International Journal of Research and Innovation (IJRI)

International Journal of Research and Innovation (IJRI)

1401-1402

ANALYSIS OF SOFT STOREY FOR MULTI STORYED

BUILDING IN ZONE-4

S.uttamraj1*, K. Mythili2
1 Research Scholar, Department Of Civil Engineering, Aurora's Scientific Technological & Research Academy, Hyderabad, India
2 Assistant professor , Department Of Civil Engineering, Aurora's Scientific Technological & Research Academy, Hyderabad, India

Abstract
Multi-storey buildings are becoming increasingly common in developed and developing countries with the increase in
urbanization all over the world. Many of these buildings do not have structural walls at ground floor level to increase the
flexibility of the space for recreational use such as parking or for retail or commercial use. these buildings which possess storey that are significantly weaker or more flexible than adjacent storey are known as soft storey buildings, these
are characterized by having a story which has a lot of open space. while the unobstructed space of the soft story might
be aesthetically or commercially desirable, it also means that there are less opportunities to install shear walls, specialized walls which are designed to distribute lateral forces so that a building can cope with the swaying characteristic of
an earthquake.
Soft-storey is also called as flexible storey. a large number of buildings with soft storey have been built in recent year.
but it showed poor performance during past earthquake. soft storys are subjected to larger lateral loads during earthquakes and under lateral loads their lateral deformations are greater than those of other floors so the design of structural members of soft stories is critical and it should be different from the upper floors.
In this thesis analysis of soft-storey for high rise building in zone 4, applying the finite element approach to analyse
and explore the behaviour of soft-storey at different floor level of building under seismic load actions and wind load actions respectively .
ALL ANALYSIS IS CARRIED OUT BY SOFTWARE ETABS. BASE SHEAR, STOREY DISPLACEMENT, STOREY DRIFT IS
CALCULATED AND COMPARED FOR ALL MODELS.

*Corresponding Author:
S.uttamraj ,
Research Scholar, Department Of Civil Engineering,
Aurora's Scientific Technological & Research Academy,
Hyderabad, India
Published: September 15, 2014
Review Type: peer reviewed
Volume: I, Issue : I

Citation: S.uttamraj , Research Scholar (2014) ANALYSIS OF SOFT STOREY FOR MULTI STRYED BUILDING
IN ZONE-4

INTRODUCTION
Soft-Storey
A soft story building is a multi-story building with
one or more floors which are soft due to structural design. Soft story buildings are characterized
by having a story which has a lot of open space such
as parking garages, or large retail spaces or floors
with a lot of windows. This soft story creates a major
weak point in an earthquake, since soft stories are
classically associated with retail spaces and parking garages, they are often on the lower stories of a
building, and the upper floors of most buildings are
more rigid than their base floors. As a result, the
seismic behaviors of the base and the upper floors
are significantly different from each other. This phe-

nomenon is called as the soft-story irregularity.

.
If a building has a floor which is 70% less stiff
than the floor above it, is considered as a soft story
building. While the unobstructed space of the soft
story might be aesthetically or commercially desirable, it also means that there are less opportunities
to install shear walls, specialized walls which are
designed to distribute lateral forces so that a building can cope with the swaying characteristic of an
earthquake.
Soft story also exists at intermediate floors too,
floors which are soft due to structural design.
These floors can be especially dangerous in earthquakes, because they cannot cope with the lateral
forces caused by the swaying of the building during
a quake. As a result, the soft story may fail, causing
what is known as a soft story collapse.
Soft storey is the one of which the rigidity is lower
than any other storeys due to the fact that it has
not got the walls with the same properties the other
ones have Soft storeys are generally present at the
entrance floor (ground floor) of the buildings. This
situation depends on the constructional purpose.

