Biaxial Bending and Axial

Load

Unaxial bending
about y-axis

Biaxial Bending and Axial

Load

The biaxial bending moments

Mx = P*ey
My = P*ex

Approximate Analysis
Methods
Use Reciprocal Failure
surface S2 (1/Pn,ex,ey)
The ordinate 1/Pn on the
surface S2 is
approximated by
ordinate 1/Pn on the
plane S2 (1/Pn ex,ey)
Plane S2 is defined by
points A,B, and C.

Approximate Analysis
Methods
P0 = Axial Load Strength under pure axial compression
(corresponds to point C ) Mnx = Mny = 0
P0x = Axial Load Strength under uniaxial eccentricity, ey
(corresponds to point B ) Mnx = Pney
P0y = Axial Load Strength under uniaxial eccentricity, ex
(corresponds to point A ) Mny = Pnex

Approximate Analysis
Methods
Design: Pu Muy, Mux

Pu, Puex, Puey

Approximate Analysis
Methods
1
Pn

Pn

Pn

P0x
1
P0x

P0y
1
1
P0y

1
P0

1
P0

Pn = Nominal axial load strength at eccentricities, ex

& ey Limited to cases when Pn 0.1 f c Ag

Biaxial Bending in Short

Columns
Analysis Procedure: Reciprocal Load Method
Breslers Formula:

1
Pn

Steps:
1) Calculate P0

1
P0x

1
P0y

1
P0

2) Calculate P0y ( Pn for e = ex, ey = 0 )

3)Calculate P0x ( Pn for ex= 0, e = ey )
4) Calculate Pn (from Breslers Formula )

Biaxial Bending in Short

Columns

Pu Pn
where, f = 0.65

Biaxial Column Example

The section of a short tied
column is 16 x 24 in. and is
reinforced with 8 #10 bars as
shown. Determine the
allowable ultimate load on
the section f Pn if its acts at
ex = 8 in. and ey = 12 in. Use
fc = 5 ksi and fy = 60 ksi.

Biaxial Column Example

Compute the P0 load, compression with no moments

Ast 8 1.27 in 2 10.16 in 2

P0 0.85 f c Ag Ast Ast f y
0.85 5 ksi 24.0 in. 24.0 in. 10.16 in 2
10.16 in 2 60 ksi
2198.4 k
Pn0 rP0 0.8 2198.4 k 1758.7 k

Biaxial Column Example

Compute Pnx, by starting with ey term and assume
that compression controls. Check by

2
2
ey 12 in. d 21.5 in. 14.33 in.
3
3
Compute the nominal load, Pnx and assume second
compression steel does not contribute
assume small

Pn Cc Cs1 Cs2 T

Biaxial Column Example

The components of the equilibrium equation are:

Cc 0.85 5 ksi 16 in. 0.8c 54.4 c

Cs1 3.81 in 2 60 ksi 0.85 5 ksi 212.4 kips
T 3.81 in 2 f s
d
21.5 in.
fs 1 29000 ksi 0.003
1 87 ksi
c
c

Use similar triangles to find the stress in the steel, fs

Biaxial Column Example

Compute the moment about the tension steel:

where

1c

Pn e Cc d
Cs1 d d
2

e 9.5 in. 12 in. 21.5 in.

Pn 21.5 in. 54.4c 21.5 in. 0.4c

212.4 k 21.5 in. 2.5 in.

The resulting equation is:
Pn 54.4c 1.01c 2 187.7

Biaxial Column Example

Combine the two equations and solve for Pn using an
iterative solution
Pn 54.4c 212.4 3.81 fs
Pn 54.4c 1.01c 2 187.7

Set the two equation equal to one another and sole for fs
fs 0.265c 2 6.483
and the definition:
21.5 in.
fs 87
1
c

Biaxial Column Example

Combine the two equations and solve for c using
an iterative technique
21.5 in.
2
87
1 0.265c 6.483
c

You are solving a cubic equation

c (in.)
15
10
13
13.3
13.315

fs (ksi)
37.7
100.05
56.88462
53.6391
53.48066

RHS
66.12819
32.99194
51.28315
53.37471
53.48054

Biaxial Column Example

Check the assumption that Cs2 is close to zero

12 in.
12 in.

fs2 1
87 ksi 1
87 ksi
c

13.315 in.
8.59 ksi
Cs2 2.54 in 2 8.59 ksi 0.85 5 ksi
11.0 kips
This value is small relative to the others

Biaxial Column Example

This Cs2 = 11 kips relatively small verses the
overall load, which is

Pn 54.4c 212.4 3.81 fs

54.4 13.315 in. 212.4 k 3.81 53.48 ksi
733.0 k
So Pnx = 733.0 kips

Biaxial Column Example

Start with ex term and assume that compression
controls.

2
2
ex 5.5 in. d 13.5 in. 9 in.
3
3
Compute the nominal load, Pny and assume second
compression steel does not contribute
assume small

Pn Cc Cs1 Cs2 T

Biaxial Column Example

The components of the equilibrium equation are:

Cc 0.85 5 ksi 24 in. 0.8c 81.6 c

Cs1 3.81 in 2 60 ksi 0.85 5 ksi 212.4 kips
T 3.81 in 2 f s
d
13.5 in.
fs 1 29000 ksi 0.003
1 87 ksi
c
c

Biaxial Column Example

Compute the moment about the tension steel:

where

1c

Pn e Cc d
Cs1 d d
2

e 5.5 in. 8 in. 13.5 in.

Pn 13.5 in. 81.6c 13.5 in. 0.4c
212.4 k 13.5 in. 2.5 in.

The resulting equation is:

Pn 81.6c 2.42c 2 173.07

Biaxial Column Example

Combine the two equations and solve for Pn using an
iterative solution
Pn 81.6c 212.4 3.81 fs
Pn 81.6c 2.42c 2 173.07

Set the two equation equal to one another and sole for fs
fs 0.634c 2 10.324
and the definition:
13.5 in.
fs 87
1
c

Biaxial Column Example

Combine the two equations and solve for c using an
iterative technique
13.5 in.
87
1 0.634c 2 10.324
c

You are solving a cubic equation

c (in.)
10
8
8.5
8.3
8.31735

fs (ksi)
30.45
59.8125
51.17647
54.50602
54.21084

RHS
73.76371
50.92531
56.15911
54.02753
54.21043

Biaxial Column Example

Check the assumption that Cs2 is close to zero

8 in.

fs2 1
87 ksi
8.317 in.
3.32 ksi
Cs2 2.54 in 2 3.32 ksi 0.85 5 ksi
2.10 kips
This value is negative so it does not contribute

Biaxial Column Example

This Cs2= - 2.1 kips relatively small verses the
overall load, which is

Pn 81.6c 212.4 3.81 fs

81.6 8.317 in. 212.4 k 3.81 54.21 ksi
684.6 k
So Pnx = 684.6 kips

Biaxial Column Example

Compute the nominal load

1
1
1
1

Pn Pnx Pny Pn0

1
1
1

733.0 k 684.6 k 1758.7 k

Pn 443.2 k Pu Pn 0.65 443.2 k 288.1 k