Xinxing Technical Manual

XINXING
PIPES
XINXING DUCTILE IRON PIPES CO.,LTD.
xinxing@xinxingpipes.com.cn
The brochure is printed on

environmentally friendly paper
Product Technical Manual
XINXING
PIPES
Product
Technical Manual
WORLD'S LARGEST DUCTILE IRON PIPE MANUFACTUER
Contents
Company Profile
Chapter I Ductile Iron Pipe Joint

and Anti-corrosion Solution
Chapter II Manufacturing Process
and Quality Control System
Chapter III Requirements
for Storage and Transportation
of Ductile Iron Pipe
Chapter IV Engineering
Design of Water Supply
& Drainage Pipeline
Chapter V Construction,
Installation and Acceptance of
Ductile Iron Pipe
Chapter VI Xinxing Ductile
Iron Fittings and Accesseries
Chapter VII Valves for
Water Supply and Drainage Pipeline
Xinxing Ductile Iron Pipes Technical Manual
Company Profile
Xinxing Ductile Iron Pipes Co., Ltd. is the worlds largest supplier of ductile iron pipes and fittings. The
Xinxing Ductile Iron Pipes Co., Ltd., as a subsidiary of Xinxing Cathay International Group Co.,Ltd., adheres
have been exported to more than 110 countries and regions around the world, including Middle East,
to the orientation of science and technology, environmental protection, quality and efficiency. At present,
America, Africa, Europe, Southeast Asia, etc.
it has grown into a trans-regional and multi-industrial enterprise group integrating such wide industries as
Xinxing Ductile Iron Pipes Co., Ltd. is the largest steel bar grating professional production enterprises in
ductile iron pipe, steel and machinery, as well as various areas such as scientific research, production and
China. Xinxing gratings possess excellent characteristics such as easy installation, strong and durable,
trade. In 1997, Xinxing was listed on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange of China and has been selected as the
beautiful appearance, easy cleaning, various specifications and combination at will, etc, so the gratings
Top 50 Most Promising Listed Companies for 8 consecutive years since then. Xinxing is primarily engaged
are widely used in the fields of chemical industry, power, oil field, construction, transportation, etc. With the
in the centrifugal casting ductile iron pipes and fittings, steel smelting and rolling processing, special steel
recent development, Xinxing gratings have been sold to Japan, America, Australia and Singapore and other
pipes, and foundry products, etc. At present, it has grown into an integrated processing enterprise with the
countries and regions.
annual output of more than 10 million tons of metal products, including major series, i.e. Xinxing ductile iron
Xinxing Ductile Iron Pipes Co., Ltd. has passed British Lloyds certification of ISO 9001 quality management
pipes, Xinxing steel, Xinxing special steel pipes, Xinxing gratings, Xinxing castings, Xinxing steel-plastic
system, ISO 14001 environmental management system, GB/T 28001 occupational health and safety
composite pipes, with the annual output of 8.0 million tons of steel, 1.8 million tons of ductile iron pipes,
management system, and GB/T 19022 measurement management system. Ductile iron pipes and fittings
40,000 tons of ductile iron fittings, 180,000 tons of special steel pipes, 3,000,000 m steel-plastic composite
have passed Italian BV and Chinese BV certification for standards such as EN 545, EN 598, ISO 2531, KS
pipes and 80,000 tons of steel gratings. It has established production bases in Handan of Hebei, Wuhu of
D 4311, ABNT NBR 7675, ISO 7186, ISO 8179-1, ISO 8179-2, ISO 4179, NF A 48-851, EN 15189 and EN
Anhui, Bazhou of Xinjiang, Huangshi of Hubei, Taojiang of Hunan, and Chongzhou of Sichuan, etc.
15655; flat steel and wire rods have passed CE certification by British Lloyd's Register Quality Assurance.
XINXING PIPES
domestic market share of its pipe products is about 45%, and the export ratio is about 30%. The products
01
Chapter I
Ductile Iron
Pipe Joint and
Anti-corrosion
Solution
02
XINXING PIPES
03
1.1 Ductile iron pipe wall thickness 7

1.2 T-type joint ductile iron pipe 9
1.2.1 Joint description
1.2.2 Technical parameters
1.3 XT2-type joint ductile iron pipe 11
Chapter I
Ductile Iron
Pipe Joint and
Anti-corrosion
Solution

1.4 TF Self-anchored joint ductile iron pipe 13
1.5 Xanchor self-anchored joint ductile iron pipe 15
1.6 Flange welded joint ductile iron pipe 17
1.7 XTJ ductile iron jacking pipe 18
1.7.1 Product description
1.8 External anti-corrosion coating 21
1.8.1 Soil aggressivity
1.8.2 Selection of external coating
1.9 Internal lining 32
1.9.1 Evaluation on aggressivity of water for ductile iron pipes
1.9.2 Materials in contact with potable water
1.9.3 Lining selection
1.9.4 Cement mortar lining
1.9.5 Cement mortar lining +epoxy seal coat
1.9.6 Polyurethane lining
1.9.7 Ceramic epoxy lining
1.10 Coating repairs 47
1.10.1 Repairing zinc coating/Zn-Al rare earth alloy coating
1.10.2 Repairing PU coating
1.10.3 Repairing cement mortar lining
1.10.4 Repairing cement lining with epoxy seal coat
1.10.5 Repairing ceramic epoxy(PU)lining
04
XINXING PIPES
05
Ductile iron material features similar mechanical properties with carbon steel, such as high mechanical
strength and good ductility, and the same anti-corrosion performance as cast iron. Therefore, ductile iron
1.1 Ductile iron pipe wall thickness
pipe has gradually become one of the most secure and reliable pipes in the water supply and drainage area
Xinxing ductile iron pipes can be graded by the wall thickness class coefficient K or pressure class C.
throughout the world.
Standards are as following:
Xinxing Ductile Iron Pipes Co., Ltd. provides ductile iron pipe products ranging from DN80 ~ DN2600 in
ISO 2531/ISO 7186
accordance with ISO 2531/ISO 7186 or EN 545/EN 598. Meanwhile, it can provide the most appropriate
GB/T 13295, GB/T 26081
joints and internal and external anti-corrosion solutions according to the pipeline laying and using conditions.
EN 545/EN 598 and other related standards for ductile iron pipes
For details, see the table below:
Note: The wall thickness class coefficient K (or pressure class C) shall be specified in the agreement
between the supplier and the purchaser.
Table 1 Xinxing Ductile Iron Pipes Joint and Anti-corrosion Solutions

Anti-corrosion coating
Joint type
Flexible joint
Self-anchored joint
Rigid
Specification range
Internal lining
External coating
Cement mortar lining
Zinc + high chlorinated
Cement mortar lining +
polyethylene finishing
The nominal wall thickness of ductile iron pipe is calculated as a function of nominal diameter DN, and the
calculation formula is as following:
T-type joint
DN80~2000
XT2-type joint
DN80~2600
TF joint
DN80~1200
epoxy seal coat
layer
Xanchor joint
DN1400~2600
Polyurethane lining
Zinc+epoxy coating
Welded flange joint
DN80~2000
Ceramic epoxy linning
Polyurethane coating
XTJ jacking pipe
Graded by wall thickness class coefficient K
enom= K(0.5+ 0.001DN)

Where: enom Nominal wall thickness(mm)
DN nominal diameter (mm)
K Wall thickness class coefficient, selected from a series of whole numbers ... 9,10,11,12 ...
DN250~2000
The minimum nominal wall thickness of centrifugal casting ductile iron pipe is 6mm, and the minimum wall
thickness of non-centrifugal casting ductile iron pipe and fittings is 7 mm; the tolerance on thickness for
pipes and fittings is shown in the table below.
Table 2 Limit Deviation on Nominal Wall Thickness for Pipes and Fittings
Dimensions in millimeters
Type of casting
Pipes centrifugally cast
Pipes non-centrifugally cast and fittings
Limit Deviation
-1.3
-(1.3+0.001DN)
-2.3
-(2.3+0.001DN)
Graded by pressure class C

When the ductile iron pipes are classified by pressure class C, its allowable operating pressure is expressed
by Arabic numerals prefixed by the letter C, and its unit is bar. Minimum wall thickness of the pipe is
calculated by the allowable operating pressure.The formula is as following:
06
XINXING PIPES
07
emin=
1.2 T-type joint ductile iron pipe
PFA SF DE
20Rm+ PFASF
Where: emin Minimum wall thickness of pip (mm)
Spigot Socket Rubber gasket
PFAAllowable operating pressure (bar)

SF Safety factor of PFA (SF = 3)
DE External diameter of pipe, (mm)
Rm Minimum tensile strength of ductile iron
pipe, (MPa Rm=420 MPa)
For pipes centrifugally cast, the minimum wall thickness
Figure 1 T-type joint structure
shall not be less than 3mm; for pipes non-centrifugally cast,

the minimum wall thickness shall not be less than 4.7 mm;
Sealing principle
the tolerance on thickness for pipes is shown in table 3.
Structure of T-type joint is shown in Figure 1. During joint installation, the external spigot is extruded on
Specification range for preferred pressure class of C-class
the rubber ring inside the socket.The compression deformation can generate a certain degree of contact
pipes are shown in Table 4.
pressure. And it is the so-called self-sealing action of the rubber ring that keeps the joint tight. The selfsealing effect means, when the rubber ring is under the fluid pressure, the actual contact pressure on the
rubber ring is the sum of the contact pressure of the pre-compressed rubber ring and the new contact
Table 3 Tolerance on Wall Thickness For

C-class Pipes and Fittings
Dimensions in millimetres
Type of casting
Tolerance
Pipes centrifugally cast
+(1.3+0.001DN)
Pipes non-centrifugally cast and

fittings
+(2.3+0.001DN)
pressure on the rubber ring brought by the fluid pressure. Since the contact pressure is higher than the fluid
pressure, so that the joint is well tightened.
Joint features
The joint features simple structure, easy installation and sound sealing performance. The positioning of
sealing ring and deflection of joint are taken into consideration during socket structure design. By controlling
the insertion depth of the spigot, the joint can have certain axial flexibility. Therefore this type of joint is able
to adapt to certain foundation settlement, while long-distance deflection of pipeline can be achieved through
its deflection angle . Joint deflection installation is shown in Figure 2.
Table 4 Specification Range for Preferred Pressure Class

of C-class Pipes
The rubber ring consists of two parts, i.e. the hard rubber and soft rubber. The hard rubber can support and
Specification range
Preferred pressure class
DN80~DN300
C40
T-type Joint is unable to prevent pipe slippage, therefore the concrete
DN350~DN600
C30
blocks to resist the axial forces should be set at the bend of pipeline, or
DN700~DN2600
C25
align the pipe joints, and greater thrust is needed during installation.
certain length of self-anchored joint ductile iron pipe should be laid.

Application field
Figure 2 Joint deflection
Pressure/non-pressure water supply (potable water, sewage, etc.) pipeline;

belowground/aboveground laying, and the pipe laying slope does not exceed 20% (aboveground) or 25%
(belowground).
Installation method
Please refer to 5.2.2 T-type joint ductile iron pipe installation
08
XINXING PIPES
09
1.3 XT2-type joint ductile iron

pipe
The main technical parameters of T-type joint ductile iron pipe are shown in Figure 3 and Table 5:
enom
DE
Spigot Socket Rubber gasket
Lu
Figure 3 T-type joint ductile iron pipe
Table 5 Technical Parameters of T-type Joint Ductile Iron Pipe

DE
Lu
mm
mm
mm
mm
80
98
140
100
118
125
DN
10
K9
C-class
Figure 4 XT2-type joint
enom
PFA
enom
PFA
mm
bar
mm
bar
85
64
4.4
Sealing principle
163
88
64
4.4
Structure of XT2-type Joint is shown in
144
190
91
64
4.5
150
170
217
94
64
4.5
200
222
278
100
6.3
62
4.7
250
274
336
105
6.8
54
5.5
300
326
393
110
7.2
49
6.2
350
378
448
110
7.7
45
6.3
400
429
500
110
8.1
42
6.5
450
480
540
120
8.6
40
6.9
500
532
604
120
38
7.5
600
635
713
120
9.9
36
8.7
700
738
824
150
10.8
34
8.8
800
842
943
160
11.7
32
9.6
Application field
900
945
1052
175
12.6
31
10.6
The same with T-type joint (see 1.2.1 Joint
1000
1048
1158
185
13.5
30
11.6
description - Application field);
1100
1152
1270
202
14.4
29
12.6
1200
1255
1378
217
15.3
28
13.6
1400
1462
1600
242
17.1
28
15.7
The same with the T-type joint, please refer
1500
1565
1710
253
18
27
16.7
to 5.2.2 T-type joint ductile iron pipe
1600
1668
1821
266
18.9
27
17.7
installation.
1800
1875
2043
297
20.7
26
19.7
2000
2082
2262
319
22.5
26
21.8
6000
3
6000/8150
Figure 4. Its sealing principle is similar

40
with that of T-type joint (see 1.2.1 Joint

description - Sealing principle);
Joint features
Similar with T-type joint. As the sealing ring
30
of XT2-type joint adopts the lip-shaped

structure, the pipe is subject to less rubber
seal resistance during installation;
25
Installation method
C-Class pipe of preferred pressure class complying with ISO 2531-2009
XINXING PIPES
11
1.4 TF Self-anchored joint ductile iron pipe
1.3.2 Technical parameters:

The main technical parameters of XT2-type joint ductile iron pipe are shown in Figure 5 and Table 6.
enom

Welded bead
Rubber gasket
DE
Locking ring
Gland
Bolts and nuts
Lu
Figure 5 XT2-type joint ductile iron pipe

Table 6 Technical Parameters of XT2-type Joint Ductile Iron Pipe
DE
mm
D
mm
P
mm
80
98
140
100
118
150
DN
12
Lu
mm
K9
Figure 6 TF self-anchored joint structure
PFA
bar
enom
mm
92.5
64
4.4
As shown in Figure 6, TF self-anchored joint adopts the T-type joint sealing structure. Compared with T-type
163
94.5
64
4.4
joint, it adds a welded bead on spigot, an open-end locking ring, a special gland and connecting bolts to
170
217
100.5
64
4.5
200
222
278
105.5
6.3
62
4.7
250
274
336
105.5
6.8
54
5.5
Working principle
300
326
393
107.5
7.2
49
6.2
The axial thrust forces generated at the bending places and tees of the pressure pipeline will cause the
350
378
448
110.5
7.7
45
6.3
socket and spigot components to have relative displacement. Axial stress generated at spigot is passed on
400
429
500
112.5
8.1
42
6.5
450
480
540
115
8.6
40
6.9
500
532
604
117.5
38
7.5
600
635
713
122.5
9.9
36
8.7
700
738
824
147.5
10.8
34
8.8
800
842
943
147.5
11.7
32
9.6
900
945
1052
147.5
12.6
31
10.6
1000
1048
1158
157.5
13.5
30
11.6
1200
1255
1377
167.5
15.3
28
13.6
1400
1462
1610
245
17.1
28
15.7
1600
1668
1820
275
18.9
27
17.7
1800
1875
2050
285
20.7
27
19.7
buttress, for example:
2000
2082
2266
290
22.5
26
21.8
A. The construction site is too narrow; there is no space to set up specified concrete block;
2200
2288
2482
328
24.3
25
23.8
B. Construction schedule is tight.
2400
2495
2702
346.5
26.1
25
25.8
Installation method
2600
2702
2921
365
27.9
25
27.9
Please refer to 5.2.5 Installation of ductile iron pipe with Xanchor self-anchored joint
6000
1.8
6000/8150
enom
C-class
mm
PFA
bar
40
30
Joint structure
provide the joint with good anti-slippage performance. The locking ring and the gland can slide between
each other, so that the joint has certain axial stretching and deflection capability.
to the socket through welded bead, locking ring, gland and connecting bolts, enabling the transmission of
axial stress to equip the joint with good anti-slippage performance. When the friction between the restrained
pipeline and its surrounding soil is greater than the axial stress generated inside the pipe, safe operation of
the pipeline can be guaranteed, thus avoiding the set-up of concrete block.
Application field
In the following conditions, certain length of pipeline with TF-joints could be applied in order to prevent
pipeline slippage:
1. Places such as bends, tees, reducers and plugs, etc;
25
2. When the pipeline laying slope exceeds 20% (aboveground) or 25% (belowground);
3. When it is uneconomical (such as large-diameter high-pressure pipelines, etc.) or unable to set concrete
C-class pipe of pressure class complying with ISO 25312009.
XINXING PIPES
13
1.5 Xanchor self-anchored joint ductile iron pipe
The technical parameters of TF self-anchored joint ductile iron pipe are shown in Figure 7 and Table 7.
DE
enom
Front stopper
Rear stopper
Rubber supporter
Rubber gasket
Lu
P
Figure 7 TF self-anchored joint ductile iron pipe
Figure 8 Xanchor Self-anchored Joint structure
Table 7 Technical Parameters of TF Self-anchored Joint Ductile Iron Pipe
Joint structure
K9
Xanchor self-anchored joint, as shown in Figure8, adopts the sealing structure of XT2-type joint. Its socket
DE
DGland
Lu
mm
mm
mm
mm
80
98
243
85
chamber is where the sealing ring is set, and the stopper chamber is used to house the self-anchored
100
118
264
88
components which are comprised of the front blocks, the rear blocks, the supporting ring and welded bead.
150
170
321
94
200
222
375
100
250
274
433
105
6.8
essential mechnism is to effectively prevent slippage through the two rows of rigid blocks. Meanwhile,
300
326
509
110
7.2
the circular sliding of the front and rear rows of blocks along the stopper chamber provides the joint with
350
378
567
110
7.7
greater flexibility. Compared with other self-anchored joint, Xanchor joint features simpler structure, easier
400
429
591.6
110
8.1
installation, better anti-axial-splippage performance and flexibility.
450
480
675
120
500
532
700
120
600
635
811
120
9.9
700
738
935
150
10.8
800
842
1048
160
11.7
900
945
1158
175
1000
1048
1308
185
1100
1152
1420
200
1200
1255
1539
215
DN
enom
mm
6.3
6000
1.5
PFA1
bar
30
8.6
6000/8150
is designed to have two annular chambers, i.e. sealed chamber and anchoring chanber. The sealed
Working principle
Working principle of Xanchor joint is quite different from that of the traditional self-anchored joint. The
Application field
25
The same with TF joint, please refer to 1.4.1 Joint description Application Field.
Installation method
Please refer to 5.2.6 Xanchor self-anchored joint installation.
12.6
23
13.5
22
14.4
21
15.3
20
By adjusting the wall thickness class of the pipe and material of connecting bolts, etc., PFA of TF joint can reach 25bar.
Please consult us for detailed technical parameters.
14
XINXING PIPES
15
1.5.2 Technical parameters:
1.6 Flange welded joint ductile iron pipe
The technical parameters of Xanchor self-anchored joint ductile iron pipe are shown in Figure 9 and Table 8:

Sealing gasket
DE
enom
Bolts & nuts
Lu
Figure 9 Xanchor self-anchored joint ductile iron pipe
Table 8 Technical Parameters of Xanchor Self-anchored Joint Ductile Iron Pipe

DE
Lu
mm
mm
mm
mm
1400
1462
1602
328
1500
1565
1714
1600
1668
1800
2000
DN
Figure 10 Flange welded joint structure
K9
mm
PFA1
bar
1.2
17.1
19
342
1.1
18
18
1824
361
1.1
18.9
17
1875
2045
408
1.0
20.7
16
2082
2276
425
0.8
22.5
15
8000
enom
Sealing principle
Structure of Flange-joint is shown in Figure 10. Its sealing is realized through the flanges compressing the
sealing ring, which is achieved by fastening the bolts.
Joint features and application field
Flange joint is rigid joint with sound sealing performance. It is usually used in the following places, such as
the connection with pumps, valves, fire hydrant as well as crossing foundation, walls and so on.
By increasing the wall thickness class of the pipe and material of connecting bolts, etc., PFA of TF joint can reach 25bar.
Please consult us for detailed technical parameters.

Xinxing can provide flange (welded) components ranging from DN80 ~ DN2000. Length of flanged pipe and
the number and position of puddle flange would be customized according to customer requirements. For
detailed product information, please refer to Table 9.
Standards for Flange: ISO 7005-2 or EN 1092-2, for detailed dimensions please refer to:
For centrifugally cast pipes with welded flanges please refer to 6.2 Technical Parameters for Fittings
and Accessories(42);
For welded puddle flange please refer to 6.2 Technical Parameters for Fittings and
Accessories(43);
16
XINXING PIPES
17
Table 9 Flange welded Pipe Catalogue

Name
Symbol
1.7.1 Product description
Name
Symbol
Double flanged pipe
Double-spigot pipe with

puddle flange
Double flanged pipe with

puddle flange
Socket-spigot pipe with puddle

flange
Flanged spigot pipe
Flanged socket pipe
Flange spigot pipe with puddle

flange
Flanged socket Pipe with

Puddle Flange
Pipe structure
XTJ jacking pipe, as shown in Figure 11, is to make a tubular reinforced concrete protective jacket on the
external wall of T-type joint pipe. Theres a jacking flange welded on the spigot of the pipe. During the pipe
jacking, the pushing force is evenly passed from the flange with ribbed plate welded at the spigot to the
socket, thus ensuring the pushing operation will not cause deformation of the spigot and will not damage the
outer protective sleeve;
Application field
XTJ jacking pipes are applied when the pipeline need to cross obstructions such as roads, railways, rivers
and buildings, while trench excavation is not allowed or difficult to prepare on the construction site.
XTJ jacking pipe adopts T-type flexible joint. It features sound sealing performance, faster installation,
Allowable operating pressure for welded flanged pipes of K9:

DN80~DN1200
PN10/PN16/PN25
DN1400~DN1600
PN10/PN16
DN1800~DN2000
PN10
more reliable internal and external anti-corrosion coating, and is adaptive to various soil environments and
different transmitted media.
1.7 XTJ ductile iron jacking pipe
Flange
Concrete cement
Stiffened plate
Spigot
Rubber gasket
Socket
Figure 11 XTJ ductile iron jacking pipe structure
18
XINXING PIPES
19
1.8 External anti-corrosion coating

Technical parameters of XTJ jacking pipes are shown in Figure 12 and Table 10;
A
1.8.1 Soil aggressivity
DE
1.8.1.1 Soil aggressivity evaluation

Lu
on which initial analysis shall be formed on the corrosivity of the soil. Then, through on-site examination,
Table 10 Technical Parameters of XTJ Ductile Iron Jacking Pipe

DN
Wall
thickness
class
250
DE
mm
D
mm
A
mm
274
344
100
300
326
399
105
350
378
450
105
400
429
504
105
450
480
553
115
500
532
618
115
600
635
728
115
700
738
853
145
K9
800
842
959
155
900
945
1067
170
1000
1048
1173
180
1200
1255
1400
210
1400
1462
1604
237
1600
1668
1825
261
1800
1875
2047
292
2000
2082
2266
314
Lu
mm
Total
weight
kg
4000
518
6000
773
4000
639
6000
953
4000
767
6000
1145
4000
907
6000
1353
4000
1046
6000
1556
4000
1268
6000
1890
4000
1626
6000
2423
4000
2281
6000
3385
4000
2661
6000
3992
4000
3171
6000
4706
4000
3685
6000
5376
4000
5046
6000
7349
4000
6154
6000
8963
4000
7749
6000
11255
4000
9523
6000
13826
4000
11352
6000
16459
further analysis shall be made. Finally, through lab-test of the sample soil, precise judgement will be made.
Allowable jacking force
XINXING PIPES
Data collection
kN
Tonf
920
94
1240
127
1270
129
1350
138
1560
159
1910
195
corrosive sewage discharged from livestock farms, wineries, paper mills and other factories, or from local
2720
278
residence.
2720
277
3300
337
4140
422
5080
518
7240
739
9020
920
12360
1261
12360
1261
16970
1731
Collect the topographical information for the area of pipeline burrial, such as the distribution and
altitudes of level ground, hills, swamp lands, paddy fields, rivers and beaches, soil types of various regions,
transitional areas of two different soils and the terrains with great changes. For example, in the dry area in
high altitude, the soil tends to be less aggressive; while in damp areas in low altitude such as ponds, lakes,
marshes and peat beds, the soil tends to be more aggressive due to rich humic acid and anaerobes. In the
river mouths, lowland, marshes, saline and alkaline lands and other regions along the sea, the aggressivity
of soil is probably high.
Collect potential corrosive elements for the embedded ductile iron pipes along the pipeline, including
Collect potential disturbing power sources near the pipelines that probably corrode ductile iron pipes,
A. The jacking pipe with grouting hole can be provided according to customer requirements;
B. We could also supply jacking pipe with other wall thickness class. Please contact us for detailed technical parameters.
20
soil, and soil polarity caused by local topographical and backfilling. Therefore, technicians should familiarize
themselves with the topographical and geography of the targeted area through topographical map, based
Figure 12 XTJ ductile iron jacking pipe
Dimensions
Pipelines buried will be exposed to various corrosive elements, including the aggressive soil and backfilled
such as power plants, substations, HV transmission lines, and other forms of DC and AC interfering power
sources.
Gather local meteorological data, including maximum and minimum temperature, average temperature
per year, soil temperature at the burial depth of ductile iron pipes, soil freezing depth, underground water
level, rainfall volume and sunlight intensity, etc.
A report shall be issued with information mentioned above for the reference of designers.
Site surveys
The selection of site surveys shall be based on following principles:
a. At least 2 test points shall be chosen for every soil type;
b. For the same type of soil, one test point shall be chosen every 400~500m;
c. Test points shall be typical for the topographical features of the area along the pipeline;
d. Mark test points on the general pipeline layout plan to make a soil survey test point distribution plan.
21
Identify soil texture, color and appearance
1.8.2.1 Zinc+HCPE finishing layer
Investigate the status of underground water and backfill soil
Product description
Soil resistivity test: soil resistivity, as an important index of evaluating soil aggressivity, is a
Zinc coating used as external protection has proved to be one of the most effective anti-corrosion solutions
comprehensive factor of soil water content and salt content, and reflects soil conductivity. In general, the
throughout the world. It can prolong the service life of pipelines. Standard anti-corrosion coating provided
smaller the soil resistivity is, the stronger the soil aggressivity is. AC quadrupole test method is adopted on
by Xinxing is metallic zinc coating applied by electric arc (C-class pipe 200g/m2, K-class pipe 130g/m2). A
the site.
HCPE finishing layer of at least 70um thickness will be sprayed outside the zinc coating. Structure of such
ORP test (Eh7): oxidation reduction potential is an index that can reflect comprehensively oxidation
coating solution is shown in Figure 13. The finishing layer is in porous structure, as shown in Figure 14.
reduction degree, which has a lot to do with the activity of bacteria in the soil. To certain extent, the lower
Finishing layer
Eh7 is, the greater corrosive action of sulphate reducing bacteria on metals is. Therefore, oxidation
Metallic zinc
Cast iron pipe
reduction potential can become an index of soil microbiological corrosion under the condition of strong
reducibility.
Laboratory analysis
Laboratory analysis is supplementary to the analysis mentioned above. Chemical analysis conducted in the
laboratory mainly includes the following items:
pH value, total soluble salt, moisture content, soil bulk density, air content, Cl-, SO42-, S2-, microorganisms,
etc.
Figure 13 Zinc+HCPE finishing layer
1.8.2 Selection of external coating
Anti-corrosion mechanism
Zinc coating is the basic external coating solution provided by Xinxing. It features satisfactory anti-corrosion
Active anti-corrosion : Sacrifice zinc anode to protect ductile iron cathode.
performance in most of the soil environments. However, in strong corrosive soil where zinc coating
Stable protective layer: Zinc will corrode gradually to generate insoluble zinc salt in the process of
would not be enough, PE sleeve will be used as additional anti-corrosive coating; or special coatings and
contacting with environmental soil, which will tightly adhere to the pipe walls so as to form a layer of
other strong anti-corrosion methods shall be taken to protect the pipelines. Xinxing can help customers
continuous, tight and insoluble protective film that is impermeable.
design cost-effective external anti-corrosion solutions for pipelines that can fulfill requirements of the soil
environment. Table 11 is a proposed anti-corrosion coating solution based on different corrosion levels of
Pore-sealer
the soil.
Zinc
Ductile iron pipe wall
Table 11 External Coating Solution for Soils at Different Corrosion Levels

Corrosion level
Pipelines
generality (most of the soil belongs to this level)
Zinc+HCPE finishing layer
corrosive
Zn-Al rare earth alloy + blue epoxy coating

Zinc + HCPE finishing layer + PE sleeve
highly corrosive
special coating (PU coating)
Figure 14 Porous structure of the coating solution of Zinc+HCPE finishing layer
The porous finishing layer sprayed on zinc coating also plays an important role. It is good for cathodic
protection and self-healing, and also for converted products of zinc to generate stable and tight insoluble
protective film.
22
XINXING PIPES
23
Self-healing of damaged zinc coating: Some pipes may be locally damaged probably during transportation
Epoxy coating
Zn-Al rare earth alloy
or installation. Zinc will transform into zinc ion rapidly under the action of primary cells. Zinc ion can migrate
Cast iron pipe

through pores of finishing layer and cover the damaged portions, generating stable and insoluble protective
layer, as shown in Figure 15.
Zinc corrosion products
Current
Zn++ ions
Pores of finishing layer

Metallic zinc coating
Cast iron
Damage
Figure 16 Zn-Al rare earth alloy + blue epoxy coating
Figure 15
In short, zinc coating plays an important role of anti-corrosion: on one hand, it will generate tight insoluble
protective film which will adhere to pipe walls, thereby reducing electrochemical corrosion to great extent;
Active anti-corrosion: Just like pure zinc, Zn-Al rare earth alloy is also a kind of active anti-corrosion
coating.
on the other hand, the anti-corrosion performance of zinc coating and finishing layer also is reflected on
Stable protective layer: Being similar with zinc coating, a layer of continuous, impermeable and insoluble
their mutual action. There is excellent adhesiveness between zinc and cast iron & zinc and finishing layer,
protective film that is hardly penetrated forms on ductile iron pipe walls. Aluminum in the alloy features
forming a complete protective screen between pipe and the external environment, and preventing anti-
inactivation, and it can reduce the consumption rate of zinc even in the soil with high corrosivity; the addition
corrosion failure.
of a small amount of rare earth element (Re) can purify the coating structure to reduce active points of the
Application field
surface during the coating corrosion; it can also refine the crystal grains and reduce porosity of the coating
This kind of coating is applicable to most of the soil environments with slight aggressivity.
so as to compact the coating structures, thereby reducing the corrosion passages, as shown in Figure 17.
Standards:
ISO 2531, ISO 8179, GB /T 13295, GB/T 17456, EN 545
Blue epoxy
Zn-Al rare earth alloy
1.8.2.2 Zn-Al rare earth alloy + blue epoxy coating

Product description
Zn-Al rare earth alloy (i.e. add trace amount of rare earth element in 85Zn15Al) is sprayed on the surface
of ductile iron pipes by electric arc with the coating mass of 400g/m2; epoxy coating (at least 100m in
Figure 17 Porous structure of the coating solution of Zn-Al rare earth alloy + blue epoxy coating
thickness) is sprayed on the alloy coating so as to form active anti-corrosion coating. Coating structure is
shown in Figure 16.
24
XINXING PIPES
25
Zn-Al rare earth alloy coating features self-healing effect just like coating zinc.
1.8.2.3 Polyurethane coating

Product description:
Advantages of Zn-Al rare earth alloy coating
PU coating of ductile iron pipe and fitting is formed by the PU material sprayed and cured on the surface
Due to the addition of rare earth, Zn-Al rare earth alloy coating features the following advantages compared
of pipe/fitting that is bi-component, solvent-free and 100% solid. This kind of coating has excellent anti-
with Zn-Al alloy coating:
corrosion performance, high impact resistance and wearing resistance, which is applicable to the soil with
very strong aggressivity and all other types of the soil.
Reinforcement effect
With strong chemical activity, rare earth element can react with many elements in Zn-Al alloy to generate
Coating structure is shown in Figure 18
intermetallic compounds with strong hardness. Distributed in crystal boundary in a mesh pattern, these
compounds can hinder creep slip, thereby improving the hardness and wear-resistant property of alloy
Epoxy coating
coating to prolong the service life significantly.
PU coating
Refining effect
During solidification of the coating, rare-earth element can reduce the surface tension of plating solution
to increase the crystal core so as to refine the crystalline grains. Such fine eutectic structures can prevent
the extension of cracks, even the structures and eliminate bare spots on the surface of coating. This is
the important mechanism of rare earth to improve the plasticity and flexibility of the coating, and it is also a
special feature of the rare-earth alloy coating.
Anti-corrosion performance
Re element can refine microstructure of the coating and reduce its porosity. Meanwhile, it can strengthen
Zn-Al alloy coating. Therefore, addition of a small amount of Re element can further improve the anticorrosion performance of Zn-Al alloy coating.
Figure 18 External PU coating
Coating thickness is as specified in Table 12

Table 12 Thickness of External PU Coating
Application field
Dimensions in micrometers
Zn-Al rare earth alloy coating is an enhanced anti-corrosion solution. It is applicable to the soil with strong
aggressivity (i.e. soil with low resistivity, soil influenced by underground water or mixed soil), where PE
sleeve is not needed, except the following situations:
Acid peat soil;
Soil containing garbage, oxide skin and slag, or soil polluted by waste water and industrial effluent;
Soil below the sea level and with resistivity less than 500cm.
When applied to the soil types listed above, including the one with stray current, other type of external
coatings (such as PU coating) will be recommended.
XINXING PIPES
Average thickness
Minimum thickness
pipe body
PU coating
900
700
socket and spigot
epoxy coating
250
200
Requirements for material

PU coating: complying with EN 15189.
Epoxy coating: complying with EN 14901 and certified by WRAS for BS 6920.
Xinxing can provide products ranging from DN80 ~ DN2600.
ISO 2531, GB /T 13295 and EN 545
Adopted material
Specification range
Standards:
26
Location
27
Additional protection
For the soil with very strong aggressivity, proper additional protection shall be made for the joints during
installation of pipelines, e.g. application of external heating shrink sleeve.
Properties of PU coating are shown in Table 13
Table 13 Properties of External PU Coating

No.
Test item
Water resistance
Requirement
Less than 15% weight increase after immersion in 50 deionzed water
Less than 2% weight loss after drying
1
Chemical resistance
Less than 10% weight increase after immersion in 10% H2SO4 for 100 days
The weight change4% after drying.
Impact strength
8 J/ mm of PU on the pipe body coated with polyurethane,the PU coating

shall be free from damage.
Indentation hardness
Under 10Mpa pressure, the depth of indentation<10 %
Elongation at break
2.5%
Specific coating resistance
10 m
The ratio (resistance after 100 days)/

(resistance after 70 days)
0.8
Non-porosity
When tested with 4.2kV voltage,the PU coating shall be free from porosity.
Hardness
Shore D>70
Adhesion
Adhesion11 MPa at 23
Advantages of PU coating
With strong mechanical strength, rock impact resistance and soil stress resistance, it can hardly be
damaged during handling and installation.
Due to good water resistance and zero anti-permeability coefficient, the coating wont suffer from shellfish
erosion when applied in the marine environment for a long time.
Due to its good performance in chemical resistance and electric corrosion resistance, ductile iron pipes
with PU coating can be applied to complicated soil environment, with prolonged life span.
Application field
Pipes and fittings with PU coating can be applied to the soil environment with very strong aggressivity and
all other types of soil listed below:
Humid regions such as harbor and marshes;
Hydrous area that is salty and alkaline etc.
Standards:
ISO 2531, GB /T 13295, GB/T 24596, EN 545 and EN 15189
28
XINXING PIPES
29
1.8.2.4 Polyethylene sleeve

Product description:
PE sleeve is the Polyethylene or a mixture of polyethylene and/or ethylene and olefin copolymers sleeve (film)
with thickness of 0.2mm that is wrapped on external walls of the pipe on the construction site. It can prevent
direct contact between cast iron pipes and the soil. Meanwhile, it also prevents underground moisture from
corroding the pipelines. It is used to supplement the basic pipe coating (metalic Znic + HCPE finishing layer)
in certain case of highly corrosive soils or in the presence of stray current.

The properties of polyethylene sleeve listed in table 14:
Table 14 Properties for PE Sleeve (film)
Test item
Test result
Test standard
200
ISO 8180
Material density(kg/m )
910~935
ISO 1183-1
Impact resistance(g)
900
ISO 7765-1 Method A
Tensile strength(MPa)
20
ISO 527-3 Type 2
Elongation(%)
500
ISO 527-3 Type 2
Propagation and tear resistance/(N)
20
ISO 6383-2
Thickness(m)
3
Specification range
This kind of anti-corrosion coating is applicable to ductile iron pipes of all sizes.
The anti-corrosion mechanisms for PE sleeve (film) wrapped outside zinc coating are as following:
First of all, PE sleeve can separate the pipelines from corrosive soil and inhibit the generation of
electrochemical cell. At the same time, it can also isolate stray current.
The PE sleeve is a kind of anti-corrosion method whose performance is achieved through the changing
of corrosive environment: it can change the corrosive environment from non-homogeneous soil with strong
aggressivity into one that is homogeneous with weak aggressivity.
Application fields
It is suggested to adopt this kind of protective layer for corrosive soil, for example:
Soil with low resistivity (with indicator of high aggressivity);
Regions with stray current;
Regions with high chlorine or sulphur content or active bacteria indicated by the analysis.
Standards:
ISO 2531, ISO 8180 and GB /T 13295
30
XINXING PIPES
31
1.9 Internal lining
Usually, various types of water are available to be supplied. Sometimes, it is water with low mineral content
The internal lining of ductile iron pipes must be equipped with excellent hydraulic and anti-corrosion
Xinxing can provide ductile iron pipes with various internal linings, which are applicable for the conduction
performance. Factors such as corrosivity, flow speed and environment temperature of the conveyed fluid
of various types of water; based on the features of delivered water, proper lining materials (such as cement
have to be taken into consideration while choosing the pipe lining. Surface smoothness is also one of the
mortar lining, cement mortar lining with epoxy seal coat, PU lining, or ceramic epoxy lining) shall be chosen
features that to be taken into consideration.
through calculation and analysis.
(e.g. soft water), which may attack the materials just like corrosive or aggressive water.
Adopted for the delivery of potable water, the anti-corrosion lining of ductile iron pipes should be nontoxic.
This is the most basic requirement for the choice of lining.
While adopted for sewerage delivery, the anti-corrosion performance that features microorganism resistance
and liquid erosion resistance becomes very important for the lining. And it is those linings with high abrasion
resistance and strong acid resistance (especially sulfuric acid resistance) that can provide long-term,
reliable protection for the pipes.
1.9.2 Materials in contact with potable water

The materials in contact with potable water shall not influence water quality.
All above materials adopted by Xinxing for ductile iron pipes have passed the WRC-NSF test of BS6920 of
the U.K. and WRAS certification, which proves that these materials can be used for the delivery of portable
water.
Lining materials for ductile iron pipes provided by Xinxing are listed in Table 15.
Table 15 Lining Materials
Material
1.9.1 Evaluation on aggressivity of water for ductile iron pipes

Corrosivity of water
Water can be divided into corrosive water (propersity to attack exposed metal) and aggressive water
(propersity to attack cement mortar lining).
Application Area
Linings of ductile iron pipe and fitting
Solvent-free PU
Special linings for ductile iron pipe and fitting
Water borne epoxy coating
Seal coat
Epoxy coating
Socket and spigot of pipes with special coating
Rubber gasket
Sealing rings for joints of pipes and fittings
1.9.3 Lining selection

As per the corrosivity of delivered water, anti-corrosion linings of the ductile iron pipes and fittings provided
by Xinxing can be divided into three categories:
Corrosive water
Corrosive water refers to water that corrodes the metal of pipe without lining. Oxygen contained in most of
the water can react chemically with iron, which causes its oxidization, generating nodules and tuberculation
on internal pipe wall. It will reduce the pipe cross section and significantly cause water head losses
increasing over time. This phenomenon often happens in the old pipe without cement mortar lining.
Standard lining: Applicable for most raw water and portable water;
Reinforced anti-corrosion lining: Applicable for water which can attack ordinary cement (soft water,
slightly acidic water or highly abrosive water);
Special lining: Applicable for very special cases or corrosive water (e.g. industrial discharged water)
Xinxing will recommend proper internal linings based on water composition analysis. Table 16 summarizes
Aggressive water
Aggressive water is the water that corrodes calcareous materials (such as cement). Based on chemical
the types of anti-corrosion linings of Xinxing.
analysis, three results will be caused by the changes in mineral content, pH value and temperature of the
water:
Table 16 Types of Lining
Under the given temperature, the water with calcium-carbon balance will neither cause attack nor calciumcarbon deposition.
Scale deposition water tends to generate calcium salt deposition (e.g. calcium carbonate) on the internal
surface of pipe.
Aggressive water can attack the cement mortar containing calcium (e.g. lime, calcium carbonate, or
aluminum silicate, etc.).
According to the relevant international standards, potable water can be neither corrosive nor aggressive.
32
XINXING PIPES
Lining type
Lining material
Standard lining
Portland cement mortar lining

High-alumina cement mortar lining
Enhanced lining
Sulphur resistant cement mortar lining

Cement mortar lining + seal coat
Special lining
PU, ceramic epoxy lining
33
1.9.4 Cement mortar lining
Features of cement mortar lining
Product description
Self-healing
Cement mortar lining of ductile iron pipes is applied through centrifugal application method:
On contraction of the lining,the formation of cracks and radial displacements cannot be avoided,these
When pipes are rotating on the lining machine, certain amount of cement mortar is poured into the pipes.
cracks and radial displacements together with other isolated cracks which may result from manufacture
Through high-speed revolution under the centrifugal force, such cement mortar will fully cling to the
or may develop during transportation,storage or laying,but these cracks shall not be detrimental to the
internal surface of pipe, forming a dense and smooth lining with uniform thickness, which can provide
mechanical stability of the lining.
good mechanical properties after curing for certain amount of time. Thickness of cement mortar lining shall
When the pipe with cement mortar lining contact water, these cracks and radial displacement will be closed
comply with specifications in Table 17.
and healed along with expansion of the linings and continuous hydration of cement; therefore, the anticorrosion effect wont be influenced.
Table 17 Thickness of Cement Mortar Lining

Lining thickness
Minimum thickness at one point
mm
DN
Nominal thickness
mm
80300
350600
7001200
3.5
14002000
22002600
12
Good mechanical property

Expansion coefficient
The linear thermal expansion coefficient of cement mortar lining is 12 x 10-6/ , which is almost equal to
that of ductile iron (11 x 10-6/ ). Therefore, it can reduce the risk of crack generation due to difference of
thermal expansion coefficients.
Good adherence and anti-vacuum performance
Good resistance to longitudinal bending and to ovality
Good resistance to vibration and impact
The value above complying with ISO 4179
With excellent abrasion resistance, cement mortar lining can be used to convey raw water with highly
abrasive particles
Requirements for materials
Excellent hydraulic performance
Different types of cement can be chosen for the
Xinxing adopts centrifugal processing technology for its production of ductile iron pipes with cement mortar
cement mortar lining of ductile iron pipe on the basis
linings, which contributes to the linings smoothness. According to the test of Testing Center of China
of delivered water, such as ordinary cement (silicate,
Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, the equivalent roughness K of such lining is
Portland), sulphur resistant cement (including slag
0.030mm. Taking into consideration of the roughness caused by fittings, valves and other devices, as well
1.8
cement), and high-alumina cement.

