Gas Carrying Capacity of House Piping

Gas Carrying Capacity Diagram - Cubic Feet per Hour

Gas Carrying Capacity Diagram - Cubic Meter per Hour

Gas Carrying Capacity Table - Cubic Feet per Hour

Gas Carrying Capacities for House Piping (cubic feet per hour)
Nominal Diameter of Pipes (inches)
Length of pipe (feet)

2-Jan

4-Mar

1 1/4

1 1/2

15

76

172

345

750

1220

2480

6500

13880

38700

79000

30

52

120

241

535

850

1780

4700

9700

27370

55850

45

43

99

199

435

700

1475

3900

7900

23350

45600

60

38

86

173

380

610

1290

3450

6800

19330

39500

75

77

155

345

545

1120

3000

6000

17310

35300

90

70

141

310

490

1000

2700

5500

15800

32250

105

65

131

285

450

920

2450

5100

14620

29850

120

120

270

420

860

2300

4800

13680

27920

150

109

242

380

780

2090

4350

12240

25000

180

100

225

350

720

1950

4000

11160

22800

210

205

320

660

1780

3700

10330

21100

240

190

300

620

1680

3490

9600

19740

270

178

285

580

1580

3250

9000

18660

300

170

270

545

1490

3000

8500

17660

450

140

226

450

1230

2500

7000

14420

600

119

192

390

1030

2130

6000

12480

The table can be used for low pressure gas with specific gravity 0.6. The pressure drop is 0.3 inches of water for the whole length of pipe.

Gases - Critical Temperatures and Pressures

A substance can not exist as a fluid above the Critical Temperature
The pressure of saturated vapor at critical temperature is the Critical Pressure
Critical temperature

Critical pressure

Boiling temperature

Substance

(oF)

(oC)

(psi)
(lb/sq.in)

(atm)

Air
Alcohol (C2H6O)

-220

-140

573

39

421

216

956

65

172.4

78

Ammonia (NH3)

1691

115

-27.4

-33

(oF)

(oC)

266

130

Benzol (C6H6)

554

292

735

50

176

80

Carbon-dioxide (CO2)

88,2

31

1132

77

-110

-79

Carbon-monoxide (CO)
Ether (C4H10O)

-222

-141

528

35.9

-310

-190

381.2

194

544

37

95

35

Hydrogen (H)

-402

-242

294

20

-423

-253

Nitrogen (N)
Oxygen (O2)

-236

-149

514

35

-321

-195

-180

-118

735

50

-297

-183

Water (H2O)

706-716

375-380

3,200

217.8

212

100

Gases - Explosive and Flammability Concentration Limits

The flammable (explosive) range is the range of a gas or vapor concentration that will burn or explode if an ignition source is introduced. Limiting concentrations are commonly called the "Lower Explosive or
Flammable Limit" (LEL/LFL) and the "Upper Explosive or Flammable Limit" (UEL/UFL). Below the explosive or flammable limit the mixture is too lean to burn and above the upper explosive or flammable limit is
too rich to burn.
The lower and upper explosion concentration limits for some common gases may be found in the table below. Some of the gases are common as fuel.

"Lower
"Upper
Explosive or Explosive or
Flammable Flammable
Limit"
Limit"
Fuel Gas

(LEL/LFL)

(UEL/UFL)

(%)

(%)

