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IASbaba- Revise Culture Related Terms-Part 5

IASbaba

This is the compilation from CCRT and NIOS

Hope it helps

Art Form

Tribe

Key features

ChadarBadar

Santhal

Performing Art Puppetry that tells stories Terai region of

of Santhal way of life and migration
himalayas

Saura

Saura

Painting Similar to Warli but larger and

elongated. Natural colors are used

Odisha

Kalaripayattu

Martial art One of the oldest fighting

systems in existence

Kerala

Silambam

Martial art Weapon based martial art.

Uses animal movements of tiger, snake,
eagle forms and foot work patterns plays
an important role;
Kuttuvarasai part of silambam
unarmed version

Tamilnadu

Martial art Sword and shield fighting.

Techniques are also used in chau dance

Bihar

Sculpture Made from soft Poniki wood

light, flexible and strong.

Andhrapradesh

Pari-Khanda
Kondapalli dolls

Rajputs

Place

made piece by piece and are stuck

together using an adhesive paste made of
tamarind seeds, followed with a coating of
lime glue.
Channapatna toys

traditional craft that is protected as a

geographical indication (GI) under the
World Trade Organisation.
Natural dyes are used to colour the toys
and are blended with lac to make lac
sticks which are then applied to the
finished wooden objects. This age old
traditional art dates back to the reign of
Tipu Sultan who is said to have invited
Persian artists to teach his artisans the
craft.

Karnataka

Marapachi dolls

A male-female/raja-rani dolls usually gifted

to bride in marriage. Made from kongu
trees.

Andhra Pradesh

known for their intricate carvings and the

elaborate attires that people dress them in.
Made in Tirupati
Tanjavur dolls

Included in the Government of India

Geographical Indications Registry, the
dancing dolls made of wood pulp or
papiermach or clay. They are called so
because of their bobbing head and body,
that are made separately and balanced
such that the parts oscillate.

Tamilnadu

Matka is an Indian term for rough

handloom silk fabric made from very thick
yarns spun out of pierced cocoon in the
weft and organzine in warp. The yarns are
obtained from short ends of silk
from Mulberry silkworms (Bombyxmori)
and spun by hand without removing the
gum (sericin)

West Bengal

Aari Embroidery

Handicrafts needle work with beads or

muthai and chain stitch; inspired by the
floral motifs of Mughal period

Kutch, Lucknow,
Uttar
Pradesh, Rajasthan,
and Delhi

Baluchari Saree

Weaving -It is a hand woven saree using

richly dyed silk, with intricate motifs
depicting Indian mythology woven onto its
large pallu.

Baluchar,
Murshidabad, West
Bengal

Matka silk

In towns of Malda
and Murshidabad

Lavani / Tamasha

Dhangars or
shepherds of
Sholapur

Maharashtrian folk including song and

dance

Maharashtra and
konkan coast.

Kalbelia

Kalbelia tribe

The dance form consists of swirling,

graceful movements that make this dance
a treat to behold. Women dance while
men provide music for the performance.

Rajasthan

Kalbelia dance and songs are a part of

UNESCOs representative list of Intangible
Cultural Heritage of Humanity.
Musical instrument used Pungi the one
used by snake charmers
Bhavai dance

It involves tricky balancing acts, right from

balancing seven to nine brass pots on the
head to balancing oneself (along with the
pots) on narrow and unstable objects like
a glass bottle, brass plate or the edge of a
sword. The brass pots can, and are often,
substituted by an even greater number of
earthen pots.
P.S. : A theatrical form of Gujarat is also
called Bhavai

Rajasthan

Bhangra

Harvest dance energetic and rhythmic

performed by both men and women

Punjab

Dandiya

Dance using bright colored bamboo sticks

where participants strike the bamboo
sticks in rhythmic fashion. Dancers go
round a drummer usually at the centre of
the stage

Gujarat

Garba

Dance form also originated in Gujarat but

uses hand and feet movement;
traditionally performed around a holy lamp

Gujarat

Giddha

Performed only by women in Punjab.

Female counterpart to Bhangra

Punjab

Ghoomar

Bhil

A traditionally passed folk dance of Mewar

of Rajasthan includes rhythmic swirling.
Womens dance performed in women
gatherings.

