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AbstractA compact coplanar waveguide (CPW) monopole antenna is presented, comprising a fractal radiating patch in which
a folded T-shaped element (FTSE) is embedded. The impedance
match of the antenna is determined by the number of fractal unit
cells, and the FTSE provides the necessary band-notch functionality. The filtering property can be tuned finely by controlling of
length of FTSE. Inclusion of a pair of rectangular notches in the
ground plane is shown to extend the antennas impedance bandwidth for ultrawideband (UWB) performance. The antennas parameters were investigated to fully understand their affect on the
antenna. Salient parameters obtained from this analysis enabled
the optimization of the antennas overall characteristics. Experimental and simulation results demonstrate that the antenna exhibits the desired VSWR level and radiation patterns across the
entire UWB frequency range. The measured results showed the
antenna operates over a frequency band between 2.9411.17 GHz
with fractional bandwidth of 117% for
, except at the
notch band between 3.34.2 GHz. The antenna has dimensions of
14 18 1 mm .
Index TermsBand-notch, coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed,
fractal, monopole antennas, ultrawideband (UWB) applications.
I. INTRODUCTION
NASER-MOGHADASI et al.: UWB CPW-FED FRACTAL PATCH ANTENNA WITH BAND-NOTCHED FUNCTION EMPLOYING FTSE
505
unit cells, the antennas impedance bandwidth is enhanced. Rejection band functionality is achieved by the folded T-shaped
element that is attached to the fractal patch. Controlling the
length of the folded T-shaped element is important for tuning
the frequency of the notch band. By optimizing the length of
the folded T-shaped structures arms, WiMAX (IEEE802.16,
3.33.7 GHz) and C-band satellite communication at downlink (3.74.2 GHz) are filtered from UWB band. The proposed
method is validated through simulation and practical measurement. Detail of the antenna design and comparison between the
experimental and simulation results are presented.
II. ANTENNA DESIGN
The configuration and parameters of the CPW-fed fractal antenna are shown in Fig. 1. The antenna is printed on commercial dielectric substrate FR4 with a thickness of 1 mm,
of 0.024, and relative permittivity of 4.4. The substrate dimensions are
, and the feedline has a width
mm, which corresponds to a characteristic impedance of 50 ,
and
mm. The feedline is tapered to optimize the
impedance matching to the antennas fractal tree patch [7].
The fabricated CPW-fed antenna consists of a fractal
patch with an array of fractal unit cells oriented to resemble
the branches of a tree and includes a symmetrically placed
folded T-shape element. The antennas rectangular ground
plane is etched on the same side as the patch. The process of
ground-plane modification consists of curving the rectangular
ground plane at the top and cutting out rectangular-shaped
slots from its sides, as illustrated in Fig. 2. This modification
to the ground plane enhances the matching characteristics
between the patch and the feedline, which results in the antenna
exhibiting UWB performance.
To achieve band-notch property by the antenna in the
WiMAX band, the FTSE structure is added to the antennas
fractal patch. The FTSE structures dimensions dictate the
band notch and the filtering performance of the antenna. Fig. 2
depicts the steps used to develop the antenna, namely the
following.
506
Fig. 7. Surface current distribution at notch frequency of 3.6 GHz for Ant. 3.
for Ant. 3.
Fig. 8. Measured and simulated VSWR response for Ant. 2 and Ant. 3. Inset
is the photograph of the two antennas.
Fig. 6. Simulated VSWR curves for Ant. 3 as a function FTSE arm lengths for
) of 5.5 mm.
fixed arm width (
NASER-MOGHADASI et al.: UWB CPW-FED FRACTAL PATCH ANTENNA WITH BAND-NOTCHED FUNCTION EMPLOYING FTSE
507
IV. CONCLUSION
3.34.2 GHz, however it gradually increases with rise in frequency. The measured H-plane and E-plane radiation patterns
of the final antenna at 3.6, 6, and 10 GHz are shown in Fig. 10.
The H-plane radiation pattern results show that the proposed antenna is characterized by omnidirectional pattern for all in-band
frequencies with cross polarization down by more than 27 dB.
Although the E-plane radiation is bidirectional, it becomes increasingly omnidirectional with increase in frequency. In the
E-plane, the cross polarization is down by around 27 dB.