Acta Mech. Sin.

(2011) 27(5):720729
DOI 10.1007/s10409-011-0455-7

RESEARCH PAPER

An advanced higher-order theory for laminated composite plates

with general lamination angles
Zhen Wu Hong Zhu Wan-Ji Chen

Received: 4 May 2010 / Revised: 2 December 2010 / Accepted: 2 December 2010

The Chinese Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011

Abstract This paper proposes a higher-order shear deformation theory to predict the bending response of the laminated composite and sandwich plates with general lamination configurations. The proposed theory a priori satisfies
the continuity conditions of transverse shear stresses at interfaces. Moreover, the number of unknown variables is independent of the number of layers. The first derivatives of
transverse displacements have been taken out from the inplane displacement fields, so that the C0 shape functions are
only required during its finite element implementation. Due
to C0 continuity requirements, the proposed model can be
conveniently extended for implementation in commercial finite element codes. To verify the proposed theory, the fournode C0 quadrilateral element is employed for the interpolation of all the displacement parameters defined at each nodal
point on the composite plate. Numerical results show that
following the proposed theory, simple C0 finite elements
could accurately predict the interlaminar stresses of laminated composite and sandwich plates directly from a constitutive equation, which has caused diculty for the other
global higher order theories.
Keywords Laminated and sandwich composites Higherorder theory C0 continuity requirement Transverse shear
stress
The project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10802052, 11072156), the Program for Liaoning
Excellent Talents in University (LR201033), and the Program for
Science and Technology of Shenyang (F10-205-1-16).
Z. Wu () H. Zhu W.-J. Chen
Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province for
Composite Structural Analysis of Aerocraft and Simulation,
Shenyang Aerospace University, 110136 Shenyang, China
e-mail: wuzhenhk@yahoo.com.cn

1 Introduction
Due to their specific strength and stiness, laminated
and sandwich composites have been increasingly used in
aerospace, naval, automobile and other industries. However,
the material mismatch at interfaces as well as the bendingstretching coupling leads to dicult analysis of such laminated structures. In view of this situation, it is desirable to
present advanced laminated plate theories that can predict
accurate global and local responses of laminated composite
structures.
Compared to the conventional material, the shear modulus of laminated composites is so low that the transverse
shear deformation should be taken into account at formulation level. To consider the eects of transverse shear deformation, a number of higher-order displacement models [1
5] have been developed for analysis of laminated composite plates. However, the displacement and its slope in the
higher-order models [15] are continuous across the thickness, so that continuity of transverse shear stresses at the
interfaces is unable to be satisfied. To overcome the drawbacks of these models, Di Sciuva [6] proposed a zig-zag theory which is able to a priori satisfy the continuity conditions
of transverse shear stresses at interfaces. Furthermore, the
zig-zag theory has been extended to predict the mechanical,
thermal and electric behaviors of the smart composite plates
and shells [7,8]. A merit of the zig-zag theory is that continuity conditions of transverse shear stresses at interfaces
can be a priori satisfied. Nevertheless, the transverse shear
stresses can be reasonably predicted from the zig-zag theory only by integrating the three-dimensional equilibrium
equations for thin and moderately thick laminated composite plates. Moreover, the transverse shear stresses obtained
from the zig-zag theory become gradually inaccurate with
decreasing the length-to-thickness ratio.
The global-local higher order theory proposed by Li
and Liu [9] can predict accurate transverse shear stresses di-