International Journal of Research and Innovation (IJRI)

Structural Description
The Building analyzed is a G+21 structure, 64.5
meter tall located in 4th zone of india with a gross
area of 780 square meter. The analysis of building
with soft-storey at different floor level is carried out
for seismic design and wind design resp.
Soft-Storey
INFILLED WALL OF W-230 mm (9 inch) thick wall
is provided all around the structure & with walls inside the structure, the inner walls are 115 mm thick
plays an important role in increasing the stiffness of
building so they are considered in the analysis.
Columns:C 900 x 900 mm of M40 grade up to 20th
floor
Perspective Plan View Of G+20 Storied Building

el created in ETABS [9], a commercial computer program

for the analysis of structures.
Earthquake Effect on Soft-Storey for High Rise Building
Symmetrical constructions in both plan and height show
a better resistance during an earthquake than those that
do not have this symmetry. Since the presence of a soft
storey which has less rigidity than other storeys spoils
the perpendicular symmetry of the construction and if
this fact was not taken into consideration, it causes the
construction to be affected by the quake. Because the columns in this part are forced by the quake more than the
ones in the other parts of the building. & the walls increase the rigidity at a certain degree in the construction.
There is 15 % difference of rigidity between a storey with
walls and the one without any walls. During an earthquake more moment and shear strength fall on the columns and walls in the entrance floors than the one in the
upper storeys. If the walls that exist in other storey do not
exist in the entrance floor, these columns are forced more
those in other storeys. Due to the fact that there is less
rigidity in soft storey.
To transfer lateral load from floor diaphragm to the foundation suitable vertical elements are required. They may
be moment resisting frames, shear walls, bearings or a
combination of these. Shear wall is essentially a column
with large depth and small width. In general shear wall
tend to be laterally much stiffer than moment resisting
frames. It is necessary to design the frame for at least
25% of design force in case of structure having a combination of shear wall and moment resisting frame. This is
essential because if shear wall fails, there may be sudden
collapse of building.

Scope & Objective :

The major aim of this unique project is to study the load
deflection behavior of soft storey buildings when subjected to lateral loading and to develop a representative
seismic performance assessment procedure for soft storey buildings subject to different levels of ground shaking.
Safety and minimum damage level of a structure could
be the prime requirement of high rise buildings with soft
stories to meet these requirements; the structure should
have adequate lateral strength, lateral stiffness, and sufficient ductility. Among the various structural systems,
shear wall-concrete frame could be a point of choice for
the designer hence the objective of this paper is to study
the effect of soft story on structural behavior of high rise
buildings and seismic response of soft story structures
with shear wall. Also compare the soft story structural
response of high rise building with various type of shear
wall arrangement on building and finding of optimum
design of earthquake resistance soft story buildings by
considering of required performance level. & one of the
most frequent reasons of the soft story behavior is the
abrupt change in the amount of the infill walls between
stories. As the infill walls are not regarded as a part of
load carrying system, generally engineers do not consider
their effects on the structural behavior. Therefore, many
engineer are not conscious enough about soft story occurrence because of infill walls, and required attention is not
provided. In this study, effect of infill walls on structural
behavior, especially for the soft story, is investigated in
order to increase the level of knowledge and awareness.
A comparative study was performed on 3-D analysis mod-

Soft storey attracts plastic deformation resulting in the

collapse of the building. Many such failures due to soft
storey were observed for a good seismic performance it
is necessary to have high redundancy, thus even after
failure of one of the member the structure may not fail.
If they are monolithically connected to each other and if
yielding takes place in one of them then redistribution of
forces takes place.
Criteria for earthquake resistant design of structure I
S 1893 : 2002

International Journal of Research and Innovation (IJRI)