Acetaldehyde

60

Acetone

2.6

12.8

Acetylene

2.2

85

Ammonia

15

28

Arsine

5.1

78

Benzene

1.3

7.1

Butane

1.8

8.4

Butylene

1.98

9.65

Carbon Disulfide

1.3

50

Carbon Monoxide

12

75

Cyclohexane

1.3

Cyclopropane

2.4

10.4

Diethyl Ether

1.9

36

Ethane

12.4

Ethylene

2.7

36

Ethyl Alcohol

3.3

19

Ethyl Chloride

3.8

15.4

Fuel Oil No.1

0.7

Hydrogen

75

Isobutane

1.8

9.6

Isobutene

1.8

Isooctane

0.79

5.94

Isopentane

1.32

9.16

Isopropyl Alcohol

12

Gasoline

1.4

7.6

Kerosine

0.7

Methane

15

Methyl Alcohol

6.7

36
17.4

Methyl Chloride

10.7

Methyl Ethyl Ketone

1.8

10

Naphthalene

0.9

5.9

n-Heptane

1.05

6.7

n-Hexane

1.1

7.5

n-Pentene

1.65

7.7

Neopentane

1.38

7.22

Neohexane

1.19

7.58

Pentane

1.5

7.8

Propane

2.1

10.1

Propylene

11.1

Silane

1.5

98

Styrene

1.1

6.1

Toluene

1.2

7.1

Triptane

1.08

6.69

p-Xylene

1.1

Note! The limits are for gas, air and oxygen at 20oC and atmospheric pressure.
It is important that the area where flammable gases are stored are well ventilated. When designing the ventilation system, be aware of the specific gravity of the gas. The gas mixture is not
homogeneous. A light gas will concentrate along the ceiling. A heavy gas will concentrate along the floor.
Ventilation, natural or mechanical, must be sufficient to limit the concentration of flammable gases or vapors to a maximum level of 25% of their "Lower Explosive or Flammable Limit"
(LEL/LFL).
Minimum ventilation required: 1 cfm/sq.ft.
Recommended ventilation: 2 cfm/sq.ft or 12 air changes per hour - half the air supplied and exhausted near the ceiling and half the air supplied and exhausted near the floor

Gases - Specific Gravities

The specific gravity of some common gases can be found in the table below:
Specific Gravity1)
Gas
Acetylene (ethyne) - C2H2

- SG -

Air
Ammonia - NH3

1.000

Argon - Ar

1.38

Arsine
Benzene - C6H6

2.6961

1)

0.90
0.59
2.69

Blast Furnace gas

Butadiene - C4H6

1.02

Butane - C4H10

2.0061

1-Butene (Butylene)- C4H8

1.94

Isobutene - C4H8

1.94

Carbon dioxide - CO2

1.5189

Carbon monoxide - CO

0.9667

Carbureted Water Gas

Chlorine - Cl2

2.486

Coke Oven Gas

0.44

1.87

0.63

Cyclobutane

1.938

Cyclopentane

2.422

Cyclopropane

1.451

Decane
Deutrium - D2

4.915
0.070

Digestive Gas (Sewage or Biogas)

Ethane - C2H6

1.0378

0.8

Ethyl Chloride - C2H5Cl

2.23

Ethylene (Ethene) - C2H4

0.9683

Fluorine

1.31

Helium - He

0.138

Heptanes

3.459

Hexane

2.973

Hydrogen

0.0696

Hydrogen chloride - HCl

Hydrogen sulfide - H2S

1.1763

1.268

Isobutane

2.01

Isopentane

2.48

Krypton
Methane - CH4

2.89
0.5537

Methyl Chloride

1.74

Natural Gas (typical)

0.60 - 0.70

Neon

0.697

Nitric oxide - NO
Nitrogen - N2 (pure)

1.037
0.9669

Nitrogen - N2 (atmospheric)

0.9723

Nitrous oxide - N2O

1.530

Nonane

4.428

Octane
Oxygen - O2

1.1044

3.944

Ozone

1.660

Pentane

2.487

Phosgene
Propane - C3H8

1.39
1.5219

Propene (Propylene) - C3H6

1.4523

Sasol

0.42

Silane
Sulfur Dioxide - SO2

2.264

Toluene-Methylbenzene

3.1082

1.11

Water Gas (bituminous)

0.71

Water Vapor

0.6218

Xenon

4.53

1) NTP - Normal Temperature and Pressure - is defined as air at 20oC (293.15 K, 68oF) and 1 atm ( 101.325 kN/m2, 101.325 kPa, 14.7 psia, 0 psig, 30 in Hg, 760 torr)
Since specific gravity is the ratio between the density (mass per unit volume) of the actual gas and the density of air, specific gravity has no dimension.