Rajasthan

Chari

Gujjar

Womens dance form depicting collecting

of water. Women dance by balancing
brass pots which are kept ignited with the
cotton seeds dipped in oil

Rajasthan

Gawari

Bhil

A dance drama performed by both men

and women. Usually performed by troupes
which travel from one village to another

Rajasthan

Kath Puthli

Bhati

World famous wooden puppetry of

Rajasthan
Rajasthan. Wooden puppets are controlled
by metal strings
Made of single piece of wood and are
colorfully dressed

Teratali

Kamar

Worship of baba ramdev. Bhajans are

sung during the performance

Rajasthan

Walar

Gharasia

Prototype for ghoomar. Performed by

women

Rajasthan

String puppet show from Ganjam

Odisha

SutaKhandeiNacha
/ Kundhei

Strings are attached to a triangular

wooden prop
Costumes are similar to Jatra
performances.
Puppets have no legs and have long skirts
Have more joints and are therefore more
versatile, articulate and easy to manipulate

Baunsa Rani

Baunsarani literally means The Bamboo

Queen. Mainly little girls exhibit various
acrobatic postures on the crossed bamboo
bar as well as on the floor with exquisite
scintillating movement synchronized with
the beat of drums and songs.

Odisha

KommuKoya

Kommukoya tribe

Dance form of Chintoormandal, east

Godavari district

Andhra Pradesh

Daminda

Apatani

Performed by girls during Dree festival

Arunachal Pradesh

Guravayyalu

Kurava

Performed by priests. Famous in Kurnool.

Influenced by shaivism

Andhra Pradesh

Chikankari

Phulkari

Needlework White thread is embroidered Lucknow,UP

on cool, pastel shades of light muslin and
cotton garments. Fabric is usually thin else
the needle would not pierce. Geographic
indication provided in 2008
Believed to have
been introduced by
Jats but practiced
by Punjabi women

Needle work -use of darn stitch on the

wrong side of coarse cotton cloth with
coloured silken thread. Punjabi women
created innumerable alluring and
interesting designs and patterns by their
skilful manipulation of the darn stitch.
Named based on extent of needle work
Phulkari Shawls and head scarfs

Punjab

Bagh Work covering the entire fabric

Adhabagh scattered work all along the
fabric
Kantha

Needle work Running stitch all along the

cloth.
Also used in making cushions, quills, beds
etc by stacking old sarees

Birbhum, West
Bengal

Patola

Intricate tie and dye process where the

yarn is dyed before weaving. Also called
double ikat

Originally in Gujarat,
also famous in
Odisha

PatanPatolaof Gujarat has GI

Kashida

Kasuthi

Believed to be
brought to
Karnataka by the
Lambani tribe
followed by women
courtiers of Mysore
dynasty.

Needlework Kashmiri embroidery It

draws inspiration from nature. Birds,
blossoms and flowers, creepers, chinar
leaves, ghobi, mangoes, lotus, and trees
are the most common themes.

Kashmir

involves embroidering very intricate

patterns like gopura, chariot, palanquin,
lamps and conch shells on traditional silk
and Ilkal sarees.

Karnataka

The work is laborious and involves

counting of each thread on the cloth. The
patterns are stitched without using knots to
ensure that both sides of the cloth look
alike.
Karnataka Handicrafts Development
Corporation holds GI for this art.

Jamdani

Jamdani is a fine muslin cloth on which

decorative motifs are woven on the loom,
typically in grey and white. Often a mixture
of cotton and gold thread were/was used.

Venkatagiri, Andhra
Pradesh

Traditionally woven in Dhaka, Bangladesh

Venkatagiri in Andhra Pradesh is famous
for this form of weaving
In news as PM Narendra Modi presented
a tapestry depicting Kamadhenu and
Kalpavriksha to Bangladesh PM Sheikh
Hasina
Pattachitra

Kalighat paintings

Artists known as
chitrakaras with title
Mohapatra or
Maharana

Painting cloth based scroll painting.

