2.classical Mechanics - GATE 2010 - 2013

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Institute for NET/JRF, GATE, IIT-JAM, JEST, TIFR and GRE in PHYSICAL SCIENCES
CLASSICAL MECHANICS SOLUTIONS

GATE- 2010
Q1. For the set of all Lorentz transformations with velocities along the x-axis consider
the two statements given below:
P: If L is a Lorentz transformation then, L-1 is also a Lorentz transformation.
Q: If L1 and L2 are Lorentz transformations then, L1L2 is necessarily a Lorentz
transformation.
Choose the correct option
(A) P is true and Q is false
(B) Both P and Q are true
(C) Both P and Q are false
(D) P is false and Q is true
Ans: (b)
Q2. A particle is placed in a region with the potential V x
1 2 3
kx x , where k, > 0.
2
3
Then,
(A) x = 0 and x
are points of stable equilibrium
(B) x = 0 is a point of stable equilibrium and x

(C) x = 0 and x
is a point of unstable equilibrium
are points of unstable equilibrium
(D) There are no points of stable or unstable equilibrium

Ans: (b)
V
k
1 2 x 3
kx x 2 0 x 0, x .
V kx
x
2
3
2V
k 2x
x 2
At x 0,
2V
k 2V
ve
At
x
,
ve (unstable)
(Stable)
and
x 2
x 2
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Q3. A 0 meson at rest decays into two photons, which move along the x-axis. They are
both detected simultaneously after a time, t = 10s. In an inertial frame moving with a
velocity V = 0.6c in the direction of one of the photons, the time interval between the two
detections is
(A) 15 s
(B) 0 s
(C) 10 s
(D) 20 s
Ans: (a)
t1 t 0
v
v
1
1
0.6
c 10
c 10 1 0.6 10 1 5sec
10 2 20sec , t 2 t 0
v
v
1 0.6
1 0.6
2
1
1
c
c
t1 t 2 15sec
Statement for Linked Answer Questions 4 and 5:
The Lagrangian for a simple pendulum is given by L
1 2 2
ml mgl1 cos
2
Q4. Hamiltons equations are then given by

p
(A) p mgl sin ; 2
ml
p
(B) p mgl sin ; 2
ml
p
(C) p m;
m
g
(D) p ;
l
Ans: (b)
p
ml
P
H
H
P2
P P mg l s in ; 2
m g l1 co s
2
2ml
P
ml
.Q5. The Poisson bracket between and is
1
(B) , 2
ml
g
(D) ,
l
(A) , 1
1
(C) ,
m
Ans :( b)
, , mlP
P
1
1
1
P
1 2 0 2 .
where 2 . 2
ml
ml
ml P P
ml
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GATE- 2011
Q6. A particle is moving under the action of a generalized potential V q, q
1 q
. The
q2
magnitude of the generalized force is

(A)
21 q
q3
(B)
21 q
q3
(C)
2
q3
(D)
q
q3
Ans: (c)
d V V
2
Fq Fq 3 .
dt q q
q
Q7. Two bodies of mass m and 2m are connected by a spring constant k. The frequency
of the normal mode is
(A) 3k / 2m
(B)
k/m
(C)
(D)
2k / 3m
k / 2m
Ans: (a)
2m
2mm
2m
k
3k
where reduce mass
.
2m
2m
2m m
3
3
Q8. Let (p, q) and (P, Q) be two pairs of canonical variables. The transformation
Q q cosp , P q sinp
is canonical for
(A) = 2, = 1/2
(B) = 2, =2
(C) = 1, = 1
(D) = 1/2, = 2
Ans: (d)
Q P Q P
1
q p p q
q 1 cosp q cosp q sinp q 1 sinp 1
q 2 1 cos 2 p sin 2 p 1 q 2 1 1 , 2 .
1
2
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Q9. Two particles each of rest mass m collide head-on and stick together. Before
collision, the speed of each mass was 0.6 times the speed of light in free space. The mass
of the final entity is
(A) 5m / 4
(B) 2m
(C) 5m / 2
(D) 25 m / 8
Ans: (c)
From conservation of energy
mc 2
1
v
c2
mc 2
1
v
c2
m1c 2
2mc2
1
v
c2
m1c 2
Since v 0.6c m1 5m / 2
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GATE- 2012
Q10. In a central force field, the trajectory of a particle of mass m and angular
momentum L in plane polar coordinates is given by,
1 m
1 cos
r L2
where, is the eccentricity of the particles motion. Which one of the following choice
for gives rise to a parabolic trajectory?
(a) = 0
(b) = 1
(c) 0 < < 1
(d) > 1
Ans: (b)
l m
1 cos for parabolic trajectory 1 .
r l2
Q11. A particle of unit mass moves along the x-axis under the influence of a potential,
V x xx 2 . The particle is found to be in stable equilibrium at the point x = 2. The
2
time period of oscillation of the particle is

(a)
(b)
(c)
3
2
(d) 2
Ans: (b)
V x x x 2
2
V
2
2
x 2 2 xx 2 0 x 2, x
x
3
2V
2V
2
2
x
2
x
2
x
2 2 4
x 2
x 2
2V
x 2

x2
2
2
T
T .
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Q12. A rod of proper length l0 oriented parallel to the x-axis moves with speed 2c/3 along
the x-axis in the S-frame, where c is the speed of the light in free space. The observer is
also moving along the x-axis with speed c/2 with respect to the S-frame. The length of the
rod as measured by the observer is
(a) 0.35l0
(b) 0.48l0
(c) 0.87l0
(d) 0.97l0
Ans: (d)
u 2x
u 'x v
2c '
c
and
l
l
1
0.97l0
v , u x , ux
0
u 'x v
c2
3
2
1 2
c
Q13. A particle of mass m is attached to fixed point O by a weightless inextensible string

of length a. It is rotating under the gravity as shown in the figure.
The Lagrangian of the particle is
L ,
1
ma 2 2 sin 2 2 mga cos where and are the
2
m
polar angles. The Hamiltonian of the particles is

g
2
p2
p
mga cos
2
sin
(a) H
1
2ma 2
(c) H
1
p2 p2 mga cos
2ma 2
2
p2
p
mga cos
2
sin
(b) H
1
2ma 2
(d) H
1
p2 p2 mga cos
2ma 2
Ans: (b)
1
H P P L P P ma 2 2 sin 2 2 mga cos
2
P
L
P
L
ma 2 sin 2
P ma 2 P 2 and P
ma 2 sin 2
ma
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Put the value of and
2
2
P
P

