SINGLE STAGE AIR COMPRESSOR

(HD-164)

Foreword
Welcome to the fast growing family of K.C. product owners. We appreciate your interest in us
and thank you for buying our product.
You have chosen the finest quality product in the market which is produced using latest techniques
and has underwent strict quality control tests. It is a product that we are proud to build and you
are proud to own it.
Our products are easy to understand and operate. They are excellent for students who are trying to
gain practical knowledge through experiments.
However your comfort and safety are important to us, so we want you have an understanding of
proper procedure to use the equipment. For the purpose, we urge you to read and follow the stepby-step operating instructions and safety precautions in this manual. It will ensure that your
favourite product delivers reliable, superior performance year after year.
This manual includes information for all options available on this model. Therefore, you may find
some information that does not apply to your equipment.
All information, specifications and illustrations in this manual are those in effect at the time of
printing. We reserve the right to change specifications or design at any time without notice.
Customer satisfaction is our primary concern. Feel Free to contact us for any assistance. So what
are you waiting for, roll up your sleeves and let us get down to work!

K.C. Engineers Pvt. Ltd.

Important Information About This Manual

Reminder for Safety

Modification on Equipment:
This equipment should not be modified. Modification could affect its performance, safety or
disturbance. In addition damage or performance problems resulting from modification may not be
covered under warranties.
Precautions and Maintenance:
This is used to indicate the presence of a hazard that could cause minor or moderate personal injury
or damage to your equipment. To avoid or reduce the risk, the procedures must be followed
carefully.

1.

Objective

2.

Aim

3.

Introduction

4.

Theory

5.

Description

6.

Utilities Required

7.

Experimental Procedure

8.

Observation & Calculation

9.

Nomenclature

10.

Precautions & Maintenance Instructions

11.

Troubleshooting

12.

References

13.

Block Diagram

K.C. Engineers Pvt. Limited, Ambala

SINGLE STAGE AIR COMPRESSOR TEST RIG

(Rev. 1)

SINGLE STAGE AIR COMPRESSOR TEST RIG

1.

OBJECTIVE:
Study of Single stage Air compressor.

2.

3.

AIM:
2.1

To find out the volumetric efficiency.

2.2

To find out isothermal efficiency.

2.3

To calculate the compression ratio.

INTRODUCTION:
Air Compressor is a device, which sucks the air from atmosphere and Compresses it
and delivers in reservoir tank. It compresses the air by means of a reciprocating piston,
which reciprocates in a stationary cylinder. It can be single stage or multi stage. It can be
single acting or double acting.

4.

THEORY:
In single cylinder air compressor, piston reciprocates in the cylinder. It is driven by
crankshaft through a connecting rod. There are two valves mounted in the head of
cylinder. These valves are the inlet and delivery valves. Both the valves usually operate
as a result of pressure difference across them.
The compressed air is used in a wide range in industrial, domestic, aeronautics fields
etc. so compressors are applied in wide range. Compressors are used where the air is
required at high pressure.

5.

DESCRIPTION:
Single stage Air Compressor Test Rig consists of single cylinder, piston & a reservoir
tank driven by AC motor. Temperature sensors are provided at inlet and outlet. To find
out the inlet volume of air, an Orifice meter is provided. Pressure Gauge is provided at
reservoir tank. Safety valve and auto power out switch is provide for the safety factor.

K.C. Engineers Pvt. Limited, Ambala

SINGLE STAGE AIR COMPRESSOR TEST RIG

Page No. 1 of 6 (Rev. 1)

6.

UTILITIES REQUIRED:
6.1

Electricity Supply: Single Phase, 220V AC, 50 Hz, 5-15 Amp. combined socket
with earth connection.

6.2

7.

Floor Area Required: 1.5 m x 0.75 m

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE:
7.1

Close valve V1 of tank and start the compressor.

7.2

Let the receiver pressure rise up to around 1 kg/cm 2. Now open the valve V1 so
that constant delivery pressure is achieved.

7.3

Wait for some time and see that delivery pressure remain constant. Now note
down the pressure.

8.

7.4

Record the time for 10-20 pulses of energy meter.

7.5

Record the manometer reading.

7.6

Record the temperature of air at inlet & outlet.

7.7

Find out the RPM of compressor.

7.8

Repeat the experiment for different delivery pressure by operating valve V1.