The earthquake zoning map of India divides India

into 4 seismic zones (Zone 2, 3, 4 and 5) unlike its
previous version which consisted of five or six zones
for the country. According to the present zoning
map, Zone 5 expects the highest level of seismicity
whereas Zone 2 is associated with the lowest level
of seismicity.
Behavior of Buildings in past earthquakes:
Failures can be categorized as followsFailure due to building structure
Building as a whole
Individual members
Failures due to soil conditions
Structural collapse may occur at any level and may
be due to lateral or torsional displacements, local
failure of supporting members, excessive foundation movement and it may also be due to impact of
very close adjoining structure which collapse during
the earthquake.
Design Consideration- for- Lateral Load Bearing
Member
Lateral Load Bearing Members:
In framed buildings, horizontal forces due to wind or
earthquake are resisted by frames in proportion to
their rigidities. In tall buildings of moderate heights
(say, up to 20 story), where both frames and shear
walls must be provided, horizontal forces are assumed to be fully resisted by shear walls alone, with
frames being designed being designed for at least
25% of the total horizontal load. For taller buildings,
the rigidity of shear walls in the upper storey gets
reduced due to the accumulation of deflection of the
storeys below, necessitating joint participation of
frames and shear walls to resist shear walls alone,
is hen no more valid and more accurate methods
must be adopted to apportion the horizontal shear
between frames and shear walls.

ucative in identifying structural configurations that

are desirable versus those which must be avoided.
Size of buildings:
In tall buildings with large height- to-base size ratio,
the horizontal movement of the floors during ground
shaking is large. In short but very long buildings,
the damaging effect during earthquake shaking are
many. And, in buildings with large plan area like
warehouses, the horizontal seismic forces can be
excessive to be carried by columns and walls.
Seismic Analysis Method:
When a structure is subjected to earthquake, it responds by vibrating. An earthquake force can be
resolved into three mutually perpendicular directions-the two horizontal directions (x and y) and
the vertical direction (z). This motion causes the
structure to vibrate or shake in all three directions;
the predominant direction of shaking is horizontal.
All the structures are primarily designed for gravity loads-force equal to mass times gravity in the
vertical direction. Because of the inherent factor of
safety used in the design specifications, most structures tend to be adequately protected against vertical shaking. Vertical acceleration should also be
considered in structures with large spans, those
in which stability for design, or for overall stability
analysis of structures.
Properties Of Buildings
In modeling building frame, the following material
properties and geometrical properties was used
for beam, columns, masonry infill. Normal weight
concrete was chosen for finite element analysis of
building frames respectively.
Symmetry Condition
Irregular Building.

s: Unsymmetrical

Problems involved in the analysis of shear wall

structures which, in essence, means to determine
the share of storey shear resisted by each sheet wall
for each storey in succession. It is assumed or that
the frames, if present, do not participate in ninety
rigid in its own plane or at least it is more rigid than
any of the shear walls joining it and that the foundation of shear wall is sufficiently rigid to ensure its
fixity at base.

Plan dimensions

: 32mX24m.

Slab Thickness

: 200mm

Architectural features:

Typical floor Height

: 3m

A desire to create an aesthetic and functionally efficient structure drives architects to conceive wonderful and imaginative structures. Sometimes the
shape of the building catches the eye of the visitor,
sometimes the structural system of work together
to make the structure a marvel. However, each of
these choices of shapes and structure has significant bearing on the performance of the building
during past earthquake across the world is very ed-

Plinth level Height

: 1.5m

Column Size Up to 20th Floor: 900mm X 900mm.

Beam Size

:300mm X 600mm.

Beam Size ( Near Core Wall ) :750mm X 750mm.

Number-Of-Floors

: G+20 Upper Floor

Support Condition
Type of Soil

: Fixed

: Medium Type 2

Zone

: IV
3

International Journal of Research and Innovation (IJRI)

STATIC LOAD CASES
STATIC
CASE

CASE
TYPE

DL

DEAD

LL

LIVE

AUTO LAT
LOAD
N/A

N/A

SELF WT
MULTIPLIER

NOTIONAL NOTIONAL
FACTOR DIRECTION

Displacement Graph For Soft Storey @ Different

Floor

1.0000
0.0000

EQX

QUAKE

EQXP

QUAKE

IS1893 2002
IS1893 2002

EQXN

QUAKE

IS1893 2002

EQY

QUAKE

IS1893 2002

EQYP

QUAKE

IS1893 2002

EQYN

QUAKE

IS1893 2002

0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000

WX

WIND

IS875 1987

0.0000

WY

WIND

IS875 1987

0.0000

Displacement Graph For Soft-Storey @ Different

Floors

Drift Graph For Soft Storey @ Different Floor

Displacement Of Soft-Storey @ Ground Floor Is

Compared With Soft-Storey @ 5 Th Floor

International Journal of Research and Innovation (IJRI)

Drift Of Soft-Storey @ Ground Floor Is Compared With Soft-Storey @ 5 Th Floor.

