Introduction:

Agriculture plays an important role directly and indirectly in generating economic growth. It
provides food to consumers and fibers for domestic industry. It is a source of scarce foreign
exchange earnings and provides market for industrial goods.
Agriculture has strong backward and forward linkages with industry as it is the largest
purchaser of farm inputs such as chemicals, fertilizers and machinery and supplies raw material
to textile and food processing industry.
A major part of the Pakistans economy depends on farming through production, processing and
distribution of major agricultural commodities. About 65% of population of Pakistan live in
villages and is dependent on agriculture formally or informally. It employs about 45% of the
labor force and contributes 57% in total export earnings. It accounts for more than 22% of the
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and provides raw material to major industries such as textile
and sugar etc. At the time of independence, agriculture sector contributed 53% of GDP which
has gradually declined over years.
Agriculture sector is still the largest single contributor to GDP and it will continue to absorb
major labor contingent, provide food to people and raw material to industry.
Therefore, efficient make use of agricultural resources of the country is critically important for
sustainable development and meeting the basic needs of the fast growing population. Our
country is quite rich in natural resources favorable for agricultural production. It has large areas
of deep soils, favorable topography, suitable climatic conditions and water.
The country has a geographical area of 79.61 million hectares out of which 57.05 million
hectares are reported with 22.17 million hectares as cultivated area which is about 39%. There is
about 8.25 million hectares as culture-able waste which could be brought under cultivation by
make use of available water resources, improved water management, building additional surface
storage and introduction of better adapted crops/varieties and livestock. In our country 90% of
cultivated area is irrigated with canals, tube wells etc. while remaining 20% is rain-fed.
Wheat is one of the most important crops of world. Without wheat human life is undone. It is
one of the important ingredients that human body requires every day to fulfill the need of

protein. Wheat like provide fuel to the body which needs to run entire engine. Pakistan ranked
7th in wheat production according to the (fao.org) and India is among the top wheat producing
countries. We use wheat and its products in a number of ways. For example bakery products,
Fine flour which is used for manufacturing of Nan, etc.
History of wheat:
Wheat is the main food item of the countrys population and largest grain crop of the
country. Wheat is a major part of Pakistans agricultural sector. Depending upon the different
growth rates of population, the wheat requirements vary from time to time. That creates
complications for policy makers because in every year the wheat requirement is increasing.
Agriculture accounts for about one fourth of Pakistan GDP. Besides, the province of Sindh
produced about 3.1 million tons wheat against its target of 3.2 million tons; Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa produced 1.2 million tons against a target of 1.6 million tons; and Baluchistan
produced 800,000 tons wheat against the target of one million ton, he said. Punjab could
produce not more than 17.8 million tons of wheat during the year."Pakistan requires 26 million
tons of wheat to satisfy its annual consumption.
Cultivation area of Pakistan can be divided into three parts as per yield
In Pakistan there are so many different areas where yield rate is different due to availability of
resources or limited resources. We still have areas where no irrigation systems available and
there farmer only source of cultivation is rain. They have to depend on rain if that season rain
come they have food and if there is no rain they have to depend on other city to fulfill their
needs.
Areas Having Abundant Production:
The areas having abundant production of wheat are the canal-irrigated areas. These areas
included the north district of Sialkot and the South Rahim Yar Khan and in the East Kasur and
in the West district of Sargodha. In these areas arrangements have been made for canal
irrigation. All these areas have fertile land and flat areas having tube-well and many privileges
are being provided to the farmers of these areas so the productions of wheat crop of these areas
are in excess.

The Areas Having Moderate Production:

These areas are located in the surroundings of the areas producing wheat in abundance. These
areas are include in the Eastern areas of Punjab, District Bahawalpur and Bahawal Nagar.
Whereas in the other areas in the west are include the district of Gujrat Muzaffaragarh and
Leiah district. Beside these the areas of rainy regions of district Attock are also include in it. In
these areas the soil include in it. In these areas the soil is very fertile and the arrangements for
the irrigation systems are made available to the farmers.

Less Productive Areas:

Less productive areas of wheat production are included in all the four provinces of Pakistan. In
these areas neither the land is fertile and smooth. No arrangements of irrigation are possible, so
the farmers have to depend on rain. If it rains in time then it is possible to plant crop otherwise
they have to depend on other areas for food and their other requirements. The areas are in
Punjab province Rawalpindi Division. In NWFP Hanza and Dera Ismail Khan and most parts of
Baluchistan are included in these areas.
Importance of wheat:

Wheat Composition
Carbohydrate 70%
Protein 9-15%
Fat 2-2.2%
Fiber 2-2.5
Ash 1.8 %
Moisture 9-13%
Wheat Grain composite of different things like layers and inner part from which we get bran
and flour. Bran is outer part of the grain which is quite hard and separated in milling process.
Human body needs this nutritions for daily requirement and they need on daily basis which
they get from different sources. Wheat is major source for getting these ingredients. While we
can get these ingredients from different food items like rice.

Total production of wheat in the world:

Years
2007
2008
2009
2010

Wheat Production in Million Tons

611
684
683
645

World share for Pakistan of wheat:

There are top 10 countries in the world that is producing wheat such as Iran, Turkey, Pakistan,
Canada, Kazakhstan, Australia, United States of America, Russia, China and India. Pakistan has
a world share of 4% in producing wheat. Pakistan is in 8th no in world ranking.