OBSERVATION & CALCULATION:

8.1

DATA:
= 1000 kg/m3

Diameter of orifice do = 0.011 m

= 1.21 kg/m3

Diameter of pipe dP

= 0.022 m

Energy meter constant EMC = 3200 Pulses/kW hr

Length of stroke L

= 0.076 m

Co-efficient of discharge of orifice meter Cd = 0.64

Bore diameter d

= 0.050 m

Density of water
Density of Air

Atmospheric pressure Pa

K.C. Engineers Pvt. Limited, Ambala

= 103327 N/m2

Efficiency of motor m = 0.8

SINGLE STAGE AIR COMPRESSOR TEST RIG

Page No. 2 of 6 (Rev. 1)

8.2
Sr.
No

OBSERVATION TABLE:
Pd
(kg/cm2)

N (RPM)

h1 (cm)

h2 (cm)

T1 (oC)

T2 (oC)

tP (sec)

1
2
3
4
5

8.3 CALCULATIONS:
h1 h2
(m)
100

h (m of air)

ao

ap

Qa

d o2 (m2)

d p2 (m2)

Cd

2g H (m3/sec)
o

d2 L N
(m3/sec)
60 4

Qt

ao a p

Qa
Qt

100 (%)

Ei

P 3600
(kW)
t p EMC

ES

Ei

Pd
r

(kW)

Pa
100000
Pa
100000

K.C. Engineers Pvt. Limited, Ambala

SINGLE STAGE AIR COMPRESSOR TEST RIG

Page No. 3 of 6 (Rev. 1)

E iso

iso

9.

Pa Qa ln(r )
(kW)
1000
E iso
100 (%)
ES

NOMENCLATURE:
Nom

Column Heading

Units

Type

ao

Cross- sectional area of orifice

m2

Calculated

ap

Cross sectional area of pipe

m2

Calculated

Cd

Co-efficient of discharge of orifice meter

Bore diameter

Given

do

Diameter of orifice

Given

dP

Diameter of pipe

Given

Pulses/

Given

EMC

Energy meter constant

Given

kW hr
Ei

Power input

kW

Calculated

Eiso

Isothermal power

kW

Calculated

ES

Shaft power

kW

Calculated

Acceleration due to gravity

Manometer pressure difference

Calculated

Manometer reading at both points

cm

Measured

Length of stroke

Measured

Revolutions per minute of compressor

RPM

Measured

Number of pulses

Pa

Atmospheric pressure

Pd

h1, h2

m/sec

Given

Measured
N/m2

Given

Pressure Gauge

kg/cm2

Measured

Qa

Actual volume of air

m3/sec

Calculated

Qt

Swept volume of compressor

m3/sec

Calculated

Compression ratio

Calculated

Inlet temperature of air

Measured

T2

Outlet temperature of air from compressor

Measured

tp

Time for P pulses

T1

C
C

sec

Measured
3

Given
Given

Density of air

kg/m

Density of water

kg/m3

K.C. Engineers Pvt. Limited, Ambala

SINGLE STAGE AIR COMPRESSOR TEST RIG

Page No. 4 of 6 (Rev. 1)

Total head

iso

Isothermal efficiency

Efficiency of motor

Volumetric efficiency

m of air

Calculated

Calculated
Given

Calculated

10. PRECAUTION & MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS:

10.1

Never run the apparatus if power supply is less than 200 Volts and above
230 Volts.

10.2

Check the oil before starting the air compressor.

10.3

Always keep the apparatus free from dust.

11. TROUBLESHOOTING:
11.1

If control panel does not show input, check fuse and main supply.

12. REFERENCES:
12.1

Foust, Alan S. Wenzel, Leonard A. Clump, Curtis W. Maus, Louis Andersen, L.

Bryce (1980). Principles of Unit Operations. 2nd Ed. NY: John Wiley & Sons. pp
598-606.

12.2

Khurmi, R.S. Gupta, J.K (2007). Thermal Engineering. 1st Ed. ND: S. Chand &
Company Ltd. pp 682-683.

K.C. Engineers Pvt. Limited, Ambala

SINGLE STAGE AIR COMPRESSOR TEST RIG

Page No. 5 of 6 (Rev. 1)

13. BLOCK DIAGRAM:

K.C. Engineers Pvt. Limited, Ambala

SINGLE STAGE AIR COMPRESSOR TEST RIG

Page No. 6 of 6 (Rev. 1)