As an active anti-corrosion coating, cement mortar
lining possesses long-term anti-corrosion effect.
The anti-corrosion mechanism is that cement
mortar lining can release alkaline substance upon
its contact with water. Such substance will gather
on internal surface of ductile iron pipe, resulting in
1.0
0
-0.2
19. Therefore, this kind of lining mainly relies upon

its alkaline environment to passivate internal wall
of ductile iron pipe, so as to achieve corrosion
resistance.
34
XINXING PIPES
Application fields
Table 18 shows the substances that can be conveyed by various cement mortar linings.
Fe
3+
0.6
Fe2+
a
Ductile iron pipe with common silicate cement mortar lining is applicable for water-supply project;
(cor
Ductile iron pipe with sulphur resistant cement mortar lining is applicable for water supply project and
Fe2O3
rosio
(passivation)
n)
-0.6
water transmission project with water quality listed in Table 18;

Ductile iron pipes with high-alumina cement mortar lining are applicable for the conduction of sewages
Fe3 O
Fe
its passivation, so as to provide electrochemical

protection for base material, as shown in Figure
as the tolerance, it is suggested that the value of K selected as 0.10mm for the design purpose.
b
potential V(S.H.E)
Fe3O4
and industrial wastewater containing certain chemical substances. Nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) gasket
HFeO2-
(immunity)
will be used as accessories for sewage pipelines.
-1.4
-2
0 1
11
13
15
PH
Figure 19 Potential-pH diagram of Fe/H2O
system (Peurbax diagram)
35
Table 18 Conveyable Substances of Different Cement Mortar Linings
1.9.5 Cement mortar lining +epoxy seal coat
Water properties
Silicate cement mortar lining
Sulphur resistant cement

mortar lining
High-alumina cement mortar

lining
pH
5.5
Corrosive CO2(mg/l)
15
unlimited
SO42-(mg/l)
400
3000
unlimited
Mg2+(mg/l)
100
500
unlimited
NH4+(mg/l)
30
30
unlimited
1.9.5.1 Product description

As shown in Figure 20, cement mortar lining with epoxy seal coat is formed by the curing of water borned
epoxy spayed on the surface of cement mortar lining. Generally, the thickness of epoxy seal coat around
70um except for special requirements. With excellent anti-corrosion performance, this kind of lining can
ensure the delivered water against pollution.
Standards:
ISO 2531, ISO 7186, ISO 4179, GB /T 13295, GB /T 26081, GB /T 17457, EN 545 and EN 598
Lining structure
Finish coating
Zinc
Epoxy seal coats
Figure 20 Cement mortar lining +epoxy seal coat
36
XINXING PIPES
37
1.9.5.3 Product features
Material of seal coat: pass WRCNSF sanitary test of BS6920 and WRAS certification.
Excellent corrosion resistance
Specification range
With combined performance of active and passive anti-corrosion, in case epoxy seal coat is damaged or
Xinxing can provide DN80~DN2600 full range of products
some voids exist in the seal coat, cement mortar lining can provide active anti-corrosion protection, thus
Certification
enabling the coating solution with long-term corrosion resistance performance.
In compliance with requirements of ISO 16132:2004, it can prevent pH value from increasing in the initial
With excellent alkali resistance, it can withstand the alkaline environment of cement mortar linings in long
period of water introduction and prolong service life of the lining, thus guarantee water quality. We have
run; with excellent acid resistance, it can withstand the erosion of delivered water (e.g. weak acidic water).
obtained BV certification on this standard.
Inhibit precipitation of alkaline substances

After 3-months closed cyclic test conducted under conditions of 6 bar pressure and 2m/s flow velocity, the
1.9.5.2 Anti-corrosion mechanism
pH of the test water is far less than 9.5 as required by ISO 16132 (Figure 22 below shows testing procedure
and testing apparatus ).
Anti-corrosion mechanism for cement mortar lining with epoxy seal coat
Structure of cement mortar lining with epoxy seal coat is shown in Figure 21. Ductile iron pipes with cement
The result of short-term sealing performance test is around 8.2, which is far less than the requirement of
mortar lining plus epoxy seal coat combine active anti-corrosion with passive anti-corrosion. On one
pH9.5 specified by ISO 16132.
hand, epoxy seal coat provides a physical barrier for internal wall of ductile iron pipe, which can reduce
water contacting with or isolate water from the internal wall of ductile iron pipe, namely passive corrosion
resistance;on the other hand, this kind of lining can also slow down or stop releasing alkaline substances
from the cement mortar into water, so it can ensure alkaline substancess enrich on internal wall of ductile
iron pipe, and thereby provide chemical protection by means of passivation, namely active corrosion
3
resistance. In this way, long-term corrosion resistance can be provided for this lining.
13
Epoxy seal coat

Cement lining
Ca(OH)2
Ca(OH)2
Ca(OH)2
14
Stop or slow down releasing alkaline substances from the cement mortar
Ca(OH)2
10
11
12
Ca(OH)2
Figure 22 Sealing performance test
Safe and environmental friendly

Figure 21 Structure of cement mortar lining with epoxy seal coat
The epoxy seal coat doesnt contain any organic solvent, thus wont pollute the environment or cause harm
to constructors;
The seal coat is non-toxic after curing, neither polluting water nor producing substances harmful to peoples
health.
It has passed British WRAS sanitary property test of BS6920.
The water-bored epoxy coating is compatible with drinking water and has passed WRC-NSF Sanitary test of
BS 6920 and WRAS certification.
38
XINXING PIPES
39
Friction reducing affect
Lining structure
Cement mortar lining with epoxy seal coat is smoother than cement mortar lining, which can reduce the
Metallic zinc
friction resistance. Xinxing has entrusted an authorized testing organization to test roughness coefficient
Cast iron pipe

PU lining
of ductile iron pipes with cement mortar lining epoxy seal coat, and the result shows that its roughness
Epoxy coating
coefficient of K is 0.020mm, which is lower than K of cement mortar lining (K=0.03mm).
1.9.5.4 Application field

It is applicable for branch pipelines with small diameter,for example, the small- diameter pipeline network in
small towns where the water tends to stay in the pipelines for longer time;
It is in compliance with green, low-carbon and environment-friendly development direction of ductile iron
pipe industry;
It can be upgraded product to replace the traditional ductile iron pipe with cement mortar lining.
1.9.5.5 Standards
Figure 23 Ductile iron pipe with PU lining
Applicable standards for ductile iron pipes and fittings: ISO 2531, GB/T 13295 and EN 545
Applicable standard for seal coat of ductile iron pipe with cement lining: ISO 16132
Lining thickness
The thickness of PU lining varies with water quality and pipe diameter. The thickness of the linings are
shown in Table 19 and Table 20:
1.9.6 Polyurethane lining
Table 19 Lining Thickness of Pipes and Fittings Applied to Portable Water Delivery as Required in ISO 2531
Socket and spigot

(contacting with water)
Pipe body
PU lining of ductile iron pipe and fitting is formed by the PU material sprayed and cured on the surface of
DN
pipe/fitting bodies that is bi-component, solvent-free system. This kind of lining has excellent anti-corrosion
Average
thickness m
performance and wearing resistance, as well as high impact resistance specific to various transmission
mediums (such as portable water, wastewater, softened water, municipal sewage, and industrial
80~200
1300
wastewater), which is applicable to all water supply projects and municipal sewage drainage projects from
200
1500
soft water to hard water.
Minimum
thickness
m
Average
thickness
m
Minimum
thickness
m
Minimum thickness
m
800
300
250
150
Table 20 Lining Thickness of Pipes and Fittings Applied to Sewage Water Delivery as Required in ISO 7186
Socket and spigot
(contacting with water)
Pipe body
DN
40
XINXING PIPES
Socket and spigot

without contacting with
water
Average
thickness m
Minimum
thickness
m
80~200
1300
800
250~700
1500
800
700~1000
1800
1000
1000
2000
1000
Socket and spigot

without contacting with
water
Average
thickness
m
Minimum
thickness
m
Minimum thickness
m
300
250
150
41
Stability of PU lining

PU coating: complying with EN 15655, passing WRCNSF test of BS6920 and obtaining WRAS
PU lining of ductile iron pipe produced by Xinxing can provide excellent chemical stability and ageing
Certification.
resistance: the increased weight of coating wont exceed 4% after its immersion in 50 distilled water for
Epoxy coating: complying with EN 14901, passing WRC-NSF test of BS6920 and obtaining WRAS
180 days; the adhesion of PU lining is greater than 8MPa after it is exposed outdoor for 6 months.
Certificate.
Good flexibility
PU lining also has good flexibility, which can withstand the impact and deformation from transportation,
Specification range
installation or overload with deformation (ovalisation) in compliance with requirement of ISO 2531.
Xinxing can provide DN100~DN2600 full range of products
With smooth surface, it features small friction and excellent hydraulic performance. Xinxing has
Certification
PU linings of ductile iron pipes produced by Xinxing comply with requirements of GB/T 24596 and BS EN
entrusted authorized testing organization to test roughness coefficient of K of ductile iron pipes with PU
15655 and have passed BV certification.
linings, and the test result is 0.010mm. Considering roughness arising from fittings, valves and other
devices, as well as tolerance, it is suggested that K value shall be 0.050mm for the design purpose.
1.9.6.3 Properties of PU lining

PU lining produced by Xinxing complys with requirements of GB/T 24596 and BS EN 15655, as shown in
Table 21.
Table 21 Technical Requirements for PU Lining
No.
Test item
Water resistance
1
Chemical resistance
As a passive anti-corrosion coating, the effectiveness
Indirect impact strength
Ovality resistance
Less than 15% weight increase after immersion in 50

deionized water for 100 days.
Less than 2% weight loss after drying
Less than 10% weight increase after immersion in 50 10%
sulfuric acid for 100 days.
The weight change4% after drying
Impacted with energy E with the minimum value of 50J/mm, the PU lining shall be free
from damage.
DN
100~250
300~600
700~2000
Ovality of pipe
2%~4%
3%~6%
4%~8%
The coating shall be free from damage.
of PU lining depends on its sustainability, adhesion and

stability over time.
Elongation at break
2.5%
Continuity and sealing performances of PU linings:
Resistance of coating in
0.1M NaCl solution
108m2
with PU lining produced by Xinxing under the testing
Ratio of 100d
resistance/70d resistance
0.8
voltage of 6kV, which is higher than 4kV as specified in
Resistance to light ageing
Adhesion8 MPa after the lining is exposed outdoor for 6 months.
Non-porosity
When average thickness of the lining1500m, No breakdown with Holiday detector

at 3.0kv;
When average thickness of the lining>1500m,
Holiday test must be conducted for each ductile iron pipe
BS EN 15655, so as to guarantee the sustainability of PU

linings.
PU lining can provide excellent adhesion, where
No breakdown with Holiday detector at 4.0kv.
Xinxing requires that it shall be no less than 11MPa at

23 ;
42
Technical requirement
XINXING PIPES
Hardness
Shore D>70
10
Adhesion
At 20 , adhesion11 MPa
11
Abrasion resistance
The wearing depth of the lining0.2mm after 100000 movements (50000 cycles)
43
Lining thickness
Ductile iron pipes with PU linings can be used to deliver water as follows:
In order to ensure overall corrosion resistance of the pipe lining, the thickness of ceramic epoxy lining and
all types of portable water, sewage water with pH 1~13 and industrial water shown in Table 22:
coating of socket and spigot shall comply with requirements in the table 23:
Table 22 Characteristics of Water Conveyed
Table 23 Thickness of Ceramic Epoxy Lining
Transmitted medium
pH of transmitted medium
Portable water
1~13
Sewage water
1~13
Industrial water
13
Dimensions in micrometers
Socket and spigot (epoxy coating)

Pipe body (ceramic epoxy)
Area contacting with water
Area without contacting

with water
Minimum thickness
Minimum thickness
Minimum thickness
1000
250
150
Soft water or pure water, such as water desalted from seawater.

Maximum temperature of the substances transmitted by such lining is 45 .
Routine test
1.9.6.5 Standard
Applicable standards for ductile iron pipe and fitting: ISO 2531, ISO 7186, GB /T 13295, GB /T 26081, EN
545 and EN 598
Adhesion test: Ceramic epoxy lining possesses excellent adhesion. Xinxings requirement on adhesion
for such lining10MPa at 23.
Thickness test: Thickness test shall be conducted for each product.
Applicable standards for PU lining of ductile iron pipe: GB/T 24596 and EN 15655
Non-porosity: Each ductile iron pipe with ceramic epoxy lining shall be subject to holiday test under
3kv, so as to ensure the continuity of epoxy ceramic lining.
1.9.7 Ceramic epoxy lining

Ceramic epoxy is bi-component and solvent-free paint with ceramic fillers added at least 20% in volume;

The ceramic epoxy lining of ductile iron pipe and fitting
is formed by the ceramic epoxy paint sprayed on the
surface of pipe/fitting bodies that is bi-component,
Metallic zinc
Cast iron pipe
Ceramic epoxy lining
Epoxy coating
such fillers consist of quartz powder and aluminum oxide powder with different size proportion so as to
provide a hard and wearable ceramic lining.
Specification range
Xinxing can provide DN100~DN2600 full range of products.
solvent-free system. The thickness of the lining1000um.

Ceramic epoxy coating contains ceramic fillers at least
20% in volume, so this kind of the lining has excellent
With excellent anti-corrosion performance and abrasion resistance, the coating is featured as compact
anti-corrosion performance and abrasion resistance
and tough;
performance, as well as good anti-corrosion and abrasion
The coating surface is smooth as the mirror with small friction and excellent hydraulic performance. It
resistance performance to various transmission mediums
is suggested to take K as 0.050mm for design purpose;
(such as municipal sewage and industrial wastewater),
The coating is solvent-free, without volatile solvent released during usage, so it complies with safety
which is applicable to municipal sewage discharge Figure 24 Ductile Iron Pipes with ceramic epoxy lining
and environmental protection requirements.
projects.
Lining structure
1.9.7.3 Properties of linings

Table 24 shows the properties of ductile iron pipe with ceramic epoxy lining produced by Xinxing:
44
XINXING PIPES
45
1.10 Coating repairs
Table 24 Properties Ceramic Epoxy Lining

Item
Performance requirement
Test method
Abrasion depth after 100,000 movements

(or 50,000 cycles)
0.075mm
ISO 7186
Impact resistance
5J no damage of the coating can be found during

the visual inspection
ISO 6272-1
Water vapor permeability 30d
0.00
ASTM E96 method A
Salt spray resistance (scratch), 5% 30d
No blistering on the coating, no decrease for

adhesion, and no spreading of corrosion at
scratches.
ISO 7253
ISO 4628
Distilled water (70 )
No changes of the coating for 4 weeks
25% NaOH (60 )
20% H2SO4
Tap water (scratch)(50 )
no spreading of corrosion at scratches for 4 weeks
Chemical
resistance
1.10.1 Repairing Zinc coating + HCPE finishing layer/Zn-Al rare earth alloy + epoxy
coating
Repair such coatings consists of two steps:
Step 1: Repairing zinc coating/Zn-Al rare earth alloy coating
Step 2: Repairing blue epoxy coating or HCPE finishing layer
1.10.1.1 Repairing Zinc coating/Zn-Al rare earth alloy coating

ISO 4628 evaluation
Adhesion
10MPa
ISO 4624
Coating thickness
1000um
ISO 2808
Non-porosity
3KV
NACE PR0188
Equipment required
brush
paint brushes
roller
gas torch
Repairing paint:
Zinc-rich primer:10kg

It is applicable to municipal sewage and industrial wastewater discharge projects containing higher amount
of solid particles.
Procedures
Brush to remove dirt
1.9.7.5 Standard
Applicable standards for ductile iron pipes and fittings: ISO 7186, GB/T 26081 and EN 598
The temperature of surface to be repaired shall be 5 above the dew point at
least. In case that the surface is wet or the ambient temperature is very low, the
surface can be heated by gas torch so as to keep it dry and at least 5 above
the dew point.
According to the requirements in Zinc-Rich Primer Product Specification
provided by the supplier, the paint shall be mixed in proportion evenly and
brushed on the surface to be repaired. The coating thickness shall reach at
least 200g/m2 (When the coating is Zn-Al rare earth alloy, the thickness shall be
equivalent to the weight of Zn-Al rare earth alloy coat). The coating appearance
shall be smooth without bubble, void or other defect.
46
XINXING PIPES
47
1.10.1.2 Repairing blue epoxy coating /HCPE finishing layer
1.10.2 Repairing PU coating
Equipment required
brush
paint brushes
roller
gas torch
Repairing materials:
Blue epoxy paint - used to repair Zn-Al rare earth alloy + epoxy coating
HCPE anticorrosion paint - used to repair zinc coating + HCPE finishing layer
Equipment required
wire brush
paint brushes
spatula
chisel
rotary wire brush
gas torch
Repairing materials
SPUA-R300 solvent-free PU paint
Procedures
Remove the damaged coating and its surrounding coat
with poor adherence by knife or other tools and remain
the coat with sound adhesion and no defect. Clean the
surface of ductile iron with a motor wire brush or other
tool until its surface reaches St3. Brush away debris and
dust to keep the repair-to-be surface clean.
Procedures
The temperature of surface to be repaired shall be 5 above the dew point at

least. In case that the surface is wet or the ambient temperature is very low, the
surface can be heated by gas torch so as to keep it dry and at least 5 above
the dew point.
According to the requirements in product specification provided by the paint
supplier, the paint shall be mixed in proportion evenly, and brushed on the
surface to be repaired. The thickness of black finishing layer is at least 70
um, and the thickness of blue epoxy coating is at least 100um. The coating
appearance shall be smooth without bubble, void or other defect.
The temperature of surface to be repaired shall be 5

above the dew point at least. In case that the surface is
wet or the ambient temperature is very low, the surface
can be heated by gas torch so as to keep it dry and at
least 5 above the dew point.
According to the requirements in Product Specification

provided by the material supplier, the repairing material
shall be mixed evenly in proportion and brushed on the
surface to be repaired. The coating thickness shall be 700
um at least, and the coating appearance shall be smooth
without bubble, void or other defect.
48
XINXING PIPES
49
1.10.3 Repairing cement mortar lining
1.10.4 Repairing cement lining with epoxy seal coat

The repairing of this coating consists of two steps:
Step 1: Repairing cement mortar lining (see 1.10.3)
Equipment required
wire brush
paint brushes
Trowel
spatula
chiselhammer
palette knife
repair products
Step 2: Repairing epoxy seal coat

Repairing epoxy seal coat
Equipment required
brush
paint brushes
roller
Repair materials:
WB-108 epoxy paint (gray)
Procedures
Turn the area to be repaired to face upwards.
Remove the damaged area and surrounding hollow lining with
a hammer or driver.
The edges shall be vertical to the ductile iron pipe wall and
ductile iron surface shall be exposed.
A
B
20kg
4kg
Remove any loose debris with a wire brush

Clean the surface to be repaired thoroughly, including part of
the rusted substrate.
Wet the area to be repaired.
Wet cement mortar lining around the area to be repaired a few
minutes before the repairing work.
Procedures
Preparation of repairing material

Ratio of components
Material
Cement
Fine sand
Water
Proportion
Weight ratio A:B = 5:1
Stir component A before mixing. Weigh five portions of component A and one
portion of component B prior to use as required. Place them into a container.
Stir them at least 3 - 4 minutes with a blender or stirrer driven by low-speed
electric drill, until they are mixed evenly.
The ready mixture shall be used up at 25 within 2h. Otherwise, it shall be
discarded.
Weight ratio
100
200
35~40
Firstly mix two kinds of powder materials, and then add certain
amount of water, mixing to obtain the continuous slurry.
If necessary, add small amount of water according to the
viscosity.
Brush the ready paint on the surface to be repaired with thickness of gray
epoxy seal coat of 70 um. The coating appearance shall be smooth without
bubble, void or other defect.
Fill the defective parts with new mortar, smear the mortar
on it to a uniform thickness with a trowel and make it dense.
Operate evenly to obtain flat and smooth surface. If required,
regularly water the trowel to facilitate troweling
The coating shall be naturally cured above 5 ; In case that temperature is

too low, it is necessary to appropriately heat the coating for cure.
The repaired part shall be fully cured and not exposed in

sunshine. It shall be covered with plastic cloth to keep the
humidity
50
XINXING PIPES
51
1.10.5 Repairing ceramic epoxy(PU)lining

Tools required
wire brush
paint brush
spatula
chisel
motor wire brush
gas torch
Repairing materials
Solvent-free ceramic epoxy repair material for ceramic epoxy lining;
SPUA-R400 hand brush polyurethane for PU lining.
Procedures
Remove the damaged coating and its surrounding coat with poor adherence
with knife or other tools and remain the coat with sound adhesion and no
defect.
Clean the substrate of ductile iron base with a motor wire brush or other tool
until its surface reaches St3.
Brush away debris and dust to keep the repair-to-be surface clean.
The temperature of the surface to be repaired shall be 5 above the dew point
at least. In case that the surface is wet or the ambient temperature is very low,
the surface can be heated by gas torch so as to keep it dry and at least 5
above the dew point.
According to the requirements in Product Specification provided by the material

supplier, the repairmaterial shall be mixed evenly in proportion and brushed on
the surface to be repaired. The coating thickness shall be at least 1000um, and
the coating appearance shall be smooth without bubble, void or other defect.
52
XINXING PIPES
53
Chapter II
Manufacturing
Process and
Quality Control
System
54
XINXING PIPES
55
2.1 Manufacturing Process
Chapter II
Manufacturing
Process and
Quality Control
System
56
XINXING PIPES
58
2.1.1 Preparation of molten iron

2.1.2 Pipe casting
2.1.3 Finishing / coatings
2.2 Quality Control System
62
2.2.1 Production procedure of ductile iron pipe

2.2.2 Quality control and inspection frequency
2.2.3 Joint performance test
57
2.1 Manufacturing Process
The metal-stream inoculation is performed along with the centrifugal casting simultaneously.
2.1.2 Pipe casting

Molten iron from
blast furnace
Composition adjustment
in the electric furnace
Spheroidizing
2.1.2.1 Preparation of sand cores
Centrifugal casting
The pipes with different joints are produced with pipe molds
with different joint-sand-cores. The core sand mixed with resin
is added into the sand core mold, tamped and solidified for the
Pressure test
Polishing
Zinc coating
Annealing
Weighing
centrifugal casting.
Sand cores
2.1.2.2 Centrifugal casting

The high-quality ductile iron pipe is produced by the centrifugal casting process: After spheroidization, the
qualified high-temperature molten iron flows through a launder into the metal mold rotating at high speed,
Curing
Spray of external
finishing layer
Packing storage
Figure 1 Manufacturing process for ductile iron pipe
2.1.1 Preparation of molten iron
and then is distributed on the internal surface of metal mold under the centrifugal force, finally it is solidified
into a pipe. The impurities and gas in molten iron is sufficiently excluded due to the centrifugal force. The
gradual inward solidification makes the pipe wall extremely dense, so as to save materials to the most and
improve the mechanical properties of pipe.
2.1.1.1 Molten iron smelting

The Fe in the iron ore is reduced in the blast furnace, which will also keep suitable composition of Si, Mn, S,
P, and other trace elements in molten iron.
With the storage function, the metal mixer can be utilized between the blast furnace and electric furnace for
the buffering and thermal insulation, so as to obtain the suitable composition of molten iron.
The composition and temperature of molten iron can be adjusted in
the electric furnace to achieve suitable values for spheroidisation.
2.1.1.2 Spheroidization and inoculation

After the molten irons spheroidization through the addition of
2.1.2.3 Annealing
magnesium, the precipitated graphite will change its form from
Annealing treatment is a necessary and important procedure during production of ductile iron pipe.
flake to spheroid during solidification, thus avoiding incision of flake

graphite to the continuity of iron matrix, so that enabling the ductile
Spheroidization of molten iron
Generally, the elongation of ductile iron pipe by centrifugal casting is 2~5%, inferior to the requirement
specified by ISO 2531. In order to enhance elongation, the cast pipe shall be annealed, that is, the pipe
iron with excellent ductility, flexibility and impact resistance.
is heated to certain temperature in the annealing furnace, and then cooled to below certain temperature
Inoculation is an important procedure during production of ductile
along with the proper annealing curve, and continuously cooled in ambient temperature. After the annealing
iron, through which graphite in the ductile iron can become more
treatment, the mechanical properties of ductile iron pipe can reach the indexes in the Table 1 and comply
rounded and refined, so that the spheroidizing level can be
with ISO 2531:
elevated, and the pipe wall can become denser in structure; in

addition, the product plasticity and toughness can be improved too.
58
XINXING PIPES
Component analysis
59
Table 1 Mechanical Properties of Ductile Iron Pipes
Type of casting
Minimum tensile strength

Rm
MPa
2.1.3.2 Hydrostatic test

Each ductile iron pipe and fitting manufactured by Xinxing shall be subject to hydrostatic test in accordance
Minimum elongation
A
%
with ISO 2531, qualified result of which is the prerequisite for the products entering into the next procedure.
DN80~2000
DN80~1000
DN1100~2000
Centrifugal ductile iron pipe
420
10
Fittings, non-centrifugal ductile

iron pipe
420
Note: 1. The yield strength (RP 0.2) can be measured by agreement between the supplier and purchaser. Where:
RP 0.2 270MPa, when A 12% for DN80 ~ 1000; or RP 0.2 270MPa, whenA 10% for DN 1000 and above.
RP 0.2 300MPa under other conditions.
2. For centrifugal ductile iron pipes between DN 80 ~ 1000,when the wall thickness class is above K12, minimum
elongation is 7%.
2.1.3.3 Cement mortar and other lining

Taking into consideration the sanitation requirements of urban water supply to prevent water pollution
against rust, it is necessary to conduct anti-corrosion protection for pipe from inside through application
of internal lining. Without special requirement, all ductile iron pipes produced by Xinxing shall be
internally lined with cement mortar complying with the portable water requirements.
According to the requirements of ISO 4179, Xinxing adopts the centrifugal lining process, through which
the cement mortar lining surface features smoothness, uniformity and flatness, as well as high bonding
strength with pipe wall, and is not easy to fall off.
Pipes with cement mortar lining centrifugally applied shall be placed in the environment with high
temperature and humidity, so as to accelerate the maturation of cement mortar lining.
2.1.3.4 Spray finishing layer, package and storage

After the spraying of finishing coating and marking, the cured pipe (DN 300) will be packed and put in
storage, and then shipped to the designated location as scheduled.
Annealing
Mechanical properties test
2.1.3 Finishing / coatings

2.1.3.1 Zinc spray on external wall
After the annealing treatment, the external surface of the pipe is sprayed with zinc coating complying with
ISO 2531 by means of the electric arc spraying process: utilize low voltage and high current power to melt
zinc wire; atomize the molten zinc with high-speed compressed air stream, and then spray it on the external
wall of pipe in the form of micro droplet.
Finished products warehouse
Spraying Zinc
60
XINXING PIPES
61
2.2 Quality Control System

2.2.1 Production procedure of ductile iron pipe
Inoculant
Qualified
SQA
Composition
composition
Molten iron temperature&
composition adjustment
Disqualified
pipe mold
maintenance
Ferrosilicon,
magnesium
Molten iron
SQA
Composition
Particle size
Composition
Temperature
Spheroidisation
Sand, resin
Core preparation
Composition
Temperature
Dimensions
Appearance
Centrifugal casting
Disqualified
Appearance
Pipe weight
Pipe heat treatment
Disqualified
Appearance
Dimensions
SQA
Composition
Particle size
Dimensions
Appearance
Strength
Disqualified
Reject
Hardness performance
Reject
Zinc spray
structure
Sand, cement
Thickness
Finishing
Disqualified
Appearance
Dimensions
Weight
Leak tightness
Lining thickness
Preparation of
cement mortar
SQA
Particle size
inspection
KEY
Start, end
Operating
Cement mortear lining curing
Appearance
Product inspection
Process control
Cement mortear lining polish
Supplier quality assurance

Monitoring, tracking
Self-monitoring on post
Inspection
Appearance
Spray finishing layer
Thickness
Marks spray
Disqualified
Packaging
Appearance
SQA
Inspection
Package
Completion,
storage
62
XINXING PIPES
63
2.2.2 Quality control and inspection frequency
2.2.3 Joint performance test

Each type of joint newly designed by Xinxing shall be subject to performance test strictly in accordance with
ISO10804-1 and EN 545. It shall pass third party certification before put into market.
Table 2 Quality Control and Inspection Frequency

No.
QC item
Testing frequency
Inspection equipment
Dealing with nonconforming

products
Composition of molten iron

from the blast furnace
Each furnace
Spectrometer
Return
Composition of molten iron

from FM furnace
Each furnace
Spectrometer
Readjust
Temperature of molten iron

from FM furnace
Each furnace
Thermometer
Readjust
Composition of nodulized
molten iron
Each pack
Spectrometer
Return
Core appearance
Full testing
Visual inspection
Repair or destroy
Core dimensions
5 pcs/shift/specification
Caliper
Destroy
Pipe mold dimensions
Each piece
Micrometer, dial indicator
Rework
Casting temperature
Sampling test every 3~10

pieces
Thermometer
Purpose and inclusion of performance test

It is to verify the mechanical strength and leak tightness of the joint under the most unfavorable applicable
conditions of casting tolerance and joint deflection. The specific contents and requirements are listed in
Table 3 for performance test of the flexible joint.
Table 3 Inclusion and Requirement of Performance Test for Pipe Joint
Appearance
Each piece
Visual inspection
Adjustment
Pipe weight
Each piece
Platform scale
Adjustment
11
Furnace temperature
Test along production, record

every half-hour
Thermal instrumentation
Adjustment
12
Chain speed
Test along production, record

every half-hour
Inverter
Adjustment
13
Appearance
Each piece
Visual inspection
Reject
14
Mechanical property
1 piece/batch
Universal Testing Machine
Reject
15
Zinc coating weight
1 time/shift
Electronic balance
Rework
16
Pipe weight
Full testing
Electronic scale
Reject
17
Dimensions
Full testing
Standard round and card

board
Reject
18
Pressure test
Full testing
Pressure test machine
Reject
19
Ratio of cement mortar
Each bucket
Electronic scales, water meter
Adjustment
20
Lining appearance
Each piece
Visual inspection
Reject or rework
21
Lining thickness
1 time/hour
Steel needle, steel ruler
Reject or rework
22
Curing time
Each furnace
Watch
Adjustment
23
Curing temperature
Each furnace
Thermometer
Adjustment
24
Appearance
Full testing
Visual inspection
Reject or rework
25
Film thickness
Coating thickness tester
Rework
26
Lining thickness
Coating thickness tester
Reject or rework
Test requirements
Test conditions
1. Positive internal
hydrostatic pressure
Test pressure:(1.5PFA +5) bar

Test duration: 2h
No visible leakage
Test pressure:-0.9 Bara
2. Negative internal
pressure
Adjustment or return
10
Test item
Test duration: 2h
Maximum pressure variation during the
test: 0.09 Bar
3. Positive external
hydrostatic pressure
Test pressure: 2 bar

Test duration: 2h
No visible leakage
4. Cyclic internal hydrolic

pressure
24,000 cycles
Test pressure: Between PMA and
(PMA-5) bars
No visible leakage
Test method
Joint of maximum annulus,aligned and

withdrawn, with maximum shear load
Joint of maximum annulus,
deflected
Joint of maximum annulus, aligned and
withdrawn, with maximum shear load
Joint of maximum annulus, deflected
Refer to ISO 2531/

EN 545, etc.

aligned, with maximum shear load
aligned and withdrawn, with maximum
shear load
0.9 bar under the atmospheric pressure
Performance test apparatus
W
F
Figure 2 Apparatus for positive/negative internal hydrostatic pressure and cyclic internal hydraulic pressure
W/2
W/2
W/2
Figure 3 Apparatus for positive external hydrostatic pressure
64
XINXING PIPES
65
Chapter III
Requirements
for Storage and
Transportation
of Ductile Iron
Pipe
66
XINXING PIPES
67
Chapter III
Requirements
for Storage and
Transportation
of Ductile Iron
Pipe
68
XINXING PIPES
3.1 Lifting of ductile iron pipe 70

3.1.1 Precautions
3.1.2 Lifting tools
3.1.3 Lifting
3.2 Transportation 71
3.3 Storage 71
3.3.1 Prepare the storage area
3.3.2 Stacking patterns
69
3.1 Lifting of ductile iron pipe
3.2 Transportation
3.1.1 Precautions
(1) If truck or train is adopted for transportation, the carriage must be cleaned without foreign matters. At the
Ductile iron pipe shall be lifted by straps or special tools and handled with care. The pipes shall be matted
same time, the loading scheme shall be prepared according to the acceptable capacity of vehicle;
steadily and firmly without collision with each other during shift-loading and transportation. The operation
(2) If truck or train is adopted for transportation, planks formed by two or more pieces of wood shall be
shall strictly follow the requirements of protection and fastening, so as to avoid damage to the pipe and
placed on the carriage floor so as to avoid the direct contact between the socket end and carriage floor; If
protective coating.
a flat bed trailer is used for transportation, the casting pipes shall be placed on planks and then fixed by
wedges; the length of pipe extending out of the vehicle shall not exceed 1/4 of the pipe length; if iron pipes
3.1.2 Lifting tools
are loaded in more than one layer, the pipe spigot and socket end of each layer shall be staggered and
The crane or forklift is available for lifting, where
finally fixed with steel wire rope firmly; the soft protective materials shall be used to separate pipe and pipe,
special hooks shall be applied, as shown in Figure
pipe and rigid vehicle body, as well as pipe and fastening steel ropes;
1. The special hooks include steel hook covered by
(3) While unloading from the vehicle, it is necessary to avoid directly pulling or dropping the ductile iron pipe, wrapped
rubber, nylon strap or steel wire rope covered by
or not, over the ground, even over the sand ground,for dropping them.
rubber , so as not to damage the internal cement

mortar lining and external protective coating, thus
Figure 1 Special hooks
protecting coating of both sides.
3.3 Storage
3.3.1 Prepare the storage area
3.1.3 Lifting
3.3.1.1 The selected site for ductile iron pipe storage shall be flat and solid, and the following places shall
3.1.3.1 For ductile iron pipes packed in bundles, strap and special lifting tools shall be used to lift them from
be unacceptable:
the bottom of whole bundle. It is prohibited to directly hook pipes or package strap so as to avoid packing
- Unstable or sloped areas;
distortion, breakage of package straps or bundle-off during lifting. Generally, one hook is to lift one bundle.
- Swampy areas;
If it is necessary to lift several bundles by a hook, the special lifting gear shall be used to prevent packing
- Seriously polluted land;
deformation, so as to avoid the package damage, such as steel belt breakage and bundle deformation;
3.3.1.2 Two tracks of wooden planks shall be placed under the pipes to avoid their direct contact with the
3.1.3.2 For ductile iron pipes packed in bulk, special hook or lifting strap can be used to lift one or several
ground, and the selected wooden planks shall be solid.
ductile iron pipes each time, as shown in Figure 2;
3.3.1.3 For the long-term storage, the pipes shall be covered with canvas or woven cloth, so as to protect
3.1.3.3 When forklift is applied, all its areas contacting with the pipes must be protected during lifting;
the pipes against dust or dirt.
3.3.2 Stacking patterns

3.3.2.1 Ductile iron pipes can be stacked in two patterns, i.e. the square and pyramidal form.
3.3.2.2 The square stack pattern is shown as Figure 3. The planks are placed under the bottom layer and
fixed with wooden wedges. In each layer of ductile iron pipe, the spigots and socket ends shall be arranged
alternately. For ductile iron pipes in adjacent layers, spigots and socket ends shall also be alternately, and
the upper layer shall be perpendicular to the lower layer. The width of each layer shall not exceed 5.5m.
3.3.2.3 Pyramid" stack pattern is shown as Figure 4. The bottom layer of ductile iron pipes is placed on two
rows of parallel planks with distance of about 1,000mm to each pipe ends; the planks are fixed with wedges.
Figure 2 Lifting Operation
70
XINXING PIPES
71
Table 1 The Stacking Mode for K9 Ductile Iron Pipe
The sockets and spigots of pipes of each layer are arranged alternately.
Taking into account the bearing capacity of the underlying pipes, the stacking height for K9 ductile iron pipe
Table 2.
Figure 3 Square stacking
Recommended stacking layers*
DN
is recommended as shown in Table 1, and the preferred height for C-class ductile iron pipes is shown in
Figure 4 Pyramid stacking
Pyramid
Square
80
32
20
100
26
125
DN

Pyramid
Square
700
18
800
24
16
900
150
20
16
1000
200
18
12
1100
250
17
1200
300
14
1400
350
12
1500
400
12
1600
450
10
500
600
1800 and above
If increasing stacking layers of pipes ,it needs to add the planks placed under the bottom layer.Please contact us for the specific
cases.
Table 2 The Stacking Mode for C-class Ductile Iron Pipe With Preferred Pressure Class
DN

Pyramid
Square
80
26
18
100
24
125
DN

Pyramid
Square
700
16
800
21
14
900
150
18
14
1000
200
15
11
1100
250
14
1200
300
12
1400
350
10
1500
400
10
1600
450
500
600
1800 and above
If increasing stacking layers of pipes ,it needs to add the planks placed under the bottom layer.Please contact us for the
specific cases.
72
XINXING PIPES
73
Chapter IV
Engineering
Design of
Water Supply
& Drainage
Pipeline
74
XINXING PIPES
75
4.1 Determine the regional water demand and satisfy the requirements
for water pressure 78
4.1.1 Determination of water consumption
4.1.2 Water delivery pressure
4.2 Selection of pipe diameters 79
Chapter IV
Engineering
Design of
Water Supply
& Drainage
Pipeline
4.2.1 Formula to calculate pipe diameter

4.2.2 Determination of the economic velocity
4.3 Selection of piping system 83
4.3.1 Types of pipeline system
4.3.2 Principle of pipeline design
4.3.3 General requirements for pipeline layout
4.4 The calculation of head losses
85
4.4.1 Formula to calculate linear head losses

4.4.2 Linenr head losses
4.5 Prevention and calculation of water hammer 95
4.5.1 Overview
4.5.2 Causes of water hammer
4.5.3 Hazards of water hammer
4.5.4 Prevention for water hammer
4.5.5 Simplified calculation of water hammer
4.6 Depth of cover for pipeline 99
4.7 Anchoring methods and design 106
4.7.1 Thrust force
4.7.2 Form of concrete anchor blocks
4.7.3 Anchor blocks design
4.7.4 Anchoring length of self-anchoring system
76
XINXING PIPES
77
water-consuming sectors in a safe, economical

and adequate manner. The main design contents
include:
A. Determine the regional water demand, and satisfy
the requirements for water quality and pressure;
consumption Qh can be calculated as of the maximum daily water consumption Qd:
Qh=
1000xKh xQd
24x3600
C. Select the best type of piping systems;

D. Select the appropriate construction methods
according to the actual conditions in construction site;
4.1.1 Determination of water

consumption
During design of water supply system, the water
supply scale shall be firstly determined. Daily
Kh xQd
86.4
l/s
The total water consumption of community is subject to the local water resources, economic development,
living habits, industrial and agricultural production scale and so on, and the check computation shall be
conducted by reference to the design standards for local living water consumption and relevant industries.
4 .1.2 Water delivery pressure

When the pipeline engineering is designed for water supply from Water Source A to Community B, it is
necessary to consider the requirement for water pressure at the most unfavorable position in Community B.
B. Determine the size of water-supply pipes while

taking into account the economy and reliability;
ELA-Hc-HtP
EL ALowest hydraulic elevation at
water source A
hydr
aulic
HCElevation of the most unfavorable

water-supply point C
grad
ient
PMinimum service head at the most

unfavorable water supply point C in the
Jt
project, which is to provide qualified water to
When taking into account the hourly variety coefficient Kh of water consumption, the maximum hourly water
design elements of the water supply & drainage
(m3/d)
water-consuming point B
Ht Total head losses of pipeline
Hc
The water volume and pressure are two major
Qd=(1.15~1.25)(Q1+Q2+Q3+Q4+ Q5)
ELA
4.1 Determine the regional

water demand and satisfy
the requirements for water
pressure
water consumption Qd designed for community is
total head losses of the pipeline
composed of the residential water consumption

Q1, living water consumption of enterprise staff Q2,
and water consumption of local public buildings,
4.2 Selection of pipe diameter
sprinkling roads and municipal greening and fire,

Q 3 , the agricultural water consumption Q 4 and
industrial water consumption Q5.
In addition to a variety of water consumption
above, the unforeseen water consumption and
pipeline leaks which is equivalent to 15%~25% of
the maximum daily water consumption need to be
added.
Therefore, the highest daily total water consumption
of the community in the design life can be calculated
4.2.1 Formula to calculate pipe diameter

After the water volume Q is determined, according to the flow calculation formula:
2
Q=
D v
4
Formula to calculate pipe diameter can be obtained as below:
D=
4xQ
xv
Where: v - flow velocity (m/s)
as below:
78
XINXING PIPES
79
It is indicated from the above formula that: When water volume Q is determined, the smaller flow velocity v
charges for operation.
will result in the larger pipe diameter D, and correspondingly increase the construction cost of pipe network;
however, it can reduce pipe head losses and the corresponding cost for pipe network management.
4.2.2.2 Total cost of pipes with different diameters
Therefore, the following issues shall also be considered during selection of pipe:
Through calculating total cost of pipes with different diameters, the diameter of pipe with the lowest total
The first is construction cost of pipeline which covers the material cost of piping components, the equipment
cost is the most reasonable, and it is the economic diameter.
cost, such as pressurized water pump unit, expenses for installation and construction, etc.
Total cost calculating formula:
The second is pipeline operation & management costs, including power cost for pipelines opertion,
W=Cp+CmNPV+CeNPV
maintenance cost and interest on investments. In most projects, usually several comparative solutions are
designed, from which a most economical and practical solution will be selected.
Cp Pipeline investment ($)
Therefore, the optimization method is commonly used to obtain the best solution of velocity v or pipe
CmNPV NPV sum of pipeline maintenance cost of each year within calculation period
Where W Total cost ($)
diameter D during the pipe network design, namely: in a certain period t (payback period of pipeline project),
($)
the velocity with the minimum sum of the construction cost and management fees of pipe network will be
taken as the economical velocity to determine the diameter D.
1) Pipeline investment Cp
In order to prevent the pipe network accidents against water hammer phenomenon, it is recommended that
Pipeline investment covers all costs related to the pipeline laying, including pipes fee, production cost,
the maximum design flow velocity of the ductile iron pipe shall not exceed 2.5 ~ 3.0m/s; for transmission
transportation costs, anti-corrosion costs for internal and external walls, construction cost and greening-
of turbid raw water, the minimum flow velocity can not be less than 0.6 m/s so as to avoid precipitation of
compensation.
suspended matter in water. In the actual design work, the flow velocity shall be selected in combination
2) Annual maintenance cost of pipeline
with local economic conditions, as well as the cost of the pipe network and the operation and management
Maintenance costs is discounted according to the calculation period, their NPV can be summed. The sum of
costs.
NPV of pipeline maintenance costs is calculated as the formula below:
CeNPVNPV sum of electricity expenses of each year within calculation period ($)
Meanwhile, the diameter of pipes shall be selected on the basis of head losses. Through a lot of researches
Cm(1+i)
CmNPV=
and tests, Xinxing has reviewed the absolute roughness of various lining, and accordingly developed the
-t
t=1
hydraulic calculation table of ductile iron pipes with different lining for the reference of design department.