P
1
2 P
2
H P
P
ma 2 sin 2 2 mga cos
ma
2
ma 2
ma 2 sin 2
ma sin
P2
P2
P2
P2
mga cos
ma 2 2ma 2 ma 2 sin 2 2ma 2 sin 2
1
2ma 2
2
P2
P 2 mga cos
sin
Statement for Linked Answer Questions 14 and 15:

Q14. A particle of mass m slides under the gravity without friction along the parabolic
path y ax 2 axis shown in the figure. Here a is a constant.
m
x
The Lagrangian for this particle is given by
(a) L
1 2
mx mgax 2
2
(b) L
1
m1 4a 2 x 2 x 2 mgax 2
2
(c) L
1 2
mx mgax 2
2
(d) L
1
m1 4a 2 x 2 x 2 mgax 2
2
Ans: (d)
1
Equation of constrain is given by y ax 2 , K.E T m x 2 y2
2
y 2axx T
1
1
m x 2 4ax 2 x 2 mx 2 1 4ax 2
2
2
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V mgy mgax 2 . Since particle is moving downward direction so potential V is
negative.
L T V L
1
m1 4a 2 x 2 x 2 mgax 2
2
Q15. The Lagranges equation of motion of the particle for above question is given by
(b) m 1 4a 2 x 2 x 2mgax 4ma 2 xx 2
(a) x 2 gax
(c) m 1 4a 2 x 2 x 2mgax 4ma 2 xx 2
(d) x 2 gax
Ans: (c)
d dL dL
m(1 4a 2 x 2 )x 4ma 2 xx 2 2mgax
dt dx dx
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GATE- 2013
Q16. In the most general case, which one of the following quantities is NOT a second
order tensor?
(a) Stress
(b) Strain
(c) Moment of inertia
(d) Pressure
Ans: (b)
Strain is not a tensor.
Q17. An electron is moving with a velocity of 0.85c in the same direction as that of a
moving photon. The relative velocity of the electron with respect to photon is
(a) c
(b) c
(c) 0.15c
(d) 0.15c
Ans: (b)
Q18. The Lagrangian of a system with one degree of freedom q is given

by L q 2 q 2 , where and are non-zero constants. If p q denotes the canonical
momentum conjugate to q then which one of the following statements is CORRECT?
(a) p q 2q and it is a conserved quantity.
(b) p q 2q and it is not a conserved quantity.
(c) p q 2q and it is a conserved quantity.
(d) p q 2q and it is not a conserved quantity.
Ans: (d)
L
pq but
q
L
0
q
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Q19. The relativistic form of Newtons second law of motion is
mc
dv
c 2 v 2 dt
(a) F
(c) F
(b) F
mc 2 dv
c 2 v 2 dt
m c 2 v 2 dv
c
dt
(d) F m
c 2 v 2 dv
dt
c2
Ans:
mv
1
v2
c2
dP
dv
m
dt
dt
1
2v dv
1
mv
2
3/2
c dt
2 v2
v2
1 2
1
2
c
c
1
v 2
v2 2
1
dv
1 1
c m dv
2c
F m
1
3
2
2
2
2
dt
2
dt
v
v
1 2
2
1
c2
c
c
Q20. Consider two small blocks, each of mass M, attached to two identical springs. One
of the springs is attached to the wall, as shown in the figure. The spring constant of each
spring is k . The masses slide along the surface and the friction is negligible. The
frequency of one of the normal modes of the system is,
(a)
3 2
2
k
M
(b)
3 3
2
k
M
(c)
3 5
2
k
M
(d)
3 6
2
k
M
Ans: (c)
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T
1 2 1 2
mx1 mx 2 ,
2
2
1 2 1
1
1
1
2
kx1 k x2 x1 kx12 k x22 x12 2 x2 x1 k 2 x 2 x 2 2 x2 x1
2
2
2
2
2
m 0
2k
T
; V
0 m
k
2k 2 m
k m
2
0 2k 2 m k 2 m k 2 0
Head office
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3 5
2
k
m
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AVS fiziks

CLASSICAL MECHANICS SOLUTIONS

(B) Both P and Q are true

(C) Both P and Q are false

(D) P is false and Q is true

Q2. A particle is placed in a region with the potential V x

are points of stable equilibrium

(B) x = 0 is a point of stable equilibrium and x

is a point of unstable equilibrium

are points of unstable equilibrium

(D) There are no points of stable or unstable equilibrium

Q4. Hamiltons equations are then given by

.Q5. The Poisson bracket between and is

magnitude of the generalized force is

(c) 0 < < 1

time period of oscillation of the particle is

Q13. A particle of mass m is attached to fixed point O by a weightless inextensible string

The Lagrangian of the particle is

polar angles. The Hamiltonian of the particles is

Statement for Linked Answer Questions 14 and 15:

(c) m 1 4a 2 x 2 x 2mgax 4ma 2 xx 2

(c) Moment of inertia

Q18. The Lagrangian of a system with one degree of freedom q is given

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