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PHARMACOLOGY
1.1 BASIC PRINCIPLES of PHARMACOLOGY
C. Maximal efficacy
D. Affordability
Phase I reactions of biotransformation includes the ff except
A. Oxidation
B. Reduction
C. Methylation
D. Hydrolysis
What type of chemical bond is usually quite weak and are probably
important in the interactions of highly lipid soluble drugs with the
lipids of cell membrane?
A. Covalent
B. Electrostatic
C. Hydrophobic
D. Lipophilic
How do you call the amount of drug that enters the body depends
on the patient's adherence to the prescribed regimen and on the
rate and extent of transfer from the site of administration to the
blood?
A. Absorption
B. Distribution
C. Excretion
D. Metabolism
Type of clearance that varies depending on the concentration of the
drug that is achieved.
A. Capacity limited
B. Flow dependent elimination
C. Michaelis Menten elimination
D. Both A & C
What phase of reaction involves the non-microsomal enzymes?
A. Phase I
B. Phase II
C. Phase III
D. Phase IV
The dose that kills approximately 50% of the animals
A. No effect dose
B. Minimum lethal dose
C. Maximum lethal dose
D. Median lethal dose (LD50)
The study of the genetic variations that causes differences in drug
response among individuals and population
A. Pharmacogenetics
B. Pharmacology
C. Pharmacodynamics
D. Pharmacokinetics
These are the drugs that binds to receptors but do not activate
generation of signal
A. Agonist
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B. Antagonist
C. Enzymes
D. Receptor
Down regulation of a receptor is brought about by prolonged
exposure to
A. Agonist
B. Antagonist
C. Mixed antagonist
D. AOTA
Fraction of the administered dose of a drug that reaches the
systemic circulation
A. Clearance
B. Volume of distribution
C. Bioavailability
D. Half life
Most efficient route of administration is
A. Intravenous
B. Intramuscular
C. Oral
D. Rectal
What is Phase II reaction?
A. Functionalization of reaction (Oxidation, Reduction,
Hydrolysis)
B. Synthesis of inactive or active polar metabolites
C. Excretion of metabolites
Drug causing alkaline phosphate and bilirubin (Obstructive
pattern)
A. Chlorpromazine
B. Erythromycin
C. Both
D. NOTA
Fluid volume that would be required to contain the amount of drug
present in the body at the same concentration as in plasma
A. Volume of distribution
B. Clearance
C. Bioavailability
D. First pass effect
A dose that proves lethal to 50% of a given population
A. LD50
B. Median lethal dose
C. Both
D. NOTA
Intrinsic ability of the body to remove drug from the plasma
A. Clearance
B. Volume of distribution
C. First pass effect
Pharmacology
Pharmacology
The fraction of the drug that reaches the systemic circulation. Bioavailability
The time required to change the amount of drug in the body by one
half during elimination - Half life
Relates to the amount of drug in the body to the concentration of
drug in blood or plasma - Volume of distribution
Fraction of unchanged drug reaching the systemic circulation
following administration by any route - Bioavailability
Concentration or dose of a drug required to produce 50% of drug's
maximal effect - Potency
The smallest dose that is observed to kill any experimental animal Minimal lethal dose
A measure of drug activity expressed in terms of the amount
required to produce an effect of given intensity - Potency
The dose at which 50% of individual exhibit specified quantal effect
- Median effective dose (ED50)
The rate of elimination is directly proportional to the drug
concentration - First order (exponential) kinetics
This is the ratio of the TD50 to the ED50 - Therapeutic index
Dose required to kill half the members of the specified population Median lethal dose
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