Minolta Flash Meter IV 01

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INSTRUCTION MAI{UAL
H
H
MrNOl:|-n
-
FLASH METER IV
MINOLTA FLASH METER IV

The Minolta Flash Meter lV is the most advanced exposure meter available for measuring both flash and ambient light sources. By attaching the appropriate receptor, you can
take precise incident-light or ref lected-light readings.
A large LCD data panel shows complete exposure information in both analog and
digital form. A built-in microcomputer and memory function make it easy to calculate
the exposure for highlights, shadows, or an average of two areas.
The Flash Meter lV also features a special "analyze" function that lets you take
readings of flash and ambient light simultaneously. After taking a reading, you can vary
the exposure settings to make either light source dominant.
A wide range of accessories are available for your Flash Meter lV, including spotmetering attachments and external receptors for incident-light and reflected-light metering. And if you use a Minolta (Maxxum) 7000 or 9000 camera, the Data Receiver DR1000 enables remote control of the camera via infrared signals from the Flash Meter lV.
With other carneras, the lR Receiver-Trigger can be used to trigger a flash unit by remote
control.
Before using the Flash Meter lV, please read this manual carefully to learn about the
meter's parts and functions. This way, you can begin to realize the full potential of the
Flash Meter lV right from the start.
www.orphancameras.com
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CONTENTS
NAMESOFPARTS.
......2
PREPARATION
fnstallingtheBattery
FilmSpeed.
AttachingaReceptor
GENERALTNFORMATTON...
DATAPANELDISPLAYS
Digital Display
AnalogDisplay
GuideValueDisplay
Settingthe
AMBIENT LIGHT MEASUREMENTS

Shutter-Priority(T|ME) Mode.
Aperture-Priority (FNo.) Mode .
FLASH MEASUREMENTS WITH A SYNC COFD
Shutter-Priority(T|ME) Mode.
Aperture-Priority(FNo.l Mode.
FLASH MEASUREMENTS WITHOUT A SYNC CORD
-shutter-Priority(TIME)
Mode.
Aperture-Priority (FNo.) Mode
MEMORYFUNCTION.
RE F
....14
... .. .. .16
.......18
...20
.......22
LECTED.LIGHT CALCU LATIONS
HighlightCalculations
ShadowCalculations
AveragedCalculations
Checking Other Areas of the Scene
Changing the Highlight and Shadow Values
EXPOSURE ADJUSTMENT . . . .
MIXED LIGHTING: FLASH WITH AMBIENT LIGHT
......26
......28
....29
.....30
. . . . .31
. . . . .32
. . . . . . .33
.......34
.....
.......36
:....
Reflected-LightMeasurements,........37
MEASUREMENTSFORAMOVIECAMERA
.....38
.....39
LIGHTINGRATIOCALCULATIONS.
.....40
GUfDENUMBERCALCULATTONS.
..,...41
ILLUMINANCECALCULATIONS.
........41
ExposureValueNumbers....
.....42
INFRAREDREMOTECONTROL
.......43
...:.
GAL|BRATION....
.. ... .. .44
ACCESSORfES. . . .
.....46
TECHNICALDETAILS
.....47
CAREANDSTORAGE
Analyze
Function
......4
........5
.,....S
......6
.....10
........11
.....12
........13
Fill-in Flash
Comparinglncidentand
NAMES OF PARTS
Receptor head
Shadow key (29)

Averaging key (30)
Memory clear
Infrared (lR)
transmitter window (421
ishlight key (281
Measuring button
Data panel (101
Measuring-mode switch
Up/down control
Function switch
Memory button
On/recall button (4)
Sync terminal
Strap eyelet
Reflected-light attachment (5)
Accessory-receptor j ack
Data-transmission button (42
(For use with Data Receiver

D
R-1000)
Analog-display switch ( 14)
Shutter-release button (4
(For use with Data Receiver