An advanced higher-order theory for laminated composite plates with general lamination angles

rectly from constitutive equations without any postprocessing. Moreover, the number of unknown variables involved
in this model is independent of the number of layers. Numerical results show that the global-local higher order theory
has a good compromise between solution accuracy and eciency. Following this pioneering work, improvements on
the global-local higher order theory [10,11] have been made.
Compared to the zig-zag model, the global-local higher order
theory is able to provide a more accurate description of the
stress field without any postprocessing. However, their finite
element counterparts require C1 interpolation functions, as
the second order derivatives of the transverse displacement
are involved in the strain components. To satisfy C1 continuity conditions in the inter-element, the conforming thin plate
element is generally used however such examples available
in literature are very few and quite complex [12]. Therefore,
it is desired to present a model which can predict accurate
transverse shear stresses without any postprocessing. Moreover, its finite-element counterparts only require C0 interpolation functions. To this end, this paper aims at proposing an
advanced higher order theory for laminated composite structures with general lamination angle. For the proposed model,
the first derivatives of transverse displacements have been
taken out from the in-plane displacement fields, so that the
C0 shape functions are only required during its finite element
implementation.
2 Advanced higher order theory for laminate composites
with general lamination angle
An advanced higher-order theory is proposed to predict
the bending response of laminated composite and sandwich
structures with general lamination configurations. For the
k-th layer in-plane displacements u and v are assumed as a
combination of the third-order global displacement components and the local displacement components, whereas the
transverse displacement is assumed to be constant in the
thickness direction. Thus, the initial displacement fields for
the present model can be given by
uk (x, y, z) = uG (x, y, z) + ukL (x, y, z),

ukL (x, y, z) = k uk1 (x, y) + k2 uk2 (x, y) + k3 uk3 (x, y),

vkL (x, y, z) = k vk1 (x, y) + k2 vk2 (x, y) + k3 vk3 (x, y),

721

(3)

2
zk+1 + zk
, bk =
. The rezk+1 zk
zk+1 zk
lationship between global coordinates and local coordinates
can be seen in Fig. 1.
where k = ak z bk , ak =

Fig. 1 Schematic diagram for the laminated plate segment

Displacement continuity conditions

In Eqs. (1)(3), it can be found that the number of
unknowns in the initial displacement fields depends on the
number of layers. To eliminate the layer-dependent displacement variables, the displacement continuity conditions proposed by Li and Liu [9] will be used. Using the continuity
conditions of displacements at the interfaces, the following
equations can be given by
k1
uk2 = uk1 + uk1
1 + u2 ,
k1
vk2 = vk1 + vk1
1 + v2 ,

uk3 = uk1
3 ,

(4)

vk3 = vk1
3 ,
where k = 2, 3, , n; n is the total number of layers.

(1)

Continuity and boundary conditions of transverse shear

stresses

in which, uG and vG are of the global displacement components; ukL and vkL are local displacement components. The
expressions of the global displacement components can be
given by

After using the continuity conditions of displacements,

4(n 1) unknowns have been constrained. For an angle-ply
composite plate, the transverse shear stresses for the k-th ply
can be expressed as

vk (x, y, z) = vG (x, y, z) + vkL (x, y, z),

wk (x, y, z) = w0 (x, y),

uG (x, y, z) = u0 (x, y) +

3

i=1

vG (x, y, z) = v0 (x, y) +

3


kxz (z) = Q44k kxz (z) + Q45k kyz (z),

zi ui (x, y),
(2)
zi vi (x, y).

i=1

The local displacement components can be given by

kyz (z) = Q45k kxz (z) + Q55k kyz (z),

(5)

where Qi jk are transformed material constants with respect

to the global coordinates for the k-th layer. The transverse
shear strains are given by

722

Z. Wu, et al.

kxz (z) =

w0
+ u1 + 2zu2 + 3z2 u3 + ak uk1
x
+2ak k uk2 + 3ak k2 uk3 ,

k
k
+N11
v3 + N12

w0
,
y

Employing the free conditions of transverse shear

stresses at the lower surface, the local displacement parameters u13 and v13 are given by