Usually Hindu deities Jagannath and
vaishnava cult are depicted

Odisha

Woman members prepare the glue, the

canvas and apply colours what we call the
fill-in, and give the final lacquer coating.
The master hand, mostly the male
member, draws the initial line and gives
the final finishing. Patta paintings are done
on small strips of cotton cloth
Talapattachitra a variation where palm
leaves are used as canvas
Simple painting form developed around
Kalighat under British patronage by artists
called patuas

West Bengal

Uses water colors

Painted with bright colors on clear
background
Mithila /
Madhubani

pictures using vegetable colour and a few

earthen colours
Finished in black lines on cow dung
treated with paper
Mostly depicts Hindu mythology
Marks seasonal festivals and life events
Intricate flora, animal and bird motifs are
used to fill the gap
Passed on from mother to daughter

Mithila of Bihar

Kalamkari

Colors Vegetable dyes, plant roots,

leaves, salt of iron, tin, copper, alum

Andhra Pradesh

Gets the name from kalam pen as

intricate designs are made using pen
Includes Hand painting as well as block
painting
Patronised by Vijayanagar kingdom
Legacy from father to son
Scenes from mythology are usually
depicted with floral decorative patterns for
embellishments
Influence of Persian motifs and designs
Phad

Scroll painting of Bhilwara district

Rajasthan

Themes include heroic figures, rural life,

animals and birds
2D depiction in Bold lines
Art form is approximately 700 years old
Warli

Gond and Kol

Made mostly by women

Maharashtra

Predominantly religious
Geometric patterns like circles, triangles,
rectangles
spiral structuring of images is common
White color/ rice flour is used on dark
background
Minakari

Sonar or Sohail
caste of Kshatriyas

Jewellery designing using enamel work

Jaipur

Art of coloring and ornamenting the

surface of metals by fusing over it brilliant
colors that are decorated in an intricate
design

Delhi

Gulab mina is famous in Benaras

Lucknow
Kangra
Benaras
Kashmir

Bandhni

Started by Khatri, a
kshatriyacommunity
in Gujarat

Tie and dye art for cotton fabrics

Rajasthan

Called Chungidiin Tamilnadu

Gujarat
Tamilnadu

Bidriware

Persian art brought

to India by
Bahamani rulers

Metal art striking inlay artwork,

Bidar, Karnataka

important export handicraft of India

prized as a symbol of wealth.
The metal used is a blackened alloy of
zinc and copper inlaid with thin sheets of
pure silver. This native art form has
obtained GI

Igu Dance

Idu Mishmi tribe

meaning dance of the Priest, a unique

ritual dance.

Arunachal Pradesh

Igu dance is performed on Reh festival,

different ritual acts etc with an aim of
appeasing various spirits for family and
social well-being and prosperity.
Arunachal Pradeshs tableau for RD
parade 2015
Daang

Dangis

Kahaiya and Dholki the percussion

instruments besides short shehnai are
used in the dance.

Gujarat

The men hold their arms round the

womens shoulders and women clasp the
men by their waists forming circular
formations moving in clockwise and anticlockwise directions.
The women climb on the shoulders of men
and form a human pyramid.
Performed in RD parade and won first
position in 2015
Lezim Dance

Named after a wooden idiophone to which

thin metal discs are fitted which produce a
jingling sound and the dancers use this
while dancing.

Maharashtra

Dholki, a drum instrument is used as the

main percussion music.
Very rigorous movements
Mand

Folk singing style neither accepted as

Raga nor reckoned among freely rendered
folk songs

Rajasthan

Bhatiali

a boat song, sung by boatmen while going

down streams of the river,

West Bengal

the word Bhatiyali comes from Bhata

meaning ebb or downstream
Ragini

Folk song form

Haryana

Gulraj

Folk song form

Kashmir

Theyyam

popular ritual form of worship of North

Malabar in Kerala

Kerala

Colourful costumes and awe inspiring

head gears with strong colours of
turmeric,wax and arac
Head gears are upto 5 -6 feet high
Padayani

Tinta subsect of
Ganaka community

Performance using masks

Kerala

In honour of bhadrakali
Performed in bhagavati temples
southern variant of theyyam
blends music, dance, theatre, satire, facial
masks, and paintings

Koli

Dhumal

Koli a fishermen
tribe

Fishermen dance

Wattal

Only the men folk perform this dance on

specific occasions and at set locations.