D
R-1000)
Tripod socket
Digital-display switch
(1 1)
Normal/an dyze switch ( 14)
Single/multi switch
Battery cover
(Measuring-level adjuster and
battery chambers A and B inside)
PREPARATION
Installing the Battery
The Flash Meter lV's memory and measurement
circuits are powered by one AA-size battery that fits
into battery chamber A. A 1.S-volt alkaline or carbonzinc or 1.2-volt nickel-cadmium battery can be used.
1.
Switching on the Data Panel
The Flash Meter lV

does not have a power
switch. Even with power
supplied continuously to
the meter's memory, the

power consumption is
Remove battery cover
minimal.
by sliding it downward.
power,
es
To
the
conserve
Flash Meter
lV
automatically switch-
off the data panel display 4 minutes after taking
reading or pressing a key. The most recent display can

be recalled at any time by pressing the On/Recall
button. The display is illuminated for 8 seconds after
the key is pressed.
Automatic battery check
2. Insert an
When battery power
is
low, the displays on the

data panel will blink while
taking a measurement. lf
AA-size
battery into chamber A

with plus (+) and minus
(-) ends as markdd in
-.f
ralEara.arr?f!lltt
ryh-550-
this occurs, install a new

| | \ \
battery. When the battery is /
completely exhausted, the data panel will remain
the battery chamber.
blank even after pressing the On/Recall button.
When replacing the battery, remove the dead

battery, press the On/Recall button to clear the
meter's circuit, then insert a fresh battery.
3.
Realign battery cov-
er and slide it
until it
upwards
snaps into place.
The meter will not operate unless a fresh battery is

properly installed.
Infrared Tranrmitter
' The Flash Meter
lV has a built-in infrared transmitter for use with the optional Data Receiver
DR-lOfi) and or lR Receiver-Trigger units. lf you use
either, of these units, a battery must be installed in
battery chamber B. A 6-volt alkaline (4LR44, Eveready 537 or equiv.l or 6.2-volt silver-oxide (4SR44,
Eveready il4 or equiv.) battery can be used. See
page 42 for more information about using these units.
Setting the Film Speed

1
Attaching a Receptor
The Flash Meter is supplied with two receptors: a
spherical diffuser for incident-light measurements and
a reflected-light attachment for reflected-light measurements. An explanation of how to take incidentand ref lected-light measurements appears on the
. Set the function

to "lSO" posi-
switch
tion.
following
pages.
Spherical Diffuser for incident light
2.
Move the up/down
control downward to decrease
the ISO setting
to increase
the setting. Each time
and, upward
the control is moved, the

ISO setting changes by
Ref lected-l
ght attachment
for reflected light
1/3 stop. The setting
changes continuously if
you keep
pressing the
up/down control.
I ra 2 2ta
r-En
ta
oun
fun
,C,\
t lt t. 2rlaattato
*.
ArEl
3. After
To attach a receptor:
Align the white dot
setting the film speed, set the function

switch to "TlME" or "FNo." to take a reading.
on the receptor with the
NOTE
the receptor's
receptor index and insert
o
o
o
bayonet
Rotate
Any speed from ISO 8 to ISO 6400 can be set.
into the socket.
f SO 125 and ISO 125O are displayed as "lSO 12O"

and "lSO 1200", respectively.
After taking a measurement, you can change the
the receptor clockwise to

secure it.
film-speed setting and the shutter-speed/f-number

combination required for correct exposure will
also change.
To remove a receptor:
Rotate the receptor

counterclockwise until
its dot aligns with receptor index and lift the
receptor out of the socket.
Accessories
The reflected-light attachment supplied with the