1  w0
+ u1 + 2z1 u2 + 3z21 u3 + a1 u11 2a1 u12 ,
u13 =
3a1 x
 (7)
1  w0
1
2
1
1
v3 =
+ v1 + 2z1 v2 + 3z1 v3 + a1 v1 2a1 v2 .
3a1 y

where coecients Fik , Gki , Hik , Lki , Mik and Nik (i =

1, 2, , 12) are given in Appendix.
In Eq. (8), it is found that the first derivatives of
transverse displacement, namely w0 /x and w0 /y, appear in the in-plane displacement fields. As the first derivatives of transverse displacement are involved in the in-plane
displacement fields, C1 interpolation functions ought to be
used in the finite element implementation. To avoid using
C1 interpolation functions, the derivatives of transverse displacement have to be eliminated by employing the transverse
shear free conditions at the upper surface.
Using the transverse shear free conditions at the upper
surface, w0 /x and w0 /y can be expressed as

By imposing the continuity conditions of transverse

shear stresses at interfaces, 2(n 1) unknowns can be eliminated. The local displacement variables for the k-th ply can
be written as

w0
= A1 u11 + B1 u12 + C1 u1 + D1 u2 + E1 u3
x
+F1 v11 + G1 v12 + H1 v1 + I1 v2 + J1 v3 ,

uk1 = F1k u11 + F2k u12 + F3k u1 + F4k u2 + F5k u3

w0
= A2 u11 + B2 u12 + C2 u1 + D2 u2 + E2 u3
y

w0
+ v1 + 2zv2 + 3z2 v3 + ak vk1
y

kyz (z) =

(6)

+2ak k vk2 + 3ak k2 vk3 .

w0
k
+ F7k v11 + F8k v12 + F9k v1 + F10
v2
x
k
k w0
+F11
v3 + F12
,
y

+F2 v11 + G2 v12 + H2 v1 + I2 v2 + J2 v3 ,

+F6k

in which coecients in Eq. (9) can be found in Appendix.

After substituting Eqs. (8) and (9) into Eq. (1), the final
displacement fields can be given by

uk2 = Gk1 u11 + Gk2 u12 + Gk3 u1 + Gk4 u2 + Gk5 u3

uk = u0 + k1 (z)u11 + k2 (z)u12 + k3 (z)u1 + k4 (z)u2

w0
+ Gk7 v11 + Gk8 v12 + Gk9 v1 + Gk10 v2
+Gk6
x
w0
,
+Gk11 v3 + Gk12
y
uk3

H1k u11

H2k u12

H3k u1

H4k u2

+k5 (z)u3 + k6 (z)v11 + k7 (z)v12 + k8 (z)v1

+k9 (z)v2 + k10 (z)v3 ,
vk = v0 + 1k (z)u11 + 2k (z)u12 + 3k (z)u1 + 4k (z)u2

H5k u3

w0
k
+ H7k v11 + H8k v12 + H9k v1 + H10
v2
x
k
k w0
,
+H11
v3 + H12
y

+5k (z)u3

w0
+ Lk7 v11 + Lk8 v12 + Lk9 v1 + Lk10 v2
x
w0
,
+Lk11 v3 + Lk12
y
+Lk6

vk2

M1k u11

M2k u12

M3k u1

M4k u2

M5k u3

w0
k
+ M7k v11 + M8k v12 + M9k v1 + M10
v2
x
k
k w0
,
+M11
v3 + M12
y
+M6k

N7k v11

N8k v12

N9k v1

k
N10
v2

7k (z)v12

(10)

8k (z)v1

wk = w0 ,
(8)

in which ki and ik are the functions of material constants

and thickness of laminates. Expression of ki and ik is given
in Appendix.
3 Finite element formulation
In the present work, the four-node isoparametric element is
employed for the interpolation of all the displacement parameters defined at each nodal point on the composite plate.
Thus, the displacement variables in the present model are
discretized as follows
u0 =

