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______________
Ch. 11 The Cardiovascular System
Study Guide
SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
Figure 11.1
2)
_____________
The specific chamber of the heart that is indicated by letter A is called the __________.
3)
_____________
4)
_____________
5)
_____________
The partition where the bundle branches are located is called the __________.
6)
_____________
7)
_____________
The partition in the superior midline that divides the heart longitudinally is the __________.
8)
_____________
The pointed tip of the heart that is directed toward the left hip is called the __________.
9)
_____________
10)
_____________
1
The tiny white cords that anchor the cusps or flaps of endocardium to the walls of the ventricles are called the __________.
11)
_____________
1
A decrease in the elasticity of blood vessels (i.e., increase in rigidity) causes arterial blood pressure to __________.
12)
_____________
1
__________ are abnormal heart sounds that are fairly common in young children with healthy hearts because their heart
walls are relatively thin and vibrate with rushing blood.
13)
_____________
1
The electrocardiogram (ECG) wave that results from depolarization of the ventricles is the __________.
14)
_____________
15)
The vessel that drains blood from all body regions below the diaphragm muscle before emptying into the right atrium is
the __________.
15)
_____________
The __________ veins join to form the superior vena cava before emptying into the right atrium.
16)
_____________
1
The critical factor controlling stroke volume, according to __________, is the degree to which cardiac muscle cells are
stretched immediately before they contract.
17)
_____________
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1
The thick layer of the heart wall that contains contractile cardiac muscle tissue is the:
18)
______
A)
VISCERAL PERICARDIUM
B)
ENDOCARDIUM
C)
EPICARDIUM
D)
PARIETAL PERICARDIUM
E)
MYOCARDIUM
19)
______
A)
located posteriorly and are the discharging chambers of the heart
B)
located superiorly and are the discharging chambers of the heart
C)
located superiorly and are the receiving chambers of the heart
D)
located inferiorly and are the receiving chambers of the heart
E)
located inferiorly and are the discharging chambers of the heart
Which one of the following areas receives blood directly from the four pulmonary veins:
20)
______
lungs
right ventricle
left ventricle
right atrium
left atrium
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Which one of the following blood vessels is NOT part of the systemic circulation:
21)
______
A)
coronary arteries
B)
carotid arteries
C)
inferior vena cava
D)
aorta
E)
pulmonary arteries
When the ventricles contract, the bicuspid (mitral) valve prevents blood from flowing from the:
22)
______
A)
left ventricle to the left atrium
B)
left ventricle to the right ventricle
C)
right ventricle to the right atrium
D)
left atrium to the right atrium
E)
right atrium to the left atrium
23)
______
A)
right atrium and left atrium
B)
right atrium and right ventricle
C)
left ventricle and pulmonary artery
D)
right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk
E)
left ventricle and aorta
A)
deoxygenated blood into the right atrium
B)
deoxygenated blood into the left atrium
C)
25)
______
A)
coronary sinus
B)
superior vena cava
C)
pulmonary vein
D)
inferior vena cava
E)
pulmonary artery
26)
______
A)
two cusps and opens when the left ventricle contracts
B)
two cusps and closes when blood is filling the pulmonary circuit
C)
two cusps and opens when the right atrium contracts
D)
three cusps and opens when the left ventricle contracts
E)
three cusps and opens when the right atrium contracts
The crescent-shaped pacemaker of the heart that initiates depolarization under normal conditions is the:
27)
______
vagus nerve
A)
B)
atrioventricular (AV) node
C)
atrioventricular (AV) bundle
D)
sinoatrial (SA) node
E)
medulla oblongata
2
Which one of the following represents the correct path for the transmission of an impulse in the intrinsic conduction
system of the heart:
28)
______
A)
sinoatrial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV) bundle, atrioventricular (AV) node, right and left bundle branches, Purkinje
fibers
B)
atrioventricular (AV) node, sinoatrial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV) bundle, right and left bundle branches, Purkinje
fibers
C)
sinoatrial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV) bundle, atrioventricular (AV) node, Purkinje fibers, right and left bundle
branches
D)
atrioventricular (AV) node, atrioventricular (AV) bundle, sinoatrial (SA) node, Purkinje fibers, right and left bundle
branches
E)
sinoatrial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV) node, atrioventricular (AV) bundle, right and left bundle branches, Purkinje
fibers
A heart rate that is substantially slower than normal (less than 60 beats per minute) is called:
