Final Project

A REPORT
SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCES,
VIRTUAL UNIVERSITY OF PAKISTAN
IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR
THE DEGREE OF MASTER IN BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

Submitted by
MC130400093
Rana Ahmad Nawaz

Department of Management Sciences,

Virtual University of Pakistan
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Letter of understanding

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Acknowledgement
I hereby acknowledge special thanks to My Friends Family and
Collogues. This Project could not have been completed without the
support of my beloved Mother and inspiration of my Late Father and
the help of my friends including Miss Shamsa Munawar, Mr
Muhamamd Muneeb Shakeel and Mr Jawad Ali Rana. Also all others
who have helped with their precious time and effort
Special thanks to Mr Ahmad Muneer Shah Inspector Punjab Police who
have provided with his precious time and effort to help Distribution of
Questionnaires, Provided with understanding the police department, its
environment and problems.

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Abstract
This project is aimed to understand the effects of internal environment of
police department on the performance of the officers. Questionnaires
will be distributed to officers to inquire about their views in this regard.
In addition to that police stations will be physically observed.
After collecting the necessary data, analysis will be made to draw
conclusions. And recommendations will be made for proposed
improvements

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Table of contents
Acknowledgement
Abstract
List of illustrations6
Chapter 1 Introduction...7
1.1-Introduction....7
1.2-Background....7
1.3-Objectives...8
1.4-Significance8
Chapter 2 Literature Review..9
Chapter 3 Research methodology.10
3.1-Type of Research...10
3.2-Data Collection Sources10
3.3-Data Collection Tools/Instruments10
3.4-Subjects/Participants.10
3.5-Data Processing & Analysis..11
Chapter 4 Data Analysis12
Chapter 5 Conclusion , recommendations & limitations...18

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List of illustrations
Figure 4.1. 13
Figure 4.2. 13
Figure 4.3.... 14
Figure 4.4. 14
Figure 4.5. 15
Figure 4.6. 15
Figure 4.7. 16
Figure 4.8. 16

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Chapter 1
Introduction

1.1

Introduction:
The topic of this research project is Effect of
work environment on employee
performance: A study of public sector
organization aimed to look into factors of
internal environment of police department on the
performance of its employees.
Research project will opt to obtain the views
about problems and its solutions from the officers
themselves who actually work in that environment
and whose performance is under study instead of
focusing on working on expert opinion of experts
outside the field

1.2

Background:
A lot of work has been done in this regard to study
the performance of Police officers and its relation
with the internal environment of the police
departments around the world.
A lot of research work have been done in this
regards to study this impact such as proposed
research by Smith and Klein in 1983 and by
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Robert Worden in 1996 to explain the effects of

level of bureaucratic environment on the
performance of the police officers.
Also the effect of aggressiveness of the
enforcement on the arrest ratio and officers
performance proposed in studies by Sherman,
Gartin, and Buerger

1.3

Objectives:

1.4

To study the factors of work environment of

public sector organization.
To find out effects of these factors of work
environment on employee performance.
To suggest changes required in work environment
of public sector organizations to increase
employee performance in public sector.

Significance:
It is a very important study to take view of the officers
themselves regarding the environment of the police
department and its effect on their performance. Along
with physical observation of the police stations

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Chapter 2
Literature review

There has been a lot of work done on internal environment problems of

police force in Pakistan. A very brief fresh report on such issue was
published by Pakistan institute of legislative development and
transparency in January, 2015 in which they discuss very broadly about
incentives problem of police force and negative impact on society.
(PILDAT, 2015)-1
A research report was published on a website Law of Pakistan and they
described problems of a policeman in Pakistan (Jibran, 2015)-2
Pakistan police reform published by Pakistan government in 2006
provided long and comprehensive study about police problems and
every day challenges and what government are doing to over come them
(Pakistan Police Reforms, 2006)-3
Very famous national Columnist Samira Shackle write a column in
TRIBUNE about problems (Tribune, 2013)-4
Ali Etorz international columnist write a column in The guardian about
problems of Pakistan police in Feb,2008 (Guardian, 2008)-5

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Chapter 3
Research methodology
3.1-Type of Research:
This research is a quantitative research. Because the results of the
sample, drawn from the population will have to be projected on the
whole population.