Major Players of Flour mills in Pakistan

Al Faisal Flour Mill Store

Lahore Flour & Genl. Mills

A.r. Flour Mills

Afzal Brothers Flour Mills (Pvt) Ltd.

Ahmed Flour Mills

Al-Haq Flour Mills

Al-Rai Flour Mills

Al-Ramzan Flour & General Mills

Awan Flour Mills

Badami Bagh Flour Mills

Area of wheat in Pakistan:

Area 000 Hectares showing in how much area wheat is being cultivated in different provinces
of Pakistan. According to the stats shown in the table Punjab has more cultivated land rather
than other province. Area of wheat cultivation is increasing as shown in the table from 19932011. According to that statistics 75% area of cultivation is in Punjab in year 2010-2011.
Production of wheat in Pakistan:
Punjab is major producer of wheat in all provinces of Pakistan with 19041 tons wheat
production in 2010-2011. While this province improved production of wheat from year 1993-94
till 2011. Almost 69.73% increase in production from 1993 in Punjab. KPK is second major
producer in wheat production with 1155 tons of wheat in year 2011. Almost 75% wheat
produced in Punjab, 4.5% in KPK and minor productions Sindh and Blochistan.

According to the FAO stats wheat ranked as 6 th as a commodity with 670875110 (MT) produced
in the world. Pakistan ranked 7th no in wheat production in the world 23473000 (MT) Production.
Pakistan contributes 3.4% in world wheat production. According to FAO stats India is leading
wheat producer with 14.14% not in terms of production but in returns in revenue. China is first
in production of the wheat with 17.97% production but ranked 3rd in term of revenue.

Import and Export of wheat:

Exporters

World

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

Imported
quantity,
Tons

Imported
quantity,
Tons

Imported
quantity,
Tons

Imported
quantity,
Tons

Imported
quantity,

3,724,257

1,080,282

38,612

21,841

Argentina

266,428

65,034

Brazil

312,113

Bulgaria

397,446

58,570

Canada

547,679

Cyprus

24,991

France

35,003

82,247

107,359

113,493

10,672

13,722

China

Iran (Islamic Republic of)

Italy

Kazakhstan

96,738

12

180,300

Romania

353,843

16,823

Russian Federation

631,634

523,506

Switzerland

213,055

340,846

46,090

United States of America

233,819

12,500

27,940

8,119

Uruguay

117,200

27,806

Mexico
Netherlands

United Arab Emirates

Ukraine
United Kingdom

List of importing markets for a product exported by Pakistan

Product: 1001 Wheat and meslin

Importers

World

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

Exported
quantity, Tons

Exported
quantity, Tons

Exported
quantity, Tons

Exported
quantity, Tons

Exported
quantity, Tons

160,009

14,774

930

2,087,422

137,133

Indonesia

33,424

40,612

Sri Lanka

19

241,993

32,359

160,009

14,755

930

50,199

25,276

Malaysia

61,943

13,606

Myanmar

3,005

8,002

Thailand

7,875

United Arab Emirates

181,630

4,218

Viet Nam

10,881

2,546

Yemen

237,250

1,253

Singapore

6,514

1,156

Oman

18,645

214

Australia

10

14

Philippines

49,968

Somalia

150

Bangladesh

733,638

Djibouti

33,000

Hong Kong, China

72

Jordan

468

Kenya

293,700

Madagascar

3,148

Taipei, Chinese

8,271

Qatar

70,871

Saudi Arabia

2,341

South Africa

250

Sudan

33,000

United Republic of Tanzania

13,051

Afghanistan

Process Activity Mapping

Sr. #

Steps
Value

1
NNVA

Wheat Received

Wheat seed storage

NVA

Wheat seed Transported to former

NNVA

Former received Seed

NNVA

Wheat seed unpacked

NVA

Seed cultivation
VA

Irrigation of wheat

VA

Fertilizer of wheat

VA

Irrigation of wheat

VA

10

Pesticides of wheat

NNVA

11

cutting the crop

NNVA

12

Combine harvester

NNVA

13

Storage of wheat

NVA

14

Transportation of wheat in Market

NVA

15

Wheat Received by PASSCO

NVA

16

Transportation of wheat in Mills

NNVA

17

Movement of wheat to production process in Mills

VA

18

Output (Flour)
VA

19

Packing of Flour in bags

VA

20

Storage of Flour
NVA

21

Transportation Flour (Bags) to Distributors

NNVA

22

Storage of Flour (Bags) by distributor

NVA

23

End consumer
VA

Order Fulfillment Mapping:

Farming

Bibliography:
http://www.pakissan.com/english/news/newsDetail.php?newsid=25856
http://www.pbs.gov.pk/content/agriculture-statistics

http://tribune.com.pk/story/543738/government-to-miss-wheat-production-target-by-a-milliontons/
http://www.earth-policy.org/data_center/C24
http://www.intracen.org/itc/market-info-tools/statistics-import-product-country/
http://www.pakmissionuk.gov.pk/commsection/london/invest_opportunities/Agriculture_in_Pakistan.pdf
http://www.pbs.gov.pk/content/agriculture-statistics
http://laucke.com.au/about-us/our-milling-process/