Base Shear Tabular Static Analysis Eqx For

Zone--4

Base Shear Tabular Static Analysis Eqx

Story

Load

VX

ROOF

EQX

-815

20TH STORY

EQX

-1896

19TH STORY

EQX

-2905.1

18TH STORY

EQX

-3769

17TH STORY

EQX

-5306.9

16TH STORY

EQX

-5931.38

15TH STORY

EQX

-6459.77

14TH STORY

EQX

-6964.14

13TH STORY

EQX

-7348

12TH STORY

EQX

-7684.68

11TH STORY

EQX

-7948.18

10TH STORY

EQX

-8213.9

9TH STORY

EQX

-8405.3

8TH STORY

EQX

-8545.3

7TH STORY

EQX

-8765

6TH STORY

EQX

-8780.48

5TH STORY

EQX

-8800.45

4TH STORY

EQX

-8831.55

3TH STORY

EQX

2ND STORY

Base Shear Tabular Static Analysis EQY

Story

Load

VX

ROOF

EQY

-632.4

20TH STORY

EQY

-1470.57

19TH STORY

EQY

-2253.49

18TH STORY

EQY

-2961.55

17TH STORY

EQY

-3576.9

16TH STORY

EQY

-4116.8

15TH STORY

EQY

-4601.7

14TH STORY

EQY

-5029.78

13TH STORY

EQY

-5383.69

12TH STORY

EQY

-5700

11TH STORY

EQY

-5979.8

10TH STORY

EQY

-6184.87

9TH STORY

EQY

-6399

8TH STORY

EQY

-6520

7TH STORY

EQY

-6632

6TH STORY

EQY

-6725

-8841.67

5TH STORY

EQY

-6881

EQX

-8850.34

4TH STORY

EQY

-6818

IST STORY

EQX

-8861.38

3TH STORY

EQY

-6825

BASE

EQX

-8861.4

2ND STORY

EQY

-6835

IST STORY

EQY

-6855

BASE

EQY

-6855

Story Shear Displaying Value For Eqx For Soft

Storey At Ground Floor In Zone - 4

International Journal of Research and Innovation (IJRI)

Base Shear Tabular Wind Analysis Wy

Story

Load

VY

ROOF

WY

-163.54

20TH STORY

WY

344.25

19TH STORY

WY

533.74

18TH STORY

WY

714.73

17TH STORY

WY

920.4

16TH STORY

WY

1101.31

15TH STORY

WY

1265

14TH STORY

WY

1430

12TH STORY

WY

1594

11TH STORY

WY

1751

10TH STORY

WY

1907

9TH STORY

WY

2047

8TH STORY

WY

2187

7TH STORY

WY

2294

6TH STORY

WY

2401

5TH STORY

WY

4TH STORY

Base Shear Tabular Dynamics Analysis Spec1For Zone-4

Story

Load

VX

ROOF

SPEC-1

565.98

20TH STORY

SPEC-1

1214.78

19TH STORY

SPEC-1

1739.34

18TH STORY

SPEC-1

2125.86

17TH STORY

SPEC-1

2415.75

16TH STORY

SPEC-1

2636.41

15TH STORY

SPEC-1

2861.67

14TH STORY

SPEC-1

2981.73

13TH STORY

SPEC-1

3105.97

12TH STORY

SPEC-1

3230.97

11TH STORY

SPEC-1

3230.12

10TH STORY

SPEC-1

3368.25

9TH STORY

SPEC-1

3520.10

8TH STORY

SPEC-1

3699.55

7TH STORY

SPEC-1

3906.62

2508

6TH STORY

SPEC-1

4113.69

WY

2698

5TH STORY

SPEC-1

4320.75

3TH STORY

WY

2796

4TH STORY

SPEC-1

4541.42

2ND STORY

WY

2889

3TH STORY

SPEC-1

4734.88

2ND STORY

SPEC-1

4900.53

IST STORY

SPEC-1

5038.57

BASE

SPEC-1

5079.57

IST STORY

WY

2997

GRNDLVL

WY

2996.99

Base Shear In Zone-4 For Wind Analysis Wx

Base Shear In Zone-4 For Dynamic Analysis

Spec-1

International Journal of Research and Innovation (IJRI)

