Acknowledgement

First of all, we acknowledge our dear Almighty Father for giving

us guidance, unspiration, strength, knowledge and great blessings
always.
To our parents who work hard to support us and for motivating
and giving us advice everyday and also for giving us inspiration and
a long patience.
To our dear teacher who teach us everyday ,and for sharing
their knowledge.
To our friends and classmates who help us in some things that
we dont understand and for making our life fun and enjoy despite
of any problems in life..
And last we acknowledge the meteorologist who give some of
their time to help and answers our questions.

Mark Elliot was born in Berkeley Heights, New Jersey. For as long as he can remember, he has
known that he wanted to be a Meteorologist. He was told that while growing up, he used to give his
friends weather forecasts in the sandbox.
He credits a few big storms that knocked down trees outside his house when he was very young as
sparking his interest in weather. This interest grew as he watched his dad fly into different
locations across the country experiencing destructive weather as his job involved emergency
preparedness for hospital systems. Mark wanted to know what he was getting himself into.
Being a self proclaimed weather geek, Mark got outside to enjoy the weather whenever possible.
He's constantly staring up at the clouds and loves to take photos, weather themed or otherwise. He
can talk beer for hours, and can even show you how to derive the thermodynamic properties of the
bubbles as they rise in the glass... see, weather geek.
You can always find him watching Rutgers Football games, and cheering on the Scarlet Knights
whenever possible... Hoo-Rah Hoo-Rah, Rutgers Rah! Besides, you have to love the attitude that
comes with being one of the few schools in history to TURN DOWN talks regarding an invitation to
the Ivy League in order to keep the Land Grant/State University status.
B.S in Meteorology, Rutgers University
B.S in Environmental Science (Physics)
Rutgers University
M.S in Earth and Atmospheric Sciences
The Georgia Institute of Technology
Full Name:Mark Elliot
Hometown:Berkeley Heights, NJ
University/College:Rutgers University: Double Major in Meteorology and Atmospheric Science
Physics
Georgia Institute of Technology: Masters of Science in Atmospheric Sciences

Table of Contents
1.How can scientists predict what will happen in
future?

2.What can we do to stop global warming?

3.What is climate change?

4.What will be the impacts of climate change?

5.What causes global warming?

1.How can scientists predict what will happen in future?

Reference1: If we know what's happened in the past, we can often figure out what
will happen in the future. If you know it's rained every Tuesday for the last five
years, you might hazard a guess that it will rain next Tuesday tooand you might

well be right. Forecasting the weather is somewhat more complex than this, but it
essentially means using data from the past to figure out the future. Forecasting
Earth's climatethe long-term patterns of weather for the entire planetis more
complex still.
Reference2: Scientists make forecasts of the climate using what is known as
a computer model. This is a large and very complex program running on
a supercomputer (one of the world's most powerful computers). It's essentially a
collection of math equations that describe how different parts of the climate
work. Each equation contains variables (quantities that change) like temperature,
rainfall, amount of carbon dioxide, and sea-level and shows how one of these things
affects the others. Taken all together, the equations describe roughly how the
climate works.
Reference3: One reason some people are skeptical about global warming is that
they doubt computer models are good enough to model the climate decades into
the future. To produce a computer model, scientists have to make certain
assumptions about how the climate works. Since the climate is very complex and
computers are only so powerful, these assumptions are usually simplifications. The
skeptics are concerned that the computer models are too crude and simple and
they may not reflect how things work in reality. But as time goes on, climate
scientists have more and more data to work with, and computers become more and
more powerfulso the models get better.

2.What can we do to stop global warming?

Reference1: To reduce the impact of climate change, we need to

reduce global warming. That means producing fewer carbon dioxide
emissions and it might mean using less energy or using it more
efficiently (doing the same things with less energy or better

technology). In practice, reducing emissions is both very simple and

very hard.
Reference2: It's very simple for any one of us to reduce our personal
carbon dioxide emissions. You can replace the incandescent lamps in
your home (ones that make light by getting hot) and use energy-saving
fluorescent lamps instead. You can switch your utility company so more
of your electricity is made from renewable energy. Or you couldbicycle,
walk, or take the bus from time to time instead of using your car. You
could put on a sweater instead of turning on the heating, open your
windows instead of using the air-con, and drive with better fuel
economy in mind. These things are all very easy to do and will make an
immediate difference.
Reference3: If we can keep carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere to
below 550 ppm (roughly twice what they were before the Industrial
Revolution and about 45 percent higher than they are today), flooding
caused by climate change in low-lying countries like Bangladesh will be
reduced by as much as 80-90 percent.