meter has a 40" angle of view. To take "spot" readings of smaller areas of a scene, Minolta's 5" Viewfinder or 10" Viewfinder ll can be used. The Booster
ll is available for taking reflected-light readings off a
view camera's groundglass screen or in very low light.
Refer to pages 44 and 45 for more information
about these and other accessories for the Flash Meter
lv'
GENERAL INFORMATION
lncident{ight Readings
With incident-light readings, exposure is based on the brightness of the light falling on the subject. The subject's reflectivity (how light or dark it is) does not influence the reading.
Many photographers prefer to make incident-light readings because these readings produce very predictable,
consistent exposures for most average scenes. Furthermore, this method is very quick and simple, and thus is
well-suited to determining the exposure in fast-changing situations.
Taking Incident-light Readings
Attach the spherical diffuser to the Flash Meter lV. The optional Flat Diffuser, Mini Diffuser, and the 4X and
8X Spherical ND Diffusers can also be used.
Move in close to the subiect so that you can measure the same light that is falling on the subject. Aim the
diffuser directly at the camera lens. lf you can't get close to the subject, hold the meter in the opposite direction
that the camera lens is facing.
In "AMBI" and "CORD" modes, take the reading by pressing the measuring button. In "NON.C" mode,
press the measuring button to activate the meter, then trigger the flash unit to take the reading.
Incident light
metering
Light source
Camera
Reflected{ight Readings
With reflected-light readings, the Flash Meter lV averages the light reflected from all subjects in the scene. Like
all reflected-light meters, including those used in single-lens reflex cameras, the Flash Meter lV is designed to give
the correct exposure for a medium-gray tone.
The assumption is that theaveragereflectance of the various light and dark tones in a scene would be about the
same as a medium-gray tone. In a wide variety of situations, reflected-light readings produce good exposures.
A major advantage of taking reflected-light readings is that you can select which tones are most important and
determine the exposure just for these tones. For example, a bright highlight or shadow area can be measured and
the exposure can be calculated to retain detail in that area {see pages 34 and 35).
Taking Reflected-light Readings
To take a reflected-light reading, attach the reflected-light attachment. The optional Viewfinder 5o, Viewfinder 10o ll can also be used. lf you use the Minolta Booster, Booster ll orSiner Boosterl, the spherical diffuser
must be attached to the receptor head.
Hold the meter near the camera lens and aim the meter's receptor at the subiect. The reflected-light attachment has a 40o angle of view, so you may need to move closer to the subject so that the reading is not influenced
by the background.
To make it easier to aim the meter, the receptor head can be rotated up to 270".
In "AMBl" and "CORD" modes, take the reading by pressing the measuring button. In "NON.C" mode, press
the measuring button to activate the meter, then trigger the flash unit to take the reading.
Reflected light metering
-./-4>)
tf
ffi
Camera
Selecting the Measuring Mode:
Flash Light Modes
Ambient and Flash Light Measurements
"CORD" (sync cord)

: I n th is mode, a
sync cord is connected
between the flash unit
and meter to trigger the
f lash un it. Th is mode
can be used to take readings of electronic flash
mode
Ambient Light Mode

(ambient
"AMB l"
light) mode: Use f or
measu rements of con-
tinuous light sources, in-
ng day ight, tu ngsten ights, neon and

fluorescent lights, and
cl ud
and f lash bu lbs.
television screens.
o After ta king a read ing, you can change the shutter

speed (in "TlME" mode) or f-number ("FNo."
mode) by moving the up/down control. The
new shutter-speed lt-number combination will be
displayed.
"NON.C" (non-cord)
mode: In this mode, a
sync cord is not requ ired;
you manually trigger the

flash to take a measurement. This mode can be
used to take readings of
electronic f lash.
"FNo" Mode: In aper-
Selecting the Function

"T I M E" Mode: In shut-
ter-priority
ture-priority
("F No.")
mode, you can select any
f-number setting from
t lo.7 to t 190.
("T lM E")
mode, you f irst set the

desired shutter speed,
then take a
RCALL
measure-
ment. The requ ired fnumber will be displayed

on the data panel.
o The shutter speed can
o Ambient-light
be set f rom 1/8000

sec. to 30 m inutes in
"AM B l" mode, and
f rom 1/1 000 sec. to
nu m
modes.
ber, then
ta
ke
measu rement. The requ ired shutter speed
r4.-3lr
-2 . -l . 0 .
TflE n
ffi
t-f i
F'|b
rfi.ro*"'
F
lash
measu rements :
speed
for proper
4h
5.6s
-2 . -1 . 0 . I . 2H. 3.4
n
trLf
'*fi--1
LI'
After taking a measurement, the Guide

Value (GV) number
will indicate how to
AuBr
^..,
X-sync,
then set the f-number.
3.4
%f-\
-4r-3s.
Set the shutter
2ir
5.fr t
the data panel.
f lash
| .
@_
will be dispf ayed on
30 minutes in "CORD'
and "NON.C"
meas-
urements: Set the f-
6116
f- f-7.n
fi
Hor'rc
t
-4.-3s. -2 o -l r 0 .
adjust the flash power

or correct exposu re.
1 .
ZH. 9.4
,-
.-'u'J. fl f Hottc
f/r,l,
lf you do not want to change the f lash's power
level, you can use the up/down control to set the
Guide Value number
to
zero. The new f-number
setting required for correct exposure will

d
isplayed
be
lf the ambient-light level is too h igh for the

shutter-speed lf-number combination you have set,
the shutter speed will be changed automatically to
display the correct exposure settings.
DATA PANEL DISPLAYS
1.
6.
Pointers
Reflected-light calculation modes
Shadow calculation mark
2.
3.
Highlight calculation mark