3.2-Data Collection Sources:

Primary source of data collection is police officers of the
department.
Secondary source is physical observation of police department and
its working environment

3.3-Data Collection Tools/Instruments:

Questionnaire is used for data collection from police officers to
obtain their views and safe guard the confidentiality of their names
ensuring unbiased opinion
Physical observation of Police department In order to get firsthand
experience about the operations and other factors

3.4-Subjects/Participants:
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Subject population will be different officers of varying scales

Questionnaires will be distributed among 100 personal

officers will be selected on random basis to get a broader

spectrum of opinion

Organization that will be under the research work are Punjab

Police

3.5-Data Processing & Analysis:

Cross Tabulation technique will be used in this research. In order
to observe the trends of work environment variables on employee
performance.
Microsoft Excel and other tools of Microsoft office will be used in
collecting sorting and analyzing data.

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Chapter 4
Data Analysis
Main factors that are studied in this project are

Employee satisfaction
Physical environment
Decision making centralization
Role Congruity
Incentive plans
Morale
Technical resources
Training

Officers were provided questionnaires about these factors to weight their

response from 1 to 4 representing most favorable that is 4 to most
unfavorable that is 1, Regarding the suitability of the factor toward
performance of the officers.

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4.1-Employee satisfaction

Employee satisfaction

1
2
3
4

4.2-Physical environment

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Physical environment

1
2
3
4

4.3-Decision making centralization

Decision making centralization

1
2
3
4

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4.4-Role Congruity

Role Congruity

1
2
3
4

4.5-Incentive Plans

Incentive Plans

1
2
3
4

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4.6-Morale

Morale

1
2
3
4

4.7-Technical resources

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Techinical Resources

1
2
4
4

4.8-Training

Training

1
2
3
4

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Summary
As a whole employees are not satisfied from their job. This is a big
reason why they are not doing their jobs in prescribed manner. We
observed that officers are in panic about their future regarding their jobs.
Physical environment is not up to the standards. It is not setup on
modern lines.
Police officers are not satisfied with the Decision making style in the
department
There is less Role congruity among officers. And most of officers are not
clear as to their role in their operational circle
Officers are not happy with their incentives plans. It was also observed
that there was a clear depression for the insufficiency of their salaries
against their expenses.
Majority of the officers found out to be dissatisfied with the technical
resources available to the police officers. Taking technical resources as a
serious issue what we saw police officers are struggling with what they
have and what they are fighting for . Police department are not getting
enough equipment and other resources as against what they need.
Response toward effectiveness of training programs was generally
positive

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Chapter 5
CONCLUSION, RECOMMENDATIONS &
LIMITATIONS
After assessing different officers and other workers of department we
concluded that working environment of department is not satisfactory
and is discouraging the overall efficiency of the workers
There is lack of hospitality facilities, Physical environment need to be
improved .More need to be done for officers working there e.g no good
air conditioning systems .They have substandard seating facilities
available for officers and people of everday visit .As we observed some
hostels for officers they dont have enough beds and bathroom are
needed.
There is lack of communication between senior and field officers that
affects decision making system. officers working in the field and
decision makers dont have healthy relationship between them.
They are not getting paid enough for what sacrifice they are making for
their families and their life.
Morale of the department was very low as a whole and they were not
motivated for the job they were doing. Because of lots of internal factors
such as favoritism, lake of legal cover to operate freely and political
interference
It was found out that the technical resources that are required to perform
tasks efficiently are not sufficient
Training is a big problem observed there most of officers are not trained
to do their jobs in better way against new challenges like terrorism and
corruption.
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Recommendations:
According to modern studies the work environment has a vital role on
the performance on the members of an organization. Accordingly ,the
work environment of a police station should be given importance and
improved according to modern standards .such as comfortable and
improved seating systems. And better air condition systems that provides
more comfort that effects working out put .
Need improvements in communication system to fill the gap between
senior officers and field officers .
Need to improve incentive plans for all officers .Families of Martyred
officers must be well compensated. Need to work on police welfare fund
and make good check and balance system on them
There should b some mental detectors in all police line and some regular
classes for all police officers for their mental health and there motivation
. Encourage public and police interaction and workout some more ways
for public police confidence .
Government and administration need to make it very strict ,clean and
clear recruitment of police force and make sure no extra pressure added
by any outside organization. It should be made sure that police work
fully independently for public that will make there moral high and work
more efficiently
Study suggest that new and up to date training for police force is most
important for develop society. provide them good training that well lead
them to deal with big problems
Modern and upto date technology use make peace more sustainable and
long enough .so more technology needed to be upgraded e.g new
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wireless phone some more secure communication methods .high