4


Ni u0i ,

u11 =

i=1

vk3 = N1k u11 + N2k u12 + N3k u1 + N4k u2 + N5k u3

w0
+N6k
x

6k (z)v11

k
+9k (z)v2 + 10
(z)v3 ,

+H6k

vk1 = Lk1 u11 + Lk2 u12 + Lk3 u1 + Lk4 u2 + Lk5 u3

(9)

uj =

4

i=1

4


Ni u11i ,

u12 =

i=1

Ni u ji ,

v0 =

4

i=1

4


Ni u12i ,

i=1

Ni v0i ,

v11 =

4

i=1

Ni v11i ,

(11)

An advanced higher-order theory for laminated composite plates with general lamination angles

v12 =

4


Ni v12i ,

vj =

i=1

4


Ni v ji ,

w0 =

i=1

4


ei = [u0i v0i w0i u11i u12i u1i u2i u3i v11i v12i v1i v2i v3i ],
(i = 1, 2, 3, 4).

Ni w0i ,

i=1

1
where j = 1, 2, 3, Ni = (1 + i )(1 + i ), (i = 1, 2, 3, 4).
4
After using linear strain-displacement relationships, the
strain for the k-th layer can be given by


k = u k = B 1 B 2 B 3 B 4 e,
(12)
where
e = [ e1

B i =

e2

e3

e4 ]T ,

Ni
y

Ni
y
Ni
x

Ni
x

Ni
y

k1

Ni
x

1k

Ni
y

k1

Ni
Ni
+ 1k
y
x

k1
Ni
z

1k
Ni
z

k2

Ni
x

2k

Ni
y

k2

Ni
Ni
+ 2k
y
x

k2
Ni
z

2k
Ni
z

k3

Ni
x

3k

Ni
y

k3

Ni
Ni
+ 3k
y
x

k3
Ni
z

3k
Ni
z

k4

Ni
x

4k

Ni
y

k4

Ni
Ni
+ 4k
y
x

k4
Ni
z

4k
Ni
z

Ni
Ni
k5
+ 5k
y
x

k5
Ni
z

5k
Ni
z

Ni
5k
y

k6

Ni
x

6k

Ni
y

k6

Ni
Ni
+ 6k
y
x

k6
Ni
z

6k
Ni
z

k7

Ni
x

7k

Ni
y

k7

Ni
Ni
+ 7k
y
x

k7
Ni
z

7k
Ni
z

k8

Ni
x

8k

Ni
y

k8

Ni
Ni
+ 8k
y
x

k8
Ni
z

8k
Ni
z

k9

Ni
x

9k

Ni
y

k9

Ni
Ni
+ 9k
y
x

k9
Ni
z

9k
Ni
z

Ni
x

k
10

Ni
y

k10

Ni
k Ni
+ 10
y
x

k10
Ni
z

k
10
Ni
z

k10

After the formation of strain matrix B of the quadrilateral element is established, the element stiness matrix K e
can be given by
n i 


B T Q i B dxdy dz.
(14)
Ke=
i=1

z
0

T
0

.
z

The strain matrix can be written as follows

Ni
x

Ni
k5
x

723

i1

In terms of following equation, the vector of nodal dis-

placement e can be obtained by


K e e = P ,

(13)

(15)

in which P is a loading vector.

After obtaining the vector of nodal displacement, the
nodal stresses can be obtained directly from the constitutive
equations without any postprocessing approaches.

724

Z. Wu, et al.

4 Numerical examples
In this section, the performance of the proposed higher order
theory is assessed by the following numerical examples. The
entire plate is used to analyze the static response of angle-ply
laminated composite and sandwich plates. Mesh configuration can be found in Fig. 2, and the material constants are
given as follows.

Fig. 2 Mesh configuration of 44

Material 1: laminated plates [13]

E1 = 172.4 GPa,

E2 = E3 = 6.89 GPa,

G12 = G13 = 3.45 GPa,

G23 = 1.38 GPa,

(
x , xy ) = ( x , xy )h2 /q0 a2 ,

(
xz , yz ) = ( xz , yz )h/q0 a,

u = 100ET uh2 /q0 a3 ,

(
x , xz ) = ( x , xz )/q0 ,

where a is the length of laminated plate strip; h is the thickness of laminates.

