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BCH 369: Unique #55015/55020

Worksheet 25
May 7, 2015
Question 1
___ are eukaryotic DNA sequences that can be used to elevate
transcription and have variable positions and orientations.
A)Enhancers
B) Operators
C) Introns
D) Polycistrons
E) Promoters
Enhancers are specific to eukaryotic transcription and are the
DNA elements to which the activators bind to elevate the
level of transcription.
Question 2
Which of the following DNA control elements become part of the RNA
transcript?
A) Promoter
B)Transcriptional terminator
C) Operator regions
D) Enhancer elements
E) None of the above
The promoter, operator and enhancer regions serve
regulatory purposes only. Proteins bind to these regions to
being transcription elsewhere. However, the transcriptional
terminator must be synthesized as part of the mRNA chain in
order to form and thereby terminate transcription.
Question 3
Which of the following best describes the cap nucleotide linkage on a
eukaryotic mRNA?
A) 53 linkage
B) 33 linkage
C)55 linkage
D) 35 linkage

BCH 369: Unique #55015/55020


Worksheet 25
May 7, 2015
Nucleic polymers are synthesized by joining a 5 phosphate
and a 3 OH a 5 3 link. The 5 cap is a special type of
linkage in order to help protect against nuclease digestion.
Nucleases would hydrolyze the standard 5 to 3 link.
Question 4
Which of the following statements concerning RNA interference is
FALSE?
A)Dicer ribonuclease degrades the passenger RNA strand.
B) An RNA molecule is produced that forms an intramolecular
hairpin structure.
C) The RNA is cleaved to produce a smaller siRNA molecule.
D) The RNA guide strand directs RISC to the mRNA that is targeted
for cleavage.
Dicer is responsible for binding the RNA hairpin and digesting
it down to the siRNA. It is the RISC complex that digests the
passenger strand.
Question 5
In the two-step process of charging tRNAs, where is the AMP group
initially added?
A) To the -amine group of the amino acid
B)To the -carboxy group of the amino acid
C) To the 5 phosphate of the tRNA
D) To the 3 OH of the tRNA
This is very similar to what weve seen numerous times a
substrate molecule is first activated by transferring a
nucleotide monophosphate. The phosphoester bond is then
cleaved to facilitate forming the ester bond between the
amino acid carboxy group and the 3 OH of the tRNA.
Question 6
To which site on the 30S subunit does the initiator tRNA bind?
A) E site
B)P site
C) A site
2

BCH 369: Unique #55015/55020


Worksheet 25
May 7, 2015
D) Shine-Dalgarno site
Transpeptidation occurs when the amine group of the
aminoacyl-tRNA in the A site attacks the ester carbon
attached to the tRNA in the P site. If the initiator tRNA binds
to the A site theres no place for the tRNA carrying amino
acid #2 to bind.

BCH 369: Unique #55015/55020


Worksheet 25
May 7, 2015
Question 7
During transpeptidation, nucleophilic attack occurs between the amine group in the ____ site and the esterified carbon in the ___ site.
A)A; P
B) P; E
C) E; A
D) P; A
E) A; E

Question 8
Hydrolysis of GTP by EF-Tu is thermodynamically required for
A) aminoacyl-tRNA binding to A site
B)Proofreading
C) Transpeptidation
D) Translocation
E) None of the above
This is a question that is not always obvious to students. The
important thing to keep in mind is that EF-Tu checks for
correct binding between codon and anticodon first. If it is
correct GTP is hydrolyzed and EF-Tu leaves without its
previously-associated charged tRNA. If however the pairing is
incorrect EF-Tu does not hydrolyze GTP and leaves WITH the
charged tRNA. This is how it acts as the proofreader.

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