7. Analyze function
indicator
Analog displays
Contrast scal
F-number scale
i a'ls.e' I ot t'ts
g=hH
Shutter speed
(TIME)/frame rate
(crN E)
e-g floo
4.
ISO
5.
Number of exposures/Guide Value (GV)
film
speed
8.
Memory indicators
9.
Under/over range
indicators
10. Measuring modes
.fr.F,::l;
11. Multiple measurement

indicator
12. F-numbers (FNo.)/Aperture Value
numbers (ExlN)
7. Analyze function indicator
1. Pointerc
Pointers above analog displays indicate the most
"AN." blinks
recent measurement and any memorized read-
to "ANALYZE".
ings and calculated reading.
2. Analog displays
When f-number scale is displayed, the pointers
indicate the f-number setting. When the contrast
scale is displayed, the pointers indicate the difference in exposure for up to three readings.
3. Shutter speedfframo rate
light (AMBI) mode.
4.
ISO
film
speed
When function switch is set to "lSO", film speed
can be adjusted from ISO 8 to ISO 6400
in
1/3-stop increments.
5. Number of exposures/Guide Value
of exposures required is indicated. Display shows from

"O"
"9", then changes back "O" and
continues counting additional measurements
When "MULTl" is displayed, number
to
if
8. Memory indicators
A dot appears when a measurement is stored in
the memory. Up to two measurements can be
stored and recalled.
range indicators
9. Over/under
lf
brightness is under the meter's measurement
range,
Shutter speed can be set in full-stops from

1/8000 sec. to 30 min. in ambient-light (AMBI)
mode and from 1/1000 to 30 min. in flash
(CORD or NON.C) modes. Frame rate (filming
rate) for movie cameras can be set at 8, 12, 16,
18,24,32, or 64 frames per second in ambient-
to
are taken. When "GV" is displayed, the amount

of adjustment to flash power is indicated.
6. Reflected-light calculation modes

"l!1" for highlight calculation, "El" for shadow
calculation, and "El" for an average of two
tt
"V"
blinks;
if
over the meter's range,
@tt blinks.
o ff "U" or "4"
blink together with "T|ME",
"FNo.", "ExlN", "GV", or "MULTl", thg

measurement is outside of the meter's display
range. Usable reading
or
indications can
be
displayed by moving the up/down control.

10. Measuring modes
"AMBI" for ambient light, "CORD" for flash

measurements using a sync cord, "NON.C" for
flash measurements without using sync cord.
1 1. Multiple measurement indicator
"MULTl" is displayed when single/multi switch
is set to "MULTl" position for multiple measurements.
12. F-numbers/Aperture Value numben
Measurements appear on display with 0.1 stop
accuracy. F-number ("FNo.") range is f/0.7 to

f l9O +0.9 stop. Aperture Value
numbers range is -15.9 to 45.6.
measurements.
10
when normal/analyze switch is set
("ExlN")
DIGITAL DISPLAYS
Aperture Value Numberr ("ExlN" settingl
F-numbers ("FNo." settingl
When the digitaldisplay ("FNo./ExlN")

switch is set to "FNo.",
When the
"ExlN", apertur value

numbers are displayed on
the Flash Meter [V shows

the f-number setting in
the data panel.
digital form. The small

number next to the fnumber is a one-tenth
stop display and indicates how much the
f-number or
shutter
speed should be changed
for correct exposure.
These
numbers cgn be used to

determine the lighting
ratio of a scene or to
compare readings taken
{..t..{
.4
* 5Y
*g.d
. O . I . 1.. t.a
Adjustments for tenth-stop indications

