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the Greek roots skhizein (σχίζειν, "to split") and phrēn, phren- (φρήν, φρεν-; "mind")
meaning split mind. Schizophrenia is the most common form of psychosis occurring in
young adulthood with approximately 0.5 per cent and 1 per cent of population (NHS
Centre for Reviews and Dissemination), usually marked by some ‘positive’ symptoms
such as delusions, hallucinations, and a ‘split’ between thought and emotion of a person,
as if the thought and emotion were no longer contact with each other. Normally are
depression, apathy and social withdrawal (Andreasen & Olsen 1982; Crow, 1985). If a
patient of Schizophrenia is told that anything sad happened to his/her family, he/she may
just smile or show no emotion at all. This is because emotional of the patient was affected
and become blunted and very inappropriate. Individuals with a severe and enduring
illness often require hospitalization, followed by periods during which intrinsic negative
symptoms compromise life quality (NHS Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, 1999).
Although scientists know that genes are not destiny, but still it is one of the important
social processes. Still a person may have some of the genes that are associated will
increased risk of mental illness, and according to research suggests that only if a person is
exposed to specific environmental factors and perceived stresses do the genes become
active and thereby further increase the risk for, or trigger, the illness. There is no specific
amount of genetic or environmental input that has been identified that will ensure
begin planning for your mental health. Research now shows that in mental health
grandeur and persecution. However, paranoid schizophrenia also hallucinates, and their
delusions are more bizarre and unconvincing than those in a delusional disorder.
Thinking that their minds are being controlled by God, the government, or ‘cosmic rays
from space,’ or that someone is trying to poison them, people suffering from paranoid
schizophrenia may feel forces into violence to ‘protect’ themselves. (DSM code
almost complete: Emotions, speech, and behavior are highly disorganized. The result is
Chances of improvement are limited, and social impairment is usually extreme (DSM-IV-
Catatonic type: The catatonic person seems to be in a state of total panic. Catatonic
schizophrenia brings about a stuporous condition in which odd positions may be held for
desperately to control their inner turmoil. One sign of this is the fact that stupor may
occasionally give way to agitated outbursts or violent behavior. Fortunately, this bizarre
Undifferentiated type: The three types of schizophrenia just described occur most often
in textbooks. In reality patients may shift from one pattern to another at different times.
however, there is no doubt that schizophrenia is real that its treatment is a major
Generally, it is important for everyone to know the initial risks that may be face of
others.
Schizophrenia, like some other psychological disorder, tends to run in families. The
closer the family relationship between two people, the higher risk for he/ she to develop
schizophrenia (Nicole & Gottesman,1983). In the general population, for someone who
has no family history of mental illness, the average risk is estimated at approximately 1%
(and therefore a 99% probability that the person will not get schizophrenia). If someone
who is genetically related to a person in the extended family that does have
schizophrenia, then the risk is higher - and the chart below provides a rough estimate of
that risk. If, for example, you have an aunt or uncle who developed schizophrenia, then
your risk (on average) is estimated at approximately 2% (and therefore there is a 98%
probability you won't get schizophrenia). Even for the situation where one parent has
schizophrenia the risk is estimated at 13% for a child, which means there is an 87%
probability that the person will not develop schizophrenia. If one member of a pair of
identical twins develops schizophrenia, there is almost 50% chance that the other will
develop it too (Matthysse & Kidd, 1976). If a family has a history of more than one
It’s also important to keep in mind as you read about the risk factors, that most of these
risk factors are associated with approximately a doubling of risk (also called the "Odds
Ratio") - which might sound high, but that means that overall for someone with no family
history of schizophrenia, that the risk goes from about 1% to 2% (with risk of not getting
schizophrenia declining from 99% to 98%). Therefore, for the average person with no
family history of schizophrenia or mental illness most of these risk factors may not make
a significant difference in terms of total risk of schizophrenia which remains low. At the
same time good healthcare, nutrition and a positive emotional environment for women
during pregnancy are always important factors for the health of a baby and always
recommended by doctors. Research also suggests that nurturing, sensitive child care is
- Biochemical Factor
finding that the brains of deceased schizophrenics show increased dopamine and a higher
than normal number of dopamine receptors (Mackey et al., 1982). This can be consider
from a main observation that is from the effect from drug such as large doses of
hallucinations.
- Prenatal Factor
There are several prenatal factors which increase the risk of developing schizophrenia.
all lead to an increased risk for schizophrenia. Time of birth (Bradbury & Miller,1985),
2)
There are mainly two types of treatment which help patient of Schizophrenia that varies
treatment now available, but they do not "cure" schizophrenia or ensure that there will be
no further psychotic episodes. The dosage of the medicine may also vary for different
patient as according to the degree of their sickness and also amount not to bring any
troublesome site effect. An antipsychotic drug is the best way in curing patient for
with medication treatment. Numbers of patient of Schizophrenia maybe lack of skills for
work, and also will face difficulty when comes to communication, self motivation, self
care, and to establish relationship with others. For this type of social, work problem,
psychosocial treatment will help a lot. However this approach is only suitable for those
who psychotic symptoms are under control. The availability and forms of treatment
varies in term of places and the degree of curing are also vary for different people.
can know that street drug such as amphetamines will cause effect such as
hallucination to people who consumed. Alcohol is also one of the factors that
cause damages to their brain. People who have mental illness in their family
history will have higher risk compare to those who are not.
2. Make an ongoing effort to develop your social skills as much as you can
- Try to make more friends. Avoid social isolation as social skill is something
that we need to learn and to practice in order to improve it. Better spend more
time with friends if compare to be alone. For those who like to be alone, their
- Some children born in a family that communicates not so well with parents
(may be father, mother, or both due to reasons). These people are advised to
put some effort on developing friendship with elder, may be their relatives,
aunt, teacher, etc , who may be better in life experience that will help them in
solving problems, and may also try to improve the relationship between the
4. Make extra effort to learn how to deal with stress and anxiety
as setbacks or problems are just part of life. When you feel stress, anxiety,
anyone who you trust and can help you to solve problem. Exercise is also a
5. Seek Help from Qualified Psychologists and Psychiatrists if you have problems
coping
- For those who have history of family mental illness, it is better if you seek
help from qualified psychologists as they are professional that helps better.
As we can see, from some of the movie that has character with Schizophrenia, were
normally people who kill or with some behavior that will hurt people around him or her.
developed Schizophrenia, she do not hurt people, mostly what she does is just she may
talk in different ways for a same topic. But all of these symptoms can be control by
taking medicine according to doctor’s instruction. Family is also another factor that will
help Schizophrenia developer to recover better if compared to those who feel ashamed
having family members that developed Schizophrenia. Many homeless persons are
suffering from Schizophrenia, mood disorder, and other serious psychological problems
(Burt, 1992).
In the conclusion, we who were normal people should treat Schizophrenia developer the
way they need, as this will improve their self-esteem, social skills that needed, and also