Where: Cm Annual pipeline maintenance fee, usually counted as 1% of the pipeline investment
4.2.2 Determination of the economic velocity
n Calculation period, generally 20 years
There are many different methods to calculate economic velocity, all countries have their own calculation
i Discount rate, generally 6 ~ 10% per year
methods. For water pipeline of large-scale supply & drainage project, the NPV method is usually adopted to
3) Annual electricity expenses for opeartion of pipeline in different diameters are calculated with supply
determine the economical velocity and economical pipe diameter.
water according to short and long term planning.

The sum of NPV of the annual electricity expenses for operation is calculated as the formula below:
4.2.2.1 Taken the maximum daily water amount as 100%, the statistics is conducted according to three
sections of daily water supply capacity, i.e. 100% ~ 90% (annual peak water supply period), 90% ~
80% (annual usual water supply period), <80% (annual trough period of supply). The statistics shall
cover the number and proportion of days as well as the proportion of the average daily supply quantity
CeNPV=
t1
t=1
Qr1H1f1+Qr2H2f2+Qr3H3f3
t
(1+i)
+
t=t1+1
Qr1H1f1+Qr2H2f2+Qr3H3f3
t
(1+i)
dx
24x365
102x86.4
in different water supply periods to the highest daily water supply quantity. Through research on the
variation characteristics of daily water supply within one year, the annual characteristics values of water
quantity variation can be summarized, which can reflect the magnitude of diurnal variation and variation
characteristics throughout one year, which can serve as the basic data to calculate the annual electricity
80
XINXING PIPES
81
Where: Q. Q short- and long-term planning of water consumption respectively with dimensions in m3/d;
r1, r2, r3 ratios of the annual peak water-supply period, usual water-supply period and trough
4.3 Selection of piping system

4.3.1 Types of pipeline system
water-supply period to the whole year respectively;

f1, f2, f3 ratios of the average daily supply water in the peak period, usual period, trough period
Gravity piping system
to the maximum daily supply water respectively;

H1, H2, H3 Pipe head losses of average daily supply water in the anuual peak period, usual
Maximum static head
H.W.L
L.W.L
period and trough period in recent years respectively with dimensions in meters;
Reservoir
H1 , H2 , H3 Pipe head losses of average daily supply water in the anuual peak period, usual
Minimum hydraulic gra
dient line
Pipe
period and trough period in long term respectively with dimensions in meters;
efficiency of pump and motor;
1 ~ t1 Recent calculation years;
Diagram of gravity piping system
(t1 +1 ~ n) Forward calculation years;

d Integrated electric price ($/kwh);
If the starting point of a pipeline is higher than its termination point, and the height difference between two
points is larger than sum of total pipeline head losses and the smallest service water head of the most
4.2.2.3 Formula to calculate pump shaft power
unfavorable user, then the pipeline can work by gravitational flow.
The pump shaft power is related to the routine operating cost of pipeline project, which depends on the size
This piping system is featured as following:
of pipe and material of the inner wall. Therefore, it shall be concerned during the engineering design. Its
1) No power needed;
formula is:
2) Less costs for facilities, operation and maintenance;
P=0.0098 x
Q x ELT
3) Free failure during use and convenient maintenance;
Design principle of gravity piping system: Accelerate the flow rate by means of water head difference as
possible, namely, the pipe with the minimum diameter shall be used to reduce material cost and construction
Where: P Pump shaft power (kw)
costs under the condition of meeting the requirements of water-consuming unit.
Efficiency of Pump motor
H.W.L
L.W.L
ELT Total Hydraulic Elevation (m)
Q Flow rate (l/s)

Pump
Reservoir
Maximum static head

Minimum hydrauli
c gradient line
Pipe
H = Total head of pump
Pressure piping system
Diagram of pressure piping system
If the starting point of the pipeline is not high enough and the water can not be supplied by gravity flow, it is
necessary to use the booster pump which delivers water to the water supply location.
This piping system has the following characteristics:
1) The water pressure can be easily controlled;
2) It is less affected by terrain conditions, so the pipeline route is subject to less restriction.
3) Continous power input is needed. Thus, during pipeline design, various designing options shall be
compared, and the solution with minimum sum of pipeline construction and management costs during whole
payback period of the entire project shall be selected.
82
XINXING PIPES
83
4.3.2 Principle of pipeline design

Pipeline shall fully utilize water elevation difference, and the gravity supply is preferred in combination
4.3.3 General requirements for pipeline

layout
The vent (intake) valves shall be installed at
with conditions along the line. If the pressured water supply is needed due to the terrain or pipe system
relatively and absolutely high points in the pipeline; the
layout, the stages and methods of pressure boost, booster stations shall be determined according to the
drain pipes and sluice valve shall be arranged at the low
equipment selection, analysis on operation cost, as well as the technical and economic comparison.
position of pipeline;
During the pipeline selection, it is necessary to combine the near and far terms and consider possibility
For pressure water pipelines, it is necessary to
of implementation by stage.
analyze possibility of water hammer; if necessary, the
The design and laying of pipeline shall put all points along the pipeline under the minimum hydraulic
measures shall be taken to eliminate water hammer;
gradient. For pressure pipeline, it shall be generally below the water hydraulic gradient line under different
4.4 The calculation of head

losses
water supply conditions.

H.W.L
Start
L.W.L
The energy must be added to overcome the head losses
mini
mum
hydr
aulic
during the water delivery. head losses is related with the

grad
ient
The
following factors:
Inner friction of water (depends on its viscosity);
Water friction along the pipes wall(linked to the
roughness);
Minor changes to flow (elbows, joints, etc.).
Head losses consists of the linear losses and minor losses.
Examples of improper piping design
For the long-distance water pipelines, the linear losses
When the certain points of the pipeline are inevitably higher than the minimum hydraulic gradient,
accounts for over 90% of whole energy losses, while
the pipe diameter shall be increased in the upstream section to reduce the friction loss so as to raise the
proportion of minor losses generally does not exceed 10%.
minimum hydraulic gradient of the pipeline, and then the diameter of downstream pipeline shall be reduced.
4.4.1 Formula to calculate linear head

losses
H.W.L
Generally, the pipeline hydraulic calculation is based on
Start
uniform flow in the water supply project
L.W.L
imum h
gradien
4.4.1.1 Common empirical formula for linear

head losses calculation.
h2
ydraulic
h1
The min
1) Darcy formula
hf = x
2g
Where: hf Linear head losses (m)

vAverage flow velocity (m/s)
Example of changing the pipe diameter to accommodate a minimum hydraulic gradient
gGravitation constant (m/s2)

DPipe diameter (m)
Length of the pipeline (m)
84
XINXING PIPES
85
The formula applies to the laminar and turbulent flow in the smooth or rough pipe with any cross-sectional
4.4.1.3 Minor head losses from fittings and valves
shapes, and the linear head losses factor in the formula is generally calculated by C. F. Colebrook
The minor head losses from fittings (elbows, tees, etc.) and valves accounts for less proportion in the total
formula.C.F. Colebrook formula:

1
head losses in a long pipeline: For a long-distance waterline, the head losses from pipe fittings can be
=-21og(
k
3.7D
2.51
Re
estimated as 5% ~ 10% of the linear losses of the pipeline according to number of fittings; however, for the
pipeline with short length and higher flow rate, the head losses from fittings may be relatively larger, which
shall be considered. The minor head losses of fittings can be calculated by the following formula:
Where: linear friction coefficient
Where: Hf pipe head losses (m)

hj =
k equivalent roughness of pipeline (mm)
Chhazen-Willian factor
D pipe diameter (mm)
D pipe diameter (m)
Where: hj minor head losses (m)
Re reynolds number
Q pipeline flow (m3/s)
minor head losses factor
v velocity (m/s)
g gravitation constant (m/s2)
pipe length (m)
2) Hazen-Willian formula
Hf=
2.63 1.8518
(3.5875 Q/ChD
v
2g
Minor Head Losses Factor
4.4.1.2 Hydraulic friction coefficient

T he hydraulic friction coefficient is one of important technical parameters during the fluid transport
No.
Item
Cross section with

sudden expansion
Cross section with

sudden reduction
drawing
value and description
A2
engineering design, which directly affects the accuracy of the hydraulic calculation.
No matter in Darcy Formula or Hazen - William Formula, the difference of pipe materials is reflected on the
absolute roughness of the inner wall. In each formula, the value of the roughness correlation coefficient is
an important factor affecting the calculating results.
Generally, the cement mortar is selected as the lining material of ductile iron pipe. The cement mortar
A1
1-
Pipe outlet
lining have been smooth, even and flat with strong bonding with the wall and sound hydraulic performance.
A2
1-
=0.5
Flow into channel,
A1
= 1-
A1
A2
Flow into tank, =1.0
Xinxing has conducted a series of tests on friction coefficient and checked the surface roughness value k
and Hazen-Willian coefficient Ch of ductile iron pipes lined with different linings. For cement mortar lined
ductile iron pipe, the detection value of K is 0.03mm; however, for actual piping design purposes, the
values of friction coefficient are recommended for different lining materials as table belows:
=K
4
Round diverging pipe
A2
A1
-1
8
0.14
e/d
e/d
0.7
0.44
10
0.16
15
25
0.30 0.62
Recommended Friction Coefficient for Different Linings

Pipe
86
Ranges of friction coefficient

5
Sluice valve
0.2
35
0.8
0.17
0.4
4.6
0.9
0.0
0.6
0.98
1.0
0
Pipeline equivalent roughness k (mm)
Hazen-Willian factor Ch
PU lining
0.03~0.05
140~145
Seal coat of cement mortar lining
0.05~0.07
133~137
For the minor head losses of the valve, please consult suppliers of valves; for calculation of other types of
0.07~0.1
125~130
minor losses, please contact our engineer.
XINXING PIPES
87
4.4.2 Linear head losses
Table of Head Losses of DN100 Ductile Iron Pipes With Different Lining
To meet the relevant design needs, we have calculated the head losses of ductile iron pipe lined with
cement mortar and 1mm polyurethane in thickness under the following assumptions, which are shown in the
table below in details(where, hydraulic gradient J is the head losses for unit length of pipeline, thus, J =
hf
Q(l/s)
J(m/km)*
Assumptions for head losses calculation include:

1) Full pipe flow

k=0.1mm
V(m/s)
Epoxy seal coat

k = 0.07mm
J(m/km)*
V(m/s)
Polyurethane (PU) lining

k=0.05mm
J(m/km)*
V(m/s)
4.0
3.19
0.51
3.09
0.51
2.26
0.45
4.5
3.97
0.57
3.82
0.57
2.81
0.51
2) Equivalent roughness coefficient k of pipeline:
5.0
4.84
0.64
4.66
0.64
3.40
0.57
5.5
5.79
0.70
5.56
0.70
4.04
0.62
k = 0.1mm for cement mortar lining
6.0
6.83
0.76
6.53
0.76
4.75
0.68
k = 0.07mm for epoxy seal coat of cement mortar lining
6.5
7.94
0.83
7.59
0.83
5.52
0.74
k = 0.05mm for polyurethane lining

3) Water temperature = 18 , water kinematic viscosity = 1.06 10-6 (m2/s)
4) ID of Pipe: DN value of pipe nominal diameter
7.0
9.13
0.89
8.72
0.89
6.31
0.79
7.5
10.43
0.95
9.92
0.95
7.17
0.85
8.0
11.77
1.02
11.24
1.02
8.08
0.91
8.5
13.22
1.08
12.57
1.08
9.08
0.96
9.0
14.76
1.15
14.02
1.15
10.08
1.02
9.5
16.37
1.21
15.55
1.21
11.17
1.08
10.0
18.05
1.27
17.06
1.27
12.26
1.13
10.5
19.81
1.34
18.72
1.34
13.44
1.19
11.0
21.65
1.40
20.45
1.40
14.68
1.25
11.5
23.55
1.46
22.35
1.46
15.96
1.30
12.0
25.52
1.53
24.21
1.53
17.29
1.36
12.5
27.69
1.59
26.14
1.59
18.67
1.42
13.0
29.81
1.66
28.14
1.66
20.09
1.47
13.5
32.15
1.72
30.34
1.72
21.55
1.53
14.0
34.41
1.78
32.47
1.78
23.17
1.59
14.5
36.92
1.85
34.66
1.85
24.73
1.64
15.0
39.32
1.91
37.09
1.91
26.33
1.70
15.5
41.99
1.97
39.40
1.97
28.11
1.76
16.0
44.53
2.04
41.99
2.04
29.79
1.81
16.5
47.35
2.10
44.43
2.10
31.52
1.87
17.0
50.27
2.16
47.16
2.16
33.46
1.93
17.5
53.01
2.23
49.98
2.23
35.27
1.98
18.0
56.09
2.29
52.61
2.29
37.31
2.04
18.5
59.24
2.36
55.57
2.36
39.20
2.10
19.0
62.19
2.42
58.31
2.42
41.35
2.15
19.5
65.51
2.48
61.42
2.48
43.55
2.21
20.0
68.91
2.55
64.61
2.55
45.57
2.27
20.5
72.05
2.61
67.54
2.61
47.87
2.32
21.0
75.61
2.67
70.87
2.67
49.97
2.38
22.0
82.98
2.80
77.78
2.80
54.84
2.49
23.0
90.26
2.93
84.58
2.93
59.61
2.61
75.34
2.95
26.0
* Head (in meters) of the fluid as it flows through a standard kilometer of the relevant pipe.
88
XINXING PIPES
89
Q(l/s)

k=0.1mm
Epoxy seal coat

k = 0.07mm

k=0.05mm
Q(l/s)

k=0.1mm
Epoxy seal coat

k = 0.07mm

k=0.05mm
J(m/km)*
V(m/s)
J(m/km)*
V(m/s)
J(m/km)*
V(m/s)
J(m/km)*
V(m/s)
J(m/km)*
V(m/s)
J(m/km)*
V(m/s)
60
0.51
0.48
0.50
0.48
0.44
0.46
140
0.34
0.50
0.33
0.50
0.30
0.48
65
0.59
0.52
0.58
0.52
0.51
0.50
160
0.43
0.57
0.42
0.57
0.39
0.55
70
0.69
0.56
0.67
0.56
0.59
0.54
180
0.54
0.64
0.53
0.64
0.48
0.62
75
0.78
0.60
0.76
0.60
0.67
0.57
200
0.66
0.71
0.64
0.71
0.58
0.69
80
0.88
0.64
0.85
0.64
0.76
0.61
220
0.79
0.78
0.76
0.78
0.70
0.76
85
0.99
0.68
0.95
0.68
0.85
0.65
240
0.93
0.85
0.90
0.85
0.82
0.83
90
1.10
0.72
1.06
0.72
0.94
0.69
260
1.08
0.92
1.05
0.92
0.95
0.90
95
1.22
0.76
1.18
0.76
1.04
0.73
280
1.25
0.99
1.20
0.99
1.10
0.96
100
1.34
0.80
1.30
0.80
1.14
0.76
300
1.42
1.06
1.37
1.06
1.25
1.03
110
1.61
0.88
1.55
0.88
1.37
0.84
320
1.60
1.13
1.55
1.13
1.41
1.10
120
1.90
0.95
1.83
0.95
1.60
0.92
340
1.81
1.20
1.74
1.20
1.58
1.17
130
2.22
1.03
2.12
1.03
1.87
0.99
360
2.02
1.27
1.93
1.27
1.76
1.24
140
2.54
1.11
2.44
1.11
2.16
1.07
380
2.23
1.34
2.14
1.34
1.95
1.31
150
2.91
1.19
2.79
1.19
2.44
1.15
400
2.47
1.41
2.37
1.41
2.14
1.38
160
3.29
1.27
3.15
1.27
2.76
1.22
420
2.71
1.49
2.60
1.49
2.36
1.45
170
3.70
1.35
3.53
1.35
3.09
1.30
440
2.97
1.56
2.85
1.56
2.57
1.52
180
4.12
1.43
3.93
1.43
3.45
1.38
460
3.23
1.63
3.09
1.63
2.79
1.58
190
4.59
1.51
4.38
1.51
3.81
1.45
480
3.51
1.70
3.37
1.70
3.04
1.65
200
5.05
1.59
4.83
1.59
4.22
1.53
500
3.81
1.77
3.63
1.77
3.27
1.72
210
5.57
1.67
5.28
1.67
4.62
1.61
520
4.09
1.84
3.92
1.84
3.54
1.79
220
6.07
1.75
5.80
1.75
5.04
1.68
540
4.42
1.91
4.20
1.91
3.78
1.86
230
6.64
1.83
6.30
1.83
5.51
1.76
560
4.75
1.98
4.52
1.98
4.07
1.93
240
7.18
1.91
6.86
1.91
5.96
1.84
580
5.06
2.05
4.84
2.05
4.37
2.00
250
7.79
1.99
7.39
1.99
6.46
1.91
600
5.41
2.12
5.15
2.12
4.64
2.07
260
8.37
2.07
7.99
2.07
6.94
1.99
620
5.78
2.19
5.49
2.19
4.95
2.14
270
9.03
2.15
8.62
2.15
7.49
2.07
640
6.12
2.26
5.85
2.26
5.28
2.20
280
9.71
2.23
9.20
2.23
7.99
2.14
660
6.50
2.33
6.23
2.33
5.57
2.27
290
10.42
2.31
9.87
2.31
8.57
2.22
680
6.90
2.41
6.56
2.41
5.91
2.34
300
11.07
2.39
10.57
2.39
9.11
2.29
700
7.32
2.48
6.95
2.48
6.26
2.41
310
11.83
2.47
11.21
2.47
9.73
2.37
720
7.74
2.55
7.35
2.55
6.57
2.48
320
12.60
2.55
11.94
2.55
10.37
2.45
740
8.12
2.62
7.77
2.62
6.94
2.55
330
13.40
2.63
12.70
2.63
10.94
2.52
760
8.56
2.69
8.13
2.69
7.32
2.62
340
14.13
2.71
13.39
2.71
11.62
2.60
780
9.02
2.76
8.57
2.76
7.71
2.69
350
14.98
2.79
14.18
2.79
12.31
2.68
800
9.49
2.83
9.01
2.83
8.05
2.76
360
15.84
2.86
15.01
2.86
12.93
2.75
820
9.97
2.90
9.47
2.90
8.46
2.82
370
16.74
2.94
15.85
2.94
13.66
2.83
840
10.46
2.97
9.93
2.97
8.88
2.89
380
17.65
3.02
16.60
3.02
14.41
2.91
90
XINXING PIPES
91
Q(m3/s)

k=0.1mm
Epoxy seal coat

k = 0.07mm

k=0.05mm

k=0.1mm
Epoxy seal coat

k = 0.07mm

k=0.05mm
J(m/km)*
V(m/s)
J(m/km)*
V(m/s)
J(m/km)*
V(m/s)
0.10
0.50
0.10
0.50
0.10
0.49
0.22
1.1
0.13
0.55
0.12
0.55
0.11
0.54
0.62
0.26
1.2
0.15
0.60
0.14
0.60
0.13
0.59
0.70
0.69
0.32
1.3
0.17
0.65
0.17
0.65
0.16
0.63
0.40
0.76
0.75
0.37
1.4
0.20
0.70
0.19
0.70
0.18
0.68
0.83
0.47
0.83
0.81
0.43
1.5
0.23
0.75
0.22
0.75
0.20
0.73
0.55
0.89
0.54
0.89
0.87
0.50
1.6
0.26
0.80
0.25
0.80
0.23
0.78
0.75
0.63
0.95
0.61
0.95
0.94
0.57
1.7
0.29
0.85
0.28
0.85
0.26
0.83
J(m/km)*
V(m/s)
J(m/km)*
V(m/s)
J(m/km)*
V(m/s)
0.4
0.19
0.51
0.19
0.51
0.50
0.18
0.45
0.24
0.57
0.23
0.57
0.56
0.5
0.29
0.64
0.28
0.64
0.55
0.35
0.70
0.34
0.6
0.41
0.76
0.65
0.48
0.7
0.8
0.71
1.02
0.69
1.02
1.00
0.64
1.8
0.32
0.90
0.31
0.90
0.29
0.88
0.85
0.80
1.08
0.77
1.08
1.06
0.72
1.9
0.35
0.94
0.34
0.94
0.32
0.93
0.9
0.89
1.15
0.86
1.15
1.12
0.80
0.39
0.99
0.38
0.99
0.35
0.98
0.95
0.99
1.21
0.96
1.21
1.19
0.88
2.1
0.43
1.04
0.42
1.04
0.39
1.02
1.09
1.27
1.05
1.27
1.25
0.97
2.2
0.47
1.09
0.45
1.09
0.42
1.07
1.05
1.20
1.34
1.16
1.34
1.31
1.07
2.3
0.51
1.14
0.49
1.14
0.46
1.12
1.1
1.31
1.40
1.26
1.40
1.37
1.17
2.4
0.55
1.19
0.53
1.19
0.49
1.17
1.15
1.44
1.46
1.37
1.46
1.44
1.27
2.5
0.60
1.24
0.58
1.24
0.54
1.22
1.2
1.55
1.53
1.49
1.53
1.50
1.38
2.6
0.65
1.29
0.62
1.29
0.58
1.27
1.25
1.68
1.59
1.62
1.59
1.56
1.49
2.7
0.69
1.34
0.67
1.34
0.62
1.32
1.3
1.81
1.66
1.74
1.66
1.62
1.60
2.8
0.74
1.39
0.72
1.39
0.66
1.37
1.35
1.95
1.72
1.87
1.72
1.69
1.73
2.9
0.80
1.44
0.77
1.44
0.71
1.41
1.4
2.10
1.78
2.00
1.78
1.75
1.84
0.85
1.49
0.82
1.49
0.76
1.46
1.45
2.25
1.85
2.15
1.85
1.81
1.98
3.2
0.96
1.59
0.92
1.59
0.86
1.56
1.5
2.39
1.91
2.30
1.91
1.87
2.11
3.4
1.08
1.69
1.03
1.68
0.96
1.66
1.55
2.55
1.97
2.45
1.97
1.93
2.24
3.6
1.21
1.79
1.14
1.78
1.07
1.76
1.6
2.72
2.04
2.59
2.04
2.00
2.38
3.8
1.35
1.89
1.27
1.88
1.19
1.85
1.65
2.89
2.10
2.76
2.10
2.06
2.54
1.48
1.99
1.39
1.97
1.31
1.95
1.7
3.04
2.16
2.93
2.16
2.12
2.67
4.2
1.63
2.09
1.53
2.07
1.43
2.05
1.75
3.23
2.23
3.07
2.23
2.18
2.83
4.4
1.79
2.19
1.67
2.17
1.57
2.15
1.8
3.41
2.29
3.25
2.29
2.25
2.99
4.6
1.94
2.29
1.81
2.26
1.71
2.24
1.85
3.61
2.36
3.44
2.36
2.31
3.16
4.8
2.12
2.39
1.96
2.36
1.86
2.34
1.9
3.80
2.42
3.62
2.42
2.37
3.31
2.30
2.49
2.12
2.45
2.01
2.44
1.95
3.97
2.48
3.82
2.48
2.43
3.48
5.2
2.48
2.59
2.27
2.55
2.16
2.54
4.18
2.55
3.98
2.55
2.50
3.66
5.4
2.65
2.69
2.44
2.64
2.33
2.63
2.1
4.61
2.67
4.39
2.67
2.62
4.00
5.6
2.85
2.79
2.61
2.74
2.50
2.73
2.2
5.06
2.80
4.82
2.80
2.75
4.39
5.8
3.06
2.88
2.80
2.83
2.69
2.83
2.3
5.49
2.93
5.22
2.93
2.87
4.80
3.28
2.98
2.96
2.93
2.85
2.93
2.4
5.97
3.06
5.69
3.06
3.00
5.18
6.2
3.50
3.08
3.15
3.02
3.04
3.02
92
Q(m3/s)
XINXING PIPES
93
4.5 Prevention and calculation of water hammer
Q(m3/s))

k=0.1mm
Epoxy seal coat

k = 0.07mm

k=0.05mm
V(m/s)
J(m/km)*
V(m/s)
J(m/km)*
V(m/s)
1.6
0.08
0.51
0.08
0.51
0.08
0.50
1.8
0.10
0.57
0.10
0.57
0.10
0.56
0.13
0.64
0.12
0.64
0.12
0.63
2.2
0.15
0.70
0.15
0.70
0.14
0.69
2.4
0.18
0.76
0.18
0.76
0.17
0.75
collapsing).
2.6
0.21
0.83
0.21
0.83
0.19
0.81
Cutoff water hammer (due to cavities collapsing) when pressure somewhere of the pipeline is lower
2.8
0.24
0.89
0.24
0.89
0.22
0.88
than the saturated vapor pressure under the current water temperature, water will vaporize, destroying
0.28
0.95
0.27
0.95
0.25
0.94
3.2
0.31
1.02
0.30
1.02
0.29
1.00
continuity of water flow and causing the water column separation, which forms a cavity section here. When
3.4
0.35
1.08
0.34
1.08
0.32
1.07
3.6
0.39
1.15
0.38
1.15
0.36
1.13
3.8
0.43
1.21
0.42
1.21
0.40
1.19
0.48
1.27
0.46
1.27
0.43
1.25
4.2
0.53
1.34
0.51
1.34
0.48
1.32
4.4
0.58
1.40
0.56
1.40
0.52
1.38
4.6
0.63
1.46
0.61
1.46
0.57
1.44
4.8
0.68
1.53
0.66
1.53
0.61
1.50
0.74
1.59
0.71
1.59
0.67
1.57
5.2
0.80
1.66
0.77
1.66
0.71
1.63
5.4
0.86
1.72
0.82
1.72
0.77
1.69
5.6
0.92
1.78
0.89
1.78
0.83
1.75
5.8
0.99
1.85
0.95
1.85
0.88
1.82
1.06
1.91
1.01
1.91
0.94
1.88
6.2
1.13
1.97
1.08
1.97
1.01
1.94
6.4
1.19
2.04
1.15
2.04
1.06
2.00
6.6
1.27
2.10
1.22
2.10
1.13
2.07
6.8
1.34
2.16
1.28
2.16
1.20
2.13
If the pipeline pressure drops and affects normal water supply, sewage will be drawn in at the pipeline
1.42
2.23
1.36
2.23
1.27
2.19
breakage due to a negative pressure, and thus affects water quality.
7.2
1.51
2.29
1.44
2.29
1.33
2.26
7.4
1.58
2.36
1.52
2.36
1.41
2.32
7.6
1.66
2.42
1.60
2.42
1.48
2.38
7.8
1.75
2.48
1.67
2.48
1.56
2.44
1.84
2.55
1.76
2.55
1.64
2.51
8.4
2.03
2.67
1.94
2.67
1.79
2.63
8.8
2.23
2.80
2.13
2.80
1.97
2.76
Water hammer refers dramatical pressure change of water flow in the pipeline caused by sudden
interruption of water flow in the pressure pipeline system, and spread in the pipeline. Water hammer may
cause water pressure to rise dramatically, which will damage pump, valve and pipe, etc.; conversely, if the
water pressure drops dramatically, it can also form phenomenon of cutoff water hammer (due to cavities
the separated water column is re-bridged or the cavity section is re-filled with water flow, violent collision
between two water columns can produce a high-pressure cutoff water hammer (due to cavities collapsing).
Water hammer can occur in the gravity pipeline or pressure (deliveried by pump) pipeline.
4.5.2 Causes of water hammer

The situations, such as starting and stopping the pump, starting and closing the valve or regulating the
flow through changing pump speed or blade angle, especially for swift operations which cause the water
velocity to change dramatically ;
Accidentally stopping the pump, i.e., sudden power interruption of the running pump , mainly caused by
the distribution system malfunction, misoperation, and lightning, etc.
4.5.3 Hazards of water hammer

The dramatically increased pressure may damage pump, pipe and valve, etc.;
If a pump is running with too high reverse rotation speed or coincide with critical rotation speed of the
unit, the pump unit may be caused to vibrate severely;
4.5.4 Prevention for water hammer

H1
H
H2
2.28
2.90
2.11
2.85
minimum pressure line when water hammer occurs,
3.02
2.46
3.02
2.27
2.98
as shown in figure below. The pipeline layout shall not
B
R
A
Pump Check valve
Pressure line at normal

working condition at B
2.90
2.58
C
F
elevation of the pipeline being higher than the
2.36
XINXING PIPES
R
Maximum vacuum
at point B
When laying the pipelines, it is necessary to avoid
Pressure line at
normal working condition
Maximum pressure drop
to avoid negative internal pressure
9.5
Make reasonable layout of the pipeline, in order
9.1
94
4.5.1 Overview
J(m/km)*
Minimum hydraulic
gradient line
be A-B-C. The correct pipeline layout shall be A-B'-C.

95
Prevent the pressure from rising too high:

1) Set a water hammer arrestor
2) Set an air cylinder (for the shorter pipeline or the smaller pipe diameter)
3) Adopt slow closing check valve or hydraulic control check valve (special devices to eliminate
water hammer due to pump-stopping)
Schematic diagram of air cylinder
4.5.5 Simplified calculation of water hammer

4.5.5.1 Pressure wave velocity
fied water to water-consuming sec
a=
y
g
D
Ee
Where: a pressure wave velocity (m / sec)

specific weight of water (= 10,000N/m3)
g acceleration of gravity (= 9.8m/sec2)
K bulk modulus of elasticity of water (= 2.07 109N/m2)
E elasticity modulus of the pipe wall material (E= 1.71011N/m2 for ductile
iron pipe)
D diameter of the pipe (m)
e wall thickness of the pipe (m)
If the diameter and wall thickness along the entire pipeline are uneven, then, a1, a2 ...... and
an shall be calculated respectively for the length (L1, L2, ...... or Ln) of each section with same
diameter and wall thickness. Then average value for overall pressure wave velocity can be
calculated according to the following formula:
a=
L
Ln
an
96
XINXING PIPES
97
4.5.5.2 The formula to calculate water hammer phase is as following:

Time required for the water hammer wave to be transmitted one round in the pipeline is 2L/a, namely phase
or water hammer phase.
Tf =
2L
a
4.6 Depth of cover for pipeline

The theoretical allowable depths of cover for pipes with different pressure levels are calculated in
accordance with ISO 10803, and three different traffic load factor values, six soil groups and five types of
(s)
pipe trenches are assumed. Some calculation results are shown in the table below, which can be referred to
Where: Tf water hammer phase (s)
by various designers.
In general, if the allowable depths of cover is not adequate in height, pipes with higher pressure level shall
L pipe length (m)
4.5.5.3 Simplified calculation method of water hammer resulting from valve opening or
closing
1) Simple calculation on water hammer resulting from swift opening or closing valve
(Under the conditions of the valve switching time: T <Tf )
be selected to meet the requirements of height depths cover.

Traffic load factor -
The following values are given:
1.5:this is the general cases,except access roads;
0.75:road where truck traffic is prohibited;
a
H -H0= (V-VO)
g
0.5:all other cases
2) Simple calculation on water hammer resulting from slowly opening or closing valve
(Under the conditions of the valve switching time: T Tf )
In this case where a national standard exists for the traffic loadings, the value of may be given as follows:
=P/100
Where: P is the wheel load, in kilonewtons, for a particular type of load according to the respective national
2La
H -H0= (V-VO)
gt
standard.
For all pipelines, shall be designed as 0.5 at least, while the pipelines adjacent to the road shall be
Where: HoPressure under the stable flow state (m)
designed to withstand the full loads of road.
vo flow velocity under the stable flow state (m / sec.)
H pressure at a given moment after valve operation (m)
v flow velocity at a given moment after valve operation (m / sec.)
Note 1: When H < 0.3m, the formula is not applicable

Note 2: For the pipelines buried under the railway or airport or places subjected to heavy traffic load special
When all valves are closed and v = 0, H-Ho=a.vo/g is the maximum additional pressure resulting from water
requirements shall be added according to the respective national standards and regulations construction.
hammer.
Soil classification
These simplified formulas provide assessment methods for maximum water hammer with the issues must
The following soil groups classify different soils for embedments, i.e. soils which are used for placement
be considered as below:
in the trench surrounding the pipe, compacted or uncompacted, to provide support for the pipeline. These
Assumptions: there are protection measures available for pipeline against water hammer and the head
groups classify naturally occurring soils as well as manufactured materials. The groups are also for use in
losses is negligible. In addition, no constraint is considered, such as pump turbine operation, pressure drop
classifying undisturbed trench wall materials.
of the saturation vapor, and so on.
Soil group A: angular graded stone (6 mm to 40 mm), also including a number of fill materials which have
regional significance, such as crushed stone, crushed gravel, pea gravel and crushed shells.
4.5.5.4 Simplified calculation of pump-stopping water hammer

Calculation of the pump-stopping water hammer is very complex, which can be done only with the help of
a computer. For the pump-stopping water hammer of most water pipeline, the designer can directly use
Parmakian nomogram of pump-stopping water hammer.
After all, the analysis and calculation on water hammer of the pump station is to regulate management and
operation of pump station and maintain the units in good conditions. In practice, the operation specification
shall be followed to operate and manage the pump station. It is forbidden to take place mal-operations. The
Soil group B: coarse; grained soils with little or no fines. No particles larger than 40 mm.
Soil group C: coarse; grained soils with fines and fine-grained soils with medium to no plasticity, with
more than 25 % coarse particles, liquid limit less than 50 %.
Soil group D: fine; grained soils with medium to no plasticity, with less than 25 % coarse particles, liquid
limit less than 50 %.
Soil group E: fine; grained soils with medium to high plasticity, liquid limit greater than 50 %.
factors leading to water hammer shall be found in time to eliminate the hidden dangers, so that the pump
station can be safely and economicaly operated.
98
XINXING PIPES
99
Soil group F: organic soils.
Allowable Depth of Cover for K9 Cement Mortar Lining Pipes Conforming to ISO 2531 (continued)
Type of pipe trench
Allowable Depth of Cover/m
Trench type 1: embedment dumped
DN
Trench type 2: embedment with very light compaction, greater than 75 % standard Proctor density;
Trench type 3: embedment with light compaction, greater than 80 % standard Proctor density;
Trench type 4: embedment with medium compaction, greater than 85 % standard Proctor density;
Trench type 5: embedment with high compaction, greater than 90 % standard Proctor density.
800
NOTE: Pipes are normally placed on a flat-bottomed trench when a suitable uniform support can be
achieved; in other cases, a layer of loose soil is used as lower bedding.
Allowable Depth of Cover for K9 Cement Mortar Lining Pipes Conforming to ISO 2531
1000
Allowable depth of cover/m

DN
100
200
300
500
Soil Type
(=0.5/0.75/1.5)
(=0.5/0.75/1.5)a
Soil Type
Trench Type 1
Trench Type 2
Trench Type 3
Trench Type 4
Trench Type 5
8.8/8.8/8.6
9.1/9.0/8.9
10.5/10.5/10.4
13.8/13.7/13.7
19.9/19.9/19.8
7.1/7.0/6.8
7.3/7.3/7.0
8.7/8.7/8.5
11.2/11.2/11.1
15.6/15.5/15.5
5.3/5.3/5.0
6.1/6.0/5.8
6.9/6.8/6.6
8.7/8.6/8.4
12.7/12.7/12.6
4.8/4.7/4.3
5.5/5.4/5.2
6.3/6.2/6.0
8.0/7.9/7.8
10.5/10.5/10.3
E/F
4.2/4.0/3.7
4.3/4.2/3.8
4.4/4.3/4.0
4.8/4.7/4.3
5.4/5.3/5.1
7.9/7.9/7.7
8.2/8.1/8.0
9.6/9.6/9.5
12.8/12.8/12.7
18.8/18.8/18.7
6.2/6.2/5.9
6.4/6.3/6.1
7.8/7.8/7.6
10.3/10.2/10.1
14.5/14.4/14.4
4.5/4.4/4.0
5.2/5.1/4.8
6.0/5.9/5.7
7.7/7.6/7.4
11.6/11.6/11.5
3.9/3.7/3.3
4.6/4.5/4.2
5.4/5.3/5.0
7.0/7.0/6.8
9.4/9.4/9.3
E/F
3.3/3.1/2.6c
3.4/3.2/2.7c
3.5/3.3/2.9c
3.7/3.6/3.2
4.3/4.2/3.8
Trench Type 1
Trench Type 2
Trench Type 3
Trench Type 4
Trench Type 5
7.4/7.4/7.2
7.7/7.6/7.4
9.1/9.0/8.9
12.2/12.2/12.1
18.2/18.1/18.1
50b/50b /50b
50b/50b /50b
50b/50b /50b
50b/50b /50b
50b/50b /50b
5.7/5.6/5.4
5.9/5.8/5.6
7.3/7.2/7.0
9.7/9.6/9.5
13.8/13.8/13.7
50b/50b
/50b
50b/50b
/50b
50b/50b
/50b
50b/50b
/50b
50b/50b
/50b
3.9/3.8/3.5
4.7/4.6/4.3
5.4/5.4/5.1
7.1/7.0/6.8
10.9/10.9/10.8
50b/50b
/50b
50b/50b
/50b
50b/50b
/50b
50b/50b
/50b
50b/50b
/50b
3.3/3.2/2.7c
4.1/4.0/3.6
4.8/4.8/4.4
6.4/6.4/6.2
8.8/8.7/8.6
50b/50b
/50b
50b/50b
/50b
50b/50b
/50b
50b/50b
/50b
50b/50b
/50b
2.8/2.7/ d
2.9/2.7/ d
3.2/3.0/2,5c
3.6/3.5/3.1
1200
E/F
2.7/2.5/ d
E/F
50b/50b /50b
50b/50b /50b
50b/50b /50b
50b/50b /50b
50b/50b /50b
7.0/6.9/6.7
7.2/7.1/7.0
8.6/8.6/8.4
11.7/11.7/11.6
17.6/17.5/17.5
18.9/18.8/18.7
19.4/19.4/19.3
20.6/20.6/20.5
23.1/23.0/23.0
28.1/28.1/28.0
5.3/5.2/4.9
5.4/5.3/5.1
6.8/6.8/6.5
9.2/9.1/9.0
13.3/13.2/13.1
18.1/18.0/17.9
18.6/18.6/18.5
19.7/19.7/19.6
21.8/21.8/21.7
26.1/26.0/26.0
3.5/3.3/3.0
4.2/4.1/3.8
5.0/4.9/4.6
6.6/6.5/6.3
10.4/10.3/10.2
17.2/17.2/17.1
18.0/18.0/17.9
18.8/18.8/18.7
20.6/20.6/20.5
24.7/24.7/24.6
2.9/2.7/2.1c
3.6/3.5/3.1
4.3/4.3/3.9
5.9/5.9/5.7
8.2/8.2/8.0
17.0/17.0/16.9
17.7/17.7/17.7
18.6/18.5/18.5
20.3/20.3/20.2
23.7/23.7/23.6
E/F
2.2/2.0/ d
2.3/2.1/ d
2.4/2.2/ d
2.6/2.4/ d
3.0/2.9/2.3c
E/F
16.7/16.7/16.6
17.2/17.2/17.1
17.7/17.7/17.6
18.8/18.8/18.7
21.3/21.2/21.2
6.7/6.7/6.5
6.9/6.8/6.7
8.3/8.3/8.2
11.4/11.4/11.3
17.2/17.2/17.1
13.3/13.2/13.1
13.6/13.6/13.5
14.8/14.8/14.7
17.3/17.3/17.2
22.3/22.2/22.2
5.0/4.9/4.7
5.1/5.1/4.8
6.5/6.4/6.3
8.8/8.8/8.7
12.9/12.9/12.8
12.2/12.2/12.0
12.5/12.5/12.4
13.7/13.6/13.5
15.7/15.7/15.6
19.6/19.6/19.5
3.2/3.1/2.7
3.9/3.8/3.5
4.7/4.6/4.3
6.3/6.2/6.0
10.0/10.0/9.9
11.1/11.1/10.9
11.8/11.8/11.7
12.5/12.5/12.4
14.1/14.1/14.0
17.8/17.7/17.7
3.3/3.2/2.8
4.0/4.0/3.7
5.6/5.6/5.3
7.8/7.8/7.7
10.8/10.7/10.6
11.4/11.4/11.3
12.2/12.1/12.0
13.7/13.7/13.6
16.4/16.4/16.3
E/F
1.9/1.7/ d
2.0/1.8/ d
2.1/1.9/ d
2.3/2.1/ d
2.7/2.5/1.9c
E/F
10.4/10.4/10.2
10.7/10.7/10.5
11.0/11.0/10.9
11.8/11.7/11.6
13.3/13.3/13.1
6.6/6.5/6.4
6.8/6.7/6.6
8.2/8.1/8.0
11.3/11.2/11.2
17.0/17.0/17.0
9.8/9.8/9.7
10.1/10.1/10.0
11.4/11.4/11.3
14.2/14.2/14.1
19.6/19.6/19.5
4.8/4.8/4.5
5.0/4.9/4.7
6.3/6.3/6.2
8.7/8.7/8.6
12.7/12.7/12.6
8.5/8.4/8.2
8.7/8.7/8.5
9.9/9.9/9.8
12.2/12.1/12.0
16.1/16.1/16.0
3.1/3.0/2.6
3.8/3.7/3.4
4.5/4.5/4.2
6.1/6.1/5.9
9.8/9.8/9.7
7.1/7.0/6.8
7.8/7.7/7.5
8.5/8.4/8.2
10.1/10.0/9.9
13.8/13.7/13.6
2.5/2.3/ d
3.2/3.1/2.7
3.9/3.8/3.5
5.5/5.4/5.2
7.7/7.6/7.5
6.6/6.5/6.3
7.3/7.2/7.0
8.0/7.9/7.7
9.5/9.5/9.3
12.0/11.9/11.8
E/F
1.8/1.6/ d
1.8/1.7/ d
2.0/1.7/ d
E/F
6.1/6.0/5.8
6.3/6.2/6.0
6.5/6.4/6.2
6.9/6.9/6.6
7.8/7.8/7.6
1500
1800
2000
2.6/2.4/
2.1/1.9/
2.5/2.3/ d
a The traffic load factors applicable to all burial depths are given as 0.5, 0.75 and 1.5;
b The allowable burial depth exceeds 50 m;
c The min burial depth must be more than 1 m;
d Not recommended.
100
XINXING PIPES
101
Allowable Depth of Cover for C-class Cement Mortar Lining Pipes Conforming to ISO 2531
Allowable Depth of Cover for C-class Cement Mortar Lining Pipes Conforming to ISO 2531 (continued)