Gases and Densities

Densities, molecular weight and chemical formulas of some common gases can be found in the table below:
Molecular
Gas
Acetylene (ethyne)

Formula
C2 H2

Air

weight
26
29

Density - kg/m3

lbm/ft3

1.0921)

0.06821)

1.1702)

0.07292)

1.2051)

0.07521)

1.293

2)

0.08062)

0.717

1)

0.04481)

Ammonia

NH3

17.031

0.7692)

0.04802)

Argon

Ar
C6 H6

39.948

1.661

0.10371)

Benzene

78.11

Blast furnace gas

1)

3.486

0.20643

1.2502)

0.07802)

2.489

0.15541)

1)

Butane

C4H10

58.1

2.5

Butylene (Butene)

C4 H8

56.11

2.504

0.1482)

1.842

1)

0.11501)

1.977

2)

0.12342)

1.1651)

0.07271)

1.250

0.07802)

Carbon dioxide

CO2

Carbon disulphide
Carbon monoxide
Carbureted Water Gas

44.01

0.1562)

2)

76.13
CO

28.01

2)

0.048

Chlorine

Cl2

70.906

2.9941)

Coke Oven Gas

0.0342)

Combustion products

1.11

2)

Cyclohexane

0.0692)

84.16

Digester Gas (Sewage or Biogas)

Ethane

0.18691)

0.062
C2 H6

Ethyl Alcohol

30.07

1.264

1)

0.07891)

46.07

Ethyl Chloride

64.52

Ethylene

C2 H4

28.03

1.2602)

0.07862)

Helium

He

4.02

0.16641)

0.010391)

0.08992)

0.00562)

36.5

1.5281)

0.09541)

34.076

1.434

1)

0.08951)

0.668

1)

0.04171)

0.717

2)

0.04472)

N-Heptane

100.2

Hexane
Hydrogen

86.17
H2

Hydrochloric Acid
Hydrogen Chloride
Hydrogen Sulfide
Methane

2.016
36.47

HCl
H2 S
CH4

16.043

Methyl Alcohol

32.04

Methyl Butane

72.15

Methyl Chloride

50.49

Natural gas

19.5

Neon

Ne

20.179

Nitric oxide

NO

30

Nitrogen

N2

28.02

Nitrogen Dioxide

NO2

46.006

Nitrous Oxide

N2 O

44.013

Nitrous Trioxide

NO3

62.005

N-Octane

0.7 - 0.92)

0.044 0.0562)
0.052

1.249

1)

0.07801)

1.165

1)

0.07271)

1.2502)

0.07802)

114.22

Oxygen

O2

Ozone

O3

N-Pentane

32

0.114
1.3311)

0.08311)

1.4292)

0.08922)

48

0.125

72.15

Iso-Pentane

72.15

Propane

C3 H8

44.09

1.8821)

0.11751)

Propene (propylene)

C3 H6

42.1

1.7481)

0.10911)

R-11

137.37

R-12

120.92

R-22

86.48

R-114

170.93

R-123

152.93

R-134a

102.03

Sasol
Sulfur

0.032
S

32.06

0.135
2.2791)

0.17031)

2.9262)

0.18282)

Sulfur Dioxide

SO2

64.06

Sulfur Trioxide

SO3

80.062

Sulfuric Oxide

SO
C7 H8

48.063

Toluene

92.141

4.111

0.2435

Water Vapor

H2 O

18.016

0.804

0.048

Water gas (bituminous)

0.054

1) NTP - Normal Temperature and Pressure - is defined as air at 20oC (293.15 K, 68oF) and 1 atm ( 101.325 kN/m2, 101.325 kPa, 14.7 psia, 0 psig, 30 in Hg, 760 torr)
2) STP - Standard Temperature and Pressure - is defined as air at 0oC (273.15 K, 32oF) and 1 atm (101.325 kN/m2, 101.325 kPa, 14.7 psia, 0 psig, 30 in Hg, 760 torr)
1 lb/ft3 = 16.018 kg/m3
1 kg/m3 = 0.0624 lb/ft3

Ideal Gas Properties Carbon Dioxide

Enthalpy, Entropy and Internal Energy of Carbon Dioxide - CO2 - are indicated below.