Maharashtra

Includes both men and women. Men

dance with fishing oars
Jammu and
Kashmir

Generally performed with wearing long

colourful robes and tall conical caps,
studded with beads and shells.
HuyenLanglon

Martial art consists of 2 forms

Manipur

Thang ta armed version uses sword,

spear, axe and shield
Saritsarak unarmed version uses
kicks, hand strikes and grappling
Closely associated with Burmese Bando
or bandshay
RasiyaGeet

Folk song flourished in Braj

Uttar Pradesh

Praises of Lord Krishnas charming leelas

Alha

Ballad of Bundelkhand

Uttar Pradesh

Heroic stories of Alha and Udal who

served Raja Parmal of Majoba
Highlights the moral principles of morality,
chivalry and nobility
Hori

Songs based on love pranks of RadhaKrishna

Uttar Pradesh

Sang during Holi celebrations only

Sohar

Songs sung during the birth of male child

Influenced the Muslim families and the
tradition is now found among Muslims too
Depicts the mingling of two cultures

Uttar Pradesh

Kajri

Sung by women in rainy season on third

day of bhadra

Uttar Pradesh

Associated with a dance involving steps in

semi circular motion
Shakunakhar Mangalgeet

Prayers for good health and long life

during religious and auspicious occasions
of child-birth, baby-showers, ganeshpooja
etc.

Kumaon

Sung only by women without any

instrument
Barahmasa

Songs depicting twelve months of the year

Kumaon

Different natural entities represent different

months of the year
Basanti

Spring/ Harvest song which accompanies

the celebrations of Basant Panchami

Garhwal

GhasiyariGeet

Sung by women of hilly areas when they

go to forests to collect grass for cattle

Garhwal

Emphasis on importance of labour along

with entertainment
Pankhida

Literally means lover

Rajasthan

Sung by peasants working in fields

Lotia

Sung by women during the festival of Lotia

Women bring water from lakes or ponds in
Lotasand kalashby decorating them with
flowers

Rajasthan

Teej

Sung during the festival of Teej on third

day after new moon in the month of
sharavana

Rajasthan

Songs revolve around union of Shiva and

Parvati
Pandavani

Songs on tales of Mahabharata

Chhattisgarh

Singer assumes all the characters during

the ballad accompanying it with his
powerful singing
SukarkeBiah

Portrays the picture of common folk

Bhojpuri region

Associated with story of Shukra who calls

off his marriage for the sake of his mother
Mando

Slow verse and refrain composition dealing Goa

with love, tragedy and both social injustice
and political resistance during Porutguese
presence

Chhakri

Group song performed using musical

instruments like noot, rababs, sarangi,
tumbaknari

Kashmir

Bhakha

Harvest songs

Jammu

Regional music with most melodic and

harmonious elements
Laman

A group performance where girls singing

on peak of the hill seldom see the group of
boys who give a reply to them in a song
seated on another peak of the hill.
Sung especially in Kulu Valley

Himachal Pradesh

Tappa

Semi classical vocal music inspired by

camel riders

Punjab

Characterised by jumpy and flashy tonal

movements
Powada

Literally means narration of story in

glorious terms

Maharashtra

Odes in praise of individual heroes,

incidents or place
Chief narrator is known as Shahir
Qawwali

Originally sung in praise of god

Brought from Persia
Qawwali performance presents a
fascinating, interchanging use of solo and
choral modalities

Burrakatha

Highly dramatic form of ballad

Andhra Pradesh

Singer plays a tambura while reciting the

story
A famous exponent of the form
DarojiEeramma passed away in august
2014
Daskathia

Name is derived from a unique instrument

called kathi or Ram thali or wooden
clappers

Odisha

It is a form of worship and offering on

behalf of das, the devotee
Sana Lamok

Sung by a priest at the time of coronation

of King or to welcome the King

Manipur

Also sung to evoke the spirit of

Pakhangba, the presiding deity
SaikutiZai

Mizo

Mizos are known as singing tribe

Mizoram

SaikutiZai are songs composed by a

poetess Saikuti in praise of warriors
Chai hia

Mizo

The songs that accompany chai dance

performed during ChapcharKut Festival

Mizoram

VilluPattu

Bow song

Tamilnadu

Lead singer handles an instrument which

is bow shaped
Themes are usually theological and
emphasise conquest of good over evil
Ammanaivari

Song sung in praise of Chola Monarch

Tamilnadu

Ammanai is wooden ball.