Firstly, a laminated composite plate with lay-up [30 /
30 /30 ] and material 1 is to be studied. The distributions of stresses through the thickness of a laminated plate
are plotted in Figs. 36. It is found that the results obtained from the present model agree well with the threedimensional elasticity solution [14], whereas the results obtained from the first order shear deformation theory (FSDT)
are less accurate, especially for the transverse shear stresses.
Moreover, numerical results show that the proposed model
exactly satisfies the continuity conditions of transverse shear
stresses at interfaces and the transverse shear free conditions
on the lower and the upper surfaces. Subsequently, the laminated composite plate with lay-up [0.5 /90.5 ]S is taken into
account. In Figs. 7 and 8, the present results are compared
with the results obtained from the enhanced first-order theory (EFSDTM) based on the mixed variational theorem [13].
Numerical results show that the present results are in good
agreement with the three-dimensional elasticity solutions.
However, the EFSDTM and the FSDT are less accurate in
comparison with the exact solutions.

To further assess the range of applicability of

the present theory, a sandwich plate with lay-up
[0.05 /Core(0.05 )/0.05 ] and material 2 is also taken into
account. The distributions of in-plane displacement and
transverse shear stresses are shown in Figs. 9 and 10, respectively. Numerical results show that the present theory is
able to model the severe zig-zag and kinky variation along
the thickness in both u and xz . Moreover, the present results
agree well with the exact solution.

v12 = v13 = v23 = 0.25.

Material 2: sandwich plate [13]
Face sheets
E1 = 172.4 GPa,

E2 = E3 = 6.89 GPa,

G12 = G13 = 3.45 GPa,

G23 = 1.38 GPa,

v12 = v13 = v23 = 0.25.

Core material
E Xc = EYc = EZc = 0.1 GPa,
GcXY = GcXZ = GcYZ = 0.04 GPa,
vcXY = vcXZ = vcZX = 0.25.
Example 1 Cylindrical bending of laminated composite and
sandwich plate strip.
Stresses for laminated plates are normalized as follows

Fig. 3 In-plane stresses through thickness of [30 / 30 /30 ] plate

(a/h = 4)

An advanced higher-order theory for laminated composite plates with general lamination angles

725

Fig. 4 In-plane stresses through thickness of [30 / 30 /30 ] plate

(a/h = 4)

Fig. 7 In-plane stresses through thickness of [0.5 /90.5 ]S plate

(a/h = 4)

Fig. 5 Transverse shear stresses through thickness of [30 /

30 /30 ] plate (a/h = 4)

Fig. 8 Transverse shear stresses through thickness of [0.5 /90.5 ]S

plate (a/h = 4)

Fig. 6 Transverse shear stresses through thickness of [30 /

30 /30 ] plate (a/h = 4)

Fig. 9 In-plane displacement through thickness of [0.05 /

Core(0.05 )/0.05 ] sandwich plate (a/h = 10)

726

Z. Wu, et al.

verse shear stresses of the angle-ply laminated composite

and sandwich plates directly from the constitutive equations,
is lacking in the published literature. Thus, the present work
fills this gap.

Fig. 10 Transverse shear stress through thickness of [0.05 /

Core(0.05 )/0.05 ] sandwich plate (a/h = 10)

Example 2 Square laminated composite plate simply supported on all edges and subjected to a sinusoidal transverse
loading q = q0 sin(x/a) sin(y/b), is analyzed.
Stresses for laminated plates are normalized as follows

Fig. 11 Transverse shear stress through thickness of [45 /45 /

45 /45 ] plate (a/h = 4)

