A telecommunication system consists of components that transmit signals between sending and receiving units via various transmission media and telecommunications devices. It defines protocols for efficient and error-free exchange of information across channels. Telecommunications media can be guided (e.g. wired) or wireless, operating in different frequency ranges with varying distance capabilities. Networks are essential IT infrastructure, and organizations can implement centralized, decentralized, or distributed processing depending on their needs. Common telecommunication hardware and software enable devices, systems and networks to communicate and be managed securely.
A telecommunication system consists of components that transmit signals between sending and receiving units via various transmission media and telecommunications devices. It defines protocols for efficient and error-free exchange of information across channels. Telecommunications media can be guided (e.g. wired) or wireless, operating in different frequency ranges with varying distance capabilities. Networks are essential IT infrastructure, and organizations can implement centralized, decentralized, or distributed processing depending on their needs. Common telecommunication hardware and software enable devices, systems and networks to communicate and be managed securely.
A telecommunication system consists of components that transmit signals between sending and receiving units via various transmission media and telecommunications devices. It defines protocols for efficient and error-free exchange of information across channels. Telecommunications media can be guided (e.g. wired) or wireless, operating in different frequency ranges with varying distance capabilities. Networks are essential IT infrastructure, and organizations can implement centralized, decentralized, or distributed processing depending on their needs. Common telecommunication hardware and software enable devices, systems and networks to communicate and be managed securely.
A telecommunication system consists of several fundamental components.
Identify and describe the fundamental components of a telecommunication system.
Describe two broad categories of telecommunications media and their associated characteristics. Briefly describe several options for short-range, medium-range, and long-range communication. In a telecommunication system, the sending unit transmits a signal to a telecommunications device, which performs a number of functions such as converting the signal into a different form or from one type to another. The telecommunications device then sends the signal through a medium that carries the electronic signal. The signal is received by another telecommunications device that is connected to the receiving computer. A networking protocol defines the set of rules that governs the exchange of information over a telecommunications channel to ensure fast, efficient, error-free communications and to enable hardware, software, and equipment manufacturers and service providers to build products that interoperate effectively. There is a myriad of telecommunications protocols, including international, national and regional standards. Communication among people can occur synchronously and asynchronously. A transmission medium can be divided into one or more communications channels, each capable of carrying a message. Telecommunications channels can be classified as simplex, half-duplex or full-duplex. Channel bandwidth refers to the rate at which data is exchanged, usually expressed in bits per second. A circuit-switching network uses a dedicated path for the duration of the communication. A packet-switching network does not employ a dedicated path for communications and breaks data into packets for transmission over the network. The telecommunications media that physically connect data communications devices can be divided into two broad categories: guided communications devices can be divided into two broad categories: guided transmission media and wireless media, guided transmission media include twisted-pair wire, coaxial cable and fiberoptic cable. Wireless transmission involves the broadcast of communications in one of three frequency ranges: radio, microwave or infrared. Wireless communications solutions for very short distances include Near Field Communications, Bluetooth, ultra wideband, infrared transmission, and ZigBee. WiFi is a popular wireless communications solutions for long distances include satellite and terrestrial microwave transmission, wireless mesh, 3G and 4G cellular communications service, and WiMAX. Networks are an essential component of an organizations information technology infrastructure.
Identify the benefits of using a network.
Describe the three distributed processing alternatives and discuss their basic features. Identify several telecommunications hardware devices and discuss their functions. The geographic area covered by a network determines whether it is called a personal area network (PAN), local area network (LAN), metropolitan area network (MAN), or wide area network (WAN). The electronic flow of data across international and global boundaries is often called transborder data flow. When an organization needs to use two or more computer systems, it can follow one of three basic data-processing strategies: centralized (all processing at a single location, high degree of control), decentralized (multiple processors that communicate with each other). Distributed processing minimizes the consequences of a catastrophic event at one location while ensuring uninterrupted systems availability. A client/server systems is a network that connects a users computer (a client) to one or more host computers (servers). A client is often a PC that requests services from the server, shares processing tasks with the server, and displays the results. Numerous popular telecommunications devices include smartphones, modems, multiplexers, PBX systems, switches, bridges, routers and gateways. Telecommunications software performs important functions, such as error checking and message formatting. A network operating system controls the computer systems and devices on a network, allowing them to communicate with one another. Network-management software enables a manager to monitor the use of individual computers and shared hardware, scan for viruses, and ensure compliance with software licenses. The interception of confidential information by unauthorized parties is a major concern for organization. Encryption of data and the use of virtual private networks are two common solutions to this problem. Special measures must be taken to secure wireless network. Network applications are essential to organizational success. List and describe several network applications that organization that benefit from today.