LEE KIAN KEONG

STPM MATHEMATICS (T)

3: Matrices

Matrices
1. [STPM ]

3 1
0 4. Show that M3 3M2 + 8M 24I3 = 0. Deduce M1 .
[7 marks]
1 1

1 2 3
5 1
7
7 5. Find AB, and hence solve the simultaneous
(b) Given matrices A = 2 3 1, B = 1
3 1 2
7 5 1
equation
5x +
y + 7z = 8,
x + 7y 5z = 16,
7x 5y +
z = 14.
2
(a) Given M = 1
1

[8 marks]

[Answer : (a) A1
2. [STPM
]

1
If A = 3
2

2
2
0

4
1
5
=
24
1

4
1
5

18
12
9 ; (b) AB = 0
0
3

0
18
0

0
0 , x = 1, y = 1, z = 2]
18

6
9 , find A2 and A3 . Hence, find A100 .
3

5
[Answer : A2 = 9
4

6
10
4

[4 marks]

6
1
9 , A3 = 3
3
2

2
2
0

6
5
9 , A100 = 9
3
4

6
10
4

6
9 ]
3

3. [STPM ]

1
Given P = 1
2

1
2
1

2
1.
1

(a) Find R so that R = P2 4P I3 .

(b) Show that PR + 4I3 = 0.

[3 marks]
[2 marks]

1
[Answer : (a) R = 1
3

1
3
1

3
1 ]
1

4. [STPM ]
The matrices A and B are given by

3
A = 1
4

2
1
0

0
1
1 , B = 5
1
4

Find AB and deduce A1 .

2
3
8

2
3 .
1
[4 marks]

In conjunction with the XXI SEA Games which was held in Kuala Lumpur, Syarikat Wawasan sold three types
of souvenirs, that is key chain, calculator and pen. The company ordered its supply of souvenirs in two types of
packets. The cost of a packet which consists of three key chains, and two calculators is RM45, whereas cost of a
packet which consists of a key chain, a calculator, and a pen is RM4O. The cost of a pen is four times the cost
of a key chain. If the costs of a key chain, a calculator, and a pen are RMx, RMy, RMz respectively, obtain a
matrix equation to represent the above information. Determine the cost of each type of souvenir supplied to the
company.
[7 marks]
The selling price of each packet of souvenirs is fixed at RM8O. If the profit from the sale of a pen is RM25, find
the profit obtained from the sale a key chain and the sale of a calculator.
[4 marks]
kkleemaths.com

LEE KIAN KEONG

STPM MATHEMATICS (T)

7
[Answer : AB =
0

5. [STPM ]
cos
If M =
sin

0
0
0



sin
cos 3
T 3
, show that (M ) =
cos
sin 3

0
7
7

3: Matrices

0 ; A

1/7
= 5/7
4/7

2/7
3/7
8/7

2/7
3/7 ; RM5 , RM10]
1/7


sin 3
.
cos 3

6. [STPM ]
The matrices A and B are given by

5
A = 1
1

0
8
3

0
2
0 , B = 1
5
1

0
5
3

0
0 .
2

(a) Determine whether A and B commute.

[3 marks]

(b) Show that there exist numbers m and n such that A = mB + nI, where I is the 3 x 3 identity matrix, and
find the values of m and n.
[6 marks]
[Answer : (a) Commute. (b) m = 1, n = 3]
7. [STPM ]

2b 1
Determine the values of a, b, c so that the matrix 2a 1
b

a2
b2
a
bc is a symmetric matrix. [5 marks]
b + c 2c 1
[Answer : a = 1, b = 0, c = 0]

8. [STPM ]

2 3 4
10 4
9
Matrix M and N is given by M = 15 4 14 , and N = 4 3 1 .
1 2 4
5
1
6
1
Find MN and deduce N .
[4 marks]
Product X, Y , Z are assembled from three components A, B, C according to different proportions. Each product
X consists of two components of A, four components of B, and one component of C; each product of Y consists
of three components of A, three components of B, and two components of C; each product of Z consists of
four components of A, one component of B, and four components of C. A total of 750 components of A, 1000
components of B, and 500 components of C are used. With X, Y , Z representing the number of products of X,
Y , and Z assembled, obtain a matrix equation representing the information given.
[4 marks]
Hence, find the number of products of X, Y , and Z assembled.
[4 marks]

[Answer : x=200, y=50, z=50.]

