T\VI

700t

THE WELDING INSTTTUTE

SECTION4

TWI

70[t

THE WELDING biSTTTUTE

DESTRUCTIVETESTING _
NPT - Lc \""l
Destructive tests on welded
joints are usually made as part
of the approval of a welding
procedure or a welder.

dqh"q!1,-7

f":'\
The test pieces are clrt from the
test weld and their locatronis often
specifiedin the standard.

British Standardsfor Testingof Welds

BS 709: 1983Methodsof testingfusion
weldediointsand weld metalin steel
Commonlyused destructivetests

Bend
Tensile
\Jt

td,t Py

Fracturetests
(

Macrosection

\lo+dr'.*

[caf

Test weld along

tre of pla(e

Macro-seciion

R e n o v a (o f l e s t - p i e c e s
for deslruclive-l esling

WELDING TECHNOLOGY

,ssue0791

l t l

T\MI

a,L,U[

Tt-F \\:rT)i\a,

\ --:-T

B E N DT E S T S( i r a n s v e r saen d l o n g i t u d i n a l )
O biect
To determinethe soundnessof weid
metal, heat affectedzone and weld
These tests may also be used to give
some rneasLlreof the ductilityof the
weld zone. lt is not usualto use
lonqitudinal
and transverse
beod
T6Etsfor ihe s-;;r-applicr-iion.=_:

re.sronior rco i beno

----------

.--

i e s i o r e c ei o r
flce or.oot Dend
Surface in contact
is 9t'ound lLat

Method

vith

forner

The specimenis bent by the

movement of a former of prescribed
diameter,the relevantside of the
specimento be placedin tension.
Angle of bend and diameterof former
shouldbe as specifiedin the
appropriateapplicationstandard.
la)

Reporting Besults
1.

Thickness
of specimen-p.F*

2.

Directionof bend (rootor tace)

-

Angreof beno d
niimotor

nr rnrrnor

*. y

\U-'r*'{r

-1

':l

.r I

.v+r

ie.tt

,-:/--

-'l.t

F . r c eb e n d

tsi\
I

,-J-

Appearanceof jointafter bending,

e.g. type and locationof flaws.
R - Roller 1u')r)orl

4.2

WELDING TECHNOLOGY
lssue 0191

TWI

wgt

TIIE WELD i ]\GUVSTj.T1JTE-

SIDEBENDTEST
ObJect
To determinethe soundnessof a
weldedjoint in a crosssection.
This may be prefenedto the transverse
bendtest on thickmaterials.
Methocl

T h i ss i d ea n
forside
tension
ono
Te5t-piecelor ride bend

The testingmethodis the same

as that usedfor transversebends.

Force

ReportingResults
1.

Width and thicknessof specimen

z.

Angle of bend

.).

Diameterof former
R = Roller supporl

Appearanceof joint after bending

e.g. type and location of flaws

^f

<n*ifia.i

radrus
(r) at efld

WELDING TECHNOLOGY

lssue0191

TWI

700s

THE $,ELDINC TXST|N.]'I:

T R A N S V E R S ET E N S I L ET E S T

'

'-

a!

O bj e c t
Used to measurethe transversetensilestrenaihunderstaticrr ^! o- ,t .r 1r r, r^g^
loint employingbuttwelds.

^; ^ a, *
!/r c, UUtr

The test is not de-stgned_tq_g.iyq_theje

ns ile sttelglh ol llqlle lelnetat.
Method
The testpieceis clampedat each end and a load is applied by a hydraulicor
screw mechanism. The load is increaseduntil fractureoccurs.
Reporting Results
1.

Type of specimen(e.9.reducedsection)

2.

Whether excessweld metal is removedor not

J-

Tensile strengthin N/mmz,is calculatedfrom maximumload and original

cross sectionalareas. When excess weld metal is not removedthe
cross sectionalarea shall be the productof the parent metal thrckness
and the widthof the specimen.
Locationof fracture,whether in parent metal, heat affectedzone or weld
metal. lf the fractureis in the parent metal,the distancefrom the weld
zone shall be staied.