Tenth-stop
digital-
display switch is set to
Adjustmenr
o-2
Set f-number to full stop setting
3-7
Close aperture 1/2 stop. E.9., set aperture haffway between tl8 and tl11
if dispfay shows " f l8.B t".
8-9
Close aperture 1 stop. E.9., set aperture

to f 111 if display shows "llfl.Bg".
in ambient ("AMBl"l
mode with readings
taken a flash ("CORD"

f,o
5rl
or "NON.C"l mode.
The "ExlN" setting can also be used to display
rr. E'-
Exposure Value ("EV") numbers which are usOd to

determine the illuminance of an ambient light source
(see page 41).
Shuttsr Speed
The shutter speed is indicated next to the 'TlME"
mark. The indication for 11125 sec. is displayed as
" i?s ". All other speeds are displayed in the usual
way.
11
ANALOG DISPLAYS
When the function switch is at
"TlME" or "GV",
either the f-number scale or the contrast scale can be

displayed by setting the anafog-display switch to
"FNo." or "CONTRAST" position. When the func-
tion switch is set to
displayed even
"F N o." , the contrast scale is

if the anafog-display switch is set to
"FN o.".
F-number scale
The pointers above the f-number scale indicate

f-number settings with 1|2-stop accuracy. The display
range is f rom t 11 to f /90. lf the required f-number is
outside this range, the 't<" or
and " (U " or " O" vvill blink.
a
11,42 2.84 5.68 lt162232456490
Contrast scale
The contrast scale has a range from -4 to +4 stops.
Pointers indicate the differences in exposure between
up to three readings. Readings are indicated with
1
/4-stop
accu
-3 to +3 stops, and w ith

-4 to -3 and +3 to +4 stops.
racy f rom
'll2-stop accuracy from
-1..-3s. -2 . -1 . 0 o 1 . 2x. 3.4
ffh'*5.8,r"''
a single reeding has been stored in the
a pointer appears above the "O" in the
center of the display.Pointers appear above the
When
memory,
contrast
sca
le
on ly
when a
read
ing is stored in the
memory.
When a shadow calcufation is made, a

pointer will appear above
the small "S"
mark
"tr,
iEl
which indicates a 2.7 -stop decrease in exposure.
Likewise,
highlight
cafculations are shown

by a pointer above the
small "H" mark which
-4..3s.
-2 . -l . 0 . 1 . 2\.
*E,[i
"tr1
3.1.
'* -r h
l.fl
aMB,
indicates a 2.3-stop increase In exposure.
When us ing the analyze function to take

read ngs of m ixed f lash
and am bient light, the
i
I a:r
-4..3s. -2 . -1 . O .
Jj''
I .
-.
3.4.
2x.
FNo
rlr-r
f f
;. LI' ;-__l 7.n I
'
roxc
pointers on the contrast scale indicate the relative

intensity of f lash and am bient light sou rces. The
positions of the pointers will change as the f-number/
shutter-speed combination is changed.
Please refer to pages 26 through
35 for
more
information about the memory, shadow, highlight,

and analyze functions.
12
ffh
""5.E,J'u"'
GUIDE VALUE DISPLAY
The Guide Value ("GV") number indicates how

the f lash power should be adjusted for correct exposure without changing the f-number setting.
Guide Value control
Guide Value control
After taking the reading, move function switch

from "TlME" to "GV". Move the up/down control
to change the "GV" number. This results in a corre-
in aperture-priority ("FNo.")
sponding change in the f-number setting.
mode:
To get correct exposure at
in shutter-priority ("TlME")
mode:
-2 . -1 . 0 . I . 28. 3.4
-4.-3s.
f/5.6 and 1/60
In this example, the upl -4.-3s. -2 . -1 . 0 . I . 2H. 3.4

down control was used to t".|. ,- t-,
ri|o
coRD
ft t-f
,, _ t' fchange the f-number from
-JT__r,iiel1.fi
ft
t15.6 to 5.6 + 0.6. The "GV"
correspondingly changed
from 0 to +1 . "+1 GV" indicates that the flash power -4.-3sa -2 . -1 . 0 . 1 . 28. 3.4
must be increased by one ** ,- ,-,
*t
flli___\'ioJ,f,
+ ,_ F- tr - coRD
stop (dou bled) for correct
EfLf .*, -7.n

L- tr -.coRD
"*1 GV" indicates
tso 7 4
\.\ I u'
il
LI'
that the flash power
shou ld be increased by one stop (dou b led ) or the
distance between the flash and su bject ca n be de-
sec.,
creased by a factor
of 1 11.4.
For correct exposu re

at t15.6 and 1160 sec.,
"-2 GV" indicates that
the f lash power shou ld
be decreased two stops
-2 o -1 . 0 r 1 . 2H. 3.4
-4.-3s.
t-. , r-,
tlt
tf t-t
""-Er-t
to
(set
-L-'nu
7.n
exposu
[i
re at
t 15.6
0.6 ""
E,
[_i_l
stop.
114 power) or the
distance between the flash and subject can
be
dou bled.
lf you cannot change

the flash power or
the
flash-to-subject distance,
adjust the f-number
set-
-4o-3s . -2
,r", tr
.,
LI LI
fso f_ L,
L'I
. 1.
@
rttl
Liev
2^.
':o
coRo
I lLi
ting until the "GV" number is set to tT" (zero).