9. [STPM ]

1
The matrix A is given by A = 3
0

2 3
1 1 .
1 2

(a) Find the matrix B such that B = A2 10I, where I is the 3 identity matrix.

[3 marks]

21

(b) Find (A + I)B, and hence find (A + I) B.

3
[Answer : (a) 6
3

[6 marks]

1
2
1

kkleemaths.com

5
3
10 ; (b) 6
5
3

1
2
1

5
3
10 , 6
5
3

1
2
1

5
10]
5

LEE KIAN KEONG

STPM MATHEMATICS (T)

3: Matrices

10. [STPM ]

3 3
Matrix A is given by A = 5 4
1 2
Find the adjoint of A. Hence, find

4
1 .
3
A1 .

[6 marks]

10
[Answer : 14
6

11. [STPM ]
The matrices P and Q, where PQ = QP, are

2 2
P= 0 0
a b

given by

0
1
2 and Q = 0
c
0

1
5
3

1
0
2

5/6
13
17 ; 7/6
1/2
3

1/12
5/12
1/4

13/12
17/12 ]
1/4

0
1
2

Determine the values of a, b and c.

Find the real numbers m and n for which P = mQ + nI, where I is the 3 3 identity matrix.

[5 marks]
[5 marks]

[Answer : a = 0, b = 4, c = 4 ; m = 2, n = 0]
12. [STPM ]
A, B, C
such that BA = B1 and ABC = (AB)1 . Show that A1 = B2 = C. [3 marks]

are square matrices

1 2 0
[7 marks]
If B = 0 1 0 , find C and A.
1 0 1

1
[Answer : A = 0
2

0
1
2

0
1
0 , C = 0
1
2

0
1
2

0
0 ]
1

13. [STPM ]
The matrix A is given by

k
A = 2
8

1
k
3

5
8 .
2

Determine all values of k for which the equation AX = B, where B is a 3 1 matrix, does not have a unique
solution.
[3 marks]
For each of these values of k, find the solution, if any, of the equation

1
AX = 2 .
4
[7 marks]

[Answer : k = 3, k = 5 ; For k = 3, no solution. For k = 5, x =

17
12
30
7

t, y =

t, z = t]
23
23
23
23

14. [STPM ]

k
Determine the values of k such that the determinant of the matrix 2k + 1
0

1
3
k

3
2 is 0.
2

[4 marks]

1
4

[Answer : k = , k = 2]

kkleemaths.com

LEE KIAN KEONG

STPM MATHEMATICS (T)

3: Matrices

15. [STPM
]

5 2 3
a
1 18
1 12 and PQ = 2I, where I is the 33 identity matrix, determine
If P = 1 4 3 , Q = b
3 1 2
13 1
c
1
the values of a, b and c. Hence find P .
[8 marks]
Two groups of workers have their drinks at a stall. The first group comprising ten workers have five cups of tea,
two cups of coffee and three glasses of fruit juice at a total cost of RM11.80. The second group of six workers
have three cups of tea, a cup of coffee and two glasses of fruit juice at a total cost of RM7.10. The cost of a cup
of tea and three glasses of fruit juice is the same as the cost of four cups of coffee. If the costs of a cup of tea,
a cup of coffee and a glass of fruit juice are RM x, RM y and RM z respectively, obtain a matrix equation to
represent the above information. Hence determine the cost of each drink.
[6 marks]

11/2
[Answer : a = 11, b = 7, c = 22 ; 7/2
13/2

1/2
1/2
1/2

9
6 ; x=RM 1, y=RM 1.30, z=RM 1.40]
11

16. [STPM ]
Consider the system of equations
x +
y
3x
y
6x + 2y

+ pz
2z
+
z

= q,
= 1,
= 4,

for the two cases: p = 2, q = 1 and p = 1, q = 2.