3.What is climate change?

Reference1: Climate is the pattern of weather in a particular place:

how much sunlight and rainfall it gets, how windy it is, and so on. The
world's weather is entirely powered by the Sun. Since Earth rotates on

a tilted axis, different parts of our planet are heated by different

amounts at different times of year, making some regions hotter than
others and causing the seasons.
Reference2: Climate change is the consequence of unchecked pollution.
When carbon emissions caused by human activity enter the air they
have dangerous effects on the environment, the economy, and our
wellbeing. But just as humans cause it, we can halt its progress.
Reference3: Climate change, also called global warming, refers to the
rise in average surface temperatures on Earth. An overwhelming
scientific consensus maintains that climate change is due primarily to
the human use of fossil fuels, which releases carbon dioxide and other
greenhouse gases into the air. The gases trap heat within the
atmosphere, which can have a range of effects on ecosystems,
including rising sea levels, severe weather events, and droughts that
render landscapes more susceptible to wildfires.

4.What will be the impacts of climate change?

Reference1: As Earth warms up, the oceans warm up toovery slowly but
significantly. Water expands as it warms so, as the oceans are heated, the water
they contain takes up more volume, and this makes the level of the seas rise. The

seas also rise when glaciers and ice sheets melt, feeding more water into the
oceans. Sea-level rise is one of the major impacts of global warming.

Reference2: Rivers and lakes supply drinking water for people and animals, as well
as being vital for agriculture and industry. Oceans and seas provide food for
billions of people.
Climate change will have major and unpredictable effects on the world's water
systems, including an increase in floods and droughts. Extremes in droughts and
flooding will become more common, causing displacement and conflict. Less fresh
water means less agriculture, food and income.

Reference3: Climate change will have a significant impact on food availability, food
accessibility, food utilization and food systems stability in many parts of the world.
Climate change poses a significant risk of increased crop failure, loss of livestock
and will impact on local food security.
In some areas drier and warmer conditions are predicted, elsewhere wetter and
cooler conditions are expected which will negatively affect agricultural practices.
It will affect human health and livelihoods, as well as peoples purchasing power,
food markets and food security at household levels.

5.What causes global warming?

Reference1: Most climate scientists agree the main cause of the current global
warming trend is human expansion of the "greenhouse effect" 1 warming that
results when the atmosphere traps heat radiating from Earth toward space.Certain
gases in the atmosphere block heat from escaping. Long-lived gases that remain

semi-permanently in the atmosphere and do not respond physically or chemically to

changes in temperature are described as "forcing" climate change. Gases, such as
water vapor, which respond physically or chemically to changes in temperature are
seen as "feedbacks."

Reference2: Climate change can also be caused by human activities, such as the
burning of fossil fuels and the conversion of land for forestry and agriculture.
Since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, these human influences on the
climate system have increased substantially. In addition to other environmental
impacts, these activities change the land surface and emit various substances to
the atmosphere. These in turn can influence both the amount of incoming energy
and the amount of outgoing energy and can have both warming and cooling effects
on the climate. The dominant product of fossil fuel combustion is carbon dioxide, a
greenhouse gas. The overall effect of human activities since the Industrial
Revolution has been a warming effect, driven primarily by emissions of carbon
dioxide and enhanced by emissions of other greenhouse gases.

Reference3: The Earths climate can be affected by natural factors that are
external to the climate system, such as changes in volcanic activity, solar output,
and the Earth's orbit around the Sun. Of these, the two factors relevant on
timescales of contemporary climate change are changes in volcanic activity and
changes in solar radiation. In terms of the Earths energy balance, these factors
primarily influence the amount of incoming energy. Volcanic eruptions are episodic
and have relatively short-term effects on climate. Changes in solar irradiance have
contributed to climate trends over the past century but since the Industrial
Revolution, the effect of additions of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere has
been about ten times that of changes in the Suns output.