(
xz , yz ) = ( xz , yz )h/q0 a.
To further evaluate the range of applicability of the
present theory, a laminated composite plate simply supported
on all edges with lay-up [45 /45 / 45 /45 ] and material 1 is to be taken into account. The distributions of
transverse shear stresses obtained from the present theory are
compared with the three-dimensional elasticity solutions as
well as other published results in Figs. 11 and 12. It can be
found that the present results obtained directly from the constitutive equations agree well with the exact solutions. The
results computed by Cho and Choi [15], however, are less
accurate in comparison with the exact solutions.
5 Conclusions
This paper proposes an advanced higher-order theory a priori satisfying the continuity conditions of transverse shear
stresses at the interfaces of the general laminated composite plates. The merit of the proposed model is that its finiteelement counterparts only require C0 interpolation functions,
as the first derivatives of the transverse displacement are
only involved in the strain expression. Thus, the four-node
isoparametric element is employed for the interpolation of
all the displacement parameters defined at each nodal point
on the composite plate. Numerical results showed that the
present C0 finite element model is quite capable of analyzing angle-ply laminated composite and sandwich plates under dierent support and loading conditions. In fact, the
C0 finite element model, which can accurately predict trans-

Fig. 12 Transverse shear stress through thickness of [45 /45 /

45 /45 ] plate (a/h = 4)

Appendix
By using the continuity conditions of transverse shear stresses at
interfaces, the coecients Fik , Gki , Hik , Lki , Mik and Nik can be determined. For k = 1, the coecients can be written as
F11 = 1,

1
F21 = F31 = F41 = = F12
= 0,

G12 = 1,

G11 = G13 = G14 = = G112 = 0,

L17 = 1,

L11 = L12 = = L16 = L18 = = L112 = 0,

M81 = 1,

1
M11 = M21 = = M71 = M91 = = M12
= 0,

An advanced higher-order theory for laminated composite plates with general lamination angles
1
H11 = ,
3
H41 =

2z1
,
3a1

H21 =

2
,
3

H51 =

z21
,
a1

1
= 0,
H71 = H81 = = H12

1
N71 = ,
3
1
,
N91 =
3a1
1
N11
=

z21
,
a1

H31 =

1
,
3a1

H61 =

1
,
3a1

N11 = N21 = = N61 = 0,

N81 =

2
,
3

1
N10
=

2z1
,
3a1

1
N12
=

1
.
3a1

The coecients for k > 1 can be calculated from the following

recursive equations
3(1 + k )Hik1
Fik = (2 + k )Fik1 2(1 + k )Gk1
i
+k (Lk1
+ 2Mik1 + 3Nik1 ) + S i ,
i
Lki = (2 + k )Lk1
2(1 + k )Mik1 3(1 + k )Nik1
i
+k (Fik1 + 2Gk1
+ 3Hik1 ) + Si ,
i
Gki = Fik + Fik1 + Gk1
i ,

Hik = Hik1 ,

+ Mik1 ,
Mik = Lki + Lk1
i

Nik = Nik1 ,

where
S 3 = S 6 = k ,
S5 =

3z2k k ,

S 4 = 2zk k ,
S 9 = S 12 = k ,

S 10 = 2zk k ,

S 11 = 3z2k k ,

S 1 = S 2 = S 7 = S 8 = 0,

S3 = S6 = k ,

S4 = 2zk k ,

S5 = 3z2k k ,

S9 = S12 = k ,

S10 = 2zk k ,

S11 = 3z2k k ,

S1 = S2 = S7 = S8 = 0,

i = 1, 2, , 12,
k = 2, 3, , n.