For each case, find the unique solution if it exists or determine the consistency of the system if there is no unique
solution.
[7 marks]
[Answer : For p = 2, q = 1, unique solution, x = 1/2, y = 1/2, z = 0.
For p = 1, q = 2, no unique solution. The system is not consistent.]

17. [STPM ]
The matrices A and B are given by

1
A = 3
0

35 19
2 1
1 4 , B = 27 13
3
12
1 2

18
45 .
5

Find the matrix A2 B and deduce the inverse of A.

Hence, solve the system of linear equations

[5 marks]

x 2y z
3x y 4z
y + 2z

= 8,
= 15,
= 4.
[5 marks]

121
[Answer : 0
0

0
121
0

0
2/11
0 , 6/11
121
3/11

3/11
2/11
1/11

7/11
1/11 ; x = 3, y = 2, z = 1]
5/11

18. [STPM ]
Consider the system of equations
x
x
x

+
y
+ y
+
y

+
z
+
z
+ z

=
=
=

1,
,
2 ,

where is a constant.
(a) Determine the values of for which this system has a unique solution, infinitely many solutions and no
solution.
[5 marks]
kkleemaths.com

LEE KIAN KEONG

STPM MATHEMATICS (T)

3: Matrices

(b) Find the unique solution in terms of .

[5 marks]

[Answer : (a) For unique solution, 6= 1, 2. For infinitely many solution, = 1.

For no solution, = 2.
( + 1)2
+1
1
(b) x =
,y =
,z =
]
+2
+2
+2

19. [STPM ]

1
Matrix A is given by A = 1
1

0 0
1 0 .
2 1

(a) Show that A2 = I, where I is the 3 3 identity

1
(b) Find the matrix B which satisfies BA = 0
1

matrix, and deduce A1 .

4 3
2 1 .
0 2

1
[Answer : (a) 1
1

[4 marks]

[4 marks]

0
1
2

0
8
0 ; (b) 3
1
1

10
4
4

3
1]
2

20. [STPM ]
(a) The matrix P, Q and R are given by

4
13 50 33
1 5 6
6 5 , R = 1
P = 2 2 4 , Q = 1
2
7
20
15
1 3 2

7
5
1

13
1
11

Find matrices PQ and PQR and hence, deduce (PQ)1 .

[5 marks]

(b) Using the result in (a), solve the system of linear equations
6x
x
x

10y
2y
2y

+ 8z
+
z
+ 3z

= 4500
= 0
= 1080
[5 marks]

24
[Answer : (a) 4
4

40
8
8

32
72
4 , 0
12
0

0
72
0

0
1/18
0 , 1/72
72
1/36

7/72
5/72
1/72

13/72
1/72 ; (b) x = 220, y = 190, z = 160 ]
11/72

21. [STPM ]
The matrix A is given by

1
A = 1
1

1
2
c

c
3
1

and B is a 3 1 matrix.
(a) Find the values of c for which the equation AX = B does not have a unique solution.

[3 marks]

(b) For each value of c, find the solutions, if any, of the equation

1
AX = 3 .
11
[5 marks]

kkleemaths.com

LEE KIAN KEONG

STPM MATHEMATICS (T)

3: Matrices

[Answer : (a) c = 1, 4 ; (b) For c = 1, no solution. For c = 4, x = 5 5t, y = 4 + t, z = t]

22. [STPM ]

1
Matrix P is given by P = 2
2

2
1
1

1
3 .
1

(a) Find the determinant and adjoint of P. Hence, find P1 .

[6 marks]

(b) A factory assembles three types of toys Q, R and S. The total time taken to assemble one unit of R and
one unit of S exceeds the time taken to assemble two units of Q by 8 minutes. One unit of Q, two units of
R and one unit of S take 31 minutes to be assembled. The time taken to assemble two units of Q, one unit
of R and three units of S is 48 minutes.
If x, y and z represent the time, in minutes, taken to assemble each unit of toys Q, R and S respectively,
i. write a system of linear equations to represent the above information,
ii. using the results in (a), determine the time taken to assemble each type of toy.

