RC Design 2 - Dr.

Hany Nessim

Monday, December 10, 2012

Cantilever Type Stairs

Stairs

Stairs are needed

to transfer people
vertically in the
building between
levels.

Stairs width 0.9

1.5m and stair
well is 0.3-0.6m

Monday, December 10, 2012

RC Design 2 - Dr. Hany Nessim

Landing

t
gh
Fli

wi d
th

riser

g
goin

Landings

Flights: contains 10-14 steps; each has

Risers: 150 200mm

Going (treads): 250 300mm

Structural System for Cantilever Stairs

RC Design 2 - Dr. Hany Nessim

Monday, December 10, 2012

Stairs Components

Pu

Wu

RC Design 2 - Dr. Hany Nessim

Monday, December 10, 2012

Forces & Reinforcement

Ld
Lclear

Minimum Dimensions

RC Design 2 - Dr. Hany Nessim

Monday, December 10, 2012

t* =

ts
cos

t avg

riser
=t +
2

t*

riser

ts

tavg

Lclear + tavg

Leff = min.
edge to C.L.

Monday, December 10, 2012

RC Design 2 - Dr. Hany Nessim

Loading

Dead Loads

Self weight = tavg* conc

Covering
= 0.81.0 kN/m2

Live Loads

3 4 kN/m2

riser

tavg

ts

Parapet Load

Concentrated L.L. @ edge = 1.5kN/m

Example

Monday, December 10, 2012

RC Design 2 - Dr. Hany Nessim

Example
Design a cantilever type stair case for a floor height
of 3.0m
Loads:
Covering material 0.8kN/m2
Live Load 3.0 kN/m2
Materials:
fcu = 35N/mm2
fy = 400 N/mm2

RC Design 2 - Dr. Hany Nessim

Monday, December 10, 2012

Solution
1] Design of the Flight
Assume the riser height is 150mm and the going
width is 300mm.
= tan-1(riser/going) = tan-1 (150/300) = 26.56
1.1) Load Calculations
Assume ts=140mm
t
140
t* = s =
= 156.5mm
cos cos(26.56)

t avg = t * +

t*
riser

ts

tavg

riser
150
= 156.5 +
= 231.5mm
2
2

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Monday, December 10, 2012

RC Design 2 - Dr. Hany Nessim

Solution
1.1) Load Calculations (contd)
Dead Load = conc tavg + covering materials
= 25*0.2315 + 0.8 = 6.5875 kN/m2
Wu = 1.4DL + 1.6LL = 1.4*6.5875 + 1.6*3
= 14.023 kN/m2
Pu = 1.6*1.5 = 2.4 kN/m
t*
riser

1.2) Effective Length

ts

tavg

Lclear + t avg
1.6 + 0.2315 = 1.8315m
Leffective = min .
= min .

1.6 + 0.125 = 1.725m

edge to CL

RC Design 2 - Dr. Hany Nessim

Monday, December 10, 2012

11

Solution
1.3) Bending Moments

Pu = 2.4kN
Wu = 14kN/m

Mu = Wul2/2 + Pul
= 14.02*1.7252/2 + 2.4*1.725 = 25kN.m/m
1.4) Design of Reinforcement
Assume 20mm cover d= tavg 20mm = 211.5mm
R1 =

Mu
25 x10 6
=
= 0.016
f cu bd 2 35 *1000 * 211.52

from curves = 0.019

As =
12

f cu
35
bd = 0.019
1000 * 211.5 = 346mm 2
fy
400

Monday, December 10, 2012

RC Design 2 - Dr. Hany Nessim

Solution
1.5) Check for Minimum Reinforcement
As ,min =

0.6
0.6
bd =
1000 * 211.5 = 317 mm 2 < As
fy
400

ok

As/step = As x step width (going)

= 347 x 0.30 = 104mm2
choose 2 10 (157mm2)/step

RC Design 2 - Dr. Hany Nessim

Monday, December 10, 2012

13

Solution
2] Design of The Landing
take thickness = ts = 140mm
Wu = 1.4DL + 1.6LL
= 1.4(25*0.14+0.8) + 1.6*3 = 10.82kN/m2

