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Subject-Verb Agreement
Subject-verb agreement refers to the number agreement between the subject and the verb
of a sentence.
It may be noted that here the term agreement refers to the number agreement between
the subject and the verb of a sentence.
The whole topic revolves around one fundamental condition or rule, as we would call itRule: A singular subject agrees with a singular verb and a plural subject agrees with a plural
verb.
To exemplify the above rule, let us consider the following examplesRam is a boy. He plays guitar every day.
Ram and Shayam are friends. They play guitar every day.
The first example is the case where a singular subject Ram agrees with a singular
verb plays and a plural subject Ram and Shayam ( or they )agrees with a plural verb play.
Note:
The agreement between the subject and the verb is applicable only in present tense.
The agreement is applicable to the 3rd person subject
The whole topic can be considered a set of rules or conditions which we have to follow
while constructing a sentence.
The rules involved in the topic are as described below. We shall follow these rules with
examples.
Rule 1: If two subjects are connected by -neithernor; eitheror; Not onlybut
also; or. The verb agrees with the closest subject. Hence the rule is termed as Closest
Subject Rule (CSR).
1.
2.
3.
4.
According to the rule the verb agrees with the closest subject, hence the answers to the
above questions are- 1. Is; 2. Are; 3. Was; & 4. Goes.
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Rule 2: If two subjects are connected by- as well as; together with; along
with; including; except for; rather than. The verb agrees with the farthest subject.
Hence the rule is termed as Farthest Subject Rule (FSR).
1.
2.
3.
4.
According to the rule the verb agrees with the farthest subject, hence the answers to the
above questions are- 1. Are; 2. Is ; 3. Is & 4. comes
-body
etc.
Someone
Somebody
No one
Each
Everybody
Each one
Every
words ending with-body , one
Either Neither
One
Nobody
Everyone
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Case-3: Indefinite pronouns that can be both-singular and plural, depending on the
context. Such as- SANAM pronouns. These are- Some, All, None, Any & Most.
1.
2.
3.
4.
The verb of the sentence would not agree with the SANAM pronouns but would agree with
the noun or the pronoun coming after them.
Rule-4: Collective Nouns and SVA
Collective nouns are considered singular and hence would agree with a singular verb. This
rule is applicable, only if the collective nouns represent a collective sense.
Collective nouns- family, class, bouquet, bunch, herd, flock, pride, infantry, population,
cabinet, jury, group, galaxy, constellation, committee, board, with exceptions of- police,
cattle, etc.
1.
2.
3.
4.
The answers to the questions above are- 1. Is; 2. Has; 3. Was & 4. Is.
If the sense of a collective noun is not singular, it agrees with a plural verb, depending on
the context.
1. The committee has/have taken all the statutory responsibilities upon themselves
2. The class is/are taking a test to evaluate their performance
3. The team was/were putting on their shirts.
The collective nouns used over here are not singular in nature as can be seen.
The answers to the above questions are- 1. Have; 2. Are & 3. Were
Rule-5: Two singular countable subjects connected with and.
1.
2.
3.
4.
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The answers to the questions above are- 1. Are; 2. Were; 3. Are & 4. Add.
Rule-6: Two singular countable subjects connected with and but they refer to one person,
place or a thing, i.e. collectively they refer to a singular sense or subject.
1.
2.
3.
4.
The answers to the questions above- 1. Say; 2. Are; 3. Have & 4. Are.
Rule-8: Words that seem to be plural but are treated as singular.
News ; Mathematics; Economics; Politics; Statistics; Logistics ; Phonetics ; Whereabouts;
Stamina; Names of diseases- AIDS; Measles; Mumps etc.
1.
2.
3.
4.
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Rule-9: If we get both positive and negative vibes, the verb has to agree with the positive
part of the sentence.
1. It is not Carol but her sisters who is/are married.
2. It was the subject of the movie, not the actors, that has/have charmed the audience.
3. It is not the faculty members but the president who gives/give the final decision on
any case.
4. He, not I, is/are/am in charge of the program.
The answers to the questions above- 1. Are; 2. Has; 3. Gives; & 4. Is
Rule-10: Some nouns (subjects) are plural by nature and like to be with plural verbs.
Savings; Thanks; Surroundings; Riches; Goods; Outskirts; Belongings; Premises; Clothes;
Children; Earnings; Congratulations; People; Staff; Assets; Cattle
1.
2.
3.
4.
The answers to the questions above are- 1. Were; 2. Play; 3. Are & 4. Is
The answers to the above questions- 1. Is; 2. Is; 3. Are; 4. Were; 5. Is; 6. Separate; 7. Is & 8.
Were.
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The answers to the above questions are- 1. Are; 2. Is; 3. Is; 4. Are & 5. Are
Rule-15: Words that are plural, such as- data, jeans eyeglasses , slacks, shoes, socks,
trousers, barracks, media, scissors, binoculars etc.
1. Your eyeglasses is/are on the table.
2. My jeans is/are dirty.
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But, if these words are preceded by a pair of1. A pair of jeans costs/cost Rs.1000.
2. This pair of scissors is/are blunt.
The answers- 1. Costs & 2. Is
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9. No one- neither her rivals nor mainstream journalists- has/have had the guts to raise
the voice.