Make the exposure at that f-number setting.
o In aperture-priority ("F No.") mode, the "GV"

number is displayed in full stops. lf the measured
value falls between the f u ll-stop settings, the
difference (from 0.1 to 0.9 stop) will be indicated
by the small number next to the digital f-number.
Relationship between GV, flash power, and flash-to-subject distance.

GV number
-8
F las h power 11256x
lash-to-sub-
ject distance
16x
-7
1 1128x
11.3x
-6
1164x 1132x
8x
-4
-5
5.7x
-3 -2 -1
/16x 1l9x 1l4x 1l2x 1x

4x
2.Bx 2x
1.4x 1x
+1
+2
+3
+4
2x
4x
8x
16x
l1 .4x 1l2x
1l2.Bx
l4x
+6
+7
+8
32x
64x
128x
256x
115.7x
l l9x
+5
111
.3x 1 l16x
13
AMBIENT LIGHT MEASUREMENTS

Shutter-priority ("TIME
"l
5. Prrs measuring button to take a measure-
Mode
Single Measurements
1.
ment.
Srt switches on left side of meter to:
Analog-displayswitch. . .
.
Normal/analyze switch
Single/multi switch
Digital-displayswitch. .
- .""t"ort:Atn" r*fl o if
2.
S.t
measuring mode
to "AMB|".
. "FNo."
. . "FNo."
"NORM"
.."SINGLE"
-o"'1\ .o*o.r.r*1^o./\
ouifriEi'
In this example, the

shutter speed was set
to
1/30 sec. and the
required f-number was

plus 0.2 stop.
f/l6
r tartaaLa !taltaaa.t
+h
^ t6?"
lf "FNo." and "@" or "O" blink, the brightness

level is outside the meter's display range. lf this
happens, change the shutter speed to obtain an
appropriate f-number/shutter-speed combination.
3. S.t function switch

to "TlME".
lf the shutter speed or film-speed setting is changed after the measurement is taken, the f-number
will change automatically to show the correct exposure at the new settings.
4. S"t shutter speed by

moving up/down control.
o Any speed from 30

min. to 1/8000 sec.
can be set in fullstops.
14
AMBI ENT LIGHT MEASUREMENTS
5.
Shutter-priority {"TlME"} Mode
Press measuring but-
ton to take a measure-
Multiple Measurements
ment.
1.
Set switches on left side of meter
Analog-displayswitch. . . .
Single/multi switch
coNrRAsr
.flrn.
,n.fl.
to:
."FNo."
raa
. "FNo."
"NORM"
lltl
.."MULTI"
o
**nfQ .
ono.rr,tt^o.r.flgmimrt
The display shows the

f-number required and
the number of
mea-
surements taken.
2. S.t measuring
mode
to "AMBl".
I
lrl
I ultraaaa
ra||laaaat
ffi', ?.go:
6.
Each time the measuring button is pressed, an

additional measurement is taken and the meter recalculates the cumulative exposure. The total number of
measurements and the f-number reguired are displayed.
o In this example,
| !rtttatta
t|atlaaaat
measurements have
been taken and the
required f-number is
f/5.6 plus 0.3 stop.
Before taking a new series of measurements,
slide the single/multi switch. to ,,RESET" ANd
5fr1^s.Er;
3. Srt function switch

to "T|ME".
check that data panel shows
" 'A ".
4. Srt shutter
speed by
o Any speed from 30

min. to 1/8000 sec.
can be set in fullstops.
15

Aperture-priority ("FNo.") Mode
Single Measurements
5.
Press measuring but-
ton to take a measurement.
1.
S.t switches on left side of meter to:

