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POLYTECHNIC

UNIVERSITY OF TLAXCALA
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
ENGLISH 6
PROJECT
GETTING BIODIESEL
ADRIANA MAIDELE HERNANDEZ BADILLO
IT PRESENTS
6A
26/05/15

Abstract
What is Biodiesel?
Biofuels are fuels of biological origin obtained renewably from organic waste.
They reduce the total volume of CO 2 emitted into the atmosphere as they absorb as they grow and emit
almost the same amount as conventional fuels when burned.
Biodiesel
Biodiesel can be obtained from various sources:

From oil plants, such as safflower or sunflower.


From animal fat.
Of food oils.

Biodiesel can be used by any diesel vehicle, as its composition and characteristics are very similar to
those of fossil diesel. Its main use is as an additive to fossil diesel because it helps to reduce emissions of
pollutants such as carbon monoxide and volatile hydrocarbons.
It is a fuel composed of monoalkyl esters of long chain fatty acids derived from renewable lipids such as
vegetable oils; employed and compression ignition engines and also in boilers. The percentage of
biodiesel present in the esters is set to international standards.
This biofuel is identified as FAME (for its acronym in English Fatty Acid Methyl Ester) or also called methyl
ester.
The term bio refers to its renewable and biological nature in contrast to traditional petroleum-based diesel
fuel; for its part, refers to use diesel engines of this type. Biodiesel replaced as clean and renewable fuel
to petroleum products, particularly diesel and does so with environmental benefit by reducing emissions of
gases that cause the greenhouse effect.
For example, use of a ton of biodiesel, prevents the production of 2.5 tons of carbon dioxide (CO2) and
especially deleted if biodiesel is used only in engines, emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO2) diesel avoiding
acid rain.
In addition, it is essential: it is a renewable and finite fuel as hydrocarbons.
Numerous countries implementing the use of biodiesel as an energy source; mainly produced from
vegetable oils.

Advantages of biodiesel

It contains not sulfur and therefore generates no emissions of this element, which are responsible
for acid rain.
Better combustion, reducing visible smoke in the boot 30%.
Reduce emissions of CO2, CO, particulates and aromatic hydrocarbons.
Spills of this fuel in the waters of rivers and seas are less polluting and lethal to marine flora and
fauna than fossil fuels.
Dumps the environment degrade more quickly than petrocombustibles.
Its combustion produces less than traditional fuels harmful elements.
It is less irritating to human skin.
acts as engine lubricant prolonging its life.
The transport and storage is safer than the petroderivados because it has a higher flash point. Pure
biodiesel has a flash point of 148 C to 51 C scarce diesel.

Background and Features


Vegetable oils are used as fuel for more than 100 years ago when Rudolph Diesel developed the diesel
was first run with vegetable oil in 1911 machine.

In 1912 Rudolph Diesel proved peanut oil in their compression ignition engine and said: "The use of
vegetable oils for engine fuels may be insignificant today, but the oils can in the course of time as
important as petroleum and coal tar products of the present time. "
Biodiesel is an alternative fuel for diesel oil is primarily produced by a reaction called transesterification;
held between an oil and an alcohol in the presence of a catalyst, to obtain the mono-alkyl esters and
glycerol, which are then separated and purified.
Transesterification was known in the early 1846 when preparing Rochieder described by ethanolysis
glycol castor oil.
Many units refining plants have been transformed edible oils for biodiesel production. However, production
costs are still quite high due to supply difficulties and high content of free fatty acids. In addition, byproducts produced during the production of biodiesel they need further treatment.
Biodiesel characteristics are:

Clean fuel.
It is biodegradable.
Non-toxic.
High lubricity.
Free of sulfur and aromatics.

The biodiesel is an oxygenated fuel, so it has complete combustion compared to petroleum diesel and
produces less greenhouse gases. It has a relatively high flash point (150C) which makes it less volatile
than petroleum diesel and is safer to transport.
Materials for production: laboratory level
2 beakers (250 ml)
50 ml of oil (can be recycled after having used on food)
20 ml of methyl alcohol
0.5 g of sodium hydroxide
1 burner
1 trpoide
1 wire with adbesto
1 glass rod
1 Thermometer
1 funnel
1 Universal support
1 wash bottle
1 quift
1 rack agitation
Experimental procedure

First you must mount the instruments in both heating (burner, tripod and fabric) as the settling
(funnel support and handle).
In another vessel 0.5 g of sodium hydroxide are dissolved in 20 ml of ethyl alcohol, forming
monoxide.
The oil is heated to 50C to 60C
The hot oil is poured into the glass monoxide, the mixture is stirred with a shaking grate, and a
magnetic stirrer.
The agitation is stopped and allowed to stand for at least 12 hours in the funnel.
Since finishing process can be observed that two phases are formed, at the top (amber) is
biodiesel and bottom (whitish) glycerol with any impurities. The separation of the same will be done
by decantation.
Identification methods biodiesel. Infrared Spectroscopy.
Infrared spectroscopy (IR) allows understanding that occurs intramolecularly conversion in the
transesterification process of acylglycerides. To this end the IR spectra of the AR and AD oils,
shown in Figures rose.

Prototype chart

3
8

1
5

Prototype

MATERIALS
Reactor Pressure sensor
1
Oil container
Resistance 1400W 2
methoxide
container
3
6 mouse
tails and pin
Pipeline
4
Support 1 Boat galvanized sheet
5 20 Lt
Cord
6
Pumps 1 Carboy20 Lt
7
Ajitador 6 Dupon y 1 LM 35 8
Control panel
9
12 screws
Welding

Costs of biodiesel
The cost of biodiesel
depending on how it
elements that are

Costs of raw

COST $
145.00
230.00
119.50

materials

120.00
50.00
40.00
100.00

3 m cord H,O
1 disk D / short metal
Double sheet
court y 3.2 KG de laun Neg
l.20
Nipple * 8 and a tank valve
R3 / 4

30.00
35.00
150.00
68.00

Drive
3 pumps
Control Panel
Blade, sand, drill,
2 Vessels
Screws, clamps
Cord connection 10m
Total

105
600.00
700.00
185.00
60.00
300.00
100.00
3218.50

81.00

varies widely
is produced and the
used to produce it.

materials

Conclusin
The construction of the protype was a great at met adventage of using biodisel as now it is a clean an
renewble tuel , other poin that experimentation established consideral the physical desing of the prototype
allo goog perturmanie this.
this project has left us a great experience why we make fuel from vegetable oils.

Reference
http://www.sefome.gob.mx/foroenergiacolima/Foro%20de%20Energia/pdf16072010/SOLBEN.pdf
http://www.bioenergeticos.gob.mx/index.php/biodiesel/costos-del-proceso-de-produccion.html
Dincer K. Lower emissions from biodiesel combustion. Energy Sources Part A. 3096330968. (2008)
Standard specification for biodiesel fuel blend stock (B100) for middle distillate fuels. Report no. D6751-08. ASTM.
(2008).
www.riieeme.mx/docs/tesismoraymabiodiesel2.pdf

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