DN
80
100
125
150
200
250
(=0.5/0.75/1.5)a
Soil Type
DN
Trench Type 1
Trench Type 2
Trench Type 3
Trench Type 4
Trench Type 5
39.4/39.4/39.4
40.5/40.5/40.5
42.1/42.1/42.0
45.5/45.5/45.4
d/d/d
38.9/38.9/38.9
40.0/40.0/40.0
41.6/41.5/41.5
44.7/44.7/44.7
d/d/d
38.4/38.4/38.3
39.7/39.7/39.6
41.0/41.0/41.0
44.0/44.0/43.9
d/d/d
38.2/38.2/38.2
39.5/39.5/39.4
40.8/40.8/40.8
43.8/43.8/43.7
E/F
38.1/38.1/38.0
39.2/39.2/39.1
40.3/40.3/40.3
27.3/27.3/27.2
28.1/28.1/28.0
26.7/26.7/26.5
Trench Type 1
Trench Type 2
Trench Type 3
Trench Type 4
Trench Type 5
10.4/10.3/10.2
107/10.6/10.5
11.9/11.9/11.7
14.5/14.4/14.3
19.5/19.5/19.4
9.1/9.1/8.9
9.4/9.4/9.2
10.6/10.5/10.4
12.6/12.6/12.5
16.4/16.3/16.2
7.9/7.8/7.6
8.6/8.5/8.3
9.3/9.2/9.0
10.8/10.7/10.6
14.3/14.2/14.1
49.9/49.9/49.8
7.5/7.4/7.2
8.1/8.1/7.9
8.8/8.8/8.6
10.3/10.3/10.1
12.7/12.7/12.6
42.8/42.8/42.8
48.4/48.4/48.3
E/F
7.1/7.0/6.8
7.3/7.2/7.0
7.5/7.4/7.2
8.0/7.9/7.7
9.1/9.0/8.8
29.3/29.3/29.3
32.1/32.1/32.0
37.8/37.8/37.8
8.5/8.5/8.3
8.8/8.7/8.5
10.0/9.9/9.8
12.6/12.5/12.4
17.6/17.6/17.4
27.4/27.4/27.4
28.7/28.7/28.6
31.2/31.2/31.1
36.3/36.3/36.2
7.2/7.1/6.9
7.4/7.3/7.1
8.6/8.5/8.3
10.6/10.6/10.4
14.2/14.2/14.1
26.1/26.1/26.0
27.0/27.0/27.0
28.0/28.0/28.0
30.3/30.3/30.2
35.2/35.2/35.2
5.8/5.8/5.5
6.5/6.4/6.2
7.1/7.1/6.9
8.6/8.6/8.4
12.0/12.0/11.8
25.9/25.8/25.8
26.8/26.8/26.7
27.8/27.8/27.8
30.0/30.0/30.0
34.5/34.4/34.4
5.4/5.3/5.0
6.0/5.9/5.7
6.7/6.6/6.4
8.1/8.1/7.9
10.3/10.3/10.1
E/F
25.7/25.6/25.6
26.4/26.4/26.3
27.2/27.2/27.1
28.9/28.9/28.8
32.6/32.6/32.6
E/F
4.9/4.8/4.5
5.1/5.0/4.7
5.2/5.2/4.9
5.6/5.5/5.2
6.4/6.3/6.1
19.9/19.9/19.8
20.4/20.4/20.3
21.6/21.6/21.5
24.0/24.0/23.9
29.0/29.0/29.0
7.4/7.4/7.2
7.7/7.6/7.4
8.9/8.8/8.6
11.5/11.4/11.3
16.5/16.4/16.3
19.1/19.1/19.0
19.7/19.7/19.6
20.8/20.8/20.7
22.9/22.9/22.8
27.1/27.1/27.1
6.1/6.0/5.7
6.2/6.2/5.9
7.4/7.3/7.1
9.4/9.4/9.2
13.0/13.0/12.8
18.4/18.4/18.3
19.2/19.2/19.1
20.0/20.0/19.9
21.8/21.8/21.7
25.9/25.9/25.8
4.7/4.5/4.2
5.3/5.2/4.9
5.9/5.9/5.6
7.4/7.3/7.1
10.7/10.6/10.5
18.2/18.1/18.0
18.9/18.9/18.8
19.7/19.7/19.6
21.5/21.5/21.4
25.0/24.9/24.8
4.2/4.1/3.7
4.8/4.7/4.4
5.4/5.4/5.1
6.9/6.8/6.6
8.9/8.9/8.7
E/F
17.9/17.9/17.8
18.4/18.4/18.3
19.0/18.9/18.9
20.2/20.2/20.1
22.8/22.8/22.7
E/F
3.7/3.6/3.1
3.8/3.7/3.2
4.0/3.8/3.4
4.2/4.1/3.7
4.8/4.7/4.4
14.9/14.9/14.8
15.4/15.3/15.2
16.4/16.4/16.3
18.8/18.7/18.7
23.4/23.4/23.4
7.1/7.0/6.8
7.3/7.3/7.1
8.5/8.5/8.3
11.2/11.2/11.0
16.3/16.2/16.1
14.0/14.0/13.9
14.5/14.4/14.3
15.5/15.5/15.4
17.5/17.4/17.4
21.2/21.2/21.1
5.7/5.6/5.3
5.9/5.8/5.5
7.0/7.0/6.8
9.1/9.0/8.9
12.7/12.7/12.5
13.2/13.1/13.0
13.9/13.8/13.7
14.6/14.5/14.4
16.1/16.1/16.0
19.7/19.7/19.6
4.2/4.1/3.7
4.9/4.8/4.4
5.5/5.4/5.2
7.0/6.9/6.7
10.3/10.3/10.1
12.9/12.8/12.7
13.6/13.5/13.4
14.3/14.2/14.1
15.8/15.8/15.7
18.6/18.6/18.5
3.7/3.6/3.1
4.4/4.3/3.9
5.0/4.9/4.6
6.4/6.4/6.1
8.5/8.5/8.3
E/F
12.8/12.5/12.4
12.9/12.9/12.8
13.3/13.3/13.2
14.2/14.1/14.0
16.0/1.06/15.9
E/F
3.2/3.1/2.4 c
3.3/3.2/2.6c
3.5/3.3/2.7
3.7/3.6/3.1
4.3/4.1/3.8
10.9/10.8/10.7
11.2/11.1/11.0
12.3/12.3/12.1
14.7/14.7/14.6
19.5/19.4/19.4
7.2/7.1/6.9
7.4/7.4/7.2
8.7/8.6/8.5
11.4/11.4/11.3
16.6/16.6/16.5
9.8/9.7/9.6
10.1/10.0/9.9
11.1/11.1/11.0
13.1/13.0/12.9
16.7/16.6/16.6
5.7/5.7/5.4
5.9/5.8/5.6
7.1/7.1/6.9
9.2/9.2/9.0
12.9/12.9/12.8
8.7/8.6/8.4
9.3/9.2/9.1
10.0/9.9/9.8
11.4/11.4/11.3
14.8/14.8/14.7
4.2/4.1/3.7
4.9/4.8/4.5
5.6/5.5/5.2
7.0/7.0/6.8
10.5/10.4/10.3
8.3/8.2/8.0
8.9/8.9/8.7
9.6/9.5/9.4
11.0/11.0/10.8
13.4/13.4/13.3
3.7/3.6/3.1
4.4/4.3/3.9
5.0/5.0/4.6
6.5/6.4/6.2
8.6/8.6/8.4
E/F
7.9/7.9/7.7
8.1/8.1/7.9
8.4/8.3/8.2
8.9/8.9/8.7
10.1/10.1/9.9
E/F
3.2/3.1/2.4 c
3.3/3.2/2.6c
3.4/3.3/2.7
3.7/3.6/3.1
4.2/4.1/3.7
10.6/10.5/10.4
10.9/10.8/107
12.0/12.0/11.9
14.6/14.5/14.4
19.4/19.4/19.3
7.5/7.4/7.2
7.7/7.6/7.5
9.0/9.0/8.8
11.9/11.9/11.7
17.3/17.3/17.2
9.4/9.4/9.2
9.7/9.6/9.5
10.8/10.8/10.6
12.8/12.8/12.7
16.5/16.4/16.3
5.9/5.8/5.6
6.1/6.0/5.8
7.4/7.3/7.1
9.6/9.5/9.4
13.5/13.4/13.3
8.2/8.2/8.0
8.9/8.8/8.7
9.6/9.5/9.4
11.1/11.0/10.9
14.5/14.5/14.4
4.3/4.2/3.9
5.0/4.9/4.6
5.7/5.6/5.4
7.3/7.2/7.0
10.9/10.8/10.7
7.8/7.8/7.6
8.5/8.4/8.3
9.2/9.1/8.9
10.6/10.6/10.4
13.0/13.0/12.9
3.8/3.7/3.2
4.5/4.4/4.0
5.2/5.1/4.8
6.7/6.6/6.4
8.9/8.9/8.7
E/F
7.5/7.4/7.2
7.7/7.6/7.4
7.9/7.9/7.7
8.4/8.4/8.2
9.5/9.5/9.3
E/F
3.3/3.1/2.5c
3.4/3.2/2.6
3.5/3.3/2.8
3.7/3.6/3.1
4.3/4.2/3.8
6.5/6.5/6.3
6.7/6.7/6.5
8.1/8.1/7.9
11.1/11.0/10.9
16.6/16.6/16.5
4.9/4.8/4.5
5.0/5.0/4.7
6.4/6.3/6.1
8.6/8.6/8.4
12.5/12.5/12.4
3.2/3.0/2.4 c
3.9/3.8/3.4
4.6/4.5/4.2
6.26.1/5.9
9.8/9.7/9.6
2.6/2.4/d
3.3/3.2/2.6
4.0/3.9/3.5
5.6/5.5/5.2
7.7/7.6/7.5
E/F
2.0/1.6/d
2.0/1.7/d
2.1/1.8/d
2.3/2.1/d
2.7/2.5/d
300
350
400
450
500
600
700
102
XINXING PIPES
(=0.5/0.75/1.5)a
Soil Type
103

DN
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1400
1500
104
XINXING PIPES
(=0.5/0.75/1.5)a
Soil Type
DN
Trench Type 1
Trench Type 2
Trench Type 3
Trench Type 4
Trench Type 5
6.5/6.5/6.3
6.8/6.7/6.6
8.2/8.2/8.0
11.3/11.3/11.2
17.1/17.1/17.0
4.9/4.8/4.5
5.0/4.9/4.7
6.4/6.3/6.1
8.8/8.7/8.6
12.8/12.8/12.7
3.1/2.9/2.3c
3.8/3.7/3.3
4.6/4.5/4.1
6.2/6.1/5.9
9.9/9.9/9.8
2.4/2.2/d
3.2/3.0/2.4c
3.9/3.8/3.4
5.5/5.5/5.2
E/F
1.8/1.2/d
1.8/1.4/d
1.9/1.6/d
6.5/6.5/6.3
6.7/6.7/6.5
4.8/4.7/4.4
(=0.5/0.75/1.5)a
Soil Type
Trench Type 1
Trench Type 2
Trench Type 3
Trench Type 4
Trench Type 5
5.5/5.4/5.2
5.6/5.6/5.4
7.0/6.9/6.8
10.0/10.0/9.9
15.7/15.6/15.6
3.7/3.6/3.3
3.8/3.7/3.4
5.1/5.1/4.9
7.4/7.4/7.3
11.3/11.3/11.2
1.8/1.5/d
2.6/2.4/1.6c
3.3/3.2/2.8
4.9/4.8/4.6
8.4/8.4/8.3
7.7/7.7/7.5
0.9/d/d
1.9/1.6/d
2.7/2.5/1.8c
4.2/4.1/3.8
6.3/6.2/6.0
2.1/1.8/d
2.5/2.3/d
E/F
d/d/d
d/d/d
d/d/d
d/d/d
d/d/d
8.2/8.1/8.0
11.3/11.2/11.1
17.1/17.0/17.0
5.4/5.4/5.2
5.6/5.5/5.3
7.0/6.9/6.8
10.0/10.0/9.9
15.6/15.6/15.5
5.0/4.9/4.6
6.3/6.3/6.1
8.7/8.6/8.5
12.7/12.7/12.6
3.7/3.6/3.3
3.8/3.7/3.4
5.1/5.1/4.9
7.4/7.4/7.2
11.3/11.3/11.2
3.0/2.9/2.3c
3.7/3.6/3.2
4.5/4.4/4.1
6.1/6.0/5.8
9.8/9.8/9.7
1.8/1.6/d
2.5/2.4/1.7c
3.3/3.2/2.8
4.8/4.8/4.6
8.4/8.4/8.3
2.4/2.2/d
3.1/3.0/2.4 c
3.9/3.8/3.4
5.5/5.4/5.1
7.7/7.6/7.4
0.9/d/d
1.9/1.6/d
2.6/2.5/1.9
4.2/4.1/3.8
6.2/6.2/6.0
E/F
1/7/d/d
1.8/1.3/d
1.8/1.5/d
2.0/1.7/d
2.4/2.2/d
E/F
d/d/d
d/d/d
d/d/d
d/d/d
d/d/d
6.5/6.4/6.2
6.7/6.6/6.4
8.1/8.1/7.9
11.2/11.2/11.0
17.0/17.0/16.9
5.4/5.4/5.2
5.6/5.5/5.4
7.0/6.9/6.8
10.0/10.0/9.9
15.6/15.6/15.5
4.8/4.7/4.4
4.9/4.8/4.5
6.3/6.2/6.0
8.6/8.6/8.4
12.7/12.6/12.5
3.7/3.6/3.3
3.8/3.7/3.4
5.1/5.1/4.9
7.4/7.4/7.2
11.3/11.3/11.2
3.0/2.8/2.1 c
3.7/3.6/3.2
4.4/4.3/4.0
6.0/6.0/5.8
9.8/9.7/9.6
1.8/1.6/d
2.6/2.4/1.8
3.3/3.2/2.8
4.8/4.8/4.6
8.4/8.4/8.3
2.3/2.1/d
3.1/2.9/2.3c
3.8/3.7/3.3
5.4/5.3/5.1
7.6/7.5/7.4
1.0/d/d
1.9/1.7/d
2.6/2.5/2.0
4.2/4.1/3.9
6.2/6.2/6.0
E/F
1.6/d/d
1.7/d/d
1.8/1.4/d
2.0/1.7/d
2.3/2.1/d
E/F
d/d/d
d/d/d
d/d/d
d/d/d
d/d/d
5.5/5.4/5.2
5.7/5.6/5.4
7.1/7.0/6.8
10.1/10.0/9.9
15.7/15.7/15.6
3.7/3.6/3.2
3.9/3.8/3.4
5.2/5.2/4.9
7.5/7.5/7.3
11.4/11.4/11.3
1.8/1.5/d
2.6/2.4/d
3.4/3.2/2.7
4.9/4.8/4.6
8.5/8.5/8.3
d/d/d
1.9/1.6/d
2.7/2.5/d
4.3/4.2/3.8
6.3/6.3/6.1
E/F
d/d/d
d/d/d
d/d/d
d/d/d
d/d/d
5.5/5.4/5.2
5.6/5.6/5.4
7.0/7.0/6.8
10.1/10.0/9.9
15.7/15.7/15.6
3.7/3.6/3.2
3.8/3.7/3.4
5.2/5.1/4.9
7.5/7.4/7.3
11.4/11.3/11.2
1.8/1.5/d
2.6/2.4/d
3.3/3.2/2.7
4.9/4.8/4.6
8.5/8.4/8.3
d/d/d
1.9/1.6/d
2.7/2.5/d
4.2/4.1/3.8
6.3/6.2/6.0
E/F
d/d/d
d/d/d
d/d/d
d/d/d
d/d/d
5.5/5.4/5.2
5.6/5.6/5.4
7.0/7.0/6.8
10.0/10.0/9.9
15.7/15.7/15.6
3.7/3.6/3.2
3.8/3.7/3.4
5.2/5.1/4.9
7.5/7.4/7.3
11.4/11.3/11.2
1.8/1.5/d
2.6/2.4/d
3.3/3.2/2.8
4.9/4.8/4.6
8.5/8.4/8.3
d/d/d
1.9/1.6/d
2.7/2.5/1.7c
4.2/4.1/3.8
6.3/6.2/6.0
E/F
d/d/d
d/d/d
d/d/d
d/d/d
d/d/d
5.4/5.4/5.2
5.6/5.5/5.3
7.0/6.9/6.8
10.0/10.0/9.9
15.7/15.6/15.6
3.7/3.6/3.2
3.8/3.7/3.4
5.2/5.1/4.9
7.5/7.4/7.3
11.3/11.3/11.2
1.8/1.5/d
2.6/2.4/d
3.3/3.2/2.8
4.9/4.8/4.5
8.4/8.4/8.3
d/d/d
1.9/1.6/d
2.6/2.5/1.7c
4.2/4.1/3.8
6.3/6.2/6.0
E/F
d/d/d
d/d/d
d/d/d
d/d/d
d/d/d
1600
1800
2000
a The traffic load factors applicable to all the burial depths are given as 0.5, 0.75 and 1.5;
b The allowable burial depth exceeds 50 m;
c The min burial depth must be more than 1 m;
d Not recommended.
105
4.7 Anchoring methods and design
4.7.1.3 Reducing pipe
When the pipe changes direction (at the bends or tees), blank flanges (at each end), or changes size (at
the tapers), hydraulic thrust will occur in the water pipeline. On this occasion, the restrictive measures shall
be taken to keep the pipeline from being affected. There are several restrictive methods available, among
them, the concrete anchor blocks and self-anchored joint are the most common methods.
4 .7.1 Thrust force
thrust force occurring at reducing pipes
The thrust force F is related to maximum field test pressure P of pipeline, sectional area of the pipe or elbow
angle, etc., which can be calculated as follows:
Calculation formula F=Px(A-a) (N)
4.7.1.1 Tees and pipe end
Where: (A-a) difference of the cross sectional areas on both ends of the reducing pipe
F
Reference Value of Thrust at Fittings With Hydraulic Pressure of 10bar

Thrust F1 (tonf)
Tees and
blank
flanges
22.5 bends 11.3 bends
DN
DE(mm)
Hydraulic
pressure (bar)
90 bends
45 bends
80
98
10
1.1
0.6
0.3
0.1
0.8
100
118
10
1.5
0.8
0.4
0.2
1.1
Calculation formula F = P x A (N)
200
222
10
5.5
3.0
1.5
0.8
3.9
Where: P test pressure (generally maximum field test pressure, Pa) as prescribed in the acceptance
300
326
10
11.8
6.4
3.3
1.6
8.3
400
429
10
20.4
11.1
5.6
2.8
14.5
500
532
10
31.4
17.0
8.7
4.4
22.2
600
635
10
44.8
24.2
12.4
6.2
31.7
700
738
10
60.5
32.7
16.7
8.4
42.8
800
842
10
78.7
42.6
21.7
10.9
55.7
900
945
10
99.2
53.7
27.4
13.7
70.1
1000
1048
10
122.0
66.0
33.7
16.9
86.3
1100
1152
10
147.4
79.8
40.7
20.4
104.2
1200
1255
10
174.9
94.7
48.3
24.2
123.7
1400
1462
10
237.4
128.5
65.5
32.9
167.9
1500
1565
10
272.0
147.2
75.1
37.7
192.4
1600
1668
10
309.0
167.2
85.3
42.8
218.5
1800
1875
10
390.5
211.3
107.7
54.1
276.1
2000
2082
10
481.5
260.6
132.8
66.7
340.4
thrust force occurring at tees
thrust force occurring at blank flanges
criteria
A cross sectional area of the branch pipes or blank flange(m )
2
4.7.1.2 Bend Tee with angled branch

F
F
thrust force occurring at bends
(N)
2
Where: A cross sectional area of the pipe
Calculation formula F=2xPxAxsin
thrust force occurring at angled branch
Calculation formula F=PxAxsin (N)

1
The values of thrust F in the above table are calculated on the basis of actual OD of pipes
Angle of the elbow
106
XINXING PIPES
107
4.7.2 Form of concrete anchor blocks
4.7.2.2 anchor block for bends
4.7.2.1 Anchor block for tees and pipe end
settlement point
joint
ground surface
settlement point joint

H5
settlement joint
H1
D/2 D/2
H1
L/2
L/2
D/2 D/2
L/2
H2
settlement
joint
200
H5
L/2
H2
ground surface
Horizontal bend anchor blochs

Anchor blocks of vertical tees
H1
glass wool clothes and straw ropes
D/2 D/2
H1
L/2
H2
settlement joint
L/2
settlement joint
H5
H2
ground surface
B
B
200
200
500
glass wool clothes and straw ropes
500
Horizontal bend anchor blochs
Anchor blocks of plug
108
XINXING PIPES
109
4.7.3 Anchor blocks design
4.7.3.2 Anchor blocks of straight up bend
When designing the concrete blocks , full consideration shall be
The vertical component N of resultant external thrusts F on the
taken to provide sufficient resistance so as to bear thrust under
crossing section of the straight up bend and the weight of water
any conditions, including laying conditions and ground conditions,
filling in the pipe are supported by the subsoil at the bottom
size and weight of the blocks , weight of backfilled soil , soil
surface of the blocks, the projective area of the half-packed
reaction against the blocks, as well as friction between pipe and the
blocks is calculated with the following formula:
surrounding soil.
S=
Blocks shall not be built on soft soil. For soft soil, the soil around the
blocks shall be replaced with sand or other applicable material that
can provide adequate soil reaction against the blocks.
N+G1
[R]-H
(m )
Where: N vertical component of F (kN)
The bearing capacity of the ground shall be carefully checked. If it is
G1 total weight of water filled in bends and pipe
relatively small, then the foundation area of concrete blocks can be
acting on the blocks (kN)
expanded, or the groundation should be strengthened.
[R] allowable bearing capacity of foundation

(kPa)
4.7.3.1 Design of anchor blocks for tees, horizontal
concrete gravity density (kN/m2)
bends and blank flanges
H height of blocks (m)
The resultant force F of the external thrust on the crossing section

shall be less than sum of the soil reaction against the blocks at
4.7.3.3 Anchor blocks of straight down bend
the back of blocks and bottom friction of the blocks, i.e., KFtotal
The vertical component N of resultant external thrust F son the
resistance of anchor blocks T:
crossing section of straight down bend shall be less than the

total weight (G1+G2)of anchor blocks; the horizontal component
T: T=K(T1+T2 ) (N)
Np shall be less than the allowable friction be supported by the

pipe joint:
Where: K safety coefficient, K 1.5
Np=F x sin
T1 soil reaction against the blocks (N)

T2 bottom friction (N)
f(G1+G3-N)+T1
Where: G1 total weight of water filled in bends and pipe

acting on the anchor blocks (N)
G3 total weight of the anchor blocks (N)
f friction coefficient between the anchor blocks
and soil.
T1 passive earth pressure (N)
The straight down bend shall be selected ones with small angle
as possible to reduce weight of the anchor blocks.
110
XINXING PIPES
111
4.7.4 Anchoring length of self-anchored system
Anchoring Length of Self-anchored Pipe (for Reference Only)
It is impossible to set the anchored concrete anchor blocks under some special circumstances, such as:
No sufficient space for the specified anchor blocks due to too narrow construction site;
When the pipeline is crossing a river or a bridge;
Dimentions in millimeters
DN
Covering
height
When the pipeline is crossing a swamp

Therefore, during design and construction of ductile iron pipe, a special fitting or equipment is required to
properly connect relevant pipes and fittings together, making the pipeline connection flexible and rigid, so
that the joints of pipeline at this section can pass force between each other. The friction generated between
the pipeline and the surrounding soil can effectively offset the stress generated in the axial and radial
directions, thus the anchor blocks can be eleminated.
This joint can resist the thrust in places where space is limited or where soil behind the fitting is unable to
provide sufficient support. This restriction method involves the proper locations of these special joints and
Dead end
1.0
1.5
90
2.0
1.0
1.5
45
2.0
1.0
1.5
22.5
2.0
1.0
1.5
11.25
2.0
1.0
1.5
2.0
80
5.9
3.9
2.8
4.6
3.0
2.2
2.9
1.9
1.4
1.6
1.1
0.8
0.9
0.6
0.5
100
7.2
4.8
3.5
5.6
3.7
2.7
3.5
2.3
1.7
2.0
1.3
1.0
1.0
0.7
0.5
125
8.8
5.9
4.4
6.9
4.6
3.4
4.3
2.9
2.1
2.4
1.6
1.2
1.3
0.9
0.6
150
10.1
6.9
5.1
8.0
5.4
4.0
4.9
3.3
2.5
2.8
1.9
1.4
1.5
1.0
0.7
200
13.4
9.1
6.9
10.5
7.2
5.4
6.5
4.5
3.4
3.7
2.5
1.9
1.9
1.3
1.0
250
16.4
11.4
8.6
12.9
8.9
6.8
8.0
5.5
4.2
4.5
3.1
2.4
2.4
1.6
1.2
300
19.4
13.5
10.3
15.2
10.6
8.1
9.5
6.6
5.0
5.3
3.7
2.8
2.8
2.0
1.5
400
24.9
17.7
13.6
19.5
13.9
10.7
12.1
8.6
6.6
6.8
4.8
3.7
3.6
2.6
2.0
450
27.7
19.8
15.3
21.7
15.5
12.1
13.5
9.7
7.5
7.6
5.4
4.2
4.0
2.9
2.2
fittings, so as to determine number of pipes at each side of the joint in advance.
500
30.0
21.6
16.8
23.6
16.9
13.2
14.6
10.5
8.2
8.2
5.9
4.6
4.3
3.1
2.4
Xinxing can provide the ductile iron pipe with self-anchored joint as follows:
600
34.6
25.2
19.7
27.2
19.8
15.5
16.9
12.3
9.6
9.5
6.9
5.4
5.0
3.7
2.9
700
38.8
28.6
22.5
30.5
22.4
17.7
18.9
13.9
11.0
10.6
7.8
6.2
5.6
4.1
3.3
2) Xanchor self-anchored joint ductile iron pipe (see Section 1.6 for details)
800
42.6
31.6
25.1
33.4
24.9
19.7
20.8
15.4
12.2
11.6
8.7
6.9
6.2
4.6
3.6
900
46.2
34.7
27.7
36.3
27.2
21.7
22.5
16.9
13.5
12.6
9.5
7.6
6.7
5.0
4.0
Anchoring length of self-anchored pipe
1000
49.6
37.6
30.1
39.0
29.5
23.7
24.2
18.3
14.7
13.6
10.3
8.2
7.2
5.4
4.4
Restrained length is to calculate how many pipes with self-anchored joints shall be needed along two sides
1100
52.8
40.3
32.5
41.5
31.7
25.5
25.8
19.7
15.9
14.4
11.0
8.9
7.7
5.8
4.7
1) TF self-anchored joint ductile iron pipe (see Section 1.5 for details)
of the bend, so as to counteract hydraulic thrust force caused by the pressured liquid within the bend with
1200
55.7
42.9
34.8
43.7
33.7
27.3
27.2
20.9
17.0
15.2
11.7
9.5
8.1
6.2
5.0
1400
60.7
47.4
38.7
47.7
37.2
30.4
29.6
23.1
18.9
16.6
12.9
10.6
8.8
6.9
5.6
the frictional force between the pipe and the soil.
1600
65.8
52.0
42.9
51.7
40.9
33.7
32.1
25.4
21.0
18.0
14.2
11.7
9.5
7.5
6.2
The anchoring length for bend and pipe end are as following:
1800
69.0
55.1
45.8
54.2
43.3
36.0
33.7
26.9
22.3
18.9
15.1
12.5
10.0
8.0
6.6
ancho
gth
anch
Note: 1. The following factors shall be considered for the anchoring length of the self-anchored pipe:
ring le
len
oring
ngth
anchoring length
Laying conditions of the pipeline;

Backfilling quality and compactness of backfill;
Physical properties of backfill, such as internal friction angle;
bend portion
Terminal
2.The table above applies to the buried pipeline being coated with ordinary metallic zinc coating or metallic zinc and general
finishing layer in the ordinary soil with an internal friction angle of 30 , test pressure of 10 bar, and safety factor of 1.2.
3 When the DI pipe has PE sleeve or its external coating is polyurethane, the data in the table can be multiplied by 1.9; if
more accurate data are needed, please contact us.
4. If data in the table is divided by 10 and then multiplied by the pressure value (in bar) you need, the result can be
obtained for the pressure required;
112
XINXING PIPES
113
Chapter V
Construction,
Installation and
Acceptance of
Ductile Iron Pipe
114
XINXING PIPES
115
5.1 Trench excavation 118

5.1.1 Trench excavation shall comply with the following requirements
5.1.2 Trench width
5.1.3 Foundation treatment
5.2 Pipe installation 120
Chapter V
Construction,
Installation and
Acceptance of
Ductile Iron Pipe
5.2.1 Preparation
5.2.2 Installation of ductile iron pipe with T-type joint
5.2.3 Installation of ductile iron pipe with XT2-type joint
5.2.4 Installation of ductile iron pipe with TF self-anchored joint
5.2.5 Installation of ductile iron pipe with Xanchor self-anchored joint
5.2.6 Installation of PE protective sleeve
5.2.7 Construction of XTJ jacking pipe
5.2.8 Construction under special conditions
5.3 Trench backfill143
5.4 Site Repairing of coating 144
5.5 Methods of circle calibration 144
5.6 Pipe cutting 145
5.7 Welding of self-anchored joint bead 146
5.8 Repairing the damaged pipeline 148
5.9 Pressure test and acceptance150
5.9.1 Provisions on pressure test
5.9.2 Water injection
5.9.3 Pressure test procedure
5.9.4 Eligibility criteria
116
XINXING PIPES
117
5.1 Trench excavation
Table 1 Reference Width of Pipe Trench

5.1.1 Trench excavation shall comply with the following requirements:
DN
(1) The excavated section of the trench shall meet the design requirements; the original subsoil at the
trench bottom cannot be disturbed. For mechanical excavation, 200 ~ 300mm soil layer shall be reserved at
DN
80
680
700
1300
100
700
800
1400
the trench bottom which will be excavated manually to the designed elevation and then leveled off;
150
750
900
1500
(2) The trench bottom shall not be subject to water immersion or freezing, otherwise, it is necessary to use
200
800
1000
1600
sand gravel or limestone soil to backfill;
250
850
1100
1700
300
900
1200
1800
(3) When the soil layer at the trench bottom is miscellaneous fill or corrosive soil, they shall be excavated
350
950
1400
2000
completely and then the foundation shall be treated according to the design requirements;
400
1000
1500
2100
(4) Joint holes shall be reserved at each joint for the socket of the pipe, so as to ensure straightness of the
450
1050
1600
2200
pipe and meet the requirement of installation;
500
1100
1800
2400
600
1200
2000
2600
(5) For those influenced on the groundwater, the dewatering and drainage program for construction shall be
A. The W in above table refers to the clear width of a pipeline trench.
developed according to the design requirements.
B. If wood supports, baffles, braces and auxiliary means are used, the trench shall be widened to facilitate the
placement of them.
5 .1.3 Foundation treatment

(1) The pipeline foundation shall meet the design requirements. When strength of the natural foundation
of pipeline fails to meet the design requirements, it shall be reinforced in accordance with the design
requirements.
(2) When part of the original soil foundation is over-excavated or disturbed at the trench bottom, it shall be
treated in accordance with the following requirements:
When the over-excavation depth is no more than 150mm, it can be backfilled and compacted with the
original soil, which compactness shall not be less than that of the original foundation soil;
When the foundation soil at the trench bottom contains large amount of water and is not suitable to
5.1.2 Trench width

The trench shall be excavated in accordance with the design requirements. If no design requirements are
available, trench patterns can refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2, and the width W of the trench bottom can
refer to Table 1.
compact, some effective measures shall be taken, such as replacement.

When the foundation soil is disturbed due to impeded drainage, it can be treated as the following
methods:
When the disturbance depth is within 100mm, the naturally graded sandstone or gravel shall be used to
backfill;
When the disturbance depth is within 300mm and the lower part is hard, it is suitable to use the pebbles
or rubbles to backfill, then use the gravel to fill the gaps and level up the surface;
(3) When the original foundation is composed of rock or hard soil, a sand bed of 150 ~ 200mm in thickness
shoring
without shoring
Figure 1 Pipe trench in poor soil

118
XINXING PIPES
shall be paved beneath the pipeline;
Figure 2 Pipe trench in good soil

119
(4) Cleaning the joint parts for the pipe spigot and socket
Clean the joint parts of the pipe spigot and socket before the pipe laying, especially for location to place
gasket, where dust, sand, stones and other substances are not allowed.
5.2 Pipe installation
(5) Pipe plug

When the pipes are not in laying, measures shall be taken to seal the pipe ends under installation, so as to
5.2.1 Preparation
avoid sewage or sand in the trench from entering the pipes.
(1) Pipe laying

Prepare all tools, instruments and equipment ready as required before installation. All pipes, fittings, valves
and fire hydrants are arranged along both sides of the trench. Dont place at the side with piles of soil as
possible.
5.2.2 Installation of ductile iron pipe with T-type joint

(1) Installation of gasket
Put the gasket into the groove of the socket .

For the gasket with smaller size ( DN800), it shall be bent into the shape as shown in Figure 3 and
then put into the sealing groove of the socket ;
For the gasket with larger size (> DN800), it shall be bent into the shape as shown in Figure 4 and then
put into the sealing groove of the socket;
When the gasket is put into the socket, impose radial force to keep it fully into the groove of socket, as
shown in Figure 5;
(2) Putting pipes into the trench

Carefully put the pipe into the trench with the help of the crane, rope or other suitable tools or equipment.
Its forbidden to directly throw or dump the pipe in the trench.
The lifting shall be conducted in accordance with the requirements in 3.1 Lifting of ductile iron pipes.
(3) Inspection
Carefully check whether there is damage and other defects on the pipes before installation.
120
XINXING PIPES
Figure 3 DNDN800
Figure 4 DN
DN800
121
(2) Joint connection

While connecting, firstly align the socket and the spigot of two pipes, then slowly push the
spigot into the socket, and insert it between the two spigot lines, as shown in the Figure7.
Stop the installation immediately if too much resistance is found during inserting the ductile
iron pipe. Pull out the pipe and check location of the gasket, the socket and the spigot of the
pipe, identify the causes and handle them properly before re-installation.
Note: Mark the spigot line clearly before installation while installing the sawed ductile iron
pipe.
Figure 5
Lubricate the working surfaces of gasket and the

spigot of another pipe, as shown in Figure 6
Figure 7 Insert depth of the spigot
Different tools can be used to install in view of specifications of ductile iron pipes:
Simple tools, like crowbar can be used for the pipes below DN150. Hardwood must be
used to protect between the crowbar and the socket surface (see Figure 8);
Tools like steel cable and guide chain can be used for installation of pipes above DN200
(the contact between the steel cable or guide chain and pipes shall be protected by a flexible
materials , so as to avoid damage to the pipe body and both internal and external coatings)
Labricating
paste
(see Figure 9). Please refer to Table 2 for the tonnage and quantity of guide chains for
Figure 6 Application of lubricant
installing ductile iron pipes of different specifications; an excavator can also be used for such
installation (Figure 10), position between the pipe and bucket must be protected by hardwood ;
Figure 8 Installation of pipes of DN80~DN150
122
XINXING PIPES
Figure 9 Installation of pipes of DN200-DN2600
123
Table 2 Guide Chain Parameter for T-type Joint Pipe Installation
Table 3 Insertion Depth of Spigot end for T-type Joint Ductile Iron Pipes (Recommended)
DN
Guide chain parameters (tonnage)
Chain guide (PCS)
100~200
300~400
500~600
700~800
900~1000
1200~1400
2~3
1600~2000
10
2~3
Wooden block or block of other material
Figure 10 installation with an excavator
P-10
DN
T-type
Joint
80
P-10
XT2-type
Joit
DN
T-type
Joint
75
82
450
100
78
84
125
80
150
85
200
90
250
95
300
100
350
400
P-10
XT2-type
Joint
DN
T-type
Joint
XT2-type
Joint
110
105
1400
230
235
500
110
107
1500
240
600
110
112
1600
250
255
90
700
140
137
1800
290
265
800
150
2000
309
280
900
165
2200
318
97
1000
175
2400
336
100
100
1100
190
2600
355
100
102
1200
205
157
95
147
5.2.3 Installation of ductile iron pipe with XT2-type joint

The connection method sees 5.2.2 Installation of ductile iron pipe with T-type joint and the insertion depth of
(3) Installation check

Upon the completion of connection, the method shown in Figure 11 can be used to check the position of the
the spigot sees Table 3.
gasket :
Use a thin and narrow steel ruler to check the compression ratio of gasket at the four points around the
spigot with an angle of 90 between them. The steel ruler shall be inserted with the almost same depths at
5.2.4 Installation of ductile iron pipe with TF self-anchored joint

1
four points, which can indicate a normal connection of joint.