10. The mayor will now have an opportunity to demonstrate that it is his management
techniques and not any one person, which is/are responsible for the success.
Exercise-2
Directions for questions 1 to 15: In the following question, identify the sentence/s which is/
are grammatically incorrect.
1.
2.
2. B
3. C
4. D
2. A & D
3. A & C
4. B & C
5.
4. Only D
A. The Chief Minister, who has been convicted along with his four cronies on four
counts of various crimes but who also seems, like a cat, to have several political lives,
are finally going to jail.
B. The news from the front is bad.
C. My pants is torn.
D. A pair of checkered trousers is in the closet.
1. B & D
4.
3. Only B
3.
2. B & D
2. B & C
3. C & D
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A.
B.
C.
D.
2. C & D
3. A & C
4. B & D
2. A & C
3. B & D
4. A & D
A. The department members but not the chair have decided not to teach on Diwali.
B. It is not the faculty members but the president who decide this issue.
C. It was the principal, not his ideas, that has provoked the students to riot.
D. The jury disagree about the guilt of the accused and have told the judge that they
have no hope of resolving the stalemate.
1. A
9.
4. A, B, C & D
A. Fifty percent of the student body are in favor of changing the policy.
B. Fifty percent of the students are in favor of changing the policy.
C. Three-fifths of the troops were lost in the battle.
D. After the four-hour practice under the wicked sun, the team showers, changes into
its casual clothes, and heads to its air-conditioned hotel suites.
1. B & C
8.
3. A, C & D
Every evening the cricket team follow its coach out to the hot field for practice.
All members of the team arrives at the same place at the same time.
Today, Dr. Rakesh's class takes its first 100-item exam.
The jury agrees that the state prosecutors did not provide enough evidence, so its
verdict is not guilty.
1. A & B
7.
2. B, C & D
2. B
3. C
4. D
2. C & D
3. A & C
4. B & D
2. B, C & D
3. A, C & D
4. A, B , C & D
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2. C & D
3. A, B, C & D
3. A, C & D
4. A, B & D
She is one of the girls who cheers on Sunday nights at the stadium.
She is one of the girls who cheer on Sunday nights at the stadium.
She is the only one of the cheerleaders who have a broken arm.
She is the only one of the cheerleaders who has a broken arm.
1. B & D
14. A.
B.
C.
D.
2. B, C & D
2. B & C
3. A & D
4. A & C
1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D
2. B & D
3. A & D
4. B & C
Exercise-3
Directions for questions 1 to 10: Choose the correct answer option.
1. The ranger and camper sees/see the bear.
2. Neither threats nor hostile action scares/ scare the enemy.
3. A sweet potato and some carrots provides/provide Vitamin A, important for healthy
eyes
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4. Unfortunately for the working class, neither diet nor vitamins alone provides/provide
sufficient fuel for good health.
5. The boys-scout members learns/ learn a variety of different skills that are valuable at
the camp.
6. The Lions club members often gets/get together to talk over old times.
7. The child, together with his parents, visits/visit us every week.
8. His mastery of several sports and the social graces makes/make him a popular host.
9. Either of us is/are capable of doing this work
10. There is/are many reasons why I cant help you.
Exercise-4
Directions for questions 1 to 5: Choose the sentence in which the subjects and verbs have
been correctly identified and in which the subjects and verbs agree. The subjects are in bold
and the verbs are underlined.
1.
A)
B)
C)
D)
At the end of the story, they was living happily ever after.
At the end of the story, they were living happily ever after.
At the end of the story, they were living happy ever after.
At the end of the story, they was living happily ever after.
2.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ali and Atif went to the beach to surf with their friends.
Ali and Atif go to the beach to surf with their friends.
Ali and Atif goes to the beach to surf with their friends.
Ali and Atif goes to the beach to surf with their friends.
3.
A) The group of children from that school has never seen the ocean.
B) The group of children from that school have never seen the ocean.
C) The group of children from that school has never saw the ocean.
D) The group of children from that school have never seen the ocean.
4.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Neither she nor they will be willing to predict the election results.
Neither she nor they was willing to predict the election results.
Neither she nor they was willing to predict the election results.
Neither she nor they were willing to predict the election results.
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5.
A) My problem, which is minor in comparison with others, exists because I dropped out of
high school.
B) My problem, which is minor in comparison with others, exist because I dropped out of
high school.
C) My problem, which is minor in comparison with others, existed because I dropped out of
high school.
D) My problem, which is minor in comparison with others, exist because I dropped out of
high school.
Answer Key
Exercise-1
1. swims
6. are
10.Are
2. Are
7. Is
3. Are
8. Is
4. Was
9. Has
5. Is
2. 1
7. 4
12.1
3. 3
8. 2
13.4
4. 4
9. 2
14.3
5. 3
10.4
15.2
2. Scares
6. Get
10. Are
3. Provide
7. Visits
4.Provide
8. Makes
2. B
3. A
4. D
Exercise-2
1. 2
6. 1
11.4
Exercise-3
1. Sees
5. Learn
9. is
Exercise-4
1. B
5. A
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