Ideal Gas Properties of Nitrogen

Enthalpy
Internal Energy
Absolute Entropy at standard reference pressure
for Nitrogen - N2 - for temperatures ranging 0 - 3000 K, are indicated in the diagram below .

Ideal Gas Properties Oxygen

Enthalpy, Internal Energy and Entropy of Oxygen - O2 - are indicated below.

Liquefied Natural Gas - LNG

LNG is natural gas that has been cooled down to condensate at -161oC (-258oF).
The natural gas consists primarily of methane. Impurities and heavy hydrocarbons from the gaseous fossil fuel are removed before the cooling process.
The density of LNG is roughly in the range 410 to 500 kg/m3. The volume of the liquid is approximately 1/600 of the gaseous volume at atmospheric conditions.

Liquefied Petroleum Gas - LPG

LPG is a hydrocarbon mixture in either the liquid or gaseous state where the main components consists of
propane - C3H8
propylene (propene) - C3H8
isobutane - C4H10
n-butane - C4H10
butylene (butene) - C4H8
Liquefied Petroleum gas - LPG - is gaseous under normal atmospheric conditions, but liquefied by cooling and/or compression.
LPG is used as industrial fuel for domestic and commercial purposes like town gas and autogas. LPG is also used as feedstock in chemicals plant processes.

LPG - Tanks and Relief Valves Capacities

The diagrams below can be used to indicate required relief capacity of relief valves on LPG - Liquefied Petroleum Gas - aboveground and belowground tanks and vaporizers.

Area - square feet - Flow rate - cfm air

Area - m2 - Flow rate - l/s air

Natural Gas - Pipe Sizing

Sizing low pressure natural gas pipe lines
The tables below can be used for natural gas pipe sizing.

Steel Pipe - Schedule 40

Capacity of Pipe (kW)
Pipe Size

Pipe Length (m)

(in)

12

24

50

2-Jan

41

28

19

13

4-Mar

86

59

40

28

19

161

110

76

52

35

1 1/4

331

228

155

108

72

1 1/2

495

340

235

161

108

956

655

450

310

210

2 1/2

1520

1045

720

495

330

2690

1850

1270

875

590

5490

3775

2595

1780

1200

9935

6830

4695

3225

2170

16090

11055

7600

5220

3510

33050

22715

15615

10730

7210

pressure less than 10 kPa

fittings factor 1.5 - equivalent pipe length = pipe length + 50%

pressure drop 125 Pa
energy content in natural gas 37 MJ/m 3
Copper Tubing - type K
Capacity of Pipe (kW)
Nominal Pipe Size (O.D)
(in)

Pipe Length (m)

3

12

24

1/4 (3/8)

3/8 (1/2)

13

1/2 (5/8)

26

18

12

5/8 (3/4)

46

31

21

15

3/4 (7/8)

65

45

31

21

1 (1 1/8)

140

96

66

45

1 1/4 (1 3/8)

250

170

119

82

pressure less than 10 kPa

fittings factor 1.5 - equivalent pipe length = pipe length + 50%
pressure drop 125 Pa
energy content in natural gas 37 MJ/m3

Copper Tubing - type L

Capacity of Pipe (kW)
Nominal Pipe Size (O.D)
(in)

Pipe Length (m)

3

12

24

1/4 (3/8)

3/8 (1/2)

15

10

1/2 (5/8)