The insertion depth at the spigot generally equals to the depth P of socket minus 10mm (see Table 3 for the
dimensions of the spigot insertion). In real installation, the first spigot line of one pipe shall all be covered by
the socket end of its adjoining pipe, and the second spigot line shall be exposed.
Think narrow ruler
Figure 12
Figure 11 Inspecting installation position of gasket
124
XINXING PIPES
NO.
Name
Gland
Locking ring
Welded
bead
Spigot
Bolts with
hooked
head
Gasket
Socket
125
(1) Inspection and cleaning before installation

Clean the working surface of socket with brush. Carefully check whether there is
defect on the inner surface of the socket, especially the sealed working surface which
may affect the sealing;
Check whether there is defect on the gasket, gland, and locking ring for connection;
Check whether the chamfer of self-anchored spigot and welded bead at the spigot
can meet the installation requirements.
Figure 13 Installation diagram of gland and welded bead
(2) Installation Steps

First, push gland 1 and locking ring 2 successively from the spigot 4 and pass
them through thrust welded bead 3, as shown in the figure 17. When the locking ring
completely crosses the welded bead, push it back so that the locking ring can fit with
the end face of the welded bead;
Insert spigot 4 into socket 7 of another pipe with gasket 6 installed (Please refer to
5.2.2 Installation of ductile iron pipe with T-type joint for the specific connection).
Move the gland to the locking ring. Adjust the gap between gland 1 and the pipe
body to make it substantially evenly well-distributed, keep the end faces of gland 1
and socket 7 in parallel, make the internal conical surface of gland 1 to closely fit the
external conical surface of locking ring 2, then tighten hook bolt 5 to fix gland 1 with
socket 7 by tightening hook bolt 5. When tightening the bolt, take care to it is necessary
to carefully check and adjust so that the bevel eave tile slope of hook bolt 5 fits well
with the boss of the socket, and so that the gap between gland 1 and the face of the
socket end can be even almost even
126
XINXING PIPES
127
5.2.5 Installation of ductile iron pipe with

Xanchor self-anchored joint
Step 2: align two beveled adges of the front stoppers with the
Install gasket
the front stoppers between two rear stoppers, see Figure 17;
Installed gasket is as shown in Figure 14. Its installation
Note: Be sure to press them completely in place
corresponding beveled adges of two rear stoppers; then press
is the same as that of T-type joint. Please refer to 5.2.2

Installation of ductile iron pipe with T-type joint for details;
Figure 17 Installation of front stopper
Figure 14 Installation of Sealing Ring
Installation of the support ring
Step 3: alternately install the rear and front stoppers. When
Put the support ring in the position of the socket as shown in
installing the last front stopper, a crowbar may be required to
Figure 15;
press it between two rear stoppers due to the squeezing of

stoppers, see Figure 18;
Figure 15 Installation of the support ring
Figure 18 Finish Installation of Stoppers
Installation of the stopper
Connection of socket and spigot
Step 1: install two rear stoppers onto two adjacent bulges in
The installation is the same as that of XT2-type joint pipe.
the support ring, and insert the groove of stopper onto the
See 5.2.3 Installation of ductile iron pipe with XT2-type joint
bulge in the support ring, see Figure 16;
for details;
Figure 16 Installation of rear stopper
128
XINXING PIPES
Figure 19 Finish Connection of Xanchor Joint

129
5.2.6 Installation of PE protective sleeve
Note: if this method is applied to the pipe connected with bolted, a layer of PE protective
sleeve must be added at the pipe joints;
PE sleeve method refers to a kind of anti-corrosion method for the metal pipe free from corrosion within
the service period by using a complete PE pipe or sheet to wrap up the buried pipeline before the pipeline
Installation sequence (take Method A for instance only)
installation, so as to separate the metal pipes from their corrosive soil environment.
Step 1: use steel cable or sling to lift the pipe almost at the middle of the pipe and keep
There have been over 50 years to use PE sleeve to protect ductile iron pipe against corrosion. It have
the entire pipe off the ground; cover the already-cut polyethylene sleeve (1m longer than
been proved by extensive laboratory research and practical engineering cases that this method is still the
the pipe) on the pipe between the spigot and steel cable from the end of pipe spigot;
most cost-effective method for anti-corrosion, suitable for buried ductile iron pipelines in most corrosive
environments.
Note: The harshly corrosive environments with high-density stray currents and those specified in Annex A of
AWWA C105 are exception.
Performance requirement of PE protective sleeve
The material and performance of PE protective sleeve shall meet the requirements of ISO 8180 or AWWA
C105
Features of PE protective sleeve
A. Easy to construct, and highly cost-effective anti-corrosion;
Step 2: lower the pipe into the trench and connect the pipe which has been installed before.
B. Suitable for most corrosive environments;

C. Free maintenance during use;
D. except for the material properties, its protective effect mainly depend on the installation quality.
Installation method
Method A: Covering Method (see the figure below)
Cover a long PE sleeves outside the ductile iron pipe and overlap at the joint of the pipe
Step3: slip the steel cable, lift the socket of the pipe, then spread the PE cover over
the entire barrel of the pipe;
Method B: Wrapping Method (see the figure below)

Wrap whole pipe with a wide PE sheet
130
XINXING PIPES
131
Step 4: pull back the surplus polyethylene sleeve at the side of the joint socket, wrap
Step 7: secure the fold of the PE sleeve along the axial direction of the pipe barrel
it onto the pipes at the joint and use the adhesive tape to secure it in place;
with adhesive tape at every 1m;
Step 8: repair all small rips, tears or other tube damage with adhesive tape or PE
tape;
Step 5: straighten the surplus PE sleeve at the end of the spigot, spread it and wrap
it on the joint. Then bunch the end of the PE pipe onto the ductile iron pipe;
Step 9: carefully backfill the pipe according to AWWA C600 for backfill procedure.
Slowly backfill to prevent damage to the PE sleeve during backfilling;
Dimensions of PE protective sleeve

Table 4 Width of PE Protective Sleeve for Ductile Iron Pipe (mm)
Step 6: take up slack in the PE sleeve along the barrel of the pipe to make a snug,
but not tight, fit. Fold excess polyethylene back over the top of the pipe;
132
XINXING PIPES
Nominal diameter
DN
100
200
300
500
800
1000
1200
1500
1800
2000
Minimum
Polyethylene
Width(Sheet)
580
950
1300
2000
3050
3720
4400
5470
6550
7200
133
In order to prevent large hard objects from damaging PE sleeve during backfilling, the grassy meadow
can be put on top of the pipe or sand, loam or soil without stones and other hard objects can be used for
backfilling. It is preferential to forbid from walking on the completed pipes, so as to avoid damage to the PE
sleeve.
For fittings such as tees and crosses, as required by the pipe shapes, it is necessary to cut off the PE
sleeve or directly wrap PE sheet arround the entire pipe and then stick the joints of PE sleeve with the
adhesive tape.
5.2.7 Construction of XTJ jacking pipe

Pipe jacking construction is to utilize the jacking force generated from the jacking equipment in the working
pit to overcome friction between pipe and the surrounding soil and jack the pipe section by section into the
soil as required in the design, then remove the earth till the pipes are laid completely, as shown in the figure
below.
Construction of XTJ jacking pipe
5.2.7.1 Construction investigation

Category and burial depth of soil layer
Physical and mechanical properties of soil mass and soil layer
Groundwater level and pressure
Corrosivity of groundwater and soil
Distribution of underground pipelines and structures, etc.
Dead loads on the ground, such as buildings, and dynamic loads on the ground, etc.
134
XINXING PIPES
135
5.2.7.2 Selection of pipe-jacking methods and push bench

The pipe-jacking methods shall be selected on the basis of nature of the soil layer, pipe diameter,
Main jacking Average

Back wall cylinder
pressing ring
XTJ Jacking pipe

or tooling pipe
Push bench
Rubber sealing gate
groundwater level, ground and underground buildings structures and facilities nearby, and so on, and
determined after the technical and economic comparison is conducted. In case no relevant experience is
available, Table 5 can be referred to.
Table 5 Reference for Selection of Push Bench
Stratum
Mechanical Extrusion
Cemented soil, strong
weathered rock
Stable soil
Loose soil
No
groundwater
Balance push bench
Earth
Manual
pressure
excavation balance
Slurry
balance
Pressure
balance
Determining min length of the working well
Water content in clayey soil>30%
Water content in silty soil<30%
Silty soil
a thickness of back wall, generally preferable to 0.6 m
b length of jack (m), generally preferable to 2.5 m
-4
Sandy soil k<10 cm/s

-4
-3
Sandy soil k<10 ~10 cm/s

-3
Figure 20 Working well design
Sludge fd>30KPa
Stratum below
groundwater
Open push bench
-2
Gravel sand k<10 ~10 cm/s

Including obstacles
Minimum internal length of the working well can be calculated with the following formula
La+b+c+d+d+e
Where: Lmin net internal length of the working well (m)
c thickness of the average pressing ring, generally preferable to 0.2 m

dthe length of push bench or pipe,Choose a larger value (m)
esealing width and installation surplus(m)
Determining min width of the working well

Minimum width of the rectangular working well shall meet the following formula:
5.2.7.3 Installation preparation before construction
B=D+(2.0~4.0)
Design requirements of working well and receiving well
Where: Bnet internal width of the working well (m)
(1) General regulations
Dmaximum external diameter of the pipe (m)
a. To facilitate drainage, excavation and transportation, the working well and receiving well shall be located
(3) Sizes of the receiving well
close to the power and water, far away from the residential areas and high-voltage lines, and avoiding
Min net internal width of receiving well shall not be more than min net width of the working well; min net
adverse impact on the surrounding buildings, structures and facilities as possible;
internal length of the receiving well shall be sufficient for removal of the push bench in the well and hoisting
b. The working well and receiving well can be structured with steel sheet pile, open caisson, underground
out of the well as well as connecting the process pipeline.
diaphragm walls or poured piles;
Strength of back wall
c. The working well and receiving well can be constructed in the circular, rectangular or polygonal form. The
Basic requirements
pipeline-crossing intermediate well and large-depth working well can be circular or polygonal.
Sufficient strength
(2) Design of the working well
Sufficient rigidity
Flat surface of back wall
136
XINXING PIPES
137
Homogeneous material
Table 6 Coefficient of Active and Passive Earth Pressures of Soil
Simple structure, easy to assembly and disassembly
KP
Soil category
internal friction angle

of soil ()
Coefficient of passive
earth pressure KP
Coefficient of active
earth pressure KA
KA
Assumed that the jacking of the main jack is evenly imposed on the soil mass behind the working pit through
Soft soil
10
1.42
0.70
2.03
the back wall, the reaction force R of the back wall shall be 1.2 ~ 1.6 times of total jacking force F0, so as
Clay
20
2.04
0.49
4.16
to ensure the safety of the back wall during jacking, the reaction force R can be calculated with the following
Sand clay
25
2.46
0.41
6.00
Silty soil
27
2.66
0.38
7.00
Sandy soil
30
3.00
0.33
9.09
Gravel soil
35
3.69
0.27
13.67
Calculation formula of reaction force of back wall
formula:
2
R =aB H
KP
2
+2cH
KP+hHKP
Where: R reaction force of the total thrust(kN)
5.2.7.4 Main auxiliary equipment for construction
coefficient, range from 1.5 to 2.5
Hoisting machinery
B width of the back wall (m)
Pipe jacking requires equipment for vertical hoisting and transportation. Overhead crane (i.e. portal crane)
bulk weight of soil (kN/m3)
or rotating jib crane (such as truck crane, crawler cranes) can be used under common circumstances, and
H height of back wall (m)
their hoisting capacity must meet the following working requirements:
Kp coefficient of passive earth pressure (see the table below)
Mounting and dismounting of pipe-jacking heading machine and jacking equipment;
C cohesion of soil (kPa)
Hoisting of the jacking pipeline, mounting and dismounting of top rail;
h height of soil mass from the ground to top of back wall (m)
Vertical transportation of earthwork and materials;

Installation of earthwork transportation equipment
There are two kinds of earthwork transportation: transportation within the pipe and the field. For
transportation within the pipe, the nature of soil shall be considered to select type of heading machine,
space of in-pipe work, earth amount for each jacking, jacking length and so on.
Ventilation system
For long distance pipeline, it is usually necessary for worker to operate inside the constructed pipeline
during construction. If the workers stay inside for a long time, it is easy to cause accidents due to anoxia of
human body. Therefore, an air compressor shall be equipped to ventilate the working well and the pipeline,
so as to ensure safety of workers during pipe jacking.
5.2.7.5 Calculation of jacking force

1) Jacking force
The total jacking force of the pipeline can be estimated with the following formula
F0=D1Lfk+NF
Where: F0 standard value of total jacking force (kN)
D1 pipe external diameter (mm)
L designed jacking length of pipeline (m)
fk average friction between the external pipe wall and soil (kN/m2)
NF head resistance of push bench, which can be calculated on basis of Table 8 for different

138
XINXING PIPES
push bench with different nozzles, (kN).
139
Table 7 Calculation Formula for Head Resistance of the Push Bench (NF)
End face of push
bench
Common machine
type
Calculation formula of head

resistance
Symbol in the formula
Cutting edge
Mechanical
manual excavating
NF=(Dg-t)tR
t-blade thickness (m)
Socket mouth
Push-in
NF=Dg (1-e)R/4
e-opening rate
Grid
Push-in
NF=Dg aR/4
Grid plus air pressure
Air pressure balance
NF=Dg (aR+Pn)/4
Large cutter cutting
Earth pressure balance

Slurry balance
NF=Dg HF/4
a-grid-sectional parameters
Preferably a = 0.6~1.0
Pnair pressure(kN/m2)
Take measures to reduce land subsidence

For unstablized soil, it is applicable to selecte a push bench with balance function,instead of open
excavating push bench. A ground observation point can be established, and the balance parameters can be
determined for the push bench with the balance function through trial jacking.
5.2.8 Construction under special conditions

5.2.8.1 Laying pipes on slopes
specific gravity of soil(kN/m3)
The risks of landslide may exist when laying pipes under the following slopes:
HFoverburden thickness(m)
Laying pipes on the ground with slope over 20%;

Laying pipes under the ground with slope over 25%;
A. Dg external diameter of push bench (m)
This risk can be eliminated through setting up a concrete block at the back of the socket (in this case, the
B. R extrusion resistance (kN/m2), preferably R = 300 ~ 500kN/m2.
socket shall be located upward), as shown in Figure 21.
5.2.7.6 Excavating and jacking
clamps
Excavating and jacking can be started when equipment in the working pit has been installed and kept in
unrestrained joint
good conditions during inspection.

Firstly, lower the pipe to the guide rail and put it in place, install the thrust ring, then check elevations of the
pipe center and bottom. If they meet the design requirements, pipe jacking can be started.
Precautions for jacking:
General principles
a. Continuously operate with the principle of jacking following excavating, jacking while excavating followed,
any suspension shall be avoided , otherwise it will increase the resistance and jacking difficulty;
b. The quality of whole jacking pipeline is related to the jacking direction and elevation of the first section of
pipe. So it is necessary to frequently measure and check to timely correct the deviation, if any;
c. If the stroke of jacking cylinder is less than the length of a single pipe, then the piston can be withdrawn
after the cylinder piston is stretched out for one working stroke, now a thrust ring can be added between the
piston and jacking pipe, the jacking can proceed continuously;
d. Once the earthwork in front of the pipe collapses or the pressure gauge hand of the pump suddenly
swings substantially during jacking, the jacking shall be stopped immediately and proceed until the causes
are identified and the faults are removed;
e. The maximum working jacking force of the jacking cylinder shall not exceed the allowable jacking thrust.
Figure 21 Laying pipes on slope
5.2.8.2 Laying pipes on level ground

For the spigot and socket pipes laid on the ground, its suggested to provide one support for each pipe,
such as concrete stand. The support shall be put behind the socket of each pipe;
Fix the pipe onto the support with steel strip. Insert a rubber pad to increase friction between the steel
strip and pipe. Thus, the axial stretch of the pipe resulting from temperature change can be absorbed at
each joint;
For detailed operations, please refer to Figure 22 and 23.
The fittings that are likely to produce thrust due to the internal pressure, such as the elbows and Tees, shall
be protected by the anchorage.
Fixing clamp
The relevant measures can be taken to reduce the jacking resistance

The grouting is the most effective way to reduce the jacking resistance during jacking of long distance pipe,
Rubber lining
namely, injecting slurry around the pipe wall to form a lubricating sleeve so as to reduce resistance when
jacking.
Figure 22 Fixing clip put behind the socket
140
XINXING PIPES
141
clamps
5.3 Trench backfill
joints
(1) Backfill the trench in time when the pipeline construction is completed and passed inspection.
For pressure pipes, both sides and top of pipe, except for the joints, shall be backfilled for no less
than0.5m high before the water pressure test; The rest parts shall be timely backfilled when it is qualified
Figure 23 Pipe laying on level ground
during the water pressure test.

Non-pressure pipes shall be timely backfilled when it is qualified during the water pressure test.
5.2.8. 3 Installation through ditches
(2) The following requirements shall be met during backfill of the trench:
There are three main installation methods for pipes going through the ditches,
Clean up brick, stone, wood blocks and other debris in the trench;
attaching the existing bridge, as shown in Figure 24a;
No water shall exist in the trench, and dont backfill with water;
build a special bridge for the pipeline, as shown in Figure 24b;
(3) The following requirements shall be complied during trench backfilling:
Hanging under a bridge, as shown in Figure 24c;
Check whether there is any damage or deformation on the pipe before backfilling. If any, it shall be
repaired or replaced;
The range of the effective support angle at the pipe base shall be filled and compacted by granular sand,
keeping it contact closely with the pipe wall;
(a)
Simultaneously backfill and compact from both sides of pipeline; take measures against pipeline floating
and displacement when backfilling below the centre of pipe;
Manual tamp shall be conducted from the base of pipe bottom to the level of 500mm above the pipe
top during the trench backfilling; The locations beyond 500mm above the pipe top shall be compacted with
machine from both sides of the pipe;

(4) The requirements below shall be met during backfilling:
No organic, frozen soil, or other hard objects over 50mm, such as brick and stone can exist from the
trench bottom to level of 500mm above the pipe top;
(b)
When backfilling in the freezing period, frozen soil can be evenly mixed at the range over 500mm above
the pipe top, but its amount can not go beyond 15% of the total volume of the filling;
(5) The loose laying depth of each layer of backfill shall be selected on the basis of the compacting
appliance adopted as specified in Table 8.
L
Table 8 Loose Laying Depth of Every Layer of Backfill
43
(c)
Typical surport
Compacting appliance
Loose laying depth(mm)
Wooden rammer, iron rammer
200
Light compacting appliance
200~250
Roller
200~300
Vibratory roller
400
Figure 24 Typical installation forms of pipelines crossing rivers
142
XINXING PIPES
143
(6) When the pipe is laid under the roadway, the road shall be paved immediately after the laying; when the
pipe is located in the soft soil layer and low-lying, swamp, or high groundwater level sections, the medium
5.6 Pipe cutting
and coarse sand shall be firstly used to backfill and compact the auxiliary corners of pipe base, and then
(1) When the spigot of pipe is damaged due to improper handling, affecting installation, this part shall be cut
medium and coarse sand shall be used to backfill layer by layer till 500mm above the pipe top.
off;
(7) When the ductile iron pipe is backfilled to the design elevation, the deformation rate of the pipe shall be
(2) In event that the pipe length shall be determined in the field for the sake of installing pipe fittings during
measured and recorded within 12 ~ 24h, which shall meet the design requirements; if there is no design
construction, the pipe shall also be cut off;
requirements available, such deformation rate shall not exceed 2%.
For the pipe with a diameter DN300, cutting can be conducted at 2/3 of the pipe barrel starting from the
(8) The covering depth above the pipe top shall meet the design requirements; please refer to Appendix B
spigot end face;
of this specification if no design requirement is available;
For the pipe with a diameter > DN300, the manufacturers generally provide cuttable pipes with a certain
percentage.
(3) Pipe-cutting tools: abrasive cutter or electric metal-saw pipe cutter can be adopted. The method of
5.4 Site repairing of coating
oxygen cutting is forbidden, since over-high cutting temperature will affect performance of ductile iron
material;
Any damage on the internal and external coatings during hoisting, transportation and installation must be
(4) For T-type joint and XT2-type joint pipe, the newly-cut end shall be rounded and chamfered so as to
repaired. Refer to 1.10 Coating repairs for detailed methods of site repair.
avoid the damage to the gasket while installing.
5.5 Methods of circle calibration

X
Ovality may be caused for pipe spigot during transportation

deformation shall be cut off, while for the pipes above DN500,
and handling. For the pipes below DN400, the part with oval
Surport
Figure 25). The attentions shall be paid during calibration:
Jack
Table 9 Dimension of the Spigot Chamfer
(1) The size and shape of block arc at the lower and upper arc
of the jack shall be made respectively in accordance with the
different specifications of pipes to be calibrated;
(2) Reference data for jacking amount of circle calibration: the
Figure 25 Deveices for circle-calibrating
excess jacking is needed during circle calibration, if the nominal

diameter of pipe is 100mm, it shall be jacked to 105mm while
calibrating, the excess jacking value is related to such factors
as the size, thickness and elliptical extent of the pipe, and the
144
Figure 27 Spigot chamfer
Figure 26 Toothless abrasive cutter
the circle-calibrating appliance shall be used (as shown in
DN
DE(mm)
X(mm)
Y(mm)
DN(mm)
DE(mm)
X(mm)
Y(mm)
80
98
600
635
100
118
700
738
15
125
144
800
842
15
150
170
900
945
15
200
222
1000
1048
15
250
274
1100
1152
15
actual accurate amount can be determined through test while
300
326
1200
1255
15
calibrating in the field;
350
378
1400
1462
21
(3) Once the cement lining is fractured or crushed while
400
429
1500
1565
21
calibrating, the cement lining shall be repaired as required.
450
480
1600
1668
21
500
532
1800
1875
27
XINXING PIPES
145
5.7 Welding of self-anchored joint bend
Table 10 Dimensions of the Welded Bead for TF Self-anchored Joint
Under guidance of the professional welding engineer, the ductile iron pipe can be welded in the field.
DN
PFA(bar)
Welded bead parameters(mm)

a
DN
PFA1(bar)
Welded bead parameters(mm)

a
116
4.5
116
4.5
148
158
Welding shall be done under certain environment conditions.
DN80
82
DN500
Welding tools
DN100
85
DN600
Main welding tools cover welder, grinder, nickel-based electrode and copperplate positioning device, etc.
DN150
89
DN700
Welding procedure
DN200
95
Firstly, carefully clean the outer surface of pipe with abrasion wheel, as shown in Figure 28. The polishing
DN250
105
shall not affect the wall thickness;
DN300
Fix the copper plate positioning device onto the external wall of pipe according to the sizes shown in
DN350
Table10. The copper guide ring must be close to the pipe wall. If necessary, tap it with a hammer, as shown
DN400
in Figure 29;
1 The table above shows parameters of welded bead for TF-seif-anchored joint DIP of K9 class. If the designed pressure
is higher than the PFA value in the table above, the welded bead parameters and wall thickness of pipe shall also be
increased correspondingly. Please contact us for the specific parameters.
Layered when welding to ensure the welding quality, as shown in Figure 30;
30
25
25
DN800
DN900
23
175
105
DN1000
22
185
10
105
DN1100
21
200
10
105
DN1200
20
217
12
Remove the copper guide ring, polish the weld ring to the dimensions shown in Figure 30 and Table10.
Coating repair
Ductile iron pipe Copper guide
Figure 28 Surface cleaning
Welded bead
Clean up the welding area. The cleaned surface is required to be smooth and clean, oil- and dust-free.
Please refer to 1.10 Coating repairs for the detailed repair methods of the internal and external coatings.
Figure 29 Welding ring overlaying
a
c
Figure 30 Dimensions of the welded bend for TF self-anchored joint
146
XINXING PIPES
147
5.8 Repairing the damaged pipeline
(4) Pipe replacement

As shown in Fig33. cut a section of same-size double-spigot short pipe with a length of(L-8) and put it at the
If the ductile iron pipe being used is damaged locally and leaks, it can be repaired with K-type collar repair
position for replacement;
solution. Detailed operation is as following:
(5) Connection of collar
(1) Excavation and pipe breaking
Move axially two K-type collars to the newly-inserted pipe section and connect them The completed
Dig out the damaged part of the pipeline, cut off the damaged pipe section after confirming the damaged
connection is shown in the figure 34;
part length,, as shown in Figure31;
breakage
Figure 34 K-type collar repair

Figure 31 Pipe cutting
(2) Preparation of pipe replacement
(6) Coating repair
Prepare a section of double-spigot pipe of the same specification and two sets of K-type collar assembly;
Repair the coating damaged during cuttings according to the coating-repair requirements provided by the
(3) Install K-type collar
manufacturer before installing all the parts. Please refer to 1.10 Coating repairs for detailed repair methods.
Connect two connection ends of K-type collar to two ends of pipe to be repaired, so that the spigot of
original pipe can be inserted into max installation depth of K-type collar, see Fig. 32 for details;
K-type collar
Figure 32 Installation of K-type collar
K-type collar
L
double-spigot short pipe
Original pipeline
Figure 33 Installation details of K-type collar
148
XINXING PIPES
149
5.9 Pressure test and acceptance
Keep the test pressure by a pump at least: one hour for DN 600; three hours for 600 <DN1400; and
six hours for DN> 1400. Meanwhile the water amount for maintaining the pressure shall be measured.
A newly-installed water supply and drainage pipeline shall undergo hydrostatic pressure test before being
put into usage. The test pressure and acceptance criteria can refer to ISO 10802.
5.9.4 Eligibility criteria

Pressure pipeline: water loss shall not exceed 0.001 l/hr/km (pipeline length)/mm (nominal size)/bar (static
5.9.1 Provisions on pressure test
pressure, average hydraulic pressure exerted on the test area, if elevations of every location on the entire
Length of pressure test section
pipeline are quite different, then the loss criteria shall be calculated on the basis of the weighted average
Unless otherwise stated for pressure pipelines, length of pressure test section shall not be beyond 1,000 ~
pressures). The pressure test is regarded passed when water loss from DN100 pipeline per kilometer under
1,500m.
pressure test of 10 bar is not more than 1 l/h.
Test pressure
Non-pressure pipelines: water loss shall not exceed 0.1 l/km (pipeline length)/mm (nominal size). However,
1) The test pressure at the lowest point of test area shall not be less than the limit values specified in a) or b)
when the prescribed test pressure exceeds 1 bar, the eligibility criteria of pressure pipeline will be applicable.
(whichever is larger).
a) When the working pressure is less than or equal to 10 bar: test value is 1.5 times of the working pressure;
when the working pressure is greater than 10 bar: test value is the working pressure plus 5 bar.
b) Maximum working pressure.
2) The test pressure at the highest point of test area shall not be less than the working pressure at the same
point.
3) The test pressure shall not exceed.
a) Max test pressure applicable to pipes, pipe fittings, flanges and accessories specified in the standard;
b) Design pressure of clamp or anchor device.
5.9.2 Water injection

In general, when water is injected at the lowest point of test pipe section, th water flow shall be
sufficient to ensure that all air can be eliminated; Air exhauster shall be furnished at all higher points of
pipeline.
It is recommended that injected water flow shall not exceed 10% over design operation flow.
Cement-lined pipe shall keep water for a period of time after injection so that the lining can absorb the
water (no less than 24 hours, the time shall be determined according to the local humidity).
5.9.3 Pressure test procedure

Inspect visually all the exposed joints, and fittings, etc. for leaks and other defects after injecting water
and before exerting pressure; when it passed the inspection, the test area shall keep the working pressure
for enough time so as to stabilize the pressure.
Stably increase pressure till the prescribed test pressure after it passed the visual inspection. If
necessary, keep test pressure by a pump within the range of test pressure 0.1 bar for at least 1 hour.
150
XINXING PIPES
151
Chapter VI
Xinxing Ductile
Iron Fittings and
Accessories
152
XINXING PIPES
153
Chapter VI
Xinxing Ductile
Iron Fittings and
Accessories
154
XINXING PIPES
6.1 Names and symbols of the fittings 158

6.2 Technical parameters for fittings and accessories 160
155
(1) Flanged spigot (Refer to Figure 1 and Table 1)
(36) T-type spigot cap (Refer to Figure 36 and Table 36)
(2) Socket spigots pipe (Refer to Figure 2 and Table 2 )
(37) T-type socket plugs (Refer to Figure 37 and Table 37)
(3) Collars (Refer to Figure 3 and Table 3)
(38) Flexible couplings (Refer to Figure 38 and Table 38)
(4) Flanged socket (Refer to Figure 4 and Table 4)
(39) Flange adaptors (Refer to Figure 39 and Table 39)
(5) Double spigot short pipes (Refer to Figure 5 and Table 5)
(40) Dismantling joints (Refer to Figure 40 and Table 40)
(6) Double-socket 90 bends (Refer to Figure 6 and Table 6)
(41) Flanged bellmouthes (Refer to Figure 41 and Table 41)
(7) Double-socket 45 bends (Refer to Figure 7 and Table 7)
(42) Flanges
(8) Double-socket 22.5 bends (Refer to Figure 8 and Table 8)
PN10 (Refer to Figure 42 and Table 42)
(9) Double-socket 11.25 bends (Refer to Figure 9 and Table 9)
PN16 (Refer to Figure 42and Table 43)
(10) Socket-spigot 90 bends (Refer to Figure 10 and Table 10)
(11) Socket-spigot 45 bends (Refer to Figure 11 and Table 11)
PN40(Refer to Figure 42 and Table 45)
(12) Socket-spigot 22.5 bends (Refer to Figure 12 and Table 12)
(43) Welded flanges (Refer to Figure43)
(13) Socket-spigot 11.25 bends (Refer to Figure 13 and Table 13)
(14) Double-flanged 90 bends (Refer to Figure 14 and Table 14)
(15) Double-flanged 45 bends (Refer to Figure 15 and Table 15)
(16) Double-flanged 22.5 bends (Refer to Figure 16 and Table 16)
(44) Welded puddle flanges (Refer to Figure 44 and Table 49)
(17) Double-flanged 11.25 bends (Refer to Figure 17 and Table 17)
(45) Blank flanges
(18) Double-flanged 90 bends with Duckfoot (Refer to Figure 18 and Table 18)
(19) Double-socket tapers (Refer to Figure 19 and Table 19)
(20) Double-flanged tapers (Refer to Figure 20 and Table 20)
(21) Double-socket offsets (Refer to Figure 21 and Table 21)
(46) Reducing flanges
(22) Socket-spigot offsets (Refer to Figure 22 and Table 22)
(23) Double-socket tees with flanged branch (Refer to Figure 23 and Table 23)
(24) All flanged tees (Refer to Figure 24 and Table 24)
(25) All socket tees (Refer to Figure 25 and Table 25)
(47) Flexible puddle flanges (Refer to Figure 47 and Table 56)
(26) Socket-spigot tees with socket branch (Refer to Figure 26 and Table 26)
(48) Bolts for flange connection (Refer to Figure 48 and Table 57)
(27) Socket-spigot tees with flange branch (Refer to Figure 27 and Table 27)
(28) Double-socket level invert tees with flanged branch (Refer to Figure 28 and Table 28)
(29) All socket level invert tees (Refer to Figure 29 and Table 29)
(30) Socket spigot level invert tees with flanged branch (Refer to Figure 30 and Table 30)
(31) All socket 45 eccentric tees(Refer to Figure 31 and Table 31)
(32) All flanged 45 eccentric tees (Refer to Figure 32 and Table 32)
(33) All socket crosses (Refer to Figure 33 and Table 33)
(34) All flanged crosses (Refer to Figure 34 and Table 34)
(35) Socket spigot crosses with double socket (Refer to Figure 35 and Table 35)
156
XINXING PIPES
157
6.1 Names and symbols of the fittings
158
No.
Product Name
DN
Figure No.
Table No.
No.
Product Name
DN
Figure No.
Table No.
Flanged spigots
80~2000
31
All socket 45 eccentric tees
80~600
31
31
Socket spigots
80~1800
32
All flanged 45eccentric tees
80~600
32
32
Collars
80~2000
33
All socket crosses
80~600
33
33
Flanged sockets
80~2000
34
All flanged crosses
80~600
34
34
Double-spigot short pipes
80~2000
35
80~600
35
35
Double-socket 90 bends
80~1400
Socket-spigot cross with

double socket branch
6
7
Double-socket 45 bends
80~2000
36
T-type spigot caps
80~1800
36
36
Double-socket 22.5 bends
80~2000
37
T-type socket plugs
80~1800
37
37
Double-socket 11.25 bends
80~2000
38
Flexible couplings
80~1600
38
38
10
Socket-spigot 90 bends
80~1400
10
10
39
Flange adaptors
80~1600
39
39
11
Socket-spigot 45 bends
80~2000
11
11
40
Dismantling joints
80~1600
40
40
12
Socket-spigot 22.5 bends
80~2000
12
12
41
Flanged bellmouthes
80~2600
41
41
13
Socket-spigot 11.25 bends
80~2000
13
13
42
Flanges
80~2000
42
4243
4445
14
Double-flanged 90 bends
80~1400
14
14
43
Welded-on flanges
40~2000
43
464748
15
80~2000
15
15
44
Welded puddle flanges
80~2000
44
49
16
Double-flanged 22.5 bends
80~2000
16
16
45
Blank flanges
80~2000
45
505152
17
Double-flanged 11.25 bends
80~2000
17
17
46
Reducing flanges
80~800
46
535455
18
with duckfoot
80~1000
18
18
47
Flexible puddle flanges
80~1400
47
56
19
Double-socket tapers
80~2000
19
19
48
Bolts for flange connection
80~2000
48
57
20
Double-flanged tapers
80~2000
20
20
21
Double-socket offsets
100~300
21
21
22
Socket-spigot offsets
100~300
22
22
23
Double-socket tees with flanged

branch
100~2000
23
23
24
All flanged tees
80~2000
24
24
25
All socket tees
80~2000
25
25
26
Socket spigot tees

with socket branch
80~2000
26
26
27
Socket spigot tees with flanged

brand
80~2000
27
27
28
Double socket level invert tees

with flanged branch
100~2000
28
28
29
All socket level invert tees
100~2000
29
29
30
Socket spigot level invert tees with

flanged branch
100~2000
30
30
XINXING PIPES
Symbol
Symbol
159
6.2 Technical parameters for fittings and accessories
Table 2 Technical Parameters for Socket and Spigots

(1) Flanged spigots (Refer to Figure 1 and Table 1)
Figure 1 Flanged spigots
Table 1 Technical Parameters for Flanged Spigots

DN
DN
80
350
700
14.4
600
100
7.2
360
800
15.6
600
125
7.5
370
900
16.8
600
150
7.8
380
1000
18
600
200
8.4
400
1100
19.2
600
250
420
1200
20.4
600
300
9.6
440
1400
22.8
710
350
10.2
460
1500
24
750
400
10.8
480
1600
25.2
780
450
11.4
500
1800
27.6
850
500
12
520
2000
30
920
600
13.2
560
DN
DN
80
255
600
13.2
425
100
7.2
255
700
14.4
460
125
7.5
265
800
15.6
475
150
7.8
270
900
16.8
500
200
8.4
285
1000
18
515
250
300
1100
19.2
540
300
9.6
315
1200
20.4
565
350
10.2
335
1400
22.8
620
400
10.8
355
1600
25.2
650
450
11.4
365
1800
27.6
700
500
12
385
(3) K-type collars (Refer to Figue 3 and Table 3)
Figue 3 K-type collars
Table 3 Technical Parameters for Collars

(2) Socket and spigots (Refer to Figure 2 and Table 2 )
DN
80
410
109
100
7.2
410
130
125
7.5
415
156
150
7.8
415
183
200
8.4
420
235
250
425
288
300
9.6
430
340
Figure 2 Socket spigot
160
XINXING PIPES
161
Table 3 Technical Parameters for Collars
(4) Flange sockets (Refer to Figure 4 and Table 4)

162
DN
350
10.2
435
393
400
10.8
440
445
450
11.4
445
498
500
12
450
550
600
13.2
460
655
700
14.4
470
760
800
15.6
480
865
900
16.8
490
970
1000
18
500
1075
1100
19.2
610
1180
1200
20.4
620
1285
1400
22.8
660
1492
1500
24
700
1596
1600
25.2
710
1699
1800
27.6
730
1905
2000
30
750
2107
2200
32.4
770
2316
2400
34.8
790
2521
2600
37.2
810
2728
XINXING PIPES
Figure 4 Flanged sockets

Table 4 Technical Parameters for Flanged Sockets
DN
DN
80
130
700
14.4
190
100
7.2
130
800
15.6
200
125
7.5
135
900
16.8
210
150
7.8
135
1000
18
220
200
8.4
140
1100
19.2
230
250
145
1200
20.4
240
300
9.6
150
1400
22.8
310
350
10.2
155
1500
24
330
400
10.8
160
1600
25.2
330
450
11.4
165
1800
27.6
350
500
12
170
2000
30
370
600
13.2
180
163
(5) Double spigot short pipes (Refer to Figure 5 and Table 5)
(6) Double socket 90 bends (Refer to Figure 6 and Table 6)
Figure 6 Double socket 90 bends
Figure 5 Double spigot short pipes
Table 6 Technical Parameters for Double Socket 90 Bends

Table 5 Technical Parameters for Double Spigot Short Pipes
164
DN
DE
DN
DE
80
98
700
738
14.4
100
118
7.2
800
842
15.6
125
144
7.5
900
945
16.8
150
170
7.8
1000
1048
18
200
222
8.4
1100
1152
19.2
250
274
1200
1255
20.4
300
326
9.6
1400
1462
22.8
350
378
10.2
1500
1565
24
400
429
10.8
1600
1668
25.2
450
480
11.4
1800
1875
27.6
500
532
12
2000
2082
30
600
635
13.2
XINXING PIPES
DN
DN
80
100
500
12
520
100
7.2
110
600
13.2
620
125
7.5
145
700
14.4
720
150
7.8
170
800
15.6
820
200
8.4
220
900
16.8
920
250
270
1000
18
1020
300
9.6
320
1100
19.2
1120
350
10.2
370
1200
20.4
1220
400
10.8
420
1400
22.8
1220
450
11.4
470
165
(7) Double socket 45 bends (Refer to Figure 7 and Table 7)
(8) Double socket 22.5 bends (Refer to Figure 8 and Table 8)
Figure 8 Double socket 22.5 bends
Figure 7 Double socket 45 bends
Table 7 Technical Parameters for Double Socket 45 Bends
Table 8 Technical Parameters for Double Socket 22.5 Bends

166
DN
DN
DN
DN
80
50
700
14.4
330
80
40
700
14.4
175
100
7.2
60
800
15.6
370
100
7.2
40
800
15.6
195
125
7.5
75
900
16.8
415
125
7.5
50
900
16.8
220
150
7.8
85
1000
18
460
150
7.8
55
1000
18
240
200
8.4
110
1100
19.2
505
200
8.4
65
1100
19.2
260
250
130
1200
20.4
550
250
75
1200
20.4
285
300
9.6
150
1400
22.8
515
300
9.6
85
1400
22.8
260
350
10.2
175
1500
24
540
350
10.2
95
1500
24
270
400
10.8
195
1600
25.2
565
400
10.8
110
1600
25.2
280
450
11.4
220
1800
27.6
610
450
11.4
120
1800
27.6
305
500
12
240
2000
30
660
500
12
130
2000
30
330
600
13.2
285
600
13.2
150
XINXING PIPES
167
(9) Double socket 11.25 bends (Refer to Figure 9 and Table 9)
(10) Socket spigot 90 bends (Refer to Figure 10 and Table 10)
Figure 9 Double socket 11.25 bends
Figure 10 Socket spigot 90 bends
Table 9 Technical Parameters for Double Socket 11.25 Bends
Table 10 Technical Parameters for Socket Spigot 90 Bends

168
DN
DN
DN
DN
80
30
700
14.4
95
80
100
280
450
11.4
470
670
100
7.2
30
800
15.6
110
100
7.2
110
300
500
12
520
720
125
7.5
35
900
16.8
120
125
7.5
145
325
600
13.2
620
820
150
7.8
35
1000
18
130
150
7.8
170
350
700
14.4
720
900
200
8.4
40
1100
19.2
140
200
8.4
220
400
800
15.6
820
1000
250
50
1200
20.4
150
250
270
450
900
16.8
920
1100
300
9.6
55
1400
22.8
130
300
9.6
320
500
1000
18
1020
1200
350
10.2
60
1500
24
140
350
10.2
370
550
1200
20.4
1220
1400
400
10.8
65
1600
25.2
140
400
10.8
420
600
1400
22.8
1220
1600
450
11.4
70
1800
27.6
155
500
12
75
2000
30
165
600
13.2
85
XINXING PIPES
169
(12) Socket spigot 22.5 bends (Refer to Figure 12 and Table 12)
(11) Socket spigot 45 bends (Refer to Figure 11 and Table 11)
Figure 11 Socket spigot 45 bends
Figure 12 Socket spigot 22.5 bends
Table 11 Technical Parameters for Socket Spigot 45 Bends
Table 12 Technical Parameters for Socket Spigot 22.5 Bends

170
DN
DN
DN
DN
80
50
235
700
14.4
330
580
80
40
220
700
14.4
175
425
100
7.2
60
245
800
15.6
370
620
100
7.2
40
220
800
15.6
195
445
125
7.5
75
255
900
16.8
415
665
125
7.5
50
230
900
16.8
220
470
150
7.8
85
265
1000
18
460
760
150
7.8
55
235
1000
18
240
540
200
8.4
110
290
1100
19.2
505
805
200
8.4
65
245
1100
19.2
260
560
250
130
310
1200
20.4
550
850
250
75
255
1200
20.4
285
585
300
9.6
150
330
1400
22.8
515
815
300
9.6
85
265
1400
22.8
260
560
350
10.2
175
355
1500
24
540
840
350
10.2
95
275
1500
24
270
570
400
10.8
195
375
1600
25.2
565
925
400
10.8
110
290
1600
25.2
280
640
450
11.4
220
420
1800
27.6
610
970
450
11.4
120
320
1800
27.6
305
665
500
12
240
440
2000
30
660
1060
500
12
130
330
2000
30
330
730
600
13.2
285
485
600
13.2
150
350
XINXING PIPES
171
(14) Double flanged 90 bends (Refer to Figure 14 and Table 14)
(13) Socket spigot 11.25 bends (Refer to Figure 13 and Table 13)
Figure 14 Double flanged 90 bends
Figure 13 Socket spigot 11.25 bends
Table 13 Technical Parameters for Socket Spigot 11.25 Bends
Table 14 Technical Parameters for Double Flanged 90 Bends

172
DN
DN
DN
DN
80
30
210
700
14.4
95
345
80
165
450
11.4
550
100
7.2
30
210
800
15.6
110
360
100
7.2
180
500
12
600
125
7.5
35
215
900
16.8
120
370
125
7.5
200
600
13.2
700
150
7.8
35
215
1000
18
130
430
150
7.8
220
700
14.4
800
200
8.4
40
220
1100
19.2
140
440
200
8.4
260
800
15.6
900
250
50
230
1200
20.4
150
450
250
350
900
16.8
1000
300
9.6
55
235
1400
22.8
130
430
300
9.6
400
1000
18
1100
350
10.2
60
240
1500
24
140
440
350
10.2
450
1200
20.4
1300
400
10.8
65
245
1600
25.2
140
500
400
10.8
500
1400
22.8
1470
450
11.4
70
270
1800
27.6
155
515
500
12
75
275
2000
30
165
565
600
13.2
85
285
XINXING PIPES
173
(15) Double flanged 45 bends (Refer to Figure 15 and Table 15)
(16) Double flanged 22.5 bends (Refer to Figure 16 and Table 16)
Figure 15 Double flanged 45 bends
Figure 16 Double flanged 22.5 bends
Table 15 Technical Parameters for Double Flanged 45 Bends
Table 16 Technical Parameters for Double Flanged 22.5 Bends

174
DN
DN
DN
DN
80
130
700
14.4
480
80
125
600
13.2
405
100
7.2
140
800
15.6
530
100
7.2
135
700
14.4
300
125
7.5
150
900
16.8
580
125
7.5
150
800
15.6
330
150
7.8
160
1000
18
630
150
7.8
155
900
16.8
360
200
8.4
180
1100
19.2
695
200
8.4
170
1000
18
390
250
350
1200
20.4
750
250
340
1100
19.2
420
300
9.6
400
1400
22.8
775
300
9.6
390
1200
20.4
450
350
10.2
300
1500
24
810
350
10.2
290
1400
22.8
460
400
10.8
325
1600
25.2
845
400
10.8
310
1600
25.2
470
450
11.4
350
1800
27.6
910
450
11.4
335
1800
27.6
480
500
12
375
2000
30
980
500
12
360
2000
30
520
600
13.2
425
XINXING PIPES
175
(17) Double flanged 11.25 bend (Refer to Figure 17 and Table 17)
(18) Double-flanged 90 bends with duckfoot (Refer to Figure 18 and Table 18)
Figure 18 Double-flanged 90 bends with duckfoot
Figure 17 Double flanged 11.25 bend
Table 17 Technical Parameters for Double Flanged 11.25 Bend
Table 18 Technical Parameters for Double-Flanged 90 Bends with Duckfoot

