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net‬‬
‫ﺑﺴﻢ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻤﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻴﻢ‬

‫‪Learn to Use ERDAS IMAGINE‬‬

‫‪Step by Step‬‬

‫‪bawahidi@yahoo.com‬‬

‫‪ - Image Preprocessing‬ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﺼﻭﺭﺍﻻﻗﻤﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻴﺠﺏ ﺍﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺎﺕ ﻤﺴﺒﻘﺎ ﻟﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺠﺎﻫﺯﺓ ﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ ﻻﺴﺘﺨﻼﺹ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺃﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﻓﺎﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﺍﻻﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺘﺸﻤل ‪:‬‬

‫* ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻲ‬
‫*ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻻﺸﻌﺎﻋﻲ‬
‫*ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻠﺹ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻀﺠﻴﺞ‬

‫‪Geometric Correction‬‬ ‫‪-:‬‬

‫ﺘﺤﺘﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﺎﺌﻴﺔﺍﻟﺨﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺸﻭﻫﺎﺕ ﻫﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺭﺘﻔﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺤﻤل‬
‫ﺃﺠﻬﺯﺓ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﺸﻌﺎﺭ ﻋﻥ ﺒﻌﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺴﺭﻋﺘﻬﺎ ﻭ ﺍﻨﻜﺴﺎﺭ ﺍﻻﺸﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻐﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﺠﻭﻱ ﻭﻜﺫﻟﻙ ﺘﺤﺩﺙ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻭﻫﺎﺕ ﺒﻔﻌل ﺍﻨﺤﻨﺎﺀ ﺴﻁﺢ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺭﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻻﺯﺍﺤﺔ ﺒﻔﻌل ﺍﺨﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﺘﻀﺎﺭﻴﺱ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﻐﺭﺽ ﺍﻻﺴﺎﺴﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻲ ﻴﻜﻤﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻭﻫﺎﺕ ﺒﺤﻴﺙ‬
‫ﺘﺠﻌل ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻤﺼﺤﺤﺔ ﻭﻤﺘﻁﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﻤﻊ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﺴﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺨﺭﻴﻁﺔ ﻭﺘﺴﻤﻰ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻭﻴﻡ‬
‫‪Rectification‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺩ ﻗﺎﻤﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺔ ﻟﺼﻭﺭ ﺍﻻﻗﻤﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻭﻓﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﺘﺨﻠﺹ ﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻭﻫﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﻅﻤﺔ) ﺍﻟﻠﻭﻥ ﺍﻻﺼﻔﺭ( ﻋﻥ‬
‫ﻁﺭﻴﻕ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﺼﻴﻎ ﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺔ ﻴﺘﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺒﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻭﻫﺎﺕ ﺭﻴﺎﻀﺒﺎ‪ .‬ﺃﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﻤل ﺍﻻﺨﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻭﻫﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺼﻭﺭﺓ )ﺍﻟﻠﻭﻥ ﺍﻻﺨﻀﺭ( ﻓﻴﺘﻡ ﺘﺼﺤﻴﺤﻬﺎ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﺒﺭﺒﻁ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﺒﻨﻘﺎﻁ ﺘﺤﻜﻡ ﺍﺭﻀﻴﺔ ﻭﻓﻕ ﻤﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﻀﺒﻁ ﻤﻌﺭﻭﻓﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺱ ﺴﻨﻨﺘﻁﺭﻕ ﻟﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻲ ﻟﺼﻭﺭ ﺍﻻﻗﻤﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺍﻴﺭﺩﺍﺱ‪.‬‬
‫ﻤﺘﻰ ﻨﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﻟﻠﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬

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Change Detection
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GIS Modeling
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Classification
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ArcInfo
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Distance & Area Measurement
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Mosaicking Images

Erdas Tour Guide, Erdas Field Guide, 1999

‫ﻴﻬﻤﻨﺎ ﺍﻥ ﻨﻌﺭﻑ ﺍﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻁﺭﻴﻘﺘﻴﻥ ﺸﺎﺌﻌﺘﻴﻥ ﻟﻠﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻲ‬

1-Image-to-map rectification ‫ﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺨﺭﻴﻁﺔ‬

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- Spatial Interpolation
Nth order
Polynomial transformation

Brightness values

Resampling

2-Image-to-image rectification ( )

Ground Control Points (GCP) –

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Resampling –
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(Images used: tmAtlanta.img- 30m and georeferenced SPOT panchromatic - panAtlanta-
10m)

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Session—Tile Viewers
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From Viewer 1:
File- Open- Raster Layer-tmAtlanta.img
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From Viewer :
File- Open- Raster Layer-panAtlanta.img

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From Viewer 1: Raster- Geometric Correction
OK Polynomial

Minimum number of GCPs = ((n + 1) (n + 2)/2

n-