29

20

13

5/8 (3/4)

49

33

23

16

3/4 (7/8)

75

51

35

24

1 (1 1/8)

150

104

71

49

1 1/4 (1 3/8)

260

180

124

85

pressure less than 10 kPa

fittings factor 1.5 - equivalent pipe length = pipe length + 50%
pressure drop 125 Pa
energy content in natural gas 37 MJ/m3

Natural Gas Consumption

Approximate natural gas demand for common appliances can be found in the table below.
Heat
Dissipated
Natural Gas Consumption
(m3/s
Type of Consumer

(ft /h)

x 10-6)

(liter/s)

(Btu/hour)

(kW)

10 gal boiling pan

45

350

0.35

44000

13

20 gal boiling pan

60

475

0.48

61000

18

30 gal boiling pan

75

600

0.6

75000

22

40 gal boiling pan

90

700

0.7

88000

26

4 ft hot cupboard

48

375

0.38

48000

14

6 ft hot cupboard

54

425

0.43

54000

16

Steaming oven

40 - 60

300 - 400

0.30 - 0.40

37000 51000

15-Nov

Steaming oven, double

100000

30

Small broiler

30000

Large broiler

61000

18

Boiler and roaster, combined

68000

20
15

2-tier roasting oven

100

800

0.8

50

400

0.4

51000
68000

20

Double oven range

400

3200

3.2

390000

115

Roasting oven

30

240

0.24

30000

Gas cooker

75

600

0.6

68000

20

Hot cupboard

17

140

0.14

17000

Drying cupboard

40

0.04

5100

1.5

Gas iron heater

40

0.04

5100

1.5

Washing machine

20

150

0.15

20000

0.23 - 0.40

27000 51000

15-Aug

Doughnut fryer

Clothes dryer - domestic

Wash Boiler

35000

30 - 50

230 - 400

Furnace

120000

Gas Refrigerator

3000

Fireplace Gas Log

80000

Barbecue grill - residential

51000

15

Bunsen burner small

20

0.02

3500

Bunsen burner large

10

80

0.08

10000

17000

Coffee maker 3 burner

10000

Gas engine per horsepower

Glue kettle

10

80

0.08

10000

Gas dryer

35000

Forge

15

115

0.12

14000

Brazing heart

30

230

0.23

30000

Storage water heater, 30 - 40 gallon (115

- 150 liter)

35000

Storage water heater, 50 gallon (115 190 liter)

50000

Domestic standard gas range

70000

1 kW = 3,412 Btu/h

Natural Gas Meter Capacities

Different types of natural gas meters and their capacities
Metering capacities of common natural gas meters are indicated in the diagram below:

Natural Gas Pipe Size Calculator

Calculate the capacity of natural gas pipe lines
The capacity of a low pressure natural gas (less than 1 psi) pipe line can be calculated with the Spitzglass formula like

q = 3550 k ( h / l SG)1/2
where

q = natural gas flow capacity (cfh)

h = pressure drop (in Water Column)
l = length of pipe (ft)
k = [d5/(1 + 3.6/d + 0.03 d)]1/2
d = inside diameter pipe (in)
SG = specific gravity
For natural gas the nominal BTU/cf varies from about 900 to 1100 BTU/cf. In general it is common to set
1 Cubic Foot (CF) = approx 1,000 BTUs
1 CFH = 1 MBH
The specific gravity of natural gas varies from 0.55 to 1.0.
The downstream pressure in a houseline after the meter/regulator is in general in the range of 7 to 11 inches Water Column, or about 1/4 psi.

Example - Natural Gas Pipe Capacity

The capacity of a 100 ft natural gas pipe with a nominal diameter 0.5 inches (actual ID 0.622 in) and 0.5 in. WC pressure drop can be calculated as
k = [0.6225/(1 + 3.6/0.622 + 0.03 0.622)]1/2
= 0.117
q = 3550 0.117 ( 0.5 / 100 0.60 )1/2
= 37.9 cfh
The specific gravity of the natural gas is set to 0.60.