As an approximation take half of the load in each

direction; Wul = 10.82/2 = 5.41kN/m
Mu = WulxL2

effective/2

= 5.41*1.7252/2 = 8.05 kN.m

Take d = ts 20mm = 120mm

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Monday, December 10, 2012

RC Design 2 - Dr. Hany Nessim

Solution
2] Design of The Landing (contd)
R1 =

Mu
8.05 x10 6
=
= 0.0159
2
f cu bd
35 *1000 *120 2

From curves = 0.019

As =

f cu
35
bd = 0.019
1000 *120 = 196mm 2
fy
400

Choose 510mm (393mm2)>As,min

ok

RC Design 2 - Dr. Hany Nessim

Monday, December 10, 2012

15

Solution
3] Design of the Supporting Beam
3.1) Calculation of Loads
Assume the beam cross section is 250 x 800mm.
To obtain weight in the hal projection use t*b
t
800
t *b =
=
= 894.4mm
cos cos(26.56)
Self weight = 1.4*c*b*t*b = 1.4*25*0.25*0.8944
= 7.83 kN/m
hw=3-floor beam-t*b-1.5/2 = 3-0.6-0.89-0.75

16

=0.755m

Monday, December 10, 2012

RC Design 2 - Dr. Hany Nessim

Solution
3.1) Calculation of Loads (contd)
Wall load = 1.4(w*tw+0.9)*hw
= 1.4(16*0.25+0.9) * 0.755 = 5.18kN/m

Wu = self wt. + Wuxflight width + wall load + edge live load

Wubf = 7.83 + 14.02x1.6 + 5.18 + 2.4 = 37.84 kN/m

RC Design 2 - Dr. Hany Nessim

Monday, December 10, 2012

17

Solution
3.1) Calculation of Loads (contd)
The load transmitted to the beam @ the landing level
Wubl = self wt. + Wulxlanding width + wall load
Wubl = 7.83 + 5.41x1.6 + 5.18 = 21.67 kN/m

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Monday, December 10, 2012

RC Design 2 - Dr. Hany Nessim

Solution

Wubl =
Wubf = 37.84kN/m

3.2) Design for Flexure

37.84x3x(1.6 +1.5) + 21.67x1.6x0.8
= 82.53kN
4.6
37.84x3x1.5 + 21.67x1.6x(3 + 0.8)
R2 =
= 65.66kN
4.6

21.67kN/m

R1 =

R2
3.0m

1.6m

Location of maximum moment x R1 X =

x' =

R1 82.53
=
= 2.18m
Wubf 37.84

M max = R1x'Wubf

x '2
2

= 82.53 * 2.18 - 37.84 *

Mmax =

2.182
2

=90 kN.m

RC Design 2 - Dr. Hany Nessim

Monday, December 10, 2012

19

Solution
3.2) Design for Flexure (contd)
R1 =

From Curve =0.02196

As =

f cu
35
bd = 0.02196
250 * 750 = 360.3mm 2
fy
400

Check for minimum reinforcement

As ,min

20

Mu
90 x106
=
= 0.0183
f cu bd 2 35 * 250 * 750 2

0.225 f cu

0.225 35
bd =
250 * 750 = 623mm 2 < As

fy
400
= smaller of

2
1.3 As = 1.3 * 360.3 = 468.4mm

As < As,min use As,min = 468.4mm2 (Choose 316, 603mm2)

10

Monday, December 10, 2012

RC Design 2 - Dr. Hany Nessim

Solution
3.3) Design for Shear & Torsion
due to inclination the reaction or any vertical force on the beam
will result in:
W =
shear;

Wubf =
37.84kN/m

Q = V.cos

Normal; N = V.sin

ubl

21.67k
N/m

R2
N

3.3.1) Shear Stresses

R1

3.0m

1.6m

The cretical section is @ d/2 from face of support;

