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I.
INTRODUCTION
Running the inverters with 120 phase shift offers threephase induced voltage testing, while 0 phase shift allows
single phase induced voltage testing at full power. Although
intended mainly for transformer testing, this also offers testing
a cable of 5F at 36kV and 50Hz, for instance.
TABLE I.
Finally, the mobile test set comes with a 500kV reactor for
resonant applied voltage testing. The reactor sits on a frame
that can be moved out of the container to provide the required
spacing (fig. 7). The reactor has an inductance of 400H, which
together with the coupling capacitor of 2nF results in a resonant
frequency of about 178Hz. With the minimum frequency of the
inverter of 15Hz, a load capacitance of up to 200nF can be
covered for applied voltage testing. However, with increasing
capacitance, the current limitation of the reactor limits the
maximum voltage. Given the current limit of 4A, the 500kV
can be reached up to about 25nF, whereas the resonance
frequency is close to 50Hz, then.
Configuration
LV Input 2
HV Output 1, Delta
11.8kV
97.9A
8.5kV
135.2A
HV Output 1, Star
20.4kV
56.5A
14.8kV
78.1A
HV Output 2, Delta
26.1kV
44.3A
18.9kV
61.2A
HV Output 2, Star
45.1kV
25.6A
32.7kV
35.3A
HV Output 3, Delta
52.0kV
22.2A
37.7kV
30.7A
HV Output 3, Star
90.1kV
12.8A
65.2kV
17.7A
IV.
ON-SITE TESTING
Power Requirements
Transformer I
Transformer II
112/22kV
235/20kV
Nominal Power
63MVA
660MVA
Apparent Power
38kVA (@1.0UN)
240kVA (@1.5UN)
24kW (@1.0UN)
190kW (@1.5UN)
Nominal Voltage
V.
VI.
ACOUSTIC LOCATION
Typically, before attempting an acoustic location, an indepth partial discharge diagnosis is performed in order to
understand the rough location of the source in terms of
dominant phase, phase-to-phase, or phase-to-ground discharge,
for instance. Based on these results, the suspected area of the
transformer is scanned placing several acoustic sensors on the
tank wall (fig. 9) to find acoustic signals correlated to the
electrical partial discharge signal.
Figure 10. Acoustic travel time with respect to the electrical PD signal
Figure 13. Bushing coupling unit and adapter connected to a test tap
Alternatively, higher frequencies can be covered with builtin UHF antennas mounted on a spare flange or fitted to a drain
valve of the transformer under test (fig. 14). Sadly, often
transformer design does not provide such UHF access via the
drain valve. In more than 50% of the cases the drain valve does
not offer a fully open cross-section, continues internally with
an elbow, faces a 45 stiffener plate, or runs via pipe directly to
the conservator.
Fig. 15 shows an example of such a partial discharge
monitoring instrument (upper left corner) as part of an overall
transformer monitoring system. Here, the instrument talks to
the local monitoring system covering temperatures, voltages,
and other parameters, which then reports to the SCADA
system.
Alternatively, the PD monitoring device itself is already
equipped with a TCP/IP interface acting according to the
IEC61850. Besides the values for partial discharge monitoring,
which are already included with the relevant section of this
standard, further parameters can be added into the model
description, including the -q-n pattern or more in-depth
trending information, for instance.
VIII. SUMMARY
Besides wanted effects, deregulation has caused a reduced
investment in the grid and, hence, has caused a larger
population of service-aged substation equipment.
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