29)
______
A)
myocardial infarction
B)
bradycardia
C)
fibrillation
D)
tachycardia
E)
angina pectoris
Which one of the following vessels receives blood during right ventricular systole:
30)
______
A)
pumonary trunk
B)
aorta
C)
superior vena cava
D)
coronary arteries
E)
pulmonary veins
Which one of the following is true concerning the lub-dup sounds of the heart:
31)
______
A)
the first sound is shorter and sharper and is caused by closure of the tricuspid valve; the second sound is longer and
louder and is caused by closure of the mitral valve
B)
the first sound is shorter and sharper and is caused by closure of the semilunar valves; the second sound is longer and
louder and is caused by closure of the AV valves
C)
the first sound is longer and louder and is caused by closure of the AV valves; the second sound is shorter and sharper
and is caused by closure of the semilunar valves
D)
the first sound is longer and louder and is caused by closure of the tricuspid valve; the second sound is shorter and
sharper and is caused by closure of the mitral valve
E)
they are caused by contraction of the ventricles, followed by contraction of the atria
The volume of blood pumped out by each ventricle with each beat of the heart is called the:
32)
______
heart rate
stroke volume
cardiac cycle
A)
B)
C)
D)
cardiac output
E)
diastolic pressure
The path of blood flow within the systemic vascular system is:
33)
______
A)
arteries, arterioles, capillary beds, veins, venules
B)
arterioles, arteries, capillary beds, venules, veins
C)
arterioles, arteries, capillary beds, veins, venules
D)
arterioles, arteries, venules, veins, capillary beds
E)
arteries, arterioles, capillary beds, venules, veins
A)
an increase in both heart rate and cardiac output
B)
a decrease in both heart rate and cardiac output
C)
a decrease in heart rate and an increase in cardiac output
D)
an increase in heart rate and a decrease in cardiac output
E)
no change in both heart rate and cardiac output
Which one is the correct sequence going from the outermost to the innermost layer of a blood vessel wall:
35)
______
A)
tunica externa, tunica media, tunica intima
B)
tunica externa, tunica intima, tunica media
C)
tunica media, tunica externa, tunica intima
D)
tunica media, tunica intima, tunica externa
E)
tunica intima, tunica media, tunica externa
Which of the following blood vessels is a direct branch of the ascending aorta:
36)
______
A)
left coronary artery
B)
right subclavian artery
C)
both the right and left coronary arteries
D)
carotid artery
E)
right coronary artery
37)
______
abdomen
A)
B)
armpit
C)
groin
D)
neck
E)
leg
38)
______
A)
metabolic wastes and carbon dioxide from the fetus to the placenta
B)
oxygen and nutrients from the placenta to the fetus
C)
oxygen and nutrients from the fetus to the placenta
D)
blood from the navel into the inferior vena cava
E)
metabolic wastes and carbon dioxide from the placenta to the fetus
In which one of the following blood vessels is blood pressure the highest:
39)
______
capillaries
A)
B)
arterioles
C)
veins
D)
vena cava
E)
arteries
Substances tend to leave the bloodstream at the arterial end of the capillary because:
40)
______
A)
blood pressure is higher at the venular end of the capillary
B)
the osmotic pressure of the blood is higher at the arterial end of the capillary
C)
interstitial pressure is higher at the arterial end of the capillary
D)
the osmotic pressure of the blood is higher at the venular end of the capillary
E)
blood pressure is higher at the arterial end of the capillary
41)
______
A)
incompetent venous valves
B)
orthostatic hypotension
C)
the accumulation of fatty substances within blood vessels
D)
a loss of elasticity in blood vessels
E)
excessive production of the enzyme renin
MATCHING. Choose the item in column 2 that best matches each item in column 1.
Match the following:
Heart chamber with the thickest wall
A)
right atrium
42)
______
B)
right ventricle
43)
______
4
C)
left ventricle
44)
______
45)
______
47)
Part of the cardiac cycle when the coronary system is emptying of blood
A)
ventricular systole
47)
______
4
B)
ventricular diastole
48)
______
Part of the cardiac cycle when both of the semilunar valves are closed
49)
______
A)
decrease
50)
______
5
B)
increase
51)
______
An increase in the deposition of saturated fats in the lining of blood vessels causes arterial blood pressure to
52)
______
53)
______
54)
______
ESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper.
55)
Trace the path of a drop of blood, starting at the right atrium and returning to the right atrium, through the pulmonary
and systemic circuits of the cardiovascular system. Identify the 14 locations given on the cards made in class.
56)
Be able to label the heart using question #3 from your Ch. 11 worksheet.
57)
Be able to label the parts of an ECG as indicated by question #8 on your Ch. 11 worksheet.
58)
Be able to match the terms as given in question #7 on your Ch. 11 worksheet.