Assuming the column width is 600mm critical section is at
distance = (0.6/2 + 0.75/2)
V = R1-Wubf(0.6/2+0.75/2) = 82.53 37.84 (0.3+0.375)
= 57 kN

RC Design 2 - Dr. Hany Nessim

Monday, December 10, 2012

21

Qu = V.cos = 57xcos(26.56)= 51 kN

Solution
3.3.1) Shear Stresses (contd)
qu = Qu/bd = 51x103/(250x750) = 0.272 N/mm2

3.3.2) Shear Reinforcement

qcu = 0.24
qcu = 0.24

f cu

& q umax = 0.7

f cu

35
35
= 1.16 N/mm 2 & q umax = 0.7
= 3.38 N / mm 2
1 .5
1.5

qu < qcu shear reinforcement is not needed

22

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Monday, December 10, 2012

RC Design 2 - Dr. Hany Nessim

Solution
X1

3.3.3) Torsion Stresses

x1 = 250-2x40 = 170mm
y1 = 800-2x40 = 720mm

Y1

ph = 2x(x1 + y1) = 2x(170 + 720) = 1780mm

Aoh= x1.y1 = 170x720 = 122400mm2
Ao = 0.85Aoh = 0.85x122400 = 104040mm2
te = Aoh/ph = 122400/1780 = 68.76mm

RC Design 2 - Dr. Hany Nessim

Monday, December 10, 2012

23

Solution
3.3.3) Torsion Stresses
(contd)
RT1 =

MTul = 8.05kN.m
MTuf = 25kN.m

25x3x(1.6 +1.5) + 8.05x1.6x0.8

= 52.8kN.m
4.6

RT2

Critical section for torsion is @

d/2 from face of support

3.0m

1.6m

RT1

Tu = 52.8 25 (0.6/2+0.75/2)
= 35.9 kN.m

MTu = Tu.cos = 35.9xcos26.56

= 32.1 kN.m qtu
24

M tu
32.1x106
=
=
= 2.24 N / mm 2
2 Ao te 2 x104040 x68.76

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Monday, December 10, 2012

RC Design 2 - Dr. Hany Nessim

Solution
3.3.4) Check for adequacy of concrete dimensions
qu2 + qtu2 qu max
0.2722 + 2.24 2 = 2.26 3.38

ok

3.3.5) Torsional Reinforcement

qtu ,min = 0.06

f cu

= 0.06

35
= 0.29 N / mm 2
1.5

Qtu > qtu,min torsional reinforcement is needed

Assume stirrups spacing is 100mm

Astr =

RC Design 2 - Dr. Hany Nessim

Monday, December 10, 2012

25

M tu S
32.1x10 6 x100
=
= 73.97 mm 2
f
240

2 Ao ystr . 2 x104040 x
1.15
s

Solution
3.3.5) Torsional Reinforcement (contd)

Asl =

Astr . Ph f ystr . 73.97 x1780 240

2
=

= 790mm
S f y
100
400

Check for minimum longitudinal reinforcement

0.4
Asl ,min . =

c
fy / s

0.4
Asl ,min . =

f cu

Ac

A f ystr .
str . Ph
S f y

35
250 * 800
1.5
73.97
240
2

x1780 x
= 320mm ok
400 / 1.15
100
400

Choose 812 (904mm2)

26

13

Monday, December 10, 2012

RC Design 2 - Dr. Hany Nessim

Solution
3.3.6) Reinforcement for combined shear and torsion
Astr + Ast/2 = 73.97+0 = 73.97mm2
Choose 10mm @ 100mm (78.5mm2)

Check for minimum stirrups reinforcement

Ast,min = (0.4/fy)b.s = (0.4/240)250x100 = 41.67mm2
Total area of stirrups = 2Astr + Ast = 2x73.97 + 0 = 147.94mm2
> Ast,min

ok

Solution

RC Design 2 - Dr. Hany Nessim

Monday, December 10, 2012

27

28

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RC Design 2 - Dr. Hany Nessim

Monday, December 10, 2012

RC Design 2 - Dr. Hany Nessim

Monday, December 10, 2012

Solution

29

Solution

30

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