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steel/concrete joints
D. Van Gemert
External steel reinforcements are being used for restoring and repairing concrete
structures. The external steel is glued to the concrete with an epoxy adhesive. The
joints are usually loaded in pure shear or in bending shear. Experimental results of
the stress distribution in the adhesive layer in laboratory test specimens are given and the
testing machine, developed for these experiments, is also described. The ultimate load
bearing capacity and the phenomena accompanying rupture of the connection are
examined. From the experiments, design rules are drafted for the external reinforcements
and their anchorage to the concrete.
~teel plate
.........
Fig. 2
f=_
.....
shear
test
Fig. 3
I,
:
//
Zone
//
1 2
I
,
Fig. 5
80
I
I
60
I
5C
o
,
EL
30
0
A
Fig. 4
Testing apparatus
Fig. 6
100
200
D~stonce ( m m )
300
B
P~
z
"~
o
A
Fig. 7
loo
Distance (ram)
20o
300
B
free end B of the plate (Fig. 8b). An interesting characteristic of the apparent shearing stress distribution arises from
6.0
1. P= 24kN
5.5
2. P = 60kN
2
5.0
4.5
4.0
3.5
r~
E 3.0
E
z
~~ 2.5
E
z
. . . 2.
I
2.0
.
1.5
3
.ot F
.
off-
r_.2._
.....
I,
,
0
2,'5
50
7,5
125
175
22.5
Distance (ram)
a
Fig. 8a
30(
2.5
50
'
7,5
12,5
1'75
'- . . . .
225
D~stonce (mm)
30(
b
Average shearing stresses at a first loading
Fig. 8b
INT.J.ADHESION
AND ADHESIVES
69
r..
4 ~r
/
~ / , "
I
|
l
,
/
~ 2-
l
225
I
,*5
P (RN)
Fig. 10 Shearingstress in zone 3
1
e75
i
8o
~,
Fig. 11
EE
surface of
-''"
s~,~
x%vj
,
22.5
Fig. 9
45
P ( kN )
Shearing stress versus applied force in zone 1
675
the concrete
PS
t--- !
'
L,
Pu
~--I
'
~, L.~2 L
Bl
L~/2
80
Fig. 12
Assumedstress distribution
ultimate load
(a) at service
at
9
8o
Example
6o
7O
2
which gives L x = 370 ram.
The characteristic value of the tensile strength is given by:
R b k = 4 . 5 X (1 -- 1.64 X 0.15) = 3.4 N/ram 2.
The length L2 is found from the equation:
zxPe
i
i I I I
50 75 125
I
2 3
~'~-=~'~
--'~'-
I
250
4
375
5
42:~450 500
7 8S
Distance ( m m )
Fig. 14
Diagram
of forces
in the e x t e r n a l plate
test
4.o
~
//~
Shear-bending
30 -
li ...............................
1455 ,
-I
: ?
3 5-
3o
25
~E
E 2( z
~
1~-
lOO
I[lll]lllllllllllIIIIIIIIIIIIIltllllltl m
IIIIIl[llllllllllll]llll]l[li]lIll[llll
I
Fig.
13
Fig. 15
,
' 10
,
20
,
30
,
,
40
50
P(kN)
,
60
,
70
,
80
90
Shear stress at A
INT.J.ADHESION A N D A D H E S I V E S 71
20[
i
.
15r]
J
t
10
z
i
;
Fig. 18
!
l
lo
oi
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
P (kN)
Fig. 16
Shearstress at B
Fig. 17
the free end o f the plate to the interior concrete o f the beam
Example
moment,
equal to 0.14 N/ram 2 and the force APe = 6.7 kN. I f a total
stress o f 1.5 N / m m 2 is allowed, then the anchoring length
I00
72 INT.J.ADHESION A N D A D H E S I V E S
Author
Professor Van Gemert is with Department Constructie
Afdeling Bouwkunde, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven,
de Croylaan 2, 3030 Haverlee, Belgium.