frequency metal detectors must be provided to them.

Appendix:
Miss i read your comments on the previous project I submitted that was rejected and an
objection was raised

Your approved topic is, Effect of work environment on employee

performance: A study of public sector
organization
Whereas your results are dealing with Job satisfaction of Police.Why is
it so?
I tried to relate these two factors that why is employee performance so low in the police
department and i asked the police officers in the form of grading questionnaires so that they find
it easy to rate their level of favourableness or unfavourableness instead of descriptive answering.
And i am of the view that the officers themselves can best explain the reason why the police
department employee performance is not upto the mark.
So i researched out some factors of internal environment that effect employee performance and
asked them in random how are these factors rated in their view.
Those factors were

Employee satisfaction
Physical environment

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 Decision making centralization

Role Congruity
Incentive plans
Morale
Technical resources
Training
It is not that i am focusing on employee satisfaction. Employee satisfaction is a factor of
overall environment that effect the performance.
And then I verified the observation of questionnaire by visiting some police stations and
administrative offices like CPO office to verify these observations myself

Kindly accept my project due to the reasons i explained in the email due to death of my
father or else it will be very detrimental for my academics and professional career in
future.

Here is the Questionnaire is submitted:

Asalam o Alaikum
Dear Sir.
It is a simple questionnaire for purely academics purpose to find out effects of the
following factors on the performance of the police officers being employees of a
public sector organization.
Your ID and name will never be disclosed by any means to any person including the
person handing this paper to you and this research is based on anonymous
observation.

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Please dont write your name or any identification mark on the paper and reseal the
envelope in which it is handed over to you along with all the officers of your site.
Kindly tick the most appropriate option in your view without any bias.
Regards

1- What is the level of Employee satisfaction in the department as a whole and your
own in particular?
1

2- Is physical environment of your working environment suitable and helps your

performance
1

3- How do Decision making style effects tour performance? Is it favorable?

1

4- What are your views about Role Congruity? Are you always clear on what is
assigned to you and your specific role in the objectives? How will you rate it to
affect your performance
1

5- Are Incentive plans suitable enough compared to the risks you take up in your
job? How will you rate this factor against your performance
1

6- What is the level of overall Morale of the department as a whole and how does it
affects your performance in particular?
1

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7- Are you provided with sufficient Technical resources to meet your objectives and
requirements? What is the extent to which its sufficiency or lacking effects your
performance.
1

8- Is your training sufficient enough to help you efficiently carry out your assigned
tasks and job duties? How does it effects your performance
1

Regards:
Rana Ahmad Nawaz
Care of: Mr. Ahmad Muneer Shah

References

1-http://www.pildat.org (Pakistan Institute of Legislative Development and Transparency)

2-http://www.lawsofpakistan.com/problems-of-police-in-pakistan/

3-Pakistan Police reforms 2006

4-http://tribune.com.pk/story/508653/reforming-the-police-2/

5-http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2008/feb/22/pakistanspoliceproblems
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Section II
a) Introduction to student
Qualifications: Graduation in Economics
CA Foundation

Organization Name: Zahid Jamil and Co

Designation: Auditor
Experience: 3 Years and 4 Months

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