Pressure Converter
The table below can be used to convert gas pressure from kPa to psi or inches of water or mercury:
Equivalent Pressure
Water

Mercury

Pound per
square inch

kPa

(inches)

(inches)

(psi)

0.002

0.01

0.007

0.0036

0.05

0.2

0.015

0.0072

0.07

0.3

0.022

0.0108

0.1

0.4

0.029

0.0145

0.12

0.5

0.037

0.0181

0.15

0.6

0.044

0.0217

0.17

0.7

0.051

0.0253

0.19

0.8

0.059

0.0289

0.22

0.9

0.066

0.0325

0.25

0.074

0.036

0.3

1.4

0.1

0.049

0.4

1.7

0.128

0.067
0.072

0.5

0.147

0.72

2.8

0.203

0.1

0.76

0.221

0.109

0.294

0.144

1.2

0.368

0.181

1.5

0.442

0.217

1.7

0.515

0.253

0.588

0.289

2.2

0.662

0.325

2.5

10

0.74

0.361

2.7

11

0.81

0.397

12

0.88

0.433

3.2

13

0.96

0.469

3.37

13.6

0.491

3.4

13.9

1.02

0.5

3.5

14

1.06

0.505

3.7

15

1.1

0.542

16

1.18

0.578

4.2

17

1.25

0.614

4.5

18

1.33

0.65

4.7

19

1.4

0.686

20

1.47

0.722

6.2

25

1.84

0.903

6.7

27.2

0.975

6.9

27.7

2.03

Pressure Drop in Vacuum Pipe Lines

Air Flow - scfm - and Pressure Drop - in Hg/100ft -

The diagram is based on initial vacuum pressure 20 in Hg (67%) and steel pipes schedule 40.
1 in Hg = 3.37 kPa
1 scfm = 0.472 nl/s

Air Flow - nl/s - and Pressure Drop - kPa/100m -

Propane - Air Mixture

Energy content and specific gravity of propane - air mixtures
Energy Content - Btu/cu ft

Energy Content - kJ/Nm3

Latent heat of propane vaporization

The diagram below indicates the latent heat of propane vaporization.

The evaporation pressure of a Propane Butane mixture

It is common to distribute a mixture of propane (C3H8) and butane (C4H10) (LPG) for combustion purposes.
Propane is more suited to colder environments since it evaporates at -44oF (-42oC) at atmospheric pressure. Butane evaporates at 33oF (-0.5 oC) at atmospheric pressure.
The vapor pressure of a mixture of the two products can be found in the table below:
Vapor Pressure (psig)
Propane
(C3H8)
(%)
Butane
(C4H10)

100

70

50

30

Mixture

(%)

30

50

70

100

Temperature

-44

(oF)

-30

6.8

-20

11.5

4.7

-10

17.5

3.5

24.5

15

7.6

2.3

10

34

20.5

12.3

5.9

20

42

28

17.8

10.2

30

53

36.5

24.5

15.4

40

65

46

32.4

21.5

3.1

50

78

56

41

28.5

6.9

60

93

68

50

36.5

11.5

70

110

82

61

45

17

80

128

96

74

54

23

90

150

114

88

66

30

100

177

134

104

79

38

110

204

158

122

93

47

Note that the evaporation temperature is not the only parameter that influence on the evaporation of the propane butane mixture. The evaporation requires heat and if the heat transfer to
the liquid gas is limited the liquid will be under cooled and the evaporation reduced. Larger consumes requires in general heat exchangers fueled with hot water, electric heater or
combustion of the propane butane mix itself. Smaller amounts of consumption requires containers with efficient heat transfer. By example composite container provides less heat transfer
compared with steel containers.

Propane Butane Mix Vapor Diagram - psig

Propane Butane Mix Vapor Diagram - bar

Propane Gas - Pipe Sizing

Sizing low pressure propane gas pipe lines - metric units
The tables below can be used for propane gas pipe sizing.