Discussion Of Results

References

Using Etabs-9.6 Software The Soft-Storey For High

Rise Building In Zone-4 Is Analyzed For Different
Floor Levels I.E. (Soft-Storey @ Ground Floor, @ 5th
Floor, @ 10th Floor & 15th Floor). From The Very
Limited Study Done An Attempt Has Been Made To
Draw The Following General & Specific Conclusion.

1.IS: 456 2000 Code of practice for plain and

Reinforced concrete.
2.IS 1893(part 1) 2002 : Criteria for Earthquake
resistant Design of structures
3.IS: 875(part 1) 1987 Code of practice for design loads (Other than earthquake) for buildings
and structures Dead loads.
4.IS: 875(part 2) 1987 Code of practice for design loads (Other than earthquake) for buildings
and structures Imposed loads
5.IS: 875(part 3) 1987 Code of practice for design loads (Other than earthquake) for buildings
and structures Wind loads.
6.Mark Fintel Hand book of concrete engineering ,
second edition, CBS Publishers & Distributors-New
Delhi, 2004
7.U H Varyani Structural Design of Multistoried
Buildings, Second edition, South Asian Publishers
New Delhi, 2002
8.Anil K. Chopra Dynamics of structures: Theory
and applications to Earthquake Engineering , Second edition, Pearson Education (Singapore) Pvt. ltd
2005
9.Dr V. L. Shah &Dr S.R. Karve Illustrated design of Reinforced concrete buildings (fifth edition) ,
Structures publications-Pune, 2005
10.C.V.R Murthy Earthquake Tips, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur , Sponsored by Building
Materials and Technology Promotion Council, New
Delhi, 2004

The result of the present study shows that soft-storey floor will have very determinant effect on structural behavior of building and structural capacity
under lateral loads. Displacement and relative story
drifts are affected by the structural irregularities.
Scope For Further Study
The present study is confirmed to anlysis of softstorey for high rise building in zone-4 for different
floor levels, the study may however be extended to
soft-storey with openings at different location &
with percentage of shear walls.
Conclusion

The Soft-Storey For High Rise Building In Zone4 Is Analyzed For Different Floor Levels I.E.
(Soft-Storey @ Ground Floor, @ 5th Floor, @
10th Floor & 15th Floor). From The Very Limited Study Done An Attempt Has Been Made To
Draw The Following General & Specific Conclusion.
The result of the present study shows that softstorey floor will have very determinant effect on
structural behavior of building and structural
capacity under lateral loads. Displacement and
relative story drifts are affected by the structural
irregularities.
Displacement: The displacement in the structure due to seismic effect for soft storey at different floor is tabulated below. Check any displacement (especially wind load) by H/500.
Storey drift: The drift in the structure due to
seismic effect for soft storey at different floor is.
As per Indian standard, Criteria for earthquake
resistant design of structures, IS 1893 (Part 1):
2002, the storey drift in any storey due to service load shall not exceed 0.004 times the storey
height.
shear wall

W/O

5%

10%

15%

STOREY

ROOF

ROOF

ROOF

ROOF

Displacements
in x

0.007728

0.013457

0.008601

0.007190

4.74%

11.28%

13%

Increase values
in %
Displacements
in y

Increase values
in %

0.00170

0.02498

0.00092

0.020320

13%

45%

10.95%

Author

S.uttamraj1*,
Research Scholar, Department Of Civil Engineering,
Aurora's Scientific Technological & Research Academy,
Hyderabad, India.

K. Mythili2
Assosiate professor, Department Of Civil Engineering,
Aurora's Scientific Technological & Research Academy,
Hyderabad, India