1.

Define Causal Determinism, Hard Determinism, Soft Determinism,

Indeterminism, and Libertarianism.
The definition for the following words are:
Causal Determinism - every event has a cause
Hard Determinism - causal determinism is true, and therefore, free action and moral
responsibility are impossible
Soft Determinism (or compatibilism) - causal determinism is true, but we still act as
free, morally responsible agents when, in the absence of external constraints, our
actions are caused by our desires
Indeterminism - causal determinism is false, since free, uncaused actions that we
are morally responsible for are possible
Libertarianism is a political philosophy that upholds liberty as its principal objective.
Libertarians seek to maximize autonomy and freedom of choice, emphasizing
political freedom, voluntary association and the primacy of individual judgment.

2. What is Universal Determinism? State the Thesis of Determinism. What is

fatalism?
Universal Determinism is that everything is the effect of some cause or causes and
for everything that exists there are antecedent conditions.
The theory of Determinism is that for every event, including human action, there
exist conditions that could cause no other event.
Fatalism is the belief that all events are predetermined and therefore inevitable.
3. List some of the arguments used by libertarians in support of freedom of will.
(Hint: the Data of Experience)
Some of the arguments used by libertarians in support of freedom of will include:
a. I deliberate only about MY behavior
b. I deliberate only about future things
c. I cannot deliberate about what I shall do, if I already know what I am going to
do.
d. I cannot deliberate unless I believe that it is "up to me."
4. What is John Searles Solution to the Freewill Problem?
John Searles Solution to the Freewill Problem is:
Reinterpreting the problem:
The traditional debate conflates 2 problems:
The question of the sort of freedom that is necessary for moral responsibility.
The question of whether or not our actions are causally determined by their
antecedents.

5. Explain the distinct philosophical views of the compatibilist and the

incompatibilist as they relate to free will and divine foreknowledge.
Humans are either free or they are not. They either possess free will
and can use it or they do not have it at all. They either have it and can use it
as often as they want to do so or they have only the appearance of free will
and really never make decisions or choices devoid of prior influences that
determine the outcome of the decision or choice making procedure.