Q
44k1 Q55k Q45k1 Q45k ak1
,
k =
2
ak
Q44k Q55k Q45k

Q45k1 Q45k Q44k1 Q55k  1
,
k = 1 +
ak
Q44k Q55k Q245k

Q
55k1 Q45k Q45k1 Q55k ak1
,
k =
ak
Q44k Q55k Q245k

Q
55k1 Q45k Q45k1 Q55k 1
k =
,
ak
Q44k Q55k Q245k

Q
55k1 Q44k Q45k1 Q45k ak1
,
k =
ak
Q44k Q55k Q245k

Q45k1 Q45k Q55k1 Q44k  1
k = 1 +
,
ak
Q44k Q55k Q245k

Q
44k1 Q45k Q45k1 Q44k ak1
,
k =
ak
Q44k Q55k Q245k

Q
44k1 Q45k Q45k1 Q44k 1
.
k =
ak
Q44k Q55k Q245k
By applying the free conditions of transverse shear stresses at
the upper surface, the following coecients can be obtained

727

2 (1)1 (12) 1 (1)(2 (12) + 1)

,

2 (2)1 (12) 1 (2)(2 (12) + 1)

,
B1 =

2 (3)1 (12) (1 (3) + 1)(2 (12) + 1)

C1 =
,

2 (4)1 (12) (1 (4) + 2zn+1 )(2 (12) + 1)

,
D1 =

A1 =

2 (5)1 (12) (1 (5) + 3z2n+1 )(2 (12) + 1)

,

2 (7)1 (12) 1 (7)(2 (12) + 1)

,
F1 =

2 (8)1 (12) 1 (8)(2 (12) + 1)

,
G1 =

(2 (9) + 1)1 (12) 1 (9)(2 (12) + 1)

,
H1 =

(2 (10) + 2zn+1 )1 (12) 1 (10)(2 (12) + 1)

I1 =
,

E1 =

(2 (11) + 3z2n+1 )1 (12) 1 (11)(2 (12) + 1)

,

1 (1)2 (6) 2 (1)(1 (6) + 1)

,
A2 =

1 (2)2 (6) 2 (2)(1 (6) + 1)

B2 =
,

(1 (3) + 1)2 (6) 2 (3)(1 (6) + 1)

,
C2 =

(1 (4) + 2zn+1 )2 (6) 2 (4)(1 (6) + 1)

D2 =
,

J1 =

(1 (5) + 3z2n+1 )2 (6) 2 (5)(1 (6) + 1)

,

1 (7)2 (6) 2 (7)(1 (6) + 1)

,
F2 =

1 (8)2 (6) 2 (8)(1 (6) + 1)

G2 =
,

1 (9)2 (6) (2 (9) + 1)(1 (6) + 1)

,
H2 =

1 (10)2 (6) (2 (10) + 2zn+1 )(1 (6) + 1)

,
I2 =

E2 =

1 (11)2 (6) (2 (11) + 3z2n+1 )(1 (6) + 1)

,

1 (i) = an Fin + 2anGni + 3an Hin ,

J2 =

2 (i) = an Lni + 2an Min + 3an Nin ,

= (an F6n + 2anGn6 + 3an H6n + 1)
n
n
(an Ln12 + 2an M12
+ 3an N12
+ 1)
n
n
(an F12
+ 2anGn12 + 3an H12
)

(an Ln6 + 2an M6n + 3an N6n ).