Women folk sing appropriate songs while
playing the ball.
BhandPather

Unique combination of dance, music and

acting.

Kashmir

Satire, wit and parody are preferred for

inducing laughter
Swang

Theatre form known for softness of

emotions and accomplishment of rasa

Rohtak and Haatras

Language in Rohtak Haryanvi

Language in Haatras Brajbhasha
Nautanki

Traditional theatre form of Kanpur,

Lucknow and Haatras

Uttar Pradesh

Initially performed by men only. Now

women are also included
Gulab Bai of Kanpur gave new dimension
to old theatrical form
Bhavai

Theatrical performance which is partly

entertainment and partly a ritual offering
made to Goddess Amba.

Gujarat

Subtle social criticism laced with pungent

humour is the speciality of Bhavai.
P.S. : a dance form of Rajasthan is also
called Bhavai
Jatra

Musical plays during fairs in honour of

gods, or religious rituals and ceremonies
Born and nurtured in Bengal
Krishna Jatra was popularised by Bhakti
saint Chaitanyas influence

West Bengal

Maach

Used for both stage and the performance

Madhya Pradesh

Traditional theatre form with songs in

between dialogues
Dialogues are called bol
Rhyme in narration is called vanag
Tunes are called Rangat
Bhaona

Performance of Assamese classical plays

called AnkiaNaat

Assam

Sutradhar or narrator begins the story in

Sanskrit and the play continues in Brajboli
or Assamese
Dashavatar

Performers personify the ten incarnations

of Lord Vishnu wearing masks of wood or
papiermache

Konkan coast and

Goa

Krishnattam

Started in 17th Century AD under the

patronage of King Manavada of Calicut

Kerala

Cycle of 8 plays performed for eight

consecutive days
Mudiyettu

Performed in the month of vrischika

(November December) in the Kali
temples as an oblation to Goddess

Kerala

Koodiyattam/
Kuttiyattam

Oldest traditional theatre form of Kerala

Kerala

Believed to be the prototype for Kathakali

Based on Sanskrit theatre traditions
Vidushak alone delivers dialogues
Emphasis on hand gestures and eye
movements

Yakshagaana

Theatre form based on mythological

stories known for its costumes and make
up

Karnataka

Therukoothu

Literally means street play

Tamilnadu

Performed at annual temple festivals of

Mariamman(Rain Goddess) to achieve rich
harvest
Cycle of eight plays based on life of
Draupadi

Gombeyatta

String puppets(marionettes) styled and

designed like characters of Yakshagana

Karnataka

Have joints at legs, shoulders, elbows, hips

and knees
Puppets are manipulated by 5-7 strings
tied to a prop. Sometimes more
complicated movements are manipulated
by two or more puppeteers
Bommalattam

Largest, heaviest and most articulate of all

traditional Indian marionettes.

Tamil Nadu

Combine techniques of both rod and string

puppets
Puppets made of wood
Strings for manipulation are attached to
iron ring worn round the puppeteers head
TogaluBombeyatta

Literally togalu skin/leather bombe

dolls

Karnataka

Shadow puppets made from treated

leather
Small in size and size varies with social
status of characters the puppets portray
Larger for kings and smaller for common
people and servants
TholuBommalata

Shadow puppetry

Andhra Pradesh

Large in size with jointed waist, shoulders,

elbows and knees
Colored on both sides. Hence throw
colored shadows on screen
Ravanachhaya

Shadow puppets of one piece and have no Odisha

joints
Not colored hence opaque shadows
Puppets are made of deer skin
Props such as trees, mountains, chariots
etc are also displayed along with main
characters

PutulNautch

Rod puppets made from wood inspired

by Bunrakupuppets of Japan

West Bengal

Costumed like actors of Jatra and usually

have 3 joints
A bamboo made hub is tied to the waist of
puppeteer on which rod holding the puppet
is placed.
Puppeteers manipulating the rods, move
and dance imparting corresponding
movements to the puppets
Yampuri

Rod puppets made of wood

Bihar

Have no joints and are made of a single

piece
Pavakoothu

Glove puppets costumed as kathakali

performers
Height varies from 1-2 feet
Head and arms are carved of wood and
joined together with thick cloth, cut and
stitched into a bag

Kerala