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Teaching Learning materials are of many kinds, like TB, audio and video cassettes, charts, teaching
aids of various kinds etc. in English language teaching text-books are all the more important. In
absence of any other instructional material the text-book becomes a patent tool in the hands of a
teacher to teach the skill of a language and more so of a foreign language.
TYPES OFTEACHING & INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL
(1)AUDIO AIDS
(a)Audio cassette Player
(b)Radio
(2)VISUAL AIDS
(a)Boards: Blackboard, Flannel boards, soft boards.
(b)Charts, Maps, Pictures, Drawings.
(c)Static and working modal
(d)Film strip, Slide projector, OHP.
(e)Magazines, Newspapers, Encyclopedia.
(3)AUDIO - VISUAL AIDS
(a)Video Cassette Player
(b)Video Compact Disc Player
(c)Television
(d)Film Projector
(4)LANGUAGE LABORATORY.
(5)COMPUTER ASSISTED LEARNING AUDIO AIDS:
AUDIO AIDS
(a) Tape recorder or audio cassette player is used in teaching learning process by teacher, which
makes teaching very scientific and effective. In this process the subject matter is recorded as audio
cassette and played on this machine. The students repeat that subject matter and learn. The learners
have an access to native language and they better drill the patterns in its required form.
(b) Radio was first used to teach English. In this source the teacher has no criteria to select the
learning material because whatever aired is the source. Radio must appeal to every type and level
of taste. But there is a room on the air for instrumental & vocal music, both classical and popular,
addresses, forums, debates, sports, events, mysteries, religions broadcasts, quiz programme and
variety of many others. It should be possible for the listener to make a free selection from amongst
many of these kinds of programmes at any point of time.
VISUAL AIDS:
(a) Boards: Blackboard, Flannel boards , soft boards are used to display charts, maps, tables etc.
(b) Charts, Maps, pictures & Drawings: Teacher can prepare these aids herself or get ready made.
But she should herself be a creative person so that students can follow her. Charts may be written
or drawn thick coloured papers and can be hanged or displayed by using any of the boards. Pictures
and maps can also be displayed on boards.
(c) Static and working Models: Teacher can use models to make her teaching very effective. For
example teacher wants to teach the topic of computer. She can use both the static and working
models. Working model of computer creates primary interest in students.
(d) Film strip, slide projector, OHP, Episcope: The teacher can use film strip and slide projector to
make her teaching too effective. These aids make students draw their attention very carefully
towards teaching. Over Head Projector (OHP) is the hardware used to project the transparencies.
The transparency is plastic sheet on which teacher can develop her own material to be presented.
Use of OHP by teacher is a good practical that help her to make her teaching very interested and
effective. Episcope is also known as Epidiascopes. The material on opaque sheet is projected with
the help of this hardware. The teacher can project any material developed on simple plain paper
sheet. Small size of picture, can be projected through this instructional material.
AUDIO-VISUAL AIDS:It is believed that audio - visual aids may create interest and motivation at the highest degree
because through this teaching aid both eyes and ears of learners become active, so they are widely
used in the teaching of language.
(a) Video - Cassette Player: In teaching learning process teacher uses VCP to make her teaching
effective and alive. Teaching materials available on the video tape are played by the video cassette
player.
(b) Video Compact Disc Player: In this machine the video cassette is played. It is the latest audio
- visual aid. The programmes recorded on the video cassettes can be transferred into compact disc.
(c) Television: Today, television is very effective instrument in teaching, learning process.
Specific channels have been launched in which programmes of various educational interests are
being aired. This system appears to be very successful among teenage students.
(d) Film Projector: The programmes which are recorded on film are projected with the help of
film projectors.
(e) Language Laboratory: It is a place where the learners have to listen on headphone. The
language labs are set up with a view to provide listening activities in order to make them
developing good speech habit. The learning materials are recorded on audio - tapes which are
played back by teacher, is to be drilled and the same is monitored by the mentor. Learner himself
records his practices and listens to it:
(f) Computer assisted language learning: It means to present teaching material though computer.
The computer technology has brought multimedia package means the programme is developed
with all kinds of media available for presentation. In this presentation, texts, graphics, audio and
video are available. The computer is multimedia system. It is VCD, DVD, VCR, slide and film
projector.
IMPORTANCE OF TB:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)
k)
(c)News paper
(d)All the above
9. Teaching aids such as Charts, Maps, Pictures
and Drawings should be used by teachers as
they
1. prepare students mentally
2. motivate for further preparation
3. are not expensive
(a) 1 only
(b) 1 and 2
(3) 2 and 3
(d) All of these
10. Keeping in view the significance of text
book, what should one keep in his mind while
selecting a text book?
1. Age, interest and individual differences
2. The cover should be attractive and qualitative
3. Text book should cover the objectives of the
subject.
4. The publisher of the book should be well
known.
(a) 1 and 2
(b) 1 and 3
(c) 1,2, and 3 (d) All of these