Steel Pipe - Schedule 40

Capacity of Pipe (kW)

Pipe Size

Pipe Length (m)

(in)

12

24

50

2-Jan

70

48

33

22

15

4-Mar

145

100

69

47

32

274

188

130

89

60

1 1/4

560

387

265

182

123

1 1/2

840

580

400

274

184

1625

1117

768

527

354

2 1/2

2590

1780

1223

841

565

4580

3145

2160

1487

1000

9340

6415

4410

3030

2040

16900

11615

7980

5485

3690

27360

18800

12920

8880

5970

56220

38640

26560

18250

12270

pressure less than 10 kPa

fittings factor 1.5 - equivalent pipe length = pipe length + 50%

pressure drop 125 Pa

energy content in propane gas 94 MJ/m3

Copper Tubing - type K

Capacity of Pipe (kW)

Nominal Pipe Size (O.D)

Pipe Length (m)

(in)

12

24

1/4 (3/8)

11

3/8 (1/2)

22

15

11

1/2 (5/8)

45

31

21

15

5/8 (3/4)

79

54

37

26

3/4 (7/8)

112

77

53

36

1 (1 1/8)

239

165

113

77

1 1/4 (1 3/8)

430

295

203

140

pressure less than 10 kPa

fittings factor 1.5 - equivalent pipe length = pipe length + 50%
pressure drop 125 Pa
energy content in propane gas 94 MJ/m3

Copper Tubing - type L

Capacity of Pipe (kW)
Nominal Pipe Size (O.D)

Pipe Length (m)

(in)

1/4 (3/8)

12

3/8 (1/2)

26

1/2 (5/8)

50

5/8 (3/4)
3/4 (7/8)
1 (1 1/8)
1 1/4 (1 3/8)

12

24

18

12

34

23

16

83

57

39

27

128

88

60

41

258

177

122

83

450

308

211

145

pressure less than 10 kPa

fittings factor 1.5 - equivalent pipe length = pipe length + 50%
pressure drop 125 Pa
energy content in propane gas 94 MJ/m3

Propane Gas - Pipe Sizing

Sizing pipes with propane gas - for pressure above 5 psig (35 kPa)
The tables below can be used for sizing propane gas pipes with pressure above 5 psig (35 kPa).

Capacity of 100 ft Steel Pipe Schedule 40 (MBH)

Pressure

Pipe Dimension (in)

Upstream

Downstream

(psig)

(psig)

2-Jan

4-Mar

1 1/4

1 1/2

2 1/2

9.5

606

1265

2385

4896

7335

14126

22514

39800

81180

146870

10
9
8
7
6
5

875

1830

3550

7083

10612

20439

32576

57590

117460

212500

8.5

590

1239

2330

4785

7170

13810

22011

38910

79367

143590

8.1

810

1690

3190

6550

9810

18892

30112

53231

108575

196430

7.6

510

1070

2020

4150

6215

11969

19076

33723

68785

124440

7.2

741

1550

2925

6006

8999

17330

27622

48830

99598

180190

6.6

500

1046

1971

4050

6064

11678

18615

32904

67113

121420

6.3

675

1410

2658

5460

8178

15748

25100

44370

90500

163730

5.7

419

875

1647

3380

5064

9750

15550

27481

56053

101400

5.4

605

1268

2387

4998

7339

14140

22530

39826

81233

146960

4.7

407

850

1603

3290

4930

9490

15130

26748

54560

98710

4.5

536

1120

2110

4325

6481

12480

19890

35166

71730

129770

inlet upstream pressure is more than 35 kPa (5 psig)

one MBH is equivalent to 1000 BTU's per hour
fittings factor 1.2 - equivalent pipe length = pipe length + 20%
1 CFM 2.54 MBH

Propane Gas Pipe Capacity Diagram - 10% Pressure Drop