this project.
We had some difficulties in doing this task, but she taught us patiently until we knew what to
do. She tried and tried to teach us until we understand what we supposed to do with the
project work. Last but not least, my friends who were doing this project with me and sharing
our ideas. They were helpful that when we combined and discussed together, we had this task
done.

INTRODUCTION
HISTORY OF STATISTIC
By the 18th century, the term statistics designated the systematic collection of
demographic and economic data by states. In the early 19th century, the meaning of
statistics broadened, then including the discipline concerned with the collection, summary,
and analysis of data. Today statistics is widely employed in government, business and all the
sciences.
Electronic computers have expedited statistical computation , and have allowed
statisticians to develop computer-intensive methods. The term mathematical statistics
designates the mathematical theories of probability and statistical inference, which are used
in statistical practice. The relation between statistics and probability theory developed rather
late, however. In the 19th century, statistics increasingly used probability theory, whose initial
results were found in the 17th and 18th centuries, particularly in the analysis of games of
chance(gambling). By 1800, astronomy used probability models and statistical theories,
particularly the method of least squares, which was invented by Legendre and Gauss/
Early probability theory and statistics was systematized and ectended by Laplace;
following Laplace, probability and statistics have been in continual development. In the 19th
century, social scientist used statistical reasoning and probability models to advance the new
sciences of experimental psychology and sociology; physical scientists used statistical
reasoning and probability models to advance the new sciences of thermodynamics and
statistical mechanics. The development of statistical reasoning was closely associated with
the development of inductive logic and the scientific method.
Statistics is not a field of mathematics but an autonomous mathematical science, like
computer science or operations research. Unlike mathematics, statistics had its origins in
public administration and maintains a special concern with demography and economics.
Being concerned with the scientific method and inductive logic, statistical theory has close
association with the philosophy of science; with its emphasis on learning from data and
making best predictions, statistics has great overlap with the decision science and
microeconomics. With its concerns with data, statistics has overlap with information science
and computer science