Gaseous Emissions Calculations

1.

Method 6C bias/drift correct ion for gaseous emiss ions (0 2, C 0 2, S0 2, NOx and C O) :

Cgas =(Craw-Co) X

= Effl ue nt gas concentration, dry bas is, ppm or %.

= Average gas conce ntration ind icated by gas analyzer, dry bas is, ppm o r %
= Average of initia l a nd fi na l sy stem cali bratio n bias check responses for the zero
gas, ppm o r % .
= Actual co nce ntratio n of the upscale cali bration gas, ppm or %.
= Average of initia l a nd fina l system c alibratio n bias check res ponses fo r the
upscale ca libratio n gas, ppm o r % .

whe re: Cgas

Craw
Ca

2.

Cma
- Cm - Co

Parts pe r m illion corrected to 8% oxygen (ppm@ 8%0 2):

cgasX 20.9 - 8%
ppm @ 8 010
/0
2 =
20.9- %02
3.

Pound per hour (lb/hr) calculat io n based on EPA Method 2 flowrate for e missions of
S0 2, N Ox and CO:

lb I hr

=
=
MW =
dscfm =
Const. =

where : lb/ hr
Cgas

= Cgas x MW x dscfm x Const.

Em issio ns expressed as pounds pe r ho ur.

Efflue nt gas c oncentration, dry basis, ppm.
M o lecular we ight: S0 2 = 64, N Ox = 46.1 , CO = 28.
gas fl owrate, dry s tandard c ubic feet per m inute.
l. 557E-7, derived below:

l.
E_
557
7

1mole x 1 lb x 0.02832 cu .m x 60 min x 1L

24.06 L 453.6 g
1 cu .ft .
1 hr
1,000 ml

4.

Pound per hour (lb/ hr) calculation based on EPA Method 2 flowrate for emissions of
Total Hydrocarbons (THC):

lb I hr = CgasX MW x scfm x Const.

where: Cgas

MW

= Effluent gas concentration, wet basis, ppm.

= Molecular weight: C = 12

= gas flowrate, standard cubic feet per minute.

scfm
Const. = l.557E-7 (same as above).
5.

Pound per hour calculat ion based on heat in put (i.e. gas turbines):

lb I hr

lb
x Jv!A1Btu
Jv!Jv!Btu
hr

Lb

where: - - - = Gaseous e miss ions ca lculated below.

Jv!Jv!Btu
MA1Btu

- - - = Heat input (provided by faci lity).

hr

6.

Pound per mi llion British thermal unit:

20 9

Lb
=CgasxMWxF<lx 2 .59E-9x
MMBtu
20.9 -%0 2

where: Cgas

MW
Fd

Efflu ent gas concentration, dry basis, ppm.

= Molecular weight.
= Fue l factor as presented in 40CFR60, Method 19, Tab le 19- l.

NOx (g/HP - lu) = (Cd) x (1.912 x l 0- )x (Q)x (T)

(HP - lu)
Where:

Cd
=
3
1.91 2 x 10 =

Q
T
HP -lu

Measured NOx concentration in ppmdv

Conversion constant for ppm NOx to g/dscm @ 20 C
Stack gas flow rate in dscm/lu
Time of test run in hours
Brake work of the e ngine , provided by fac ility

CO:
3

CO (g/HP- hr) = (Cd) x (1.164 x 10- )x (Q) x (T)

(HP - hr)
Where:

Cd
=
1.1 64 x 103 =

Q
T
HP-lu

Measured NOx co ncentration in ppmdv

Conversion constant for ppm CO to g/dscm @ 20 C
Stack gas flow rate in dscm/ hr
Time of test run in hours
Brake work of the engine, provided by facility

EXHAUST GAS EMISSIONS CALCULATIONS

The fo llowing equations will be used in calculating flow rates, pollutant concentrations and
emission rates, and oxygen corrections. Generally, all flow rates used in the calculations will be
dry standard volumetric rates and the convers ion factors are standard scientific constants fo r
mass, volume, temperature, and pressure conversions.

Volume of Dry Gas Sampled at Sta ndard Conditions

Vo lume of dry gas sampled at standard conditions, dscra
dscf a =

528 x (Y) x (VM) x (PB + PM)

29.92 x (TM + 460)

Dry standard cubic feet at 68F (528R) and 29.92 inches of Hg

Dry gas meter calibration factor
3
Sample gas Volume, ft
Barometric Pressure
Average Orifice Pressure Drop, inches of Hg
Average Dry Gas Temperature at meter, F

where:
=

y
VM
PB
PM
TM

Velocity of the Exhaust Gas

Stack gas velocity at stack conditions, afpm

afpm

5130b x Cp x SDEavg x [ 1 I (PS x MW) ]

112

where:
b

Cp
SDEavg =
PS
MS

(lb/lb-mo le) x (in. Hg)

5130 = 85.5 ft/sec [
(0 R) x (in. I-hO)
] x 60 sec/min
Pitot tube coefficient
112
(P )11\vg x (Stack Tempavg) + 460
Stack Pressure, absolute
inches of Hg = Barometric Pressure Avg Stack Static Pressure
Molecular We ight of Wet Stack Gas

Volumetric Flow Rate of the Exhaust Gas

Stack gas vo lumetric flow rate at standard conditions, dscfmc
dscfmc =

acfm x 528 x MD x PS
(29.92) X (TSavg + 460)

where :
c

MD
PS
TS avg

=
=

Dry standard cubic feet per minute at 68F (528R) and 29.92 in.Hg
Mole Fraction of Dry Gas (dimension less)
Stack Pressure, absolute, inches of Hg
Average Stack Temperature

PM EMISSIONS
Particulate Matter - Grains Per Dry Stan dard Cubic Foot
Rates in terms of grains per dry standard cubic feet (gr/dscf) will be calculated using the
po llutant rate in terms of milligrams (mg) di vided by the volume of gas collected (dscf).
gr/dscf =

0.01 54 x mg + 528 x (Y) x (VM) x (PB + PM)

[
{
29.92 x (TM + 460)
}]

dscf
0.01 54 =
y
=
VM
PB
PM
TM
=

Dry standard cubic feet at 68F (528R) and 29.92 inches Hg

0.01 54 grains per milligram
Dry gas meter calibration factor
Vo lume metered, ft 3
Barometric Pressure, inches Hg
Average O rifice Pressure Drop, inches Hg (Avg . .6H inches H2 0 + 13.6)
Average Dry Gas Temperature at Meter, F

where :

Particulate Matter - Grains Per Dry Standard Cubic Foot Corrected to 7% Oxygen
Concentrations in gr/dscf will be corrected to 7% oxygen using the following equation:
gr/dscf @ 7% 0 2 =

(2 0.9 - 7)

gr/dscf x

(20. 9 - % 0 2 measured)

Particulate Matter - Pounds Per Hou r

Rates in terms of pounds per hour (lbs/hr) will be calculated using the particulate matter rate in
terms of grains per dry standard cubic feet (gr/dscf), flowrate - dscfm (Qs), 60 minutes/
hour, divided by 7, 000 grains per pound (gr/lb).
lbs/hr

gr/dscf x Os x 60
7000

Particulate Matter - Pounds Per Million BTU

Rates in terms of pounds per million (lbs/mmBtu) will be calculated using the particulate matter
rate in terms of grains per dry standard cubic fee t (gr/dscf), f-factor (dscf/mmBtu), and oxygen
(%).
lbs/mmBtu = gr/dscf x F x 0.0001 429 x

20. 9
(20.9 - %02)