176
DN
DN
DN
DN
80
125
600
13.2
405
80
165
110
180
400
10.8
500
320
500
100
7.2
135
700
14.4
205
100
7.2
180
125
200
450
11.4
550
355
550
125
7.5
80
800
15.6
230
125
7.5
200
140
225
500
12
600
385
600
150
7.8
155
900
16.8
245
150
7.8
220
160
250
600
13.2
700
450
700
200
8.4
170
1000
18
265
200
8.4
260
190
300
700
14.4
800
515
800
250
340
1100
19.2
320
250
350
225
350
800
15.6
900
580
900
300
9.6
390
1200
20.4
360
300
9.6
400
255
400
900
16.8
1000
645
1000
350
10.2
290
1400
22.8
380
350
10.2
450
290
450
1000
18
1100
710
1100
400
10.8
310
1600
25.2
400
450
11.4
335
1800
27.6
410
500
12
360
2000
30
415
XINXING PIPES
177
(19) Double-socket tapers (Refer to Figure 19 and Table 19)
Table 19 Technical Parameters for Double-Socket Tapers (continued)

DN
e1
350
102
400
Figure 19 Double-socket tapers
450
10.8
11.4
Table 19 Technical Parameters for Double-Socket Tapers

178
XINXING PIPES
13.2
880
300
9.6
160
700
14.4
680
80
700
800
15.6
480
100
7.2
660
900
16.8
280
150
7.8
560
600
13.2
1080
200
8.4
460
700
14.4
880
250
360
800
15.6
680
300
9.6
260
900
16.8
480
350
10.2
160
1000
18
280
80
800
600
13.2
1280
100
7.2
760
700
14.4
1080
150
7.8
660
800
15.6
880
200
8.4
560
900
16.8
680
250
460
1000
18
480
300
9.6
360
1100
19.2
280
1000
1100
1200
18
19.2
20.4
400
10.8
160
700
14.4
860
90
200
8.4
1080
80
900
800
15.6
760
190
250
980
100
7.2
860
900
16.8
660
100
7.2
150
300
9.6
880
150
7.8
760
1000
18
560
80
290
350
10.2
780
200
8.4
660
1100
19.2
460
100
7.2
250
400
10.8
680
250
560
1200
20.4
360
150
7.8
150
450
11.4
580
300
9.6
460
800
15.6
960
80
390
500
12
480
350
10.2
360
900
16.8
860
100
7.2
330
600
13.2
280
400
10.8
260
1000
18
760
150
7.8
250
400
10.8
880
450
11.4
160
1200
20.4
560
200
8.4
150
450
11.4
780
80
1100
1400
22.8
360
80
490
500
12
680
100
7.2
1060
1000
18
960
100
7.2
430
600
13.2
480
150
7.8
960
1200
20.4
760
150
7.8
350
700
14.4
280
200
8.4
860
1400
22.8
560
200
8.4
250
400
10.8
1080
250
760
1600
25.2
360
80
10.2
600
960
350
260
13.2
80
9.6
600
7.2
300
e2
260
100
dn
10.2
250
e1
350
e2
8.4
250
DN
dn
200
e2
e1
7.8
e2
dn
DN
150
dn
DN
700
800
e1
14.4
15.6
500
600
12
13.2
1400
1600
1800
22.8
25.2
27.6
250
150
450
11.4
980
300
9.6
660
1000
18
1160
80
600
500
12
880
350
10.2
560
1200
20.4
960
100
7.2
560
600
13.2
680
400
10.8
460
1400
22.8
760
150
7.8
460
700
14.4
480
450
11.4
360
1600
25.2
560
200
8.4
360
800
15.6
280
500
12
260
1800
27.6
360
900
16.8
2000
30
179
(20) Double-flanged tapers (Refer to Figure 20 and Table 20)
Table 20 Technical Parameters for Double-Flanged Tapers (continued)

DN
350
400
e1
10.2
10.8
Figure 20 Double-flanged tapers
Table 20 Technical Parameters for Double-Flanged Tapers

DN
e1
dn
e2
100
7.2
80
150
7.8
80
200
250
300
350
180
XINXING PIPES
8.4
9.6
10.2
DN
11.4
e2
100
7.2
750
150
7.8
700
200
8.4
650
250
9.0
600
300
9.6
300
80
100
DN
e1
dn
e2
900
16.8
700
14.4
700
800
15.6
600
600
13.2
1000
700
14.4
800
800
15.6
700
800
900
16.8
600
7.2
800
600
13.2
1100
150
7.8
750
700
14.4
1000
200
8.1
700
800
15.6
800
250
9.0
650
900
16.8
700
300
9.6
600
1000
18
600
350
10.2
300
600
13.2
1150
80
900
700
14.4
1100
100
7.2
900
800
15.6
1000
150
7.8
800
900
16.8
800
200
8.4
750
1000
18
700
250
9.0
700
1100
19.2
600
1000
1100
1200
18
19.2
20.4
dn
e2
300
9.6
650
600
13.2
860
200
250
9.0
1050
350
10.2
600
700
14.4
850
300
300
9.6
1000
400
10.8
300
800
15.6
950
100
7.2
280
350
10.2
900
80
950
900
16.8
1100
80
600
400
10.8
800
100
7.2
950
1000
18
1000
100
7.2
600
450
11.4
750
150
7.8
900
1100
19.2
800
150
7.8
300
500
12
700
200
8.4
800
1200
20.4
700
80
650
600
13.2
600
250
9.0
750
1400
22.8
600
100
7.2
600
400
10.8
1030
300
9.6
700
1000
18
1650
150
7.8
600
450
11.4
900
350
10.2
650
1100
19.2
1465
200
8.4
300
500
12.0
800
400
10.8
600
1200
20.4
1000
80
700
600
13.2
700
450
11.4
300
1400
22.8
910
100
7.2
700
700
14.4
600
80
1050
1000
18
1760
150
7.8
650
400
10.8
1100
100
7.2
1050
1200
20.4
1710
200
8.4
600
450
11.4
1050
150
7.8
1000
1400
22.8
1340
250
300
500
12
1000
200
8.4
950
1500
24
1550
80
750
600
13.2
800
250
9.0
900
1600
25.2
970
300
9.6
800
1000
18
2160
350
10.2
750
1200
20.4
2140
700
800
900
e1
450
dn
14.4
15.6
16.8
500
600
12
13.2
1400
1500
1600
1800
2000
22.8
24
25.2
27.6
30
181
(22) Socket-spigot offsets (Refer to Figure 22 and Table 22)
Table 20 Technical Parameters for Double-Flanged Tapers (continued)

DN
600
700
e1
13.2
14.4
dn
e2
400
10.8
700
450
11.4
650
500
12
600
200
8.4
1100
DN
e1
200
30
dn
e2
1400
22.8
1770
1500
24
1585
1600
25.2
1400
1800
27.2
1030
(21) Double-socket offsets (Refer to Figure 21 and Table 21)
Figure 22 Socket-spigot offsets
Table 22 Technical Parameters for Socket-Spigot Offsets

Figure 21 Double-socket offsets
DN
Lu
100
7.2
470
150
150
7.8
475
150
200
8.4
600
200
250
700
250
300
9.6
800
300
Table 21 Technical Parameters for Double-Socket Offsets

182
XINXING PIPES
DN
100
7.2
475
200
150
7.8
625
250
200
8.4
655
300
250
665
300
300
9.6
670
300
183
(23) Double-socket tees with flanged branch (Refer to Figure 23 and Table 23)
Table 23 Technical Parameters for Double-Socket Tees with Flanged Branch (continued)
Body
DN
250
300
10.5
11.2
Figure 23 Double-socket tees with flanged branch
Table 23 Technical Parameters for Double-Socket Tees with Flanged Branch

Body
Body
DN
dn
e1
80
8.1
170
80
8.1
100
8.4
170
80
190
125
150
200
184
Branch
XINXING PIPES
8.7
9.1
9.8
DN
Branch
11.9
Body
dn
e1
180
80
8.1
200
100
230
DN
dn
e1
265
595
400
12.6
735
8.4
270
640
450
13.3
725
125
8.7
275
690
500
14
730
260
150
9.1
280
810
600
15.4
745
315
200
9.8
290
930
700
16.8
760
375
250
10.5
300
1040
800
18.2
775
180
80
8.1
295
1160
900
19.6
790
205
100
8.4
300
1290
1000
21
825
230
125
8.7
300
240
80
8.1
730
260
150
9.1
310
260
100
8.4
730
320
200
9.8
320
290
125
8.7
735
380
250
10.5
330
310
150
9.1
740
1000
Branch
21
435
300
11.2
340
360
200
9.8
745
185
80
8.1
325
420
250
10.5
755
205
100
8.4
330
480
300
11.2
760
230
125
8.7
330
530
350
11.9
770
270
150
9.1
340
600
400
12.6
795
325
200
9.8
350
650
450
13.3
795
1100
22.4
dn
e1
385
250
10.5
360
700
500
14
795
165
590
400
12.6
675
420
300
11.2
370
830
600
15.4
825
8.1
175
640
450
13.3
665
495
350
11.9
380
940
700
16.8
830
100
8.4
180
690
500
14
670
185
80
8.1
355
1050
800
18.2
835
170
80
8.1
190
800
600
15.4
685
210
100
8.4
360
1170
900
19.6
850
195
100
8.4
195
920
700
16.8
700
230
125
8.7
360
1280
1000
21
870
225
125
8.7
200
1040
800
18.2
715
270
150
9.1
370
1390
1100
22.4
880
170
80
8.1
205
1170
900
19.6
750
325
200
9.8
380
240
80
8.1
790
195
100
8.4
210
240
80
8.1
670
385
250
10.5
390
260
100
8.4
790
230
125
8.7
215
260
100
8.4
670
440
300
11.2
400
290
125
8.7
795
480
350
11.9
410
310
150
9.1
800
255
150
9.1
220
290
125
8.7
675
560
400
12.6
420
360
200
9.8
805
175
80
8.1
235
310
150
9.1
680
190
80
8.1
370
420
250
10.5
815
200
100
8.4
240
360
200
9.8
705
215
100
8.4
390
480
300
11.2
820
235
125
8.7
240
420
250
10.5
705
230
125
8.7
390
530
350
11.9
830
255
150
9.1
250
480
300
11.2
710
270
150
9.1
400
590
400
12.6
835
315
200
9.8
260
530
350
11.9
720
330
200
9.8
410
650
450
13.3
845
390
250
10.5
420
710
500
14
850
445
300
11.2
430
840
600
15.4
885
900
1000
350
Branch
19.6
21
400
450
12.6
13.3
1200
23.8
185
Body
DN
450
500
600
700
186
XINXING PIPES
13.3
14
15.4
16.8
Branch
Body
Body
Branch
dn
e1
dn
e1
770
600
15.4
565
705
300
11.2
1155
925
700
16.8
600
820
400
12.6
1170
920
240
80
8.1
550
940
500
14
1185
21
945
1200
23.8
955
260
100
8.4
550
1055
600
15.4
1200
340
80
8.1
870
290
125
8.7
555
1285
800
18.2
1230
420
420
100
8.4
875
310
150
9.1
560
1520
1000
21
1260
9.8
440
450
125
8.7
880
350
200
9.8
585
1750
1200
23.8
1290
250
10.5
440
480
150
9.1
880
420
250
10.5
585
1980
1400
26.6
1320
440
300
11.2
440
540
200
9.8
890
480
300
11.2
585
2215
1600
29.4
1350
490
350
11.9
450
560
250
10.5
895
530
350
11.9
590
2445
1800
32.2
1380
565
400
12.6
480
650
300
11.2
905
580
400
12.6
615
600
200
9.8
1250
600
450
13.3
480
710
350
11.9
910
640
450
13.3
615
660
250
10.5
1260
680
500
14
500
770
400
12.6
920
690
500
14
615
720
300
11.2
1270
195
80
8.1
460
830
450
13.3
925
800
600
15.4
625
835
400
12.6
1290
200
100
8.4
460
880
500
14
935
920
700
16.8
640
950
500
14
1305
240
125
8.7
465
1030
600
15.4
980
260
1030
800
18.2
655
1065
600
15.4
1310
150
9.1
470
1120
700
16.8
990
240
80
8.1
605
1300
800
18.2
1340
340
200
9.8
500
1260
800
18.2
1010
260
100
8.4
610
1530
1000
21
1370
380
250
10.5
500
1350
900
19.6
1020
430
300
11.2
500
1495
1000
21
1040
290
125
8.7
615
1760
1200
23.8
1400
490
350
11.9
510
1580
1100
22.4
1045
310
150
9.1
620
1995
1400
26.6
1430
570
400
12.6
540
1700
1200
23.8
1050
355
200
9.8
645
2225
1600
29.4
1460
610
450
13.3
540
1930
1400
26.6
1070
420
250
10.5
645
2460
1800
32.2
1490
670
500
14
540
580
200
9.8
1030
480
300
11.2
650
2690
2000
35
1520
800
600
15.4
580
635
250
10.5
1040
530
350
11.9
660
210
80
8.1
490
695
300
11.2
1045
230
100
8.4
490
810
400
12.6
1060
250
125
8.7
495
925
500
14
1075
280
150
9.1
500
1040
600
15.4
1090
345
200
9.8
525
1275
800
18.2
1120
390
250
10.5
525
1505
1000
21
1150
440
300
11.2
525
1740
1200
23.8
1180
500
350
11.9
530
1970
1400
26.6
1210
575
400
12.6
555
2200
1600
29.4
1240
610
450
13.3
545
680
500
14
550
e1
480
350
11.9
560
400
620
DN
dn
e1
430
940
700
16.8
885
12.6
450
1070
800
18.2
915
450
13.3
460
1190
900
19.6
190
80
8.1
400
1300
1000
215
100
8.4
420
1520
240
125
8.7
420
280
150
9.1
330
200
380
1200
1400
1600
1800
23.8
26.6
29.4
32.2
595
200
9.8
1150
650
250
10.5
1150
700
16.8
800
900
18.2
19.6
DN
1800
2000
Branch
L
dn
Body
DN
Branch
32.2
35
187
(24) All flanged tees (Refer to Figure 24 and Table 24)
Table 24 Technical Parameters for All Flanged Tees (continued)

Body
DN
250
300
10.5
11.2
Figure 24 All flanged tees
350
Table 24 Technical Parameters for All Flanged Tees
11.9
Body
Body
e1
8.7
280
1650
600
15.4
765
485
150
9.1
280
1650
700
16.8
770
700
200
9.8
325
1650
800
18.2
785
700
250
10.5
350
1650
900
19.6
800
425
80
8.1
295
1650
1000
21
825
800
100
8.4
300
610
80
8.1
740
480
125
8.7
300
640
100
8.4
740
505
150
9.1
310
670
125
8.7
745
800
200
9.8
350
700
150
9.1
750
620
250
10.5
330
750
200
9.8
755
800
300
11.2
400
810
250
10.5
765
445
80
8.1
325
860
300
11.2
770
850
100
8.4
325
920
350
11.9
780
480
125
8.7
325
980
400
12.6
795
530
150
9.1
340
1030
450
13.3
795
850
200
9.8
325
1090
500
14
800
645
250
10.5
360
1210
600
15.4
825
680
300
11.2
350
1480
700
16.8
830
1000
1100
21
22.4
800
18.2
845
165
980
450
13.3
675
470
80
8.1
355
1600
900
19.6
860
8.1
175
1040
500
14
680
900
100
8.4
350
1660
1000
21
875
100
8.4
180
1500
600
15.4
705
500
125
8.7
345
1780
1100
22.4
890
400
80
8.1
190
1500
700
16.8
710
550
150
9.1
370
610
80
8.1
795
400
100
8.4
195
1500
800
18.2
725
900
200
9.8
360
640
100
8.4
800
400
125
8.7
200
1500
900
19.6
750
665
250
10.5
390
670
125
8.7
805
440
80
8.1
205
620
80
8.1
680
725
300
11.2
400
700
150
9.1
810
440
100
8.4
210
640
100
8.4
680
760
350
11.9
390
750
200
9.8
815
900
400
12.6
450
810
250
10.5
825
440
125
8.7
215
670
125
8.7
685
470
80
8.1
370
870
300
11.2
830
440
150
9.1
220
690
150
9.1
690
950
100
8.4
375
930
350
11.9
840
520
80
8.1
235
770
200
9.8
705
530
125
8.7
375
990
400
12.6
845
520
100
8.4
240
800
250
10.5
705
570
150
9.1
400
1040
450
13.3
855
435
125
8.7
240
840
300
11.2
710
950
200
9.8
375
1100
500
14
860
520
150
9.1
250
910
350
11.9
720
690
250
10.5
420
1240
600
15.4
885
520
200
9.8
260
990
400
12.6
735
745
300
11.2
430
1330
700
16.8
890
405
80
8.1
265
1020
450
13.3
735
790
350
11.9
420
1470
800
18.2
915
700
100
8.4
275
1080
500
14
740
860
400
12.6
450
1570
900
19.6
920
80
8.1
100
8.4
330
80
360
XINXING PIPES
dn
1540
330
425
8.1
10.5
125
11.9
80
250
485
DN
350
9.8
850
e1
200
e1
dn
9.1
dn
e1
150
Branch
dn
8.7
Branch
Body
DN
125
188
Branch
Branch
DN
900
1000
19.6
21
400
450
12.6
13.3
1200
23.8
189

Body
Body
DN
dn
e1
450
13.3
950
450
13.3
475
1000
80
8.1
400
1000
100
8.4
1000
125
1000
500
600
700
190
Branch
XINXING PIPES
14
15.4
16.8
DN
1200
23.8
Branch
Body
dn
e1
1700
1000
21
1910
1200
400
820
8.7
400
150
9.1
1000
200
1000
dn
e1
945
540
80
8.1
23.8
955
560
100
80
8.1
870
590
860
100
8.4
875
400
880
125
8.7
880
9.8
400
900
150
9.1
885
250
10.5
400
910
200
9.8
890
1000
300
11.2
500
960
250
10.5
900
dn
e1
560
1320
400
12.6
1165
8.4
560
1400
500
14
1185
125
8.7
565
1440
600
15.4
1200
610
150
9.1
570
1660
800
18.2
1230
690
200
9.8
585
1880
1000
21
1260
720
250
10.5
585
2100
1200
23.8
1290
760
300
11.2
590
2320
1400
26.6
1320
1000
350
11.9
500
1140
300
11.2
905
830
350
11.9
600
2540
1600
29.4
1350
1000
400
12.6
500
1210
350
11.9
915
910
400
12.6
615
2760
1800
32.2
1380
1000
450
13.3
500
1250
400
12.6
920
940
450
13.3
615
980
200
9.8
1240
1000
500
14
500
1270
450
13.3
930
1000
500
14
620
1055
250
10.5
1245
1100
80
8.1
450
1290
500
14
960
1350
600
15.4
645
1200
300
11.2
1250
1100
100
8.4
450
1320
600
15.4
980
1330
700
16.8
665
1350
400
12.6
1285
1100
125
8.7
450
1440
700
16.8
990
1350
800
18.2
675
1450
500
14
1295
1100
150
9.1
450
1540
800
18.2
1010
580
80
8.1
620
1500
600
15.4
1310
1100
200
9.8
450
1670
900
19.6
1020
1100
600
100
8.4
620
1720
800
18.2
1340
250
10.5
450
1760
1000
21
1040
630
125
8.7
625
1940
1000
21
1370
1100
300
11.2
550
1880
1100
22.4
1055
650
150
9.1
630
2160
1200
23.8
1400
1100
350
11.9
550
1980
1200
23.8
1070
1100
400
12.6
550
2200
1400
26.6
1100
730
200
9.8
645
2380
1400
26.6
1430
1100
450
13.3
550
1575
600
15.4
1035
760
250
10.5
645
2600
1600
29.4
1460
1100
500
14
550
2040
1000
21
1095
800
300
11.2
650
2820
1800
32.2
1490
1100
600
15.4
550
920
200
9.8
1040
870
350
11.9
660
2950
2000
35
1520
500
80
8.1
500
980
250
10.5
1040
950
400
12.6
675
520
100
8.4
500
1150
300
11.2
1045
550
125
8.7
505
1270
400
12.6
1055
570
150
9.1
510
1300
500
14
1070
650
200
9.8
525
1380
600
15.4
1090
680
250
10.5
525
1600
800
18.2
1120
740
300
11.2
530
1820
1000
21
1150
790
350
11.9
540
2040
1200
23.8
1180
870
400
12.6
555
2260
1400
26.6
1210
900
450
13.3
555
2480
1600
29.4
1240
960
500
14
560
940
200
9.8
1140
1180
600
15.4
575
1010
250
10.5
1145
1200
700
16.8
600
1180
300
11.2
1150
1500
1600
1800
26.6
28
29.4
32.2
900
18.2
19.6
DN
1800
2000
Branch
L
800
Body
1400
DN
Branch
132
35
191
(25) All socket tees (Refer to Figure 25 and Table 25)
Table 25 Technical Parameters for All Socket Tees (continued)

Body
DN
250
300
10.5
11.2
Figure 25 All socket tees

350
Table 25 Technical Parameters for All Socket Tees
11.9
Body
Body
DN
Lu
dn
e1
Lu
80
8.1
170
80
8.1
170
80
190
100
125
150
200
250
192
Branch
XINXING PIPES
8.4
8.7
9.1
9.8
10.5
DN
Body
Lu
dn
e1
Lu
260
150
9.1
175
315
200
9.8
180
375
250
10.5
190
190
80
8.1
205
100
240
DN
Branch
Lu
dn
e1
Lu
810
600
15.4
585
930
700
16.8
585
1040
800
18.2
605
195
1160
900
19.6
605
8.4
195
1270
1000
21
635
125
8.7
200
240
80
8.1
605
260
150
9.1
200
260
100
8.4
605
320
200
9.8
205
290
125
8.7
605
375
250
10.5
210
310
150
9.1
605
435
300
11.2
220
370
200
9.8
605
180
80
8.1
220
430
250
10.5
605
200
100
8.4
220
490
300
11.2
605
240
125
8.7
225
540
350
11.9
610
250
150
9.1
225
600
400
12.6
610
300
200
9.8
230
640
450
13.3
610
360
250
10.5
240
690
500
14
615
420
300
11.2
245
810
600
15.4
620
480
350
11.9
250
930
700
16.8
630
170
80
8.1
245
1040
800
18.2
660
190
100
8.4
245
1160
900
19.6
665
240
125
8.7
250
1270
1000
21
670
250
150
9.1
250
1380
1100
22.4
680
310
200
9.8
255
240
80
8.1
665
1000
1100
21
22.4
Lu
dn
e1
Lu
85
590
400
12.6
530
8.1
95
640
450
13.3
535
100
8.4
95
690
500
14
535
170
80
8.1
105
800
600
15.4
535
195
100
8.4
110
920
700
16.8
535
360
250
10.5
260
260
100
8.4
665
225
125
8.7
110
1040
800
18.2
550
420
300
11.2
265
290
125
8.7
665
170
80
8.1
120
1150
900
19.6
575
480
350
11.9
275
310
150
9.1
675
195
100
8.4
120
240
80
8.1
560
540
400
12.6
280
360
200
9.8
675
230
125
8.7
125
260
100
8.4
560
180
80
8.1
270
420
250
10.5
675
255
150
9.1
125
290
125
8.7
560
200
100
8.4
270
480
300
11.2
680
175
80
8.1
145
310
150
9.1
570
250
125
8.7
275
530
350
11.9
685
200
100
8.4
145
360
200
9.8
570
260
150
9.1
275
590
400
12.6
685
230
125
8.7
145
420
250
10.5
570
310
200
9.8
280
650
450
13.3
695
255
150
9.1
150
480
300
11.2
575
370
250
10.5
285
710
500
14
695
315
200
9.8
155
530
350
11.9
575
430
300
11.2
290
820
600
15.4
695
180
80
8.1
170
590
400
12.6
580
480
350
11.9
300
940
700
16.8
695
200
100
8.4
170
640
450
13.3
585
540
400
12.6
305
1050
800
18.2
710
230
125
8.7
175
690
500
14
585
600
450
13.3
310
1170
900
19.6
710
900
1000
Branch
Branch
19.6
21
400
450
12.6
13.3
1200
23.8
193

Body
DN
500
600
700
800
194
XINXING PIPES
14
15.4
16.8
18.2
Branch
Body
Lu
dn
e1
Lu
200
80
8.1
295
230
100
8.4
295
250
125
8.7
280
150
330
DN
1200
23.8
Branch
Body
Lu
dn
e1
Lu
1290
1000
21
1520
1200
300
250
9.1
300
200
9.8
380
250
440
dn
e1
Lu
710
260
100
8.4
23.8
760
290
125
80
8.1
765
310
270
100
8.4
765
310
300
125
8.7
765
10.5
310
330
150
9.1
765
300
11.2
320
390
200
9.8
765
490
350
11.9
325
440
250
10.5
765
dn
e1
Lu
455
640
400
12.6
980
8.7
455
760
500
14
990
150
9.1
460
875
600
15.4
1000
360
200
9.8
465
1105
800
18.2
1025
420
250
10.5
465
1340
1000
21
1045
480
300
11.2
470
1570
1200
23.8
1065
530
350
11.9
475
1800
1400
26.6
1090
540
400
12.6
330
480
300
11.2
770
590
400
12.6
475
2215
1600
29.4
1150
600
450
13.3
335
530
350
11.9
770
640
450
13.3
485
2260
1800
32.2
1130
660
500
14
340
590
400
12.6
770
690
500
14
485
420
200
9.8
1080
180
80
8.1
345
650
450
13.3
770
800
600
15.4
485
540
300
11.2
1080
200
100
8.4
345
710
500
14
770
920
700
16.8
495
650
400
12.6
1080
250
125
8.7
350
820
600
15.4
775
1030
800
18.2
515
770
500
14
1090
260
150
9.1
350
940
700
16.8
785
240
80
8.1
505
885
600
15.4
1100
320
200
9.8
360
1050
800
18.2
815
260
100
8.4
505
1300
800
18.2
1165
380
250
10.5
360
1170
900
19.6
815
290
125
8.7
505
1350
1000
21
1185
430
300
11.2
370
1290
1000
21
815
310
150
9.1
515
1760
1200
23.8
1210
360
200
9.8
520
1815
1400
26.6
1190
420
250
10.5
520
2225
1600
29.4
1250
480
300
11.2
525
2460
1800
32.2
1275
530
350
11.9
525
2690
2000
35
1295
26.6
490
350
11.9
375
1400
1100
22.4
825
550
400
12.6
380
1520
1200
23.8
835
610
450
13.3
385
1740
1400
26.6
855
670
500
14
390
855
600
15.4
850
780
600
15.4
400
1320
1000
21
895
210
80
8.1
395
400
200
9.8
865
230
100
8.4
405
455
250
10.5
865
250
125
8.7
405
515
300
11.2
870
280
150
9.1
405
630
400
12.6
880
330
200
9.8
415
745
500
14
890
390
250
10.5
415
860
600
15.4
900
440
300
11.2
415
1095
800
18.2
925
500
350
11.9
420
1325
1000
21
945
560
400
12.6
425
1560
1200
23.8
965
610
450
13.3
430
1970
1400
26.6
1030
680
500
14
430
2200
1600
29.4
1050
770
600
15.4
430
410
200
9.8
970
910
700
16.8
455
470
250
10.5
970
240
80
8.1
445
530
300
11.2
970
1500
1600
1800
28
29.4
32.2
900
18.2
19.6
DN
1800
2000
Branch
Lu
800
Body
Lu
1400
DN
Branch
32.2
35
195
(26) Socket-spigot tees with socket branch (Refer to Figure 26 and Table 26)
Table 26 Technical Parameters for Socket-Spigot Tees with Socket Branch (continued)
Body
DN
250
300
10.5
11.2
Figure 26 Socket-spigot tees with socket branch
Table 26 Technical Parameters for Socket-Spigot Tees with Socket Branch

Body
Body
DN
Lu
DN
e1
Lu
80
8.1
85
275
80
8.1
85
275
80
95
275
85
100
125
150
200
250
196
Branch
8.4
8.7
9.1
9.8
10.5
XINXING PIPES
DN
11.9
Branch
Body
Lu
DN
e1
Lu
115
315
125
8.7
130
310
150
160
340
190
DN
Lu
DN
e1
Lu
170
345
650
500
14
585
9.1
175
415
715
600
15.4
585
200
9.8
180
470
770
700
16.8
585
370
250
10.5
190
530
830
800
18.2
605
95
300
80
8.1
190
580
880
900
19.6
605
105
285
100
8.4
195
645
945
1000
21
635
120
320
125
8.7
225
120
435
80
8.1
600
130
310
150
9.1
200
130
450
100
8.4
600
160
340
200
9.8
205
145
460
125
8.7
600
190
370
250
10.5
210
155
480
150
9.1
600
220
400
300
11.2
220
185
510
200
9.8
605
90
300
80
8.1
215
215
540
250
10.5
605
100
310
100
8.4
215
245
560
300
11.2
605
120
325
125
8.7
215
270
590
350
11.9
610
125
340
150
9.1
215
300
615
400
12.6
610
160
340
200
9.8
220
320
635
450
13.3
610
190
370
250
10.5
235
345
665
500
14
615
220
400
300
11.2
235
405
725
600
15.4
620
250
430
350
11.9
235
415
715
700
16.8
630
85
300
80
8.1
240
535
835
800
18.2
660
1000
1100
Branch
21
22.4
Lu
DN
e1
Lu
85
295
590
400
12.6
530
8.1
95
320
610
450
13.3
535
95
310
100
8.4
240
590
890
900
19.6
665
100
8.4
95
350
600
500
14
535
120
330
125
8.7
250
635
1060
1000
21
670
280
80
8.1
105
410
660
600
15.4
535
125
340
150
9.1
250
705
1005
1100
22.4
680
95
290
100
8.4
110
470
720
700
16.8
535
165
345
200
9.8
250
120
475
80
8.1
655
110
295
125
8.7
110
520
815
800
18.2
550
195
375
250
10.5
260
130
490
100
8.4
665
85
275
80
8.1
120
585
835
900
19.6
575
220
400
300
11.2
265
145
500
125
8.7
665
100
280
100
8.4
120
120
420
80
8.1
550
250
430
350
11.9
265
155
515
150
9.1
675
115
305
125
8.7
120
130
435
100
8.4
560
280
460
400
12.6
265
180
545
200
9.8
675
130
310
150
9.1
125
145
445
125
8.7
560
90
320
80
8.1
265
210
575
250
10.5
675
90
275
80
8.1
145
155
465
150
9.1
570
100
330
100
8.4
265
240
605
300
11.2
680
100
280
100
8.4
145
180
495
200
9.8
570
125
345
125
8.7
275
265
630
350
11.9
685
115
305
125
8.7
145
210
525
250
10.5
570
130
360
150
9.1
275
295
655
400
12.6
685
130
310
150
9.1
150
240
545
300
11.2
575
155
390
200
9.8
280
325
675
450
13.3
695
160
340
200
9.8
155
265
575
350
11.9
575
185
415
250
10.5
285
355
710
500
14
695
90
300
80
8.1
170
295
600
400
12.6
580
215
445
300
11.2
290
385
675
600
15.4
695
240
460
350
11.9
290
470
820
700
16.8
695
100
280
100
8.4
170
320
620
450
13.3
585
270
500
400
12.6
290
535
835
800
18.2
710
900
1000
350
Branch
19.6
21
400
450
12.6
13.3
1200
23.8
197
Body
Body
DN
Lu
DN
e1
Lu
450
13.3
300
525
450
13.3
290
100
320
80
8.1
295
115
330
100
8.4
125
345
125
140
360
165
500
600
700
198
Branch
14
15.4
16.8
XINXING PIPES
DN
Branch
Body
Branch
Body
Lu
DN
e1
Lu
Lu
DN
e1
Lu
595
895
900
19.6
710
120
355
80
8.1
650
950
1000
21
710
130
355
100
295
770
1070
1200
23.8
760
145
370
8.7
300
125
500
80
8.1
755
150
9.1
300
135
515
100
8.4
755
155
390
200
9.8
300
150
525
125
8.7
760
195
395
250
10.5
310
165
540
150
9.1
765
225
425
300
11.2
315
195
570
200
9.8
765
255
455
350
11.9
315
220
600
250
10.5
765
285
485
400
12.6
315
240
630
300
11.2
770
300
525
450
13.3
315
265
655
350
11.9
340
540
500
14
325
295
680
400
90
325
80
8.1
345
325
700
100
330
100
8.4
345
355
125
345
125
8.7
350
130
360
150
9.1
350
160
390
200
9.8
190
415
250
230
430
255
Lu
DN
e1
Lu
445
380
885
500
14
990
8.4
455
440
935
600
15.4
1000
125
8.7
455
550
1050
800
18.2
1025
380
150
9.1
460
650
1165
1000
21
1045
180
410
200
9.8
465
785
1275
1200
23.8
1065
210
440
250
10.5
465
850
1380
1400
26.6
1090
240
450
300
11.2
470
1000
1490
1600
29.4
1150
265
485
350
11.9
475
1100
1595
1800
32.2
1130
290
540
400
12.6
475
210
720
200
9.8
1080
770
320
535
450
13.3
485
240
750
250
10.5
1080
12.6
770
350
600
500
14
485
270
780
300
11.2
1080
450
13.3
770
410
660
600
15.4
485
325
830
400
12.6
1080
735
500
14
770
460
690
700
16.8
495
385
885
500
14
1090
410
790
600
15.4
775
525
775
800
18.2
515
440
935
600
15.4
1100
470
845
700
16.8
785
120
410
80
8.1
495
650
1050
800
18.2
1165
350
525
905
800
18.2
815
130
425
100
8.4
505
675
1165
1000
21
1185
10.5
360
600
900
900
19.6
815
145
435
125
8.7
505
880
1275
1200
23.8
1210
300
11.2
365
660
960
1000
21
815
455
350
11.9
365
700
1065
1100
22.4
825
155
455
150
9.1
515
910
1380
1400
26.6
1230
285
485
400
12.6
365
775
1075
1200
23.8
835
180
485
200
9.8
520
1110
1490
1600
29.4
1250
305
525
450
13.3
365
890
1190
1400
26.6
855
210
515
250
10.5
520
1230
1595
1800
32.2
1275
345
545
500
14
375
200
720
200
9.8
865
240
535
300
11.2
525
1345
1705
2000
35
1295
400
600
600
15.4
380
230
750
250
10.5
865
265
565
350
11.9
525
1200
1400
1400
23.8
26.6
26.6
105
345
80
8.1
395
260
780
300
11.2
870
115
345
100
8.4
405
315
830
400
12.6
880
125
360
125
8.7
405
370
885
500
14
890
140
370
150
9.1
405
430
935
600
15.4
900
165
400
200
9.8
415
550
1050
800
18.2
925
195
430
250
10.5
415
660
1165
1000
21
945
230
480
300
11.2
415
780
1275
1200
23.8
965
260
510
350
11.9
420
985
1380
1400
26.6
1030
290
540
400
12.6
425
1010
1490
1600
29.4
1050
305
525
450
13.3
430
205
720
200
9.8
970
345
595
500
14
430
235
750
250
10.5
970
405
655
600
15.4
430
265
780
300
11.2
970
465
715
700
16.8
455
320
830
400
12.6
980
1600
1800
29.4
32.2
DN
800
900
18.2
19.6
DN
1800
2000
Branch
32.2
35
199
(27) Socket-spigot tees with flange branch (Refer to Figure 27 and Table 27)
Table 27 Technical Parameters for Socket-Spigot Tees with Flange Branch (continued)
Body
DN
250
300
10.5
11.2
Figure 27 Socket-spigot tees with flange branch
Table 27 Technical Parameters for Socket-Spigot Tees with Flange Branch
350
11.9
Body
Body
DN
Lu
dn
e1
Lu
80
8.1
85
275
80
8.1
85
275
80
95
285
85
100
125
150
200
250
200
Branch
8.4
8.7
9.1
9.8
10.5
XINXING PIPES
DN
Body
Lu
dn
e1
Lu
115
325
125
8.7
130
360
150
150
385
180
DN
Lu
dn
e1
Lu
255
345
710
500
14
730
9.1
280
405
770
600
15.4
745
200
9.8
290
465
805
700
16.8
760
415
250
10.5
300
520
865
800
18.2
775
90
340
80
8.1
295
580
915
900
19.6
790
105
355
100
8.4
300
645
980
1000
21
825
115
360
125
8.7
285
120
465
80
8.1
730
130
390
150
9.1
310
130
475
100
8.4
730
160
415
200
9.8
320
145
490
125
8.7
735
190
445
250
10.5
330
155
510
150
9.1
740
215
475
300
11.2
340
180
540
200
9.8
745
95
345
80
8.1
325
210
570
250
10.5
755
100
355
100
8.4
330
240
590
300
11.2
760
115
360
125
8.7
315
265
625
350
11.9
770
1000
Branch
21
135
390
150
9.1
340
300
655
400
12.6
795
160
415
200
9.8
350
325
685
450
13.3
795
190
445
250
10.5
350
350
725
500
14
795
210
475
300
11.2
350
415
785
600
15.4
825
240
500
350
11.9
380
470
820
700
16.8
830
95
355
80
8.1
355
525
880
800
18.2
835
105
355
100
8.4
360
585
930
900
19.6
850
115
360
125
8.7
345
640
995
1000
21
870
135
390
150
9.1
370
695
1045
1100
22.4
880
160
415
200
9.8
380
120
500
80
8.1
790
1100
22.4
Lu
dn
e1
Lu
165
295
630
400
12.6
675
8.1
175
320
660
450
13.3
665
100
8.4
180
345
700
500
14
670
275
80
8.1
190
400
760
600
15.4
685
100
285
100
8.4
195
460
795
700
16.8
700
110
275
125
8.7
200
520
855
800
18.2
715
190
445
250
10.5
390
130
510
100
8.4
790
85
275
80
8.1
205
585
905
900
19.6
750
220
475
300
11.2
400
145
525
125
8.7
795
100
285
100
8.4
210
120
450
80
8.1
670
240
500
350
11.9
400
155
545
150
9.1
800
110
285
125
8.7
215
130
460
100
8.4
670
280
530
400
12.6
420
180
570
200
9.8
805
130
310
150
9.1
220
145
475
125
8.7
675
95
355
80
8.1
370
210
600
250
10.5
815
90
275
80
8.1
235
155
495
150
9.1
680
110
355
100
8.4
390
240
630
300
11.2
820
100
280
100
8.4
240
180
525
200
9.8
705
115
360
125
8.7
405
265
660
350
11.9
830
110
285
125
8.7
240
210
555
250
10.5
705
135
390
150
9.1
400
295
690
400
12.6
835
130
310
150
9.1
250
240
575
300
11.2
710
165
415
200
9.8
410
325
720
450
13.3
845
150
340
200
9.8
260
265
610
350
11.9
720
195
445
250
10.5
420
355
760
500
14
850
90
315
80
8.1
265
295
640
400
12.6
735
220
475
300
11.2
430
420
820
600
15.4
885
240
500
350
11.9
440
470
855
700
16.8
885
100
325
100
8.4
270
320
670
450
13.3
725
280
530
400
12.6
450
535
915
800
18.2
915
900
1000
Branch
Branch
19.6
21
400
450
12.6
13.3
1200
23.8
201
Body
Body
DN
Lu
dn
e1
Lu
450
13.3
310
555
450
13.3
460
95
355
80
8.1
400
110
355
100
8.4
120
360
125
140
390
165
500
600
700
202
Branch
14
15.4
16.8
XINXING PIPES
DN
Branch
Body
Lu
dn
e1
Lu
595
965
900
19.6
650
1030
1000
420
760
1145
8.7
420
170
150
9.1
425
415
200
9.8
190
445
250
220
475
dn
e1
Lu
920
120
355
80
8.1
21
945
130
355
100
1200
23.8
955
145
371
525
80
8.1
870
155
210
535
100
8.4
875
440
225
550
125
8.7
880
10.5
440
240
570
150
9.1
880
300
11.2
440
270
595
200
9.8
890
dn
e1
Lu
550
410
860
400
12.6
1170
8.4
550
470
915
500
14
1185
125
8.7
555
525
970
600
15.4
1200
381
150
9.1
560
640
1090
800
18.2
1230
175
395
200
9.8
585
760
1210
1000
21
1260
210
441
250
10.5
585
875
1315
1200
23.8
1290
240
451
300
11.2
585
990
1430
1400
26.6
1320
245
500
350
11.9
450
280
625
250
10.5
895
265
485
350
11.9
590
1110
1540
1600
29.4
1350
280
530
400
12.6
480
325
655
300
11.2
905
290
505
400
12.6
615
1225
1615
1800
32.2
1380
300
555
450
13.3
480
355
685
350
11.9
910
320
535
450
13.3
615
300
730
200
9.8
1250
340
580
500
14
500
385
715
400
12.6
920
345
571
500
14
615
330
760
250
10.5
1260
100
355
80
8.1
460
415
745
450
13.3
925
400
605
600
15.4
625
360
790
300
11.2
1265
100
355
100
8.4
460
440
785
500
14
935
460
700
700
16.8
640
415
860
400
12.6
1280
120
360
125
8.7
465
515
845
600
15.4
980
515
760
800
18.2
655
475
915
500
14
1295
130
390
150
9.1
470
560
880
700
16.8
990
170
415
200
9.8
120
440
80
8.1
605
530
970
600
15.4
1310
500
630
940
800
18.2
1010
190
445
250
130
450
100
8.4
610
640
1090
800
18.2
1340
10.5
490
675
990
900
19.6
1020
215
475
145
465
125
8.7
615
765
1210
1000
21
1370
300
11.2
500
750
1055
1000
21
1040
245
155
485
150
9.1
620
880
1315
1200
23.8
1400
500
350
11.9
510
790
1105
1100
22.4
1045
285
530
400
12.6
540
850
1170
1200
23.8
1050
180
515
200
9.8
645
1000
1430
1400
26.6
1430
305
555
450
13.3
530
85
275
80
8.1
165
210
545
250
10.5
645
1110
1540
1600
29.4
1460
335
580
500
14
540
225
755
100
8.4
1025
240
565
300
11.2
650
1230
1615
1800
32.2
1490
400
635
600
15.4
580
260
755
150
9.1
1025
265
600
350
11.9
660
1345
1725
2000
35
1520
105
345
80
8.1
490
290
730
200
9.8
1030
115
345
100
8.4
490
320
760
250
10.5
1040
125
361
125
8.7
495
345
790
300
11.2
1045
140
370
150
9.1
500
405
860
400
12.6
1060
170
385
200
9.8
525
520
915
600
15.4
1090
195
430
250
10.5
515
640
970
800
18.2
1120
220
440
300
11.2
520
750
1090
1000
21
1150
250
475
350
11.9
530
870
1210
1200
23.8
1180
285
495
400
12.6
555
985
1315
1400
26.6
1210
305
525
450
13.3
545
1100
1430
1600
29.4
1240
340
560
500
14
550
300
730
200
9.8
1150
385
595
600
15.4
565
320
760
250
10.5
1150
460
690
700
16.8
600
350
790
300
11.2
1155
1400
1600
1800
26.6
29.4
32.2
900
18.2
19.6
DN
1800
2000
Branch
Lu
800
Body
23.8
DN
Branch
Lu
1200
32.2
35
203
(28) Double-socket level invert tees with flanged branch (Refer to Figure 28 and Table 28)
Table 28 Technical Parameters for Double-Socket Level Invert Tees with Flanged Branch (continued)
Body
DN
350
400
11.9
12.6
Figure 28 Double-socket level invert tees with flanged branch
Table 28 Technical Parameters for Double-Socket Level Invert Tees with Flanged Branch
Body
Body
DN
dn
e1
100
8.4
170
80
8.1
175
150
9.1
170
80
8.1
210
195
100
8.4
175
80
200
200
250
300
204
Branch
XINXING PIPES
9.8
10.5
11.2
DN
800
18.2
Branch
Branch
Body
dn
e1
185
80
8.1
205
100
230
DN
dn
e1
325
290
125
8.7
680
8.4
330
310
150
9.1
700
125
8.7
335
360
200
9.8
700
270
150
9.1
340
420
250
10.5
705
325
200
9.8
350
480
300
11.2
710
385
250
10.5
360
530
350
11.9
720
420
300
11.2
370
595
400
12.6
730
185
80
8.1
355
640
450
13.3
745
210
100
8.4
360
690
500
14
750
240
125
8.7
365
810
600
15.4
765
270
150
9.1
370
240
80
8.1
740
325
200
9.8
380
260
100
8.4
750
385
250
10.5
390
290
125
8.7
760
440
300
11.2
400
310
150
9.1
750
480
350
11.9
410
360
200
9.8
750
215
100
8.4
390
420
250
10.5
755
240
125
8.7
395
480
300
11.2
760
270
150
9.1
400
530
350
11.9
765
330
200
9.8
410
600
400
12.6
775
390
250
10.5
420
650
450
13.3
805
445
300
11.2
430
700
500
14
810
480
350
11.9
440
830
600
15.4
825
560
400
12.6
450
240
80
8.1
820
190
80
8.1
415
260
100
8.4
820
215
100
8.4
420
290
125
8.7
825
240
125
8.7
425
310
150
9.1
830
280
150
9.1
430
360
200
9.8
840
330
200
9.8
440
420
250
10.5
850
480
300
11.2
860
1000
1100
Branch
21
22.4
dn
e1
690
500
14
660
800
600
15.4
670
220
240
80
8.1
630
8.1
235
260
100
8.4
640
100
8.4
240
290
125
8.7
650
255
150
9.1
250
310
150
9.1
640
180
80
8.1
265
355
200
9.8
640
200
100
8.4
270
420
250
10.5
645
260
150
9.1
280
480
300
11.2
650
380
250
10.5
450
315
200
9.8
290
530
350
11.9
670
440
300
11.2
460
530
350
11.9
870
180
80
8.1
295
590
400
12.6
680
490
350
11.9
470
590
400
12.6
880
205
100
8.4
300
640
450
13.3
685
565
400
12.6
480
650
450
13.3
890
230
125
8.7
305
690
500
14
690
600
450
13.3
490
710
500
14
870
260
150
9.1
310
800
600
15.4
705
195
80
8.1
475
840
600
15.4
885
320
200
9.8
320
240
80
8.1
660
200
100
8.4
480
340
80
8.1
905
380
250
10.5
330
260
100
8.4
670
240
125
8.7
485
420
100
8.4
905
260
150
9.1
490
450
125
8.7
910
900
1000
19.6
21
450
500
600
13.3
14
15.4
1200
1400
23.8
26.6
205
Table 28 Technical Parameters for Double-Socket Level Invert Tees with Flanged Branch (continued)
(29) All socket level invert tees (Refer to Figure 29 and Table 29)
Body
DN
600
700
800
15.4
16.8
18.2
Branch
Body
dn
e1
340
200
9.8
380
250
430
DN
dn
e1
500
480
150
9.1
910
10.5
510
540
200
9.8
920
300
11.2
520
560
250
10.5
925
490
350
11.9
530
650
300
11.2
935
570
400
12.6
540
710
350
11.9
940
610
450
13.3
550
770
400
12.6
945
670
500
14
560
830
450
13.3
955
210
80
8.1
520
880
500
14
965
230
100
8.4
540
1030
600
15.4
970
250
125
8.7
540
460
100
8.4
1015
280
150
9.1
550
580
200
9.8
1050
345
200
9.8
560
635
250
10.5
1060
390
250
10.5
570
695
300
11.2
1065
440
300
11.2
580
810
400
12.6
1080
500
350
11.9
590
925
500
14
1095
75
400
12.6
600
1040
600
15.4
1110
610
450
13.3
610
595
200
9.8
1260
680
500
14
620
650
250
10.5
1170
770
600
15.4
630
705
300
11.2
1175
240
80
8.1
580
820
400
12.6
1190
260
100
8.4
590
940
500
14
1205
290
125
8.7
590
1055
600
15.4
1220
310
150
9.1
600
600
200
9.8
1270
350
200
9.8
605
660
250
10.5
1280
420
250
10.5
610
720
300
11.2
1290
480
300
11.2
620
835
400
12.6
1310
530
350
11.9
630
950
500
14
1325
580
400
12.6
640
1065
600
15.4
1330
640
450
13.3
650
1400
1600
1800
2000
Branch
26.6
29.4
32.2
35
Figure 29 All socket level invert tees
Table 29 Technical Parameters for All Socket Level Invert Tees