2
[Answer : (a) 14, 8
4

23. [STPM ]
A and B are two matrices such that

4
A = 2
2

3
2
2

6
4
3

1
3
5

1/7
5
1, 4/7
2/7
3

2
and A2 B = 2
0

1/14
3/14
5/14

(b) Using A

[5 marks]

5/14
1/14 ; (b)(ii) 5, 8, 10 ]
3/14

6 0
0 4 .
4 2

(a) Find the determinant and adjoint of A. Hence, determine A1 .

1

[2 marks]

[6 marks]

obtained in (a), find B.

[4 marks]

2
[Answer : (a) 2 , 2
0

3
0
2

0
1
4 , 1
2
0

3/2
0
1

0
8
2 ; (b) 9
1
0

27
2
18

0
18]
10

24. [STPM ]
Matrix A is given by

1
A = 1
1

x 1
1 0
0 0

and A2 = A1 . Determine the value of x.

[7 marks]

[Answer : 2]
25. [STPM ]
Consider the system of equations
x
3x
2x

+ 3y
+ ay
+ 6y

+ 2z
+ 2z
+ az

=
=
=

2,
2a 1,
b.

(a) If a 6= 9 and a 6= 4, show that the system has a unique solution.

[5 marks]

(b) If a = 5 and b = 6, find the unique solution.

[3 marks]

(c) If a = 4, show that the system does not have a solution unless b = 4.

[3 marks]

(d) If a = 9, determine whether there are any values of b for which the system has a solution.

[3 marks]

kkleemaths.com

LEE KIAN KEONG

STPM MATHEMATICS (T)

3: Matrices

[Answer : (b) x =
26. [STPM ]
The matrices P and Q, where PQ = QP, are

2 2

0 0
P=
a b

given by

0
1
2 and Q = 0
c
0

1
0
2

77
55
131
, y = , z = 10 ; (d) b =
]
4
4
4

0
1
2

Determine the values of a, b and c.

Find the real numbers m and n for which P = mQ + nI, where I is the 3 3 identity matrix.

[5 marks]
[5 marks]

[Answer : a = 0, b = 4, c = 4 ; m = 2, n = 0]
27. [STPM ]
Using an augmented matrix and elementary row operations, find the solution of the system of equations
3x
x +
5x

2y
3y
4y

5z
2z
+ z

5,
6,
11.

=
=
=

[9 marks]

[Answer : x = 1, y = 1, z = 2]
28. [STPM ]
A system of linear equations is given by
x +
y
x
y
4x + 2y

+
z
+
z
+ z

=
=
=

k,
0,
3.

where and k are real numbers. Show that the augmented matrix for the system may be reduced to

k
1 1
1
0 2
0
k .
0 0 4 3 3k
[5 marks]

Hence, determine the values of and k so that the system of linear equations has
(a) a unique solution,

[1 marks]

(b) infinitely many solutions,

[1 marks]

(c) no solution.

[1 marks]

[Answer : (a) 6= 4 ; (b) = 4, k = 1 ; (c) = 4, k 6= 1]

29. [STPM ]

5
Given that matrix M = 4
2

4
5
2

2
2.
2

Show that there exist non-zero constants a and b such that M2 = aM + bI, where I is the 3 3 identity matrix.
[6 marks]

Hence, find the inverse of the matrix M.

[3 marks]

0.6
[Answer : a = 11, b = 10 ; 0.4
0.2

kkleemaths.com

0.4
0.6
0.2

0.2
0.2]
0.9

LEE KIAN KEONG

STPM MATHEMATICS (T)

3: Matrices

30. [STPM ]
A matrix P is given by

5 0 2
P = 0 2 1 .
1 4 2
By using elementary row operations, find the inverse of P.

[5 marks]

0
[Answer : 1/4
1/2

2
3
5

1
5/4]
5/2

31. [STPM ]
A system of linear equations is given by
x
px

3y
py

+ qz
+ z

=
=
=

2,
1,
1.

(a) Write the augmented matrix for the system of linear equations, and show that it may be reduced to

1 3
0
2
0 p
1
1 .
0 0 3 q 2p 2
[5 marks]

(b) Determine the values of p and q such that the system has infinitely many solutions, and find the general
solution.
[4 marks]
[Answer : (b) p = 1 an q = 3 ,x = 1 3t, y = t 1, z = t]

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