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In the socio-cultural theory of Lev Vygotsky, the theory emphasizes that "Every function in the
child's cultural development appears twice: first, on the social level, and later, on the individual
level; first, between people (interpsychological) and then inside the child (intrapsychological).
This applies equally to voluntary attention, to logical memory, and to the formation of concepts.
All the higher functions originate as actual relationships between individuals."
According to Vygotsky, children are born with basic biological constraints on their minds. Each
culture, however, provides what he referred to as 'tools of intellectual adaptation.' These tools
allow children to use their basic mental abilities in a way that is adaptive to the culture in which
they live.
In the case of the Badjaos a lot of parts of their explanations based on the interviews are their
childhood learnings. It means that their childhood had a strong impact on their learnings and all
about their culture. It explains everything. The socio cultural theory really hits and is very crucial
in the research for the cultures, beliefs, traditions and lifestyles of Badjao people.
"Vygotsky claimed that human cognition, even when carried out in isolation, is inherently
sociocultural because it is affected by the beliefs, values, and tools of intellectual adaptation
passed to individuals by their culture. And because these values and intellectual tools may vary
dramatically from culture to culture, Vygotsky believed that neither the course nor the content of
intellectual
(Shaffer, 2009)
growth
was
as
"universal"
as
Piaget
had
assumed."
Thats why we wonder why badjao people still evolve on their culture but the answer lies based
on the socio cultural theory. That since birth they are to adapt from their parents and its a chain
of reference and adaptability.