Body
XINXING PIPES
dn
e1
100
8.4
170
80
8.1
100
125
8.7
170
80
8.1
110
195
100
8.4
115
170
80
8.1
195
100
230
150
200
250
Body
DN
300
206
Branch
9.1
9.8
10.5
11.2
dn
e1
590
400
12.6
470
640
450
13.3
475
690
500
14
480
120
800
600
15.4
495
8.4
120
240
80
8.1
485
125
8.7
130
260
100
8.4
490
175
80
8.1
125
290
125
8.7
490
200
100
8.4
125
310
150
9.1
495
255
150
9.1
130
360
200
9.8
500
180
80
8.1
150
420
250
10.5
505
200
100
8.4
150
480
300
11.2
510
260
150
9.1
155
530
350
11.9
515
315
200
9.8
160
590
400
12.6
520
190
80
8.1
175
640
450
13.3
525
205
100
8.4
175
690
500
14
530
215
125
8.7
200
800
600
15.4
545
DN
800
900
Branch
18.2
19.6
207
Table 29 Technical Parameters for All Socket Level Invert Tees (continued)
Table 29 Technical Parameters for All Socket Level Invert Tees (continued)
Body
DN
300
350
400
450
500
600
208
XINXING PIPES
11.2
11.9
12.6
13.3
14
15.4
Branch
Body
dn
e1
260
150
9.1
320
200
375
250
DN
Branch
Body
dn
e1
180
240
80
8.1
9.8
185
260
100
10.5
215
290
125
DN
Branch
Body
dn
e1
535
200
100
8.4
8.4
540
230
125
8.7
540
260
DN
Branch
L
dn
e1
325
270
100
8.4
745
8.7
325
300
125
8.7
755
150
9.1
330
330
150
9.1
755
320
200
9.8
335
390
200
9.8
760
380
250
10.5
345
440
250
10.5
765
430
300
11.2
350
490
300
11.2
770
490
350
11.9
355
530
350
11.9
775
550
400
12.6
360
590
400
12.6
780
610
450
13.3
385
650
450
13.3
785
670
500
14
390
700
500
14
790
180
80
8.1
200
310
150
9.1
545
200
100
8.4
200
360
200
9.8
550
250
150
9.1
205
420
250
10.5
555
300
200
9.8
210
480
300
11.2
560
360
250
10.5
240
530
350
11.9
565
420
300
11.2
265
590
400
12.6
570
170
80
8.1
225
640
450
13.3
575
190
100
8.4
225
690
500
14
580
220
125
8.7
250
800
600
15.4
590
210
80
8.1
385
820
600
15.4
800
250
150
9.1
230
230
80
8.1
595
230
100
8.4
390
1520
1200
23.8
870
310
200
9.8
235
260
100
8.4
600
250
125
8.7
390
400
200
9.8
885
360
250
10.5
245
280
125
8.7
605
280
150
9.1
395
455
250
10.5
885
420
300
11.2
270
310
150
9.1
610
330
200
9.8
400
515
300
11.2
890
480
350
11.9
295
370
200
9.8
610
390
250
10.5
405
630
400
12.6
900
180
80
8.1
250
430
250
10.5
615
440
300
11.2
410
745
500
14
910
200
100
8.4
250
490
300
11.2
620
500
350
11.9
415
860
600
15.4
920
225
125
8.7
255
540
350
11.9
625
260
150
9.1
255
600
400
12.6
630
560
400
12.6
420
410
200
9.8
990
310
200
9.8
260
640
450
13.3
630
610
450
13.3
425
470
250
10.5
990
370
250
10.5
270
690
500
14
635
680
500
14
430
530
300
11.2
990
430
300
11.2
275
810
600
15.4
640
770
600
15.4
445
640
400
12.6
1000
480
350
11.9
300
240
80
8.1
635
240
80
8.1
435
760
500
14
1010
540
400
12.6
325
260
100
8.4
640
260
100
8.4
440
875
600
15.4
1020
200
80
8.1
275
290
125
8.7
640
290
125
8.7
440
420
200
9.8
1100
230
100
8.4
275
310
150
9.1
645
310
150
9.1
445
480
250
10.5
1100
225
125
8.7
275
360
200
9.8
650
360
200
9.8
450
540
300
11.2
1100
280
150
9.1
280
420
250
10.5
655
420
250
10.5
455
650
400
12.6
1100
330
200
9.8
285
480
300
11.2
660
480
300
11.2
460
770
500
14
1110
380
250
10.5
295
530
350
11.9
665
530
350
11.9
465
885
600
15.4
1120
440
300
11.2
300
590
400
12.6
670
490
350
11.9
305
650
450
13.3
675
540
400
12.6
330
710
500
14
680
600
450
13.3
355
820
600
15.4
695
180
80
8.1
325
250
80
8.1
745
1000
1100
1200
1400
21
22.4
23.8
26.6
600
700
800
15.4
16.8
18.2
1400
1600
1800
2000
26.6
29.4
32.2
35
209
(30) Socket spigot level invert tees with flanged branch (Refer to Figure 30 and Table 30)
able 30 Technical Parameters for Socket Spigot Level Invert Tees with Flanged Branch (continued)
Body
DN
350
400
11.9
12.6
Figure 30 Socket spigot level invert tees with flanged branch
able 30 Technical Parameters for Socket Spigot Level Invert Tees with Flanged Branch
Body
Body
DN
Lu
dn
e1
Lu
100
8.4
85
275
80
8.1
175
150
9.1
85
275
80
8.1
210
100
285
100
8.4
90
275
80
100
280
130
200
250
300
210
Branch
9.8
10.5
11.2
XINXING PIPES
DN
Body
Lu
dn
e1
95
345
80
8.1
100
355
100
115
360
135
DN
Lu
dn
e1
325
120
450
80
8.1
680
8.4
330
130
460
100
8.4
700
125
8.7
335
145
475
125
8.7
700
390
150
9.1
340
155
495
150
9.1
705
160
415
200
9.8
350
180
525
200
9.8
710
190
445
250
10.5
360
210
555
250
10.5
720
210
475
300
11.2
370
240
575
300
11.2
730
95
355
80
8.1
355
265
610
350
11.9
740
105
355
100
8.4
360
295
640
400
12.6
750
115
360
125
8.7
365
320
670
450
13.3
750
135
390
150
9.1
370
345
710
500
14
750
160
415
200
9.8
380
405
770
600
15.4
765
190
445
250
10.5
390
120
465
80
8.1
750
220
475
300
11.2
400
130
475
100
8.4
750
240
500
350
11.9
410
145
490
125
8.7
750
95
355
80
8.1
385
155
510
150
9.1
755
110
355
100
8.4
390
180
540
200
9.8
760
115
360
125
8.7
395
210
570
250
10.5
765
135
390
150
9.1
400
240
590
300
11.2
775
165
415
200
9.8
410
265
625
350
11.9
820
1000
1100
Branch
21
22.4
Lu
dn
e1
320
535
450
13.3
650
195
445
250
10.5
420
295
655
400
12.6
820
345
571
500
14
660
220
475
300
11.2
430
325
685
450
13.3
805
220
400
605
600
15.4
670
240
500
350
11.9
440
350
725
500
14
810
8.1
235
120
440
80
8.1
640
280
530
400
12.6
450
410
785
600
15.4
825
100
8.4
240
130
450
100
8.4
640
95
355
80
8.1
415
120
500
80
8.1
825
310
150
9.1
250
145
465
125
8.7
640
110
355
100
8.4
420
130
510
100
8.4
830
90
315
80
8.1
265
155
485
150
9.1
640
120
360
125
8.7
425
145
525
125
8.7
840
100
325
100
8.4
270
180
515
200
9.8
645
130
360
150
9.1
280
210
545
250
10.5
650
160
385
200
9.8
290
240
565
300
11.2
660
90
340
80
8.1
295
265
600
350
11.9
670
105
355
100
8.4
295
295
630
400
12.6
130
390
150
9.1
310
320
660
450
150
415
200
9.8
320
345
700
190
445
250
10.5
330
400
760
800
900
Branch
Branch
18.2
19.6
450
13.3
140
390
150
9.1
430
155
545
150
9.1
850
165
415
200
9.8
440
180
570
200
9.8
860
190
445
250
10.5
450
210
600
250
10.5
870
220
475
300
11.2
460
240
630
300
11.2
880
245
500
350
11.9
470
265
660
350
11.9
890
680
280
530
400
12.6
480
295
690
400
12.6
905
13.3
685
300
555
450
13.3
490
325
720
450
13.3
905
500
14
690
100
355
80
8.1
475
355
760
500
14
910
600
15.4
705
100
355
100
8.4
480
410
820
600
15.4
910
120
360
125
8.7
485
170
525
80
8.1
910
500
600
14
15.4
1200
1400
23.8
26.6
211
(31) All socket 45 eccentric tees (Refer to Figure 31 and Table 31)
able 30 Technical Parameters for Socket Spigot Level Invert Tees with Flanged Branch (continued)
Body
DN
600
700
800
15.4
16.8
18.2
Branch
Body
Lu
dn
e1
130
390
150
9.1
170
415
200
190
445
215
DN
Lu
dn
e1
490
210
535
100
8.4
910
9.8
500
225
550
125
8.7
920
250
10.5
510
240
570
150
9.1
925
475
300
11.2
520
270
595
200
9.8
935
245
500
350
11.9
530
280
625
250
10.5
940
285
530
400
12.6
540
325
655
300
11.2
945
305
555
450
13.3
550
355
685
350
11.9
955
335
580
500
14
560
385
715
400
12.6
965
105
345
80
8.1
520
415
745
450
13.3
975
115
345
100
8.4
540
440
785
500
14
985
125
361
125
8.7
540
500
845
600
15.4
990
140
370
150
9.1
550
290
730
200
9.8
1050
170
385
200
9.8
560
320
760
250
10.5
1060
195
430
250
10.5
570
345
790
300
11.2
1065
220
440
300
11.2
580
405
860
400
12.6
1080
250
475
350
11.9
590
465
895
500
14
1095
285
495
400
12.6
600
520
915
600
15.4
1110
305
525
450
13.3
610
300
730
200
9.8
1170
340
560
500
14
620
320
760
250
10.5
1170
385
595
600
15.4
630
350
790
300
11.2
1175
120
355
80
8.1
580
410
860
400
12.6
1190
130
355
100
8.4
580
470
915
500
14
1205
145
371
125
8.7
600
525
970
600
15.4
1220
155
381
150
9.1
605
300
730
200
9.8
1270
180
395
200
9.8
610
330
760
250
10.5
1280
210
441
250
10.5
620
360
790
300
11.2
1290
240
451
300
11.2
630
415
860
400
12.6
1310
265
485
350
11.9
630
475
915
500
14
1325
295
505
400
12.6
640
530
970
600
15.4
1330
1400
1600
1800
2000
Branch
26.6
29.4
32.2
35
Figure 31 All socket 45 eccentric tee
Table 31 Technical Parameters for All Socket 45 Eccentric Tees

DN
dn
80
80
100
125
150
250
XINXING PIPES
8.1
8.1
240
85
8.1
265
8.4
dn
size
L
100
8.4
630
105
85
125
8.7
630
120
265
95
150
9.1
635
135
8.1
295
85
9.8
640
165
8.4
300
100
10.5
645
190
125
8.7
300
115
300
11.2
650
220
80
8.1
325
85
350
11.9
660
250
8.4
330
100
400
12.6
665
280
8.7
330
115
100
8.4
690
105
150
9.1
335
125
150
9.1
695
135
80
8.1
385
90
200
9.8
700
165
100
8.4
390
100
10.5
705
195
8.7
390
115
11.2
710
225
150
9.1
395
130
350
11.9
720
250
200
9.8
400
160
400
12.6
725
280
8.1
445
90
450
13.3
730
310
100
e1
DN
e1
80
8.4
80
200
212
size
100
100
125
125
80
8.7
9.1
9.8
10.5
400
450
200
250
250
300
12.6
13.3
213
(32) All flanged 45 eccentric tees (Refer to Figure 32 and Table 32)
Table 31 Technical Parameters for All Socket 45 Eccentric Tees (continued)

DN
250
300
350
dn
size
e1
100
8.4
450
100
125
8.7
450
9.1
200
dn
size
e1
100
8.4
750
110
115
150
9.1
755
140
455
130
200
9.8
760
145
9.8
460
160
250
10.5
770
195
250
10.5
465
190
11.2
775
225
80
8.1
505
90
350
11.9
780
255
100
8.4
510
100
400
12.6
785
280
125
8.7
510
115
450
13.3
790
310
9.1
515
130
500
14
795
340
200
9.8
520
160
100
8.4
870
110
250
10.5
525
190
150
9.1
880
140
300
11.2
530
220
200
9.8
885
170
100
8.4
570
105
250
10.5
890
200
125
8.7
570
120
11.2
895
225
150
9.1
575
135
11.9
900
255
9.8
580
160
400
12.6
905
285
250
10.5
585
190
450
13.3
910
315
300
11.2
590
220
500
14
915
345
350
11.9
595
250
600
15.4
930
400
150
150
200
DN
10.5
11.2
11.9
500
600
300
300
350
14
15.4
Figure 32 All flanged 45 eccentric tees
Table 32 Technical Parameters for All Flanged 45 Eccentric Tees

DN
dn
80
80
100
size
h
8.1
8.1
390
85
8.1
415
8.4
100
8.4
780
105
85
125
8.7
780
120
415
95
150
9.1
785
135
8.1
445
85
9.8
790
165
8.4
445
95
10.5
795
190
125
8.7
450
110
300
11.2
800
220
80
8.1
475
85
350
11.9
810
250
8.4
480
100
400
12.6
815
280
8.7
480
115
100
8.4
840
105
150
9.1
485
125
150
9.1
845
135
80
8.1
535
90
9.8
850
165
8.4
540
100
10.5
855
195
8.7
540
115
300
11.2
865
225
9.1
545
130
350
11.9
870
250
8.4
80
125
150
200
100
100
125
100
125
150
214
XINXING PIPES
size
h
100
e1
dn
e1
80
DN
8.7
9.1
9.8
400
450
200
250
200
250
12.6
13.3
215
Table 32 Technical Parameters for All Flanged 45 Eccentric Tees (continued)
(33) All socket crosses (Refer to Figure 33 and Table 33)
DN
dn
200
200
250
300
350
size
e
e1
9.8
9.8
550
160
80
8.1
595
90
100
8.4
600
100
8.7
600
9.1
200
DN
dn
size
e1
12.6
875
280
13.3
880
310
100
8.4
900
110
115
150
9.1
915
140
605
130
200
9.8
915
165
9.8
610
160
250
10.5
920
195
250
10.5
615
190
11.2
925
225
80
8.1
655
90
350
11.9
930
245
100
8.4
660
100
400
12.6
935
280
125
8.7
660
115
450
13.3
940
310
9.1
665
130
500
14
945
340
200
9.8
670
160
100
8.4
1020
110
250
10.5
675
190
150
9.1
1030
140
300
11.2
680
220
200
9.8
1035
170
100
8.4
720
105
250
10.5
1040
200
125
8.7
720
120
300
11.2
1045
225
150
9.1
725
135
11.9
1050
255
9.8
730
160
400
12.6
1055
285
250
10.5
735
190
450
13.3
1060
315
DN
dn
e1
300
11.2
740
220
500
14
1065
345
80
8.1
85
80
8.1
350
11.9
745
250
600
15.4
1080
400
100
8.4
85
80
95
125
150
150
200
10.5
11.2
11.9
450
500
600
400
450
300
350
e
13.3
14
15.4
Figure 33 All socket crosses
Table 33 Technical Parameters for All Socket Crosses

Body
125
150
200
216
XINXING PIPES
8.7
9.1
9.8
Branch
Body
L
dn
e1
85
155
200
9.8
250
8.1
95
180
250
10.5
260
100
8.4
95
210
300
11.2
265
85
80
8.1
105
240
350
11.9
265
95
100
8.4
110
270
400
12.6
270
110
125
8.7
110
90
80
8.1
265
85
80
8.1
120
100
100
8.4
265
100
100
8.4
120
125
125
8.7
265
115
125
8.7
120
130
150
9.1
265
130
150
9.1
125
155
200
9.8
270
90
80
8.1
145
185
250
10.5
285
100
100
8.4
145
215
300
11.2
290
115
125
8.7
145
240
350
11.9
290
130
150
9.1
150
270
400
12.6
290
160
200
9.8
155
300
450
13.3
300
DN
400
450
Branch
12.6
13.3
217
(34) All flanged crosses (Refer to Figure 34 and Table 34)
Table 33 Technical Parameters for All Socket Crosses (continued)

Body
DN
250
300
350
400
10.5
11.2
11.9
12.6
Branch
Body
dn
e1
90
80
8.1
100
100
115
DN
dn
e1
170
100
80
8.1
295
8.4
170
115
100
8.4
295
125
8.7
170
125
125
8.7
295
130
150
9.1
175
140
150
9.1
295
160
200
9.8
180
165
200
9.8
300
190
250
10.5
190
190
250
10.5
310
95
80
8.1
190
220
300
11.2
315
105
100
8.4
195
245
350
11.9
315
120
125
8.7
225
270
400
12.6
315
130
150
9.1
200
300
450
13.3
315
160
200
9.8
205
330
500
14
330
190
250
10.5
210
90
80
8.1
345
220
300
11.2
220
100
100
8.4
345
90
80
8.1
215
125
125
8.7
345
100
100
8.4
215
130
150
9.1
345
125
150
9.1
215
160
200
9.8
350
150
200
9.8
220
190
250
10.5
360
180
250
10.5
235
215
300
11.2
365
DN
dn
e1
210
300
11.2
235
245
350
11.9
365
80
8.1
165
80
8.1
240
350
11.9
240
275
400
12.6
365
80
80
8.1
240
305
450
13.3
365
8.4
165
85
100
180
95
100
8.4
240
335
500
14
375
120
125
8.7
250
390
600
15.4
390
125
150
9.1
250
500
600
Branch
14
15.4
Figure 34 All flanged crosses
Table 34 Technical Parameters for All Flanged Crosses

Body
125
150
200
250
218
XINXING PIPES
8.7
9.1
9.8
10.5
Branch
Body
L
dn
e1
165
235
150
9.1
355
8.1
175
450
200
9.8
350
100
8.4
180
250
250
10.5
345
200
80
8.1
190
275
300
11.2
370
200
100
8.4
195
450
350
11.9
360
200
125
8.7
200
330
400
12.6
390
220
80
8.1
205
360
100
8.4
400
220
100
8.4
210
380
125
8.7
390
220
125
8.7
215
450
150
9.1
450
220
150
9.1
220
235
200
9.8
370
260
80
8.1
235
475
250
10.5
375
260
100
8.4
240
265
300
11.2
375
220
125
8.7
240
285
350
11.9
400
260
150
9.1
250
475
400
12.6
375
260
200
9.8
260
345
450
13.3
420
200
80
8.1
265
370
100
8.4
430
DN
400
450
500
Branch
12.6
13.3
14
219
(35) Socket spigot crosses with double socket (Refer to Figure 35 and Table 35)
Table 34 Technical Parameters for All Flanged Crosses (continued)

Body
DN
250
300
350
400
10.5
11.2
11.9
12.6
Branch
Body
dn
e1
350
100
8.4
240
125
240
DN
dn
e1
275
395
125
8.7
420
8.7
280
430
150
9.1
450
150
9.1
280
475
200
9.8
475
350
200
9.8
325
500
250
10.5
400
350
250
10.5
350
500
300
11.2
400
210
100
8.4
295
500
350
11.9
400
400
125
8.7
300
500
400
12.6
400
240
150
9.1
300
500
450
13.3
400
250
200
9.8
310
500
500
14
400
400
250
10.5
350
500
100
8.4
500
310
300
11.2
330
500
125
8.7
500
400
100
8.4
400
500
150
9.1
500
220
125
8.7
325
500
200
9.8
500
425
150
9.1
325
500
250
10.5
500
240
200
9.8
325
550
300
11.2
450
265
250
10.5
340
550
350
11.9
450
425
300
11.2
325
550
400
12.6
450
320
350
11.9
360
550
450
13.3
450
340
100
8.4
350
550
500
14
450
425
125
8.7
425
550
600
15.4
450
500
600
Branch
14
15.4
Figure 35 Socket spigot crosses with double socket
Table 35 Technical Parameters for Socket Spigot Crosses with Double Socket
DN
e1
dn
e2
80
8.1
85
260
80
8.1
85
100
8.4
85
270
80
8.1
95
95
275
100
8.4
95
85
280
80
8.1
120
100
280
100
8.4
120
130
310
150
9.1
125
90
280
80
8.1
145
100
280
100
8.4
145
130
310
150
9.1
150
160
340
200
9.8
155
90
280
80
8.1
170
100
280
100
8.4
170
130
310
150
9.1
175
160
340
200
9.8
180
190
370
250
10.5
190
105
285
100
8.4
195
130
310
150
9.1
200
150
200
250
300
220
XINXING PIPES
9.1
9.8
10.5
11.2
221
(36) T-type spigot cap (Refer to Figure 36 and Table 36)
Table 35 Technical Parameters for Socket Spigot Crosses with Double Socket (continued)
DN
300
400
500
600
222
XINXING PIPES
e1
11.2
12.6
14
15.4
dn
e2
160
340
200
9.8
205
190
370
250
10.5
210
220
400
300
11.2
220
110
290
100
8.4
245
135
315
150
9.1
250
165
345
200
9.8
255
195
375
250
10.5
260
220
400
300
11.2
270
280
460
400
12.6
280
110
310
100
8.4
290
135
335
150
9.1
295
165
365
200
9.8
300
195
395
250
10.5
315
225
425
300
11.2
320
285
485
400
12.6
330
340
540
500
14
340
110
315
100
8.4
350
135
340
150
9.1
355
165
370
200
9.8
360
195
400
250
10.5
365
230
430
300
11.2
370
285
485
400
12.6
380
345
545
500
14
390
400
600
600
15.4
400
(a) DN300
(b) DN 300
Figure 36 T-type spigot cap

Table 36 Technical Parameters for T-type Spigot Cap
DN
DN
80
18
600
29.5
565
100
18
700
31
665
125
18
800
33
760
150
18
900
35
860
200
18
1000
37
960
250
19.5
1100
39
1060
300
23
1200
41
1160
350
24
315
1400
43
1260
400
25
370
1500
44
2362
450
26
420
1600
45
2715
500
27
460
1800
48
3186
223
(38) Flexible couplings (Refer to Figure 38 and Table 38)
(37) T-type socket plugs (Refer to Figure 36 and Table 36)
(a) DN300
Figure 37 T-type socket plugs
Figure 38 Flexible couplings
Table 38 Technical Parameters for Flexible Couplings
Table 37 Technical Parameters for T-type Socket Plugs
224
DN
DE
e1
K.R
80
98
16
190
100
118
18
7.2
200
125
144
18
7.5
212
150
170
18
7.8
225
200
222
18
7.2
250
250
274
19.5
9.0
250
300
326
23
9.6
275
350
378
24
10.2
315
275
400
429
25
10.8
370
275
450
480
26
11.4
420
500
532
27
12
600
635
29.5
700
738
800
DN
size
Bolts
d1
DIA
80
98
96
40
15
M16
100
118
96
40
15
M16
150
170
96
40
15
M20
200
222
96
46
15
M20
250
274
116
50
15
M24
300
326
116
50
15
M24
350
378
134
50
20
M24
275
400
429
134
50
20
M27
460
275
450
480
134
50
20
10
M27
13.2
565
300
500
532
154
55
25
10
M30
30
14.4
660
320
600
635
174
60
25
10
M33
842
30
15.6
760
330
700
738
184
70
30
12
M33
900
945
30
16.8
860
350
800
842
184
70
30
12
M36
1000
1048
35
18
960
360
1100
1152
35
19.2
1060
380
900
945
214
85
30
14
M36
1200
1255
35
20.4
1160
390
1000
1048
244
92
30
14
M39
1400
1462
40
22.8
1260
410
1200
1255
274
107
30
16
M45
1500
1565
40
24
1360
420
1400
1462
360
96
15
18
M24
1600
1668
40
25.2
1460
450
1500
1565
470
118
25
18
M52
1800
1875
45
27.6
1560
480
1600
1668
485
120
30
20
M45
XINXING PIPES
225
(39) Flange adaptors (Refer to Figure 39 and Table 39)
(40) Dismantling joints (Refer to Figure 40 and Table 40)
Figure 40 Dismantling joints
Figure 39 Flange adaptors

Table 39 Technical Parameters for Flange Adaptors
Table 40 Technical Parameters for Dismantling Joints

226
DN
t1
80
d1
No. of Bolts/n
Sizes of Bolts/ DIA
PN10
PN16
PN25
PN10
PN16
PN25
PN10
PN16
PN25
70
160
160
160
M16
M16
M16
100
70
180
180
190
M16
M16
150
75
240
240
250
M20
200
75
295
295
310
250
90
350
355
370
300
90
400
410
430
350
100
460
470
490
400
100
515
525
450
100
565
500
114
600
DN
L
PN10
PN16
PN25
PN40
80
200
200
210
210
M20
100
200
200
220
220
M20
M24
150
200
200
230
230
M20
M20
M24
200
220
220
230
240
M20
M24
M27
250
220
230
250
260
M20
M24
M27
300
220
250
250
280
M20
M24
M30
350
230
260
270
290
550
M24
M27
M33
400
230
270
280
340
585
600
10
10
10
M24
M27
M33
450
250
270
280
340
620
650
660
10
10
10
M24
M30
M33
500
260
280
300
380
114
725
770
770
10
10
10
M27
M33
M36
600
260
300
320
390
700
130
840
840
875
12
12
12
M27
M33
M39
700
335
335
335
800
130
950
950
990
12
12
12
M30
M36
M45
800
335
335
335
900
130
1050
1050
1050
14
14
14
M30
M36
M45
900
355
355
355
1000
130
1160
1170
1160
14
14
14
M33
M39
M52
1000
355
355
355
1200
130
1380
1390
1380
16
16
16
M36
M45
M52
1200
375
375
375
1400
150
1590
1590
1640
18
18
18
M39
M45
M56
1400
380
380
1500
170
1700
1710
18
18
M39
M52
1500
450
450
1600
180
1820
1820
20
20
M45
M52
1600
450
450
XINXING PIPES
227
(42)Flange
(41) Flange bellmouthes (Refer to Figure 41 and Table 41)
Figure 40 Dismantling joint

Table 42 Technical Parameters for Flange PN10
Figure 41 Flange bellmouthes
Table 41 Technical Parameters for Flange Bellmouthes
DN
D1
D2
D3
DE
80
200
160
132
98
19
15
100
220
180
156
118
19
150
285
240
211
170
19
200
340
295
266
222
250
400
350
319
300
455
400
Specification
19
M16
15
19
M16
15
23
M20
20
16
23
M20
274
22
17.5
10
23
M20
12
370
326
24.5
19.5
10
23
M20
12
228
bolt holes
DN
DN
80
170
120
800
980
380
100
190
130
900
1095
415
150
260
150
1000
1210
450
200
300
180
1200
1440
520
250
350
200
1400
1670
590
350
505
460
429
378
24.5
19.5
10
23
M20
16
300
420
250
1600
1900
660
400
565
515
480
429
24.5
19.5
10
28
M24
16
350
550
250
1800
2130
730
450
615
565
530
480
24.5
20.5
12
28
M24
20
400
550
250
2000
2360
800
500
670
620
582
532
26.5
21
12
28
M24
20
450
620
260
2200
2588
800
600
780
725
682
635
30
24
12
31
M27
20
500
680
300
2400
2756
800
700
895
840
794
738
32.5
23
16
31
M27
24
900
800
1015
950
901
842
35
24.5
16
34
M30
24
900
1115
1050
1001
945
37.5
26.5
16
34
M30
28
1000
1230
1160
1112
1048
40
28
16
37
M33
28
1100
1340
1270
1218
1152
42.5
30
20
37
M33
32
1200
1455
1380
1328
1255
45
31.5
20
40
M36
32
1400
1675
1590
1530
1462
46
32
20
43
M39
36
1500
1786
1700
1640
1565
47.5
33
20
43
M39
36
1600
1915
1820
1750
1668
49
34.5
20
49
M45
40
1800
2115
2020
1950
1875
52
36.5
20
49
M45
44
2000
2325
2230
2150
2082
55
38.5
20
49
M45
48
600
780
300
700
865
345
XINXING PIPES
2600
3000
229
PN16 (Refer to Figure 42and Table 43)

230
DN
D1
D2
D3
DE
80
200
160
132
98
19
15
100
220
180
156
118
19
150
285
240
211
170
19
200
340
295
266
222
250
400
355
319
300
455
410
350
520
400
bolt holes
DN
D1
D2
D3
DE
Specification
19
M16
80
200
160
132
98
19
15
15
19
M16
100
235
190
156
118
19
15
23
M20
150
300
250
211
170
20
20
16
23
M20
12
200
360
310
274
222
274
22
17.5
10
28
M24
12
250
425
370
330
370
326
24.5
19.5
10
28
M24
12
300
485
430
470
429
378
26.5
21
10
28
M24
16
350
555
580
525
480
429
28
22.5
10
31
M27
16
400
450
640
585
548
480
30
24
12
31
M27
20
500
715
650
609
532
31.5
25
12
34
M30
600
840
770
720
635
36
29
12
37
700
910
840
794
738
39.5
27.5
16
800
1025
950
901
842
43
30
900
1125
1050
1001
945
46.5
1000
1255
1170
1112
1048
50
1100
1355
1270
1218
1152
1200
1485
1390
1328
1400
1685
1590
1500
1820
1600
bolt holes
d
Specification
19
M16
15
23
M20
16
28
M24
22
17.5
28
M24
12
274
24.5
19.5
10
31
M27
12
389
326
27.5
22
10
31
M27
16
490
448
378
30
24
10
34
M30
16
620
550
503
429
32
25.5
10
37
M33
16
450
670
600
548
480
34.5
27.5
12
37
M33
20
20
500
730
660
609
532
36.5
29
12
37
M33
20
M33
20
600
845
770
720
635
42
33.5
12
40
M36
20
37
M33
24
700
960
875
820
738
46.5
32.5
16
43
M39
24
16
40
M36
24
800
1085
990
928
842
51
35.5
16
49
M45
24
32.5
16
40
M36
28
900
1185
1090
1028
945
55.5
39
16
49
M45
28
35
16
43
M39
28
1000
1320
1210
1140
1048
60
42
16
56
M52
28
53.5
37.5
20
43
M39
32
1100
1420
1310
1240
1152
64.5
45
20
56
M52
32
1255
57
40
20
49
M45
32
1200
1530
1420
1350
1255
69
48.5
20
56
M52
32
1530
1462
60
42
20
49
M45
36
1400
1755
1640
1560
1462
74
52
20
62
M56
36
1710
1640
1565
62.5
43
20
56
M52
36
1600
1975
1860
1780
1668
81
56.5
20
62
M56
40
1930
1820
1750
1668
65
45.5
20
56
M52
40
1800
2195
2070
1985
1875
88
61.5
20
70
M64
44
1800
2130
2020
1950
1875
70
49
20
56
M52
44
2000
2425
2300
2210
2082
95
66.5
20
70
M64
48
2000
2345
2230
2150
2082
75
52.5
20
62
M56
48
XINXING PIPES
231
Table 45 Technical Parameters for PN40
Table 46 Technical Parameters for Welded-on Flange PN10

DN
D1
D2
D3
DE
80
200
160
132
98
19
15
100
235
190
156
118
19
150
300
250
211
170
26
200
375
320
284
222
250
450
385
345
300
515
450
350
580
400
bolt holes
DN
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
Specification
80
220
160
132
98
112
118
19
19
50
19
M16
100
220
180
156
118
133
139
19
19
60
15
23
M20
125
250
210
170
144
158
164
19
19
60
18
28
M24
150
285
240
211
170
186
192
19
23
60
30
21
31
M27
12
200
340
295
266
222
240
246
20
23
64
274
34.5
24
10
34
M30
12
250
400
350
319
274
294
300
22
23
12
10
64
409
326
39.5
27.5
10
34
M30
16
300
455
400
370
326
346
352
24.5
23
12
10
74
510
465
378
44
31
10
37
M33
16
350
505
460
429
378
400
408
24.5
23
16
10
74
660
585
535
429
48
33.5
10
40
M36
16
400
565
515
480
429
451
459
24.5
28
16
10
80
450
685
610
560
480
50
35
12
40
M36
20
450
615
565
530
480
500
506
24.5
28
20
12
80
500
755
670
615
532
52
36.5
12
43
M39
20
500
670
620
582
532
552
558
26.5
28
20
12
86
600
890
795
735
635
58
40.5
12
49
M45
20
600
780
725
682
635
655
663
30
31
20
12
96
700
895
840
794
738
760
768
32.5
31
24
12
98
800
1015
950
901
842
866
876
35
34
24
12
100
900
1115
1050
1001
945
971
981
37.5
34
28
12
103
1000
1230
1160
1112
1048
1076
1086
40
37
28
12
120
1100
1340
1270
1218
1152
1180
1190
42.5
37
32
12
123
1200
1455
1380
1328
1255
1285
1295
45
40
32
15
128
1400
1675
1590
1530
1462
1496
1512
46
43
36
15
138
1500
1785
1700
1640
1565
1601
1617
47.5
43
36
15
140
1600
1915
1820
1750
1668
1706
1722
49
49
40
15
142
1800
2115
2020
1950
1875
1917
1933
52
49
44
15
145
2000
2325
2230
2150
2082
2126
2136
55
49
48
15
148
(43) Welded-on flange
Figure 43 Welded-on flange
232
XINXING PIPES
233

234
DN
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
DN
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
80
220
160
132
98
112
118
19
19
50
80
220
160
132
98
112
118
19
19
50
100
220
180
156
118
133
139
19
19
60
100
235
190
156
118
133
139
19
23
60
125
250
210
170
144
158
164
19
19
60
125
270
220
184
144
158
164
19
28
60
150
285
240
211
170
186
192
19
23
60
150
300
250
211
170
186
192
20
28
60
200
340
295
266
222
240
246
20
23
12
64
200
360
310
274
222
239
245
22
28
12
62
250
400
355
319
274
294
300
22
28
12
10
64
250
425
370
330
274
294
300
24.5
31
12
10
63.5
300
455
410
370
326
346
352
24.5
28
12
10
74
300
485
430
389
326
346
352
27.5
31
16
10
73
350
520
470
429
378
400
408
26.5
28
16
10
74
350
555
490
448
378
398
408
30
34
16
10
76
400
580
525
480
429
451
459
28
31
16
10
80
400
620
550
503
429
449
459
32
37
16
10
78
450
640
585
548
480
500
506
30
31
20
12
86
450
670
600
548
480
500
510
34.5
37
20
12
81
500
715
650
609
532
552
558
31.5
34
20
12
91
500
730
660
609
532
552
562
36.5
37
20
12
83
600
840
770
720
635
655
663
36
37
20
12
100
600
845
770
720
635
655
665
42
40
20
12
90
700
910
840
794
738
760
768
39.5
37
24
12
105
700
960
875
820
738
760
776
46.5
43
24
12
95
800
1025
950
901
842
866
876
43
40
24
12
108
800
1085
990
928
842
866
886
51
49
24
15
100
900
1125
1050
1001
945
971
981
46.5
40
28
12
112
900
1185
1090
1028
945
971
991
55.5
49
28
15
105
1000
1255
1170
1112
1048
1076
1086
50
43
28
12
130
1000
1320
1210
1140
1048
1076
1096
60
56
28
15
110
1100
1355
1270
1218
1152
1180
1190
53.5
43
32
12
134
1100
1420
1310
1240
1152
1180
1200
64.5
56
32
15
115
1200
1485
1390
1328
1255
1285
1295
57
49
32
15
138
1200
1530
1420
1350
1255
1285
1305
69
56
32
15
120
1400
1685
1590
1530
1462
1496
1512
60
49
36
15
152
1400
1755
1640
1560
1462
1496
1516
74
62
36
15
125
1500
1820
1710
1640
1565
1601
1617
62.5
56
36
15
155
1500
1865
1750
1678
1565
1601
1625
77.5
62
36
15
130
1600
1930
1820
1750
1668
1706
1722
65
56
40
15
158
1600
1975
1860
1780
1668
1706
1726
81
62
40
15
132
1800
2130
2020
1950
1875
1917
1933
70
56
44
15
163
1800
2195
2070
1985
1875
1917
1937
88
70
44
15
139
2000
2345
2230
2150
2082
2126
2136
75
62
48
15
168
2000
2425
2300
2210
2082
2126
2150
95
70
48
15
188
XINXING PIPES
235
(44) Welded puddle flanges (Refer to Figure 44 and Table 49)
Table 49 Technical Parameters for Welded Puddle Flanges (continued)