5.

ri/

Locationand type of any flaws present on the fracturesurfaces.

i.reld*-"-^-F
i+
)
"..-l4

()

.-., O\-TG

"

.F-.t""<

--J

\v<\r\c

&c'o--

s4

'^"o-Ll
11=--..-..y

o'l(-

w---+--Yg-L

Va,.o*[

o' - t'
.(A.e

g(I9 - ;ri+"';\-

[t-) t\"f"
--

r W6Tr--

.
A"a^r. - & *V,-Fr,--

1z'^".:\

Yr"<1Lu

f - {-.ac}'"-c
t=-a)'

a-

Lt-i

- b--;--,q-"-\+))4 vts'--\h-

WELDING TECHNOLOGY
lssue 0191

T\^/I

lulil7
-

- t-acp ag{lC H A R P YV I ' I O T C HI M P A C TT E S T

-Fh*',---iLr:\'

c,e-rq i:!

,s

l^$;..
itr,C't,*u

!.

tti---

L\Q_v

!!-n-7

<''a

-.',$-l
l

;F lzicce

trJ-}

Ob j e c t

C,':;'i,

:e::9r--aa

To
- ' - 'determine
' - - - ' : - - - , the amounto_fengrly
absorbed in fracturing a standardised
toc'rro^o

.t

c^d.;fi6.i

t.mperatufe.

Method

,ai>z

A machined,notcnedspecimenis
broken by one blowfrom a pendulum.
Because scattef occurs in the results,
at leastthree specimensare usedto
assess the .jointrepresented.

Rool radius
0 . 2 5n m

Testing is carried out at a

temperaturespecifiedin the
appropriateapplicationstandardin
accordancewith BS 131: n Z 1972.
Reporting Results
Location and orientationof the notch
-r^^+i^^
I c J L r r g r t r rr r P E / d t u r E - \ . - .
'"
/t,.!\ .r vr l*.,.':. .
l] 1
"
*
.1.

1-^^.,,-^
l| clLlurc

| ^^^r;^^

^^,,
dt iy

., i- .-:

t
. t

^l
ur

"

- "t

Enercv aosoroed
n^-^-i^+i^^
L./sJUr rPLrurr

',,

dPPEdr

'
-

dr rLc

'Tesl.ptece

Charpy inpac! machtne

^l
ur

A^1^^+^
utrlELl5

Test Drece

U-.

i r-\'.
-.,.!j

Testprecein posrtron

WELDING TECHNOLOGY
I s s u e0 1 9 1

-':

-.:,.,

E n e r g y a b 5 o f b e dd u r n q
I r a ct u r e ! r p . o p o r l | o n a l
rolA-B)

k,

TWI

vtir$

TE

\\ 3L-IllNG l-\ST:T1:i:

F I L L E T W E L D F R A C T U R ET E S T
O bj e c t
of the fracture
To break the jointthroughthe weld to permitexamination
sudaces.

Method

The specimenis cut to lengthand a saw cut, normally2mm deep,is made

alongthe centreof the weldface. The specimenis fracturedby bendingor by
hammerblows.
Reporting Results
1.

Thicknessof parent metal

Th i'oat thicknessand leg length
Locatronof fracture

Appearanceof joint after fracture

Depthof penetration,4ack
of penetration
or fusion
Hanner ar

lL.o

WELDING TECHNOLOGY
lgsue 0191

TWI

w[t

THE WELDiNC TNSTI]'UTE

.NICK'BREAK
TEST
Object
As for fillet weld fracture
Method
The specimen is ct,t transverselyto the weld, and a saw cut is appliedalong
the centre of the weld face. The soecimen is fracturedby bendingor by
hammer blows.

ReportingResults
.l.

Thicknessof material

2.

\l fi;+tr ^{ -^^^;-^^
t r r \ r L rI v r J P r i \ ? | | I t E l I

.).

Locationof fracture
Appearanceof joint after fracture

\t,r--V ot!<kA L')

\++z-DNv;<T61T
L\-..4".--' guLvtc

3;

$.-i.Ut
K-uzL'*J

g'-'r*-q

\
<-raJ. - !=".-.-I i"--. :\-. l-eJ c'tfi1q-4 2.",a
'*-<9--e]J

rtJ

l:,-["@'&*f, e- ]"*+
6w\2
\*r-\.V..-oA, !

v r

WELDINGTECHNOLOGY
lssue0191

--"1
--i

.
a
\caN I

A-Q,fi-.j^,'4

p<tlr-1 C--"-'-.,-vt- *

|3"

4.7

T\ryI

700){

THE WELDTNG LNSTITL,ITE

OUESTIONS
MECHANICALTESTINGOF WELDMENTS

Q1

From a tensiletest the followingitems were progressively

recorded
a)
b)

load
extension

lf the originallengthis also known,statewhat cin"bdassessed.

Q2

/a

LI'J

o4

Q5

{-"1,\.,4.4

't

os/+

\^;

] <:: '-,!