lows

The coecients ki and ik can be detailedly expressed as fol-

ki = Rki k + S ik k2 + T ik k3 + Zi ,
ik = Oki k + Pki k2 + Qki k3 + Zi ,

728

Z. Wu, et al.
k
Pk3 = M3k + M6k C1 + M12
C2 ,

where
Z3 = z,

Z4 = z2 ,

Z5 = z3 ,

Zi = 0,

(i  3, 4, 5),

Z8 = z,

Z9 = z2 ,

Z10 = z3 ,

Zi = 0,

(i  8, 9, 10),

Rk1
S 1k
T 1k

F1k

Gk1

+ Gk6 A1

+ Gk12 A2 ,

H1k

H6k A1

k
H12
A2 ,

F6k A1

k
F12
A2 ,

k
Rk2 = F2k + F6k B1 + F12
B2 ,

S 2k
T 2k
Rk3

Gk2

+ Gk6 B1

+ Gk12 B2 ,

H2k

H6k B1

k
H12
B2 ,

F3k

F6k C1

k
+ F12
C2 ,

S 3k = Gk3 + Gk6C1 + Gk12C2 ,

T 3k
Rk4

H3k

F4k

H6k C1

k
H12
C2 ,

F6k D1

k
+ F12
D2 ,

S 4k = Gk4 + Gk6 D1 + Gk12 D2 ,

k
T 4k = H4k + H6k D1 + H12
D2 ,
k
Rk5 = F5k + F6k E1 + F12
E2 ,

S 5k = Gk5 + Gk6 E1 + Gk12 E2 ,

k
E2 ,
T 5k = H5k + H6k E1 + H12
k
Rk6 = F7k + F6k F1 + F12
F2 ,

S 6k = Gk7 + Gk6 F1 + Gk12 F2 ,

k
T 6k = H7k + H6k F1 + H12
F2 ,
k
G2 ,
Rk7 = F8k + F6k G1 + F12

k
Qk3 = N3k + N6k C1 + N12
C2 ,

Ok4 = Lk4 + Lk6 D1 + Lk12 D2 ,

k
Pk4 = M4k + M6k D1 + M12
D2 ,
k
D2 ,
Qk4 = N4k + N6k D1 + N12

Ok5 = Lk5 + Lk6 E1 + Lk12 E2 ,

k
Pk5 = M5k + M6k E1 + M12
E2 ,
k
E2 ,
Qk5 = N5k + N6k E1 + N12

Ok6 = Lk7 + Lk6 F1 + Lk12 F2 ,

k
F2 ,
Pk6 = M7k + M6k F1 + M12
k
Qk6 = N7k + N6k F1 + N12
F2 ,

Ok7 = Lk8 + Lk6G1 + Lk12G2 ,

k
G2 ,
Pk7 = M8k + M6k G1 + M12
k
Qk7 = N8k + N6k G1 + N12
G2 ,

Ok8 = Lk9 + Lk6 H1 + Lk12 H2 ,

k
Pk8 = M9k + M6k H1 + M12
H2 ,
k
H2 ,
Qk8 = N9k + N6k H1 + N12

Ok9 = Lk10 + Lk6 I1 + Lk12 I2 ,

k
k
+ M6k I1 + M12
I2 ,
Pk9 = M10
k
k
+ N6k I1 + N12
I2 ,
Qk9 = N10

Ok10 = Lk11 + Lk6 J1 + Lk12 J2 ,

S 7k = Gk8 + Gk6G1 + Gk12G2 ,

k
k
+ M6k J1 + M12
J2 ,
Pk10 = M11

k
T 7k = H8k + H6k G1 + H12
G2 ,

k
k
Qk10 = N11
+ N6k J1 + N12
J2 .

k
Rk8 = F9k + F6k H1 + F12
H2 ,

S 8k = Gk9 + Gk6 H1 + Gk12 H2 ,

k
T 8k = H9k + H6k H1 + H12
H2 ,
k
k
Rk9 = F10
+ F6k I1 + F12
I2 ,

S 9k = Gk10 + Gk6 I1 + Gk12 I2 ,

k
k
+ H6k I1 + H12
I2 ,
T 9k = H10
k
k
Rk10 = F11
+ F6k J1 + F12
J2 ,
k
S 10
= Gk11 + Gk6 J1 + Gk12 J2 ,
k
k
k
T 10
= H11
+ H6k J1 + H12
J2 ,

Ok1 = Lk1 + Lk6 A1 + Lk12 A2 ,

k
Pk1 = M1k + M6k A1 + M12
A2 ,
k
Qk1 = N1k + N6k A1 + N12
A2 ,

Ok2 = Lk2 + Lk6 B1 + Lk12 B2 ,

k
B2 ,
Pk2 = M2k + M6k B1 + M12
k
Qk2 = N2k + N6k B1 + N12
B2 ,

Ok3 = Lk3 + Lk6C1 + Lk12C2 ,

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