Specification
Figure 44 Welded puddle flanges
PN10
PN16
PN25
DN
D1
D2
D1
D2
D1
D2
900
1115
945
32.5
1125
945
41.5
1185
945
50.5
1000
1230
1048
35
1255
1048
45
1320
1048
55
1100
1340
1152
37.5
1355
1152
48.5
1420
1152
59.5
1200
1455
1255
40
1485
1255
52
1530
1255
64
1400
1675
1462
41
1685
1462
55
1755
1462
69
1500
1785
1565
42.5
1820
1565
57.5
1865
1565
72.5
1600
1915
1668
44
1930
1668
60
1975
1668
76
1800
2115
1875
47
2130
1875
65
2195
1875
83
2000
2325
2082
50
2345
2082
70
2425
2082
90
(45) Blank flanges
Table 49 Technical Parameters for Welded Puddle Flanges

Specification
236
PN10
PN16
PN25
DN
D1
D2
D1
D2
D1
D2
80
220
98
16
220
98
16
220
98
16
100
220
118
16
220
118
16
235
118
16
125
250
144
16
250
144
16
270
144
16
150
285
170
16
285
170
16
300
170
17
200
340
222
17
340
222
17
360
222
19
250
400
274
19
400
274
19
425
274
21.5
300
455
326
20.5
455
326
20.5
485
326
23.5
350
505
378
20.5
520
378
22.5
555
378
26
400
565
429
20.5
580
429
24
620
429
28
450
615
480
20.5
640
480
26
670
480
30.5
500
670
532
22.5
715
532
27.5
730
532
32.5
600
780
635
25
840
635
31
845
635
37
700
895
738
27.5
910
738
34.5
960
738
41.5
800
1015
842
30
1025
842
38
1085
842
46
XINXING PIPES
(a) DN300
(b) DN>300
Figure 45 Blank flanges PN10
237
Table 50 Technical Parameters for Blank Flange (PN10)
Table 51 Technical Parameters for Blank Flange (PN16) (continued)

DN
DN
80
200
19
16
450
640
30
26
425
100
220
19
16
500
715
31.5
27.5
475
125
250
19
16
600
840
36
31
575
150
285
19
16
700
910
39.5
34.5
675
200
340
20
17
800
1025
43
38
775
250
400
22
19
900
1125
46.5
41.5
875
300
455
24.5
20.5
1000
1255
50
45
975
1100
1355
53.5
48.5
1075
350
505
24.5
20.5
325
1200
1485
57
52
1175
400
565
24.5
20.5
375
1400
1685
60
55
1375
450
615
25.5
21.5
425
1500
1820
62.5
57.5
1475
500
670
26.5
22.5
475
1600
1930
65
60
1575
600
780
30
25
575
1800
2130
70
65
1775
700
895
32.5
27.5
675
2000
2345
75
70
1975
800
1015
35
30
775
900
1115
37.5
32.5
875
1000
1230
40
35
975
1100
1340
42.5
37.5
1075
1200
1455
45
40
1175
1400
1675
46
41
1375
1500
1786
47.5
42.5
1475
1600
1915
49
44
1575
1800
2115
52
47
1775
2000
2325
55
50
1975

238
DN
80
200
19
16
100
220
19
16
125
250
19
16
150
285
19
16
200
340
20
17
250
400
22
19
300
455
24.5
20.5
350
520
26.5
22.5
325
400
580
28
24
375
XINXING PIPES

DN
80
200
19
16
100
235
19
16
125
270
19
16
150
300
20
17
200
360
22
19
250
425
24.5
21.5
300
485
27.5
23.5
350
555
30
26
325
400
620
32
28
375
450
670
34.5
30.5
425
500
730
36.5
32.5
475
600
845
42
37
575
700
960
46.5
41.5
675
800
1085
51
46
775
900
1185
55.5
50.5
875
1000
1320
60
55
975
1200
1530
69
64
1075
1400
1755
74
69
1175
1600
1975
81
76
1375
1800
2195
88
83
1475
2000
2425
95
90
1575
239
(46) Reducing flanges
Table 53 Technical Parameters for Reducing Flanges (PN10) (continued)

Figure 46 Blank PN10

Table 53 Technical Parameters for Reducing Flanges (PN10)
240
DNdn
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
n1
n2
400200
565
515
270
205
295
340
16
28
20
45
400250
565
515
303
254
350
400
16
12
28
20
47
400300
565
515
354
309
400
455
16
12
28
20
49
50080
670
620
118
84
160
200
20
28
16
46
500100
670
620
148
104
180
220
20
28
16
46
500150
670
620
203
155
240
285
20
28
20
46
500200
670
620
250
205
295
340
20
28
20
47
500250
670
620
303
254
350
400
20
12
28
20
49
500300
670
620
354
309
400
455
20
12
28
20
51
500350
670
620
409
354
460
505
20
16
28
20
51
500400
670
620
464
409
515
565
20
16
28
24
51
60080
780
725
118
84
160
200
20
31
16
49
600100
780
725
148
104
180
220
20
31
16
49
600150
780
725
205
155
240
285
20
31
20
49
600200
780
725
250
205
295
340
20
31
20
50
600250
780
725
303
254
350
400
20
12
31
20
52
600300
780
725
354
309
400
455
20
12
31
20
55
DNdn
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
n1
n2
600350
780
725
409
354
460
505
20
16
31
20
55
20080
340
295
118
84
160
200
23
16
39
600400
780
725
464
409
515
565
20
16
31
24
55
200100
340
295
144
104
180
220
23
16
39
600450
780
725
515
455
565
615
20
20
31
24
55
25080
400
350
118
84
160
200
12
23
16
41
80080
1015
950
118
84
160
200
24
34
16
54
250100
400
350
148
104
180
220
12
23
16
41
800100
1015
950
148
104
180
220
24
34
16
54
250150
400
350
200
154
240
285
12
23
20
43
800150
1015
950
205
155
240
295
24
34
20
54
30080
455
400
118
84
160
200
12
23
16
44
800200
1015
950
250
205
295
340
24
34
20
55
300100
455
400
148
104
180
220
12
23
16
44
800250
1015
950
303
254
350
400
24
12
34
20
57
300150
455
400
200
154
240
285
12
23
20
44
800300
1015
950
354
309
400
455
24
12
34
20
60
300200
455
400
250
205
295
340
12
23
20
45
800350
1015
950
409
354
460
505
24
16
34
20
60
35080
505
460
118
84
160
200
16
23
16
44
800400
1015
950
464
409
515
565
24
16
34
24
60
350100
505
460
148
104
180
220
16
23
16
44
800450
1015
950
515
455
565
615
24
20
34
24
60
350150
505
460
203
155
240
285
16
23
20
44
800500
1015
950
566
508
620
670
24
20
34
24
62
350200
505
460
250
205
295
340
16
23
20
44
800600
1015
950
670
608
725
780
24
20
34
27
65
350250
505
460
303
254
350
400
16
12
23
20
47
40080
565
515
118
84
160
200
16
28
16
44
400100
565
515
148
104
180
220
16
28
16
44
400150
565
515
205
155
240
285
16
28
20
44
XINXING PIPES
241


242
DNdn
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
n1
n2
600350
840
770
409
354
470
520
20
16
37
24
62
600400
840
770
464
409
525
580
20
16
37
27
64
600450
840
770
515
455
585
640
20
20
37
27
66
80080
1025
950
118
84
160
200
24
40
16
62
800100
1025
950
148
104
180
220
24
40
16
62
800150
1025
950
205
155
240
295
24
40
20
62
800200
1025
950
250
205
295
340
24
12
40
20
63
800250
1025
950
303
254
355
400
24
12
40
24
65
800300
1025
950
354
309
410
455
24
12
40
24
67
800350
1025
950
409
354
470
520
24
16
40
24
68
800400
1025
950
464
409
525
580
24
16
40
27
70
800450
1025
950
515
455
585
640
24
20
40
27
73
800500
1025
950
566
508
650
715
24
20
40
30
74
800600
1025
950
670
608
770
840
24
20
40
33
79
DNdn
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
n1
n2
20080
340
295
118
84
160
200
12
23
16
39
200100
340
295
144
104
180
220
12
23
16
39
25080
400
355
118
84
160
200
12
28
16
41
250100
400
355
148
104
180
220
12
28
16
41
250150
400
355
200
154
240
285
12
28
20
43
30080
455
410
118
84
160
200
12
28
16
44
300100
455
410
148
104
180
220
12
28
16
44
300150
455
410
200
154
240
285
12
28
20
44
300200
455
410
250
205
295
340
12
12
28
20
45
35080
520
470
118
84
160
200
16
28
16
45
350100
520
470
148
104
180
220
16
28
16
45
350150
520
470
203
155
240
285
16
28
20
45
350200
520
470
250
205
295
340
16
12
28
20
46
350250
520
470
303
254
355
400
16
12
28
24
48
40080
580
525
118
84
160
200
16
31
16
47
400100
580
525
148
104
180
220
16
31
16
47
400150
580
525
205
155
240
285
16
31
20
47
400200
580
525
270
205
295
340
16
12
31
20
48
DNdn
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
n1
n2
400250
580
525
303
254
355
400
16
12
31
24
50
20080
360
310
118
84
160
200
12
28
16
41
400300
580
525
354
309
410
455
16
12
31
24
52
200100
360
310
144
104
190
235
12
28
20
41
50080
715
650
118
84
160
200
20
34
16
50
25080
425
370
118
84
160
200
12
31
16
43
500100
715
650
148
104
180
220
20
34
16
50
250100
425
370
148
104
190
235
12
31
20
43
500150
715
650
203
155
240
285
20
34
20
50
250150
425
370
200
154
250
300
12
31
24
44
500200
715
650
250
205
295
340
20
12
34
20
50
30080
485
430
118
84
160
200
16
31
16
46
500250
715
650
303
254
350
400
20
12
34
24
52
300100
485
430
148
104
190
235
16
31
20
46
500300
715
650
354
309
400
455
20
12
34
24
56
300150
485
430
200
154
250
300
16
31
24
47
500350
715
650
409
354
470
520
20
16
34
24
58
300200
485
430
250
205
310
360
16
12
31
24
50
500400
715
650
464
409
525
580
20
16
34
27
60
35080
555
490
118
84
160
200
16
34
16
49
60080
840
770
118
84
160
200
20
37
16
55
350100
555
490
148
104
190
235
16
34
20
49
600100
840
770
148
104
180
220
20
37
16
55
350150
555
490
203
155
250
300
16
34
24
50
600150
840
770
205
155
240
285
20
37
20
55
350200
555
490
250
205
310
360
16
12
34
24
52
600200
840
770
250
205
295
340
20
12
37
20
56
350250
555
490
303
254
370
425
16
12
34
27
54
600250
840
770
303
254
355
400
20
12
37
24
58
40080
620
550
118
84
160
200
16
37
16
51
600300
840
770
354
309
410
455
20
12
37
24
60
XINXING PIPES

243
(47) Flexible puddle flanges (Refer to Figure 47 and Table 56)

244
DNdn
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
n1
n2
400100
620
550
148
104
190
235
16
37
20
51
400150
620
550
205
155
250
300
16
37
24
52
400200
620
550
270
205
310
360
16
12
37
24
54
400250
620
550
303
254
370
425
16
12
37
27
56
400300
620
550
354
309
430
485
16
16
37
27
60
50080
730
660
118
84
160
200
20
37
16
55
500100
730
660
148
104
190
235
20
37
20
55
500150
730
660
203
155
250
300
20
37
24
56
500200
730
660
250
205
310
360
20
12
37
24
58
500250
730
660
303
254
370
425
20
12
37
27
61
500300
730
660
354
309
430
485
20
16
37
27
64
500350
730
660
409
354
490
555
20
16
37
30
66
500400
730
660
464
409
550
620
20
16
37
33
68
60080
845
770
118
84
160
200
20
40
16
61
600100
845
770
148
104
190
235
20
40
20
61
600150
845
770
205
155
250
300
20
40
24
62
600200
845
770
250
205
310
360
20
12
40
24
64
600250
845
770
303
254
370
425
20
12
40
27
66
DN
MK
600300
845
770
354
309
430
485
20
16
40
27
70
80
110
260
100
M16
80
600350
845
770
409
354
490
555
20
16
40
30
72
100
110
306
120
M16
80
600400
845
770
464
409
550
620
20
16
40
33
74
150
130
390
172
M20
90
600450
845
770
515
455
600
670
20
20
40
33
76
200
130
430
224
M20
90
80080
1085
990
118
84
160
200
24
49
16
70
250
130
490
276
M20
90
800100
1085
990
148
104
190
235
24
49
20
70
300
130
555
329
M20
100
800150
1085
990
205
155
250
300
24
49
24
71
350
130
610
381
M20
100
800200
1085
990
250
205
310
360
24
12
49
24
73
400
150
660
432
M24
110
800250
1085
990
303
254
370
425
24
12
49
27
75
450
150
725
483
M24
110
800300
1085
990
354
309
430
485
24
12
49
27
78
500
160
790
535
M24
110
800350
1085
990
409
354
490
555
24
16
49
30
81
600
165
900
10
638
M27
120
800400
1085
990
464
409
550
620
24
16
49
33
83
700
182
970
10
742
M27
120
800450
1085
990
515
455
600
670
24
20
49
33
85
800
194
1086
10
742
M30
120
800500
1085
990
566
508
660
730
24
20
49
33
87
900
194
1188
10
949
M30
120
800600
1085
990
670
608
770
845
24
20
49
36
93
1000
208
1310
10
1053
M33
130
1200
220
1536
10
1260
M36
130
1400
240
1752
10
1468
M39
130
XINXING PIPES
Figure 47 Flexible puddle flanges
Table 56 Technical Parameters for Flexible Puddle Flanges

245
(48) Bolts for flange connection (Refer to Figure 48 and Table 57)
L
Figure 48 Bolts for flange connection
Table 57 Technical Parameters for Bolts for Flange Connection

DN
246
PN10
PN16
PN25
PN40
Quantity
ML
Quanti
ML
Quanti
ML
Quanti
ML
80
M1665
M1665
M1665
M1665
1OO
M1665
M1665
M2070
M2070
125
M1665
M1665
M2480
M2480
150
M2070
M2070
M2480
M2490
200
M2070
12
M2070
12
M2480
12
M27100
250
12
M2080
l2
M2490
12
M2790
12
M30110
300
12
M2080
12
M2490
16
M2790
16
M3O120
350
16
M2080
l6
M2490
16
M30110
16
M33130
400
l6
M2490
16
M27100
16
M33120
16
M36140
450
20
M2490
20
M27100
20
M33120
20
M36150
500
20
M2490
20
M30110
20
M33120
20
M39150
600
20
M27l00
20
M33120
20
M36140
20
M45170
700
24
M27100
24
M33120
24
M39l40
800
24
M30110
24
M36140
24
M45160
900
28
M30120
28
M36140
28
M45170
1000
28
M33130
28
M39150
28
M52180
1100
32
M33130
32
M39160
32
M52180
1200
32
M36140
32
M45170
32
M52200
l400
36
M39150
36
M45180
36
M56220
1500
36
M39150
36
M52190
36
M56230
1600
40
M45160
40
M52190
40
M56230
1800
44
M45160
44
M52200
44
M64260
2000
48
M45l70
48
M56220
48
M64270
XINXING PIPES
247
Chapter VII
Valves for
Water Supply
and Drainage
Pipeline
248
XINXING PIPES
249
Chapter VII
Valves for
Water Supply
and Drainage
Pipeline
250
XINXING PIPES
7.1 Brief introduction to valves 252

7.1.1 Rubber sealed gate valve
7.1.2 Butterfly valve (long body)
7.1.3 Butterfly valve (short body)
7.1.4 Butterfly valve internally sealed with rubber
7.1.5 Eccentric ball valve
7.1.6 Rubber flap check valve
7.2 Before purchasing 272
251
In the water supply and drainage piping system, the valve is control element, its main function is to isolate
Standard.
the equipment from the piping system, regulate the flow, prevent the backflow, adjust the pressure, etc.
To BS 5150/BS 5163 btype A
Therefore, whether these functions of valves can be normally realized will influence the normal and safe
Face to face dimension to BS 5163
water supply of pipeline. When the pipeline is in normal state of water supply, the valve shall be open, so
Flanges and drilling to ISO 7005-2(EN 1003-2),DIN 2501
as to reduce the water head losses; Once the pipeline need to cut off the water flow, the valve should be
Structure and Technical Parameter
turned off rapidly, to realize sound flow-cut. Therefore, valve quality will play a key role in normal operation
of pipeline.
Besides ductile cast iron pipes, fittings and relevant technical services, Xinxing would also provides the
customers with the products required for water supply and drainage piping engineering, such as valves.
Should there be any requirements, please contact with our sales staff.
7.1 Brief Introduction to valves

The valves most commonly-used include gate valve, butterfly valve, ball valve, check valve etc. With the
ongoing research and development, product materials and specifications are always under change, which
might not be companied with further notice. The following dimensions and technical parameters of valves
are for reference only; specific parameters are subject to the actual contract.
7.1.1 Rubber sealed gate valve
Component List
Sr-no.
Part name
Material
Body
Ductile iron
Wedge
Ductile iron+EPDM or NBR
Stem
Stainless steel +Al-Bronze
Bonnet
Ductile iron
Bearing
Environmenral protection steel base
Gland
Ductile oiron
Product technical parameters

PN
0.6
1.0
1.6
2.0
2.5
4.0
DN
50-500
50-500
50-500
50-350
50-300
50-300
Seal test
0.66
1.10
1.76
2.20
2.75
4.40
Seal test
0.90
1.50
2.40
3.00
3.75
6.00
Suotable temperature:-10~80oC
Suotable medium:water, oil, air and weak corrosive fluid etc.
Operation type:Square head or handwreel,wormgear,pneumatic,electric
252
XINXING PIPES
253
Form and dimensions
dimensions in millimetres
DN
PN
D1
D2
D3
0.6
320
280
n-d
254
22
8-19
340
295
266
20
345
298.5
270
28.5
8-22
2.5
360
310
274
22
12-28
375
320
284
30
12-31
0.6
375
335
309
24
12-19
395
350
319
22
12-23
355
319
22
12-28
362
324
30
12-26
24.5
12-31
34.5
12-34
1
200
250
dimensions in millimetres
DN
PN
D1
D2
D3
0.6
140
110
165
125
1
50
1.6
2
2.5
4
0.6
1
80
1.6
2
2.5
4
0.6
1
100
1.6
2
2.5
4
0.6
1
150
1.6
2
2.5
4
254
XINXING PIPES
155
12.5
n-d
88
16
4-14
99
19
4-19
178
92
165
125
99
190
150
200
16
4-18
19
4-19
124
18
4-19
160
132
19
8-19
190
152.5
127
19
4-19
200
160
132
19
8-19
210
170
144
18
4-19
220
180
156
19
8-19
216
203
283
229
4230
190.5
157
24
8-18
235
190
156
19
8-23
265
225
199
20
8-19
285
240
211
19
8-23
280
241.5
216
25.5
8-22
300
250
211
305
267
267
20
403
26
H1
82
H2
210
300
1.6
1.6
2
105
260
400
115
305
450
500
292
419
330
12-23
425
370
330
450
385
345
0.6
440
395
363
24
12-23
445
400
370
24.5
12-23
1.6
460
410
370
24.5
12-28
432
381
32
12-26
430
389
27.5
18-01
39.5
16-34
26
12-23
24.5
16-23
26.5
16-28
485
457
356
502
515
450
409
0.6
490
445
413
505
460
429
1.6
520
470
429
535
476
413
35
12-29.5
0.0
540
495
403
26
16-23
565
515
480
24.5
16-28
1.6
580
525
480
28
16-31
0.0
595
550
518
26
16-23
615
565
530
25.5
20-28
1.6
640
585
548
30
20-31
0.6
645
600
568
30
20-23
670
620
582
26.5
20-28
1.6
715
650
609
31.5
20-34
381
406
432
457
H1
H2
175
485
200
575
230
650
260
750
290
845
315
930
345
100
8-23
2.5
2.5
350
405
A. The dimension with in the form is only for your reference.

148
390
B. The detailed dimen sion will be based on the actual Product.

C. If there is any request for larger sizes,please contact us indetail.
8-28
255
7.1.2 Butterfly valve (long body)
Component list
Sr.no
Parts name
Material
Upper shaft
SS420
Shaft bearing
Al-bronze
Body
Ductile iron
Seat ring
EPDM/NBR/VITON
Disc
Ductile iron
Retainer ring
SS304
Body seal ring
SS304
Lower shaft
SS420
(Cther materials are available on request)

Size:DN100-DN2600
Standard.
Pressure:PN6-PN40
Double flanged type
Coating:fusion bonded epoxy coating min.thickness250micron

Suitable medium:water and low-corrosive liquid etc.
Face to face length acc.to ISO 5752 series 14(DIN 3202 F4)
Suitable temperature:-10-120
Flange dimensions and drilling acc. to ISO 7005-2(EN 1092-2,DIN 2501)

Structure and technical parameter
Form and dimensions

Dimensions/PN10
256
DN
150
210
170
200
40
22
70
200
230
197
233
45
30
250
250
223
261
60
30
300
270
251
295
70
350
290
294
330
400
310
329
450
330
500
top works
bot hole dia
holes nes
ISO 5211
90
F07
102
125
12
F10
102
125
12
F10
40
12
125
150
14
F12
80
40
12
125
150
14
F12
386
90
50
14
140
175
18
F14
365
411
100
50
14
140
175
18
F14
350
394
445
90
65
18
165
210
22
F16
Sr.no
Component
Sr.no
Component
600
390
454
519
120
65
18
165
210
22
F16
Top flange
Retainer ring
700
430
537
585
100
85
22
254
300
18
F25
Upper shaft
Disc
800
470
593
641
120
85
22
254
300
18
F25
O ring
10
Shaft bearing
900
510
657
706
125
90
25
254
300
18
F25
Shaft bearing
11
O ring
1000
550
722
771
125
100
28
254
300
18
F25
O ring
12
Shaft cover
120
630
845
893
155
120
32
298
350
22
F30
Body
13
Body seal ring
1400
710
967
1019
155
120
32
356
415
33
F35
Seat
14
Key
1600
790
1113
1111
198
150
36
406
475
39
F40
1800
870
1251
1244
333
128
32
406
475
39
12
F48
2000
950
1340
1330
400
170
40
483
560
39
12
F48
2200
1000
1420
1450
400
200
45
483
560
39
12
F48
XINXING PIPES
257
Dimensions/PN16
DN
150
210
167
200
40
22
70
200
230
197
233
55
30
250
250
224
282
60
40
300
270
267
313
80
350
290
303
357
400
310
339
450
330
500
top works
DN
bot hole dia
holes nes
ISO 5211
90
F07
150
210
186
225
60
40
12
136
102
125
12
F10
200
230
235
260
55
40
12
12
125
150
14
F12
250
250
260
307
70
50
40
12
125
150
14
F12
300
270
285
340
95
90
50
14
140
175
18
F14
350
290
320
382
396
110
50
14
140
175
18
F14
400
310
402
379
443
100
65
18
165
210
22
F16
450
330
350
404
469
120
65
18
165
210
22
F16
500
600
390
486
545
120
85
22
254
300
18
F25
700
430
537
590
120
85
22
254
300
18
F25
800
470
606
655
140
90
25
254
300
18
F25
900
510
699
711
150
100
28
298
350
22
F30
1000
550
776
791
170
110
28
298
350
22
1200
630
874
921
240
128
32
356
415
33
1400
710
1034
1038
290
170
40
406
475
1600
790
1175
1118
400
170
40
483
1800
820
1320
1335
400
170
40
2000
950
1460
1475
400
200
2200
1000
1650
1665
400
200
ISO 5211
160
14
F10
125
150
14
F12
14
140
175
18
F14
50
14
140
175
18
F14
90
65
18
165
210
22
F16
435
140
65
18
210
260
22
F25
390
470
105
85
22
254
300
18
F25
350
476
496
170
95
25
298
350
22
F30
600
390
517
599
155
100
28
298
350
22
F30
700
430
661
615
244
128
32
406
475
39
F40
800
470
710
780
250
128
32
406
475
39
F40
900
510
760
880
280
128
32
406
475
39
F40
F30
1000
550
820
920
280
185
45
483
560
39
12
F48
F35
1200
630
1077
1174
303
185
45
483
560
39
12
F48
39
F40
1400
710
1100
1220
480
200
45
603
686
39
20
F60
560
39
12
F48
483
560
39
12
F48
45
483
560
39
12
F48
45
483
560
39
12
F48
150
210
188
219
50
30
102
200
230
221
245
80
40
12
250
250
265
280
80
40
300
270
298
312
110
350
290
318
365
400
310
369
450
330
500
7.1.3 Butterfly valve (short body)
top works
bot hole dia
holes nes
ISO 5211
125
12
F10
140
175
18
F14
12
140
175
18
F14
50
14
165
210
18
F16
120
55
16
165
210
18
F16
416
120
65
18
165
210
88
F16
375
458
120
65
18
165
210
22
F16
350
420
484
150
85
22
254
300
18
F25
600
390
499
555
170
85
22
254
300
18
F25
Standard.
700
430
601
615
230
100
28
298
350
18
F30
800
470
668
697
230
100
28
356
415
33
F35
Double flanged type
900
510
730
750
200
125
32
356
415
33
F35
1000
550
819
828
321
140
36
406
475
39
F40
1200
630
995
1004
260
170
40
483
560
39
12
F48
1400
710
1150
1124
279
170
40
483
560
39
12
F4
XINXING PIPES
top works
holes nes
DN
bot hole dia
Dimensions/PN25
258
Dimensions/PN40
Face to face length acc.to ISO 5752 series 13(EN 558-1 series 13)
259
Form and dimensions
Dimensions/PN10
Component List
Sr.no
Parts name
Material
Upper shaft
SS420
Shaft bearing
Al-bronze
Body
Ductile iron
Seat ring
EPDM/NBR/VITON
Disc
Ductile iron
Retainer ring
SS304
Lower Shaft
SS420
DN
150
140
156
232
40
22
70
200
152
190
280
45
30
250
165
210
308
60
30
300
178
240
355
70
350
190
274
390
400
216
308
450
222
500
top works
bolt hole dia.
holes nos
ISO 5211
100
F07
102
125
12
F10
102
125
12
F10
40
12
125
150
14
F12
80
40
12
125
150
14
F12
446
90
50
14
140
175
18
F14
333
476
100
50
14
140
175
18
F14
229
358
506
90
65
18
165
210
22
F16
600
267
424
586
120
65
18
170
210
22
F16
700
292
480
646
100
85
22
254
300
18
F25
800
318
544
730
12
85
22
254
300
18
F25
900
330
594
790
125
90
25
254
300
18
F25
1000
410
654
880
125
100
28
254
300
18
F25
1200
470
786
1000
155
120
32
298
350
22
F30
1400
530
916
1160
155
128
32
356
415
33
F35
1600
600
1040
1291
198
150
36
406
475
39
F40
1800
670
1160
1450
333
128
32
483
560
39
12
F48
2000
760
1312
1604
400
170
40
483
560
39
12
F48
2200
800
1388
1730
400
200
45
483
560
39
12
F48
2400
900
1620
1924
480
200
45
603
686
39
200
F60
If there is any request for larger sizes,please contact us in detail.
(Other materials are available on request)

Size:DN100-DN2600
Pressure:PN6-PN40
Coating:fusion bonded epoxy coating min.thickness250micron
260
XINXING PIPES
261
Dimensions/PN16
DN
150
140
156
232
40
22
70
200
152
190
280
55
30
250
165
220
330
60
40
300
178
248
360
80
350
190
280
420
400
216
312
450
222
500
7.1.4 Butterfly valve internally sealed with rubber
top works
bolt hole dia.
holes nos
ISO 5211
100
F07
102
125
12
F10
12
125
150
14
F12
40
12
125
150
14
F12
90
50
14
140
175
18
F14
454
110
50
14
140
175
18
F14
345
510
100
65
18
165
210
22
F16
229
384
550
120
65
18
165
210
22
F16
600
267
450
620
120
85
22
254
300
18
F25
700
292
494
685
130
85
22
254
300
18
F25
800
318
564
750
140
90
25
254
300
18
F25
900
330
617
846
165
100
28
298
350
22
F30
1000
410
715
915
165
125
32
356
415
33
F35
1200
470
841
1086
240
125
32
356
415
33
F35
1400
530
973
1240
235
160
40
406
475
39
F40
1600
600
1170
1404
400
170
40
483
560
39
12
F48
1800
670
1320
1590
400
170
40
483
560
39
12
F48
2000
760
1460
1730
400
200
45
483
560
39
12
F48
Standard.
Double flanged type
Face to face length acc.to ISO 5752 series 13(EN 558-1 series 13)
262
XINXING PIPES
Sr.no
Component
Sr.no
Component
Upper shaft
Disc
Top flange
Body
Packing gland
10
Shaft bearing
Shaft bearing
11
O ring
O ring
12
Lower shaft
Seat
13
Key
Retainer ring
263
Component List
Dimensions/PN16
Sr.no
Parts name
Material
Upper shaft
SS420
Shaft bearing
DN
Al-bronze
150
210
167
200
40
22
70
Body
Dl+rubber
200
230
197
233
55
30
Seat ring
EPDM/NBR/VITON
250
250
224
282
60
40
Disc
Dl+rubber
300
270
267
313
80
Retainer ring
SS 316/duplex st.st.
350
290
303
357
Lower Shaft
SS420
400
310
339
450
330
Size:DN100-DN2600
500
Pressure:PN6-PN40
Coating:epoxy painting min.thickness200micron
(Other materials are available on request)

Form and dimensions

Dimensions/PN10
DN
150
210
170
200
40
22
70
200
230
197
233
45
30
250
250
223
261
60
30
300
270
251
295
70
350
290
294
330
400
310
329
450
330
500
top works
bolt hole dia.
holes nos
ISO 5211
90
F07
102
125
12
F10
102
125
12
F10
40
12
125
150
14
F12
80
40
12
125
150
14
F12
386
90
50
14
140
175
18
F14
365
411
100
50
14
140
175
18
F14
350
394
445
90
65
18
165
210
22
F16
600
390
454
519
120
65
18
165
210
22
F16
700
430
537
585
100
85
22
254
300
18
F25
800
470
593
641
120
85
22
254
300
18
F25
900
510
657
706
125
90
25
254
300
18
F25
1000
550
722
771
125
100
28
254
300
18
F25
1200
630
845
893
155
120
32
298
350
22
F30
1400
710
967
1019
155
120
32
356
415
33
F35
1600
790
1113
1111
198
150
36
406
475
39
F40
1800
870
1251
1244
333
128
32
406
475
39
12
F48
2000
950
1340
1330
400
170
40
483
560
39
12
F48
2200
1000
1420
1450
400
200
45
483
560
39
12
F48
top works
bolt hole dia.
holes nos
ISO 5211
90
F07
102
125
12
F10
12
125
150
14
F12
40
12
125
150
14
F12
90
50
14
140
175
18
F14
396
110
50
14
140
175
18
F14
379
443
100
65
18
165
210
22
F16
350
404
469
120
65
18
165
210
22
F16
600
390
486
545
120
85
22
254
300
18
F25
700
430
537
590
120
85
22
254
300
18
F25
800
470
606
655
140
90
25
254
300
18
F25
900
510
699
711
150
100
28
298
350
22
F30
1000
550
776
791
170
110
28
298
350
22
F30
1200
630
874
921
240
128
32
356
415
33
F35
1400
710
1034
1038
290
170
40
406
475
39
F40
1600
790
1175
1188
400
170
40
483
560
39
12
F48
1800
820
1320
1335
400
170
40
483
560
39
12
F48
2000
950
1460
1475
400
200
45
483
560
39
12
F48
2200
1000
1650
1665
400
200
45
483
560
39
12
F48
7.1.5 Eccentric ball valve
264
XINXING PIPES
265
Standard.
Component List
Double flanged type

Face to face length acc.to ISO 5752/EN 558-1 series 3( DN300,enterprise standard)
Sr.no
Parts name
Material
Upper shaft
SS420
Packing
Flexible graphite/O ring
Shaft bearing
Al-bronze
Body
Ductile iron or WCB
Seat
Hard alloy
Disc
WCB
Lower Shaft
SS420
Flange dimensions and drilling acc. to ISO 7005-2/EN 1092-2/ DIN 2501)
Other materials are available on request)

Coating:epoxy painting min.thickness200micron
Suitable medium:water,waste water,oil,grained slurry,and weak-corrosive liquid
etc.
Form and dimensions

Dimensions/PN10
Sr.no
Component
Sr.no
Component
Key
Disc
Upper shaft
Body
Top flange
10
Retainer ring
Packing gland
11
Seat
Packing
12
Shaft bearing
Gasket
13
LOWER SHAFT
Shaft bearing
14
Shaft cover
DN
100
229
130
225
70
30
102
125
254
148
245
75
30
150
267
173
276
95
40
200
292
195
320
98.5
250
330
225
362
300
356
260
350
440
400
top works
bolt hole dia.
holes nos
ISO 5211
125
11
F10
102
125
11
F10
12
125
150
14
F12
40
12
125
150
14
F12
121
50
14
140
175
18
F14
400
123
50
14
140
175
18
F14
300
455
130
65
18
165
210
23
F16
500
332
490
130
65
18
165
210
23
F16
450
560
360
540
130
65
18
165
210
23
F16
500
620
400
610
180
80
22
254
300
18
F25
600
800
519
582
178
80
22
254
300
18
F25
700
850
579
632
180
80
22
298
350
23
F30
800
900
640
675
215
100
28
298
350
23
F30
900
1050
704
770
215
100
28
356
415
33
F35
1000
1200
818
895
310
128
32
356
415
33
F35
1200
1500
978
1055
310
128
32
406
475
39
F40
1400
1650
1147
1200
410
170
40
483
560
39
12
F48
1600
1850
1300
1380
460
210
50
603
686
39
20
F60
266
XINXING PIPES
267
Dimensions/PN16
DN
100
229
130
225
70
30
102
125
254
148
245
75
30
150
267
173
276
95
40
200
292
195
320
98.5
250
330
225
362
300
356
260
350
440
400
top works
DN
bolt hole dia.
holes nos
ISO 5211
125
11
F10
100
229
130
225
70
30
102
102
125
11
F10
125
254
148
245
75
30
12
125
150
14
F12
150
267
173
276
95
40
40
12
125
150
14
F12
200
292
195
320
98.5
121
50
14
140
175
18
F14
250
330
225
362
400
123
50
14
140
175
18
F14
300
356
260
300
455
130
65
18
165
210
23
F16
350
440
500
332
490
130
65
18
165
210
23
F16
400
450
560
360
540
130
65
18
254
300
18
F25
500
620
400
610
180
80
22
254
300
18
F25
600
800
519
582
214
100
28
298
350
23
F30
700
850
579
786
210
100
28
356
415
33
800
900
790
880
310
128
32
356
415
33
900
1050
805
895
310
128
32
356
415
1000
1200
975
1050
310
128
32
406
1200
1500
1125
1185
410
170
40
1400
1650
1140
1200
410
170
1600
1850
1290
1370
460
210
XINXING PIPES
top works
bolt hole dia.
holes nos
ISO 5211
125
11
F10
102
125
11
F10
12
125
150
14
F12
40
12
125
150
14
F12
121
50
14
165
210
23
F16
400
123
50
14
165
210
23
F16
300
455
130
65
18
254
300
18
F25
500
332
490
130
65
18
254
300
18
F25
450
560
365
563
179
80
22
298
350
23
F30
500
620
422
454
175
80
22
298
350
23
F30
600
800
519
582
214
100
28
298
350
23
F30
F35
700
850
579
786
210
100
28
356
415
33
F35
F35
800
900
790
880
310
128
32
356
415
33
F35
33
F35
900
1050
960
1030
310
128
32
406
475
39
F40
475
39
F40
1000
1200
1120
1175
410
170
40
406
475
39
F40
406
475
39
F40
1200
1500
1140
1200
410
170
40
483
560
39
12
F48
40
483
560
39
12
F48
50
603
686
39
20
F60
268
Dimensions/PN25
Dimensions/PN40
DN
100
229
130
225
70
30
102
125
254
148
245
75
30
150
267
173
276
95
40
200
292
195
320
98.5
250
330
225
362
300
356
260
350
440
400
top works
bolt hole dia.
holes nos
ISO 5211
125
11
F10
102
125
11
F10
12
125
150
14
F12
40
12
125
150
14
F12
121
50
14
165
210
23
F16
400
123
50
14
165
210
23
F16
300
455
130
65
18
254
300
18
F25
500
350
545
180
80
22
298
350
23
F30
450
560
365
563
180
80
22
298
350
23
F30
500
620
460
520
210
100
28
298
350
23
F30
600
800
565
770
210
100
28
356
415
33
F35
700
850
780
865
310
128
32
356
415
33
F35
800
900
945
1015
310
128
32
406
475
39
F40
900
1050
1100
1155
410
170
40
406
475
39
F40
1000
1200
1140
1200
410
170
40
483
560
39
12
F48
1200
1500
1290
1370
460
210
50
603
686
39
20
F60
269
7.1.6 Rubber flap check valve

Check valve is mainly used for exit of pipeline pump for water supply and drainage system, petroleum,
chemical industry and other industrial fields, aiming to prevent the backflow of transmitted medium.
Since the product sealing adopts inclined design, closing time is shorter, can reduce the pressure of water
hammer. Valve clack is made through high-temperature pressing of butyronitrile oil resistant rubber and
steel plate; washing-out resistance, good sealing performance, simple product structure; maintenance,
repair and transportation are convenient.
Form and dimensions

size(mm)
DN
H
D
PN10
D1
PN16
PN10
D2
PN16
PN10
b
PN16
PN10
PN16
Z-d
PN10
PN16
Standard
50
203
190
165
125
99
19
4-19
Design and manufacturing: GB/T 13932
65
216
210
185
145
118
19
4-19
Flange Dimension: EN 1092-2
80
241
230
200
160
132
19
8-9
Structural length: EN 558-1
100
292
250
220
180
156
19
8-19
Testing and inspection: EN 12226
125
330
280
250
210
184
19
8-19
150
356
315
285
240
211
19
8-23
200
495
370
340
295
266
20
8-23
12-23
250
622
430
395
405
350
355
319
22
12-23
12-28
24.5
12-23
12-28
Product structure and technical parameters
270
Valve Body Valve Cap
Ductile Cast Iron
300
698
475
445
460
400
410
370
Valve Clack
Rubber Assembly
350
787
550
505
520
460
470
429
24.5
26.5
16-23
16-28
400
914
600
565
580
515
525
480
24.5
28
16-28
16-31
450
978
615
640
565
585
530
548
25.5
30
20-28
20-31
500
978
670
715
620
650
582
609
26.5
31.5
20-28
20-34
Nominal Pressure (MPa)
1.0
1.6
600
1295
780
840
725
770
682
720
30
36
20-31
20-37
Shell test Pressure (MPa)
1.5
2.4
800
1956
1015
1025
950
950
901
901
35
43
24-34
24-40
Sealing Test Pressure (MPa)
1.1
1.76
Working Temperature ( )
80
Working Medium
Water, Oil Product, and etc.
XINXING PIPES
271
7.2 Before purchasing

Selected valve type: Select the type according to use requirements (select the butterfly valve for
regulation, select the ball valve or gate valve for the switch);
Select the valve pressure grade; Select the valve pressure grade according to pipeline design
pressure. (PN10 PN16 PN25 PN40);
Select the valve diameter;
Select the temperature range Operating temperature of medium determines the valve sealing type;
selecting good temperature grade can postpone the service life of valve;
Select the valve material: Select according to medium condition, whether determine the valve material
according to corrosivity;
Select the valve sealing type: Rubber sealing, fluorine rubber sealing, graphite sealing, hard alloy
TAKE XINXING,
TAKE THE WORLD
sealing, and etc. (with different sealing types, service life of valve is different; sealing type also determines
the valve leakage);
272
XINXING PIPES
273
274
XINXING PIPES

Xinxing Technical Manual

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Xinxing Technical Manual

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

XINXING

XINXING DUCTILE IRON PIPES CO.,LTD.

The brochure is printed on

Product Technical Manual

WORLD'S LARGEST DUCTILE IRON PIPE MANUFACTUER

Chapter I Ductile Iron Pipe Joint

Xinxing Ductile Iron Pipes Technical Manual

Xinxing Ductile Iron Pipes Technical Manual

America, Africa, Europe, Southeast Asia, etc.

countries and regions.

Xinxing Ductile Iron Pipes Technical Manual

Xinxing Ductile Iron Pipes Technical Manual

Xinxing Ductile Iron Pipes Technical Manual

Xinxing Ductile Iron Pipes Technical Manual

1.1 Ductile iron pipe wall thickness 7

1.3.1 Joint description

Xinxing Ductile Iron Pipes Technical Manual

Xinxing Ductile Iron Pipes Technical Manual

1.1 Ductile iron pipe wall thickness

throughout the world.

Standards are as following:

ISO 2531/ISO 7186

GB/T 13295, GB/T 26081

For details, see the table below:

Table 1 Xinxing Ductile Iron Pipes Joint and Anti-corrosion Solutions

Cement mortar lining

Zinc + high chlorinated

Cement mortar lining +

epoxy seal coat

Welded flange joint

Ceramic epoxy linning

XTJ jacking pipe

Graded by wall thickness class coefficient K

enom= K(0.5+ 0.001DN)

Pipes non-centrifugally cast and fittings

Graded by pressure class C

Xinxing Ductile Iron Pipes Technical Manual

Xinxing Ductile Iron Pipes Technical Manual

1.2 T-type joint ductile iron pipe

1.2.1 Joint description

Where: emin Minimum wall thickness of pip (mm)

Spigot Socket Rubber gasket

PFAAllowable operating pressure (bar)

Figure 1 T-type joint structure

shall not be less than 3mm; for pipes non-centrifugally cast,

the tolerance on thickness for pipes is shown in table 3.

Specification range for preferred pressure class of C-class

pipes are shown in Table 4.

Table 3 Tolerance on Wall Thickness For

Pipes centrifugally cast

Pipes non-centrifugally cast and

Table 4 Specification Range for Preferred Pressure Class

Preferred pressure class

T-type Joint is unable to prevent pipe slippage, therefore the concrete

certain length of self-anchored joint ductile iron pipe should be laid.

Figure 2 Joint deflection

Pressure/non-pressure water supply (potable water, sewage, etc.) pipeline;

Xinxing Ductile Iron Pipes Technical Manual

Xinxing Ductile Iron Pipes Technical Manual

1.2.2 Technical parameters

1.3 XT2-type joint ductile iron

1.3.1 Joint description

Spigot Socket Rubber gasket