. "CONTRAST"
Analog-display switch*. . .
."FNo."
..
Normal/analyzeswitch . "NORM"
. "SINGLE"
Single/multi switch
Digital-displayswitch.
In this example,
the
f-number was set to
f/l6
* When the function switch is set to "FNo." (step 3

below), the contrast scale is displayed even if the
analog-display switch is set to "FNo.".
2. S.t measuring
mode
and the required
shutter speed
%Y_l ibc
aro'
1/30 sec.
ff "TlME" and ttUltt or "O" blink, the brightness

level is outside the meter's display range. lf this
3. Sr, function switch

to "FNo.".
rA'
V
4. Srt f-number by moving up/down control.

f-number from
tl0.7 to f/90 can be

set in full-stops.
16
@ r.
happens, change the f-number to obtain an appropriate f-num ber/shutter-speed com bination.
to "AMBI".
o Any
was
.a..3r. -2 . .l . 0 . t . 2i. 3.a
*Jl?

Aperture-priority ("FNo.") Mode
5.
Pr.r, measuring but-
ton to take a measure-
1.
ment.
S.t switches on left side of meter to:

Analogdisplay switch*. . .
. "CONTRAST"
Digital-displayswitch. . .
. . "FNo."
"NORM"
Single/multi
switch
.."MULTI"
6. Tn. data panel will

show the number of
I
* When the function switch is set to "FNo." (step 4

analog-display switch is set to "FNo.".
exposures required.
o In this example, the
mode
I'.9 f
.{
rll
.{
. o . t . t..
r..*--.al-r
tc_,,
l.a
rT
rr tfi^5I.||
u 'rl'l
TA -, Itit
.
f-number was set to f/8; 5 exposures at 1/30
sec.
are required.
2. S.t measuring
a.ar
tr'!
Each time the measuring button is
pressed,
new measurement is taken.
to "AMBl".
3. s.t function switch

to "TlME", then set
shutter speed by moving
up/down control.
o Any speed from 30
min. to 1/8000 sec.

can be set in full
stops.

to "FNo.", then set
f-number by moving up/
down control.
o Any f-number from
t/0.7 to f/90 can be

set in full-stops.
17
FLASH MEASUREMENTS WITH A SYNC CORD (CORD MODE}
5. S.t shutter
Shutter-prioriry (TIME ] Mode
speed by
moving uF/down control.
Single Measurementl
1.
Set switches on left side of meter to:

. "FNo."
.
switch
switch
NormaUanalyze
Single/multi
tItfLJArJrt
coilrRAsr oFlFxo
rrof{ o :'n
. . "FNo."
"NORM"
.."SINGLE"
roRrvlal a ANALYZE srNcLclq a
g'REsEr
o
o
Any shutter speed from 30 min. to 1/1000
sec.
can be set.
Make sure shutter speed
is
set within camera's
X-sync range.
2. S.t measuring mode

to "CORD".
6. Prrs the measuring

button to trigger the
flash.
3. Connect PC plug to
meter's sync terminal.
. The flash may fire
when the sync cord
In this
example, the
required f-number
f 15.6.
is
connected.
r |rttaaLa
#\
!rtlt!...|
-5.8s*
Trigger voltage of some electronic flash units

may not be sufficient when using "CORD" mode.
lf so, use "NON.C" mode (see page 22).

to "TlME".
18
is
FLASH MEASUREMENTS WITH A SYNC CORD (CORD MODE}
6,
Shutter-priority (TIME I Mode

Multiple Mearurementt
Press
button
the measuring
trigger the
to
flash.
1.

."FNo."
.
switch
switch
NormaUanalyze
. ."FNo."
"NORM"
Single/multi
.."MULTI"
o The required f'number and the number of
times the flash was

triggered will be dis'
played.
2. srt measuring
mode
I ra!
aaa
Ll lr||alraal
#\"
E'[iB;
7. Each time the measuring button is pressed and

the flash is triggered, the meter recalculates the cumu'
lative exp(Nure.
to "CORD".
In this example, the

ffash was triggered 4
times and the required
f-number is f/l6.
3.Connr"t PC plug to
Before taking
series of
o The flash may
fire
when the sync cord is
new
measure-
ments, slide the single/
multi switch
connected.
to
r.ratrt.rat
fltrllla
ffit^,Es;
I rattaaltalrfttaall
-ii.o
n oD
F6Tfi'?- U
*'
"RESET" and check
thattt display
ttl
shows
n.

maY not be sufficient when using "CORD" mode.
4. S"t function switch
to'TlME".
lf
so, use "NON.C" mode (see page 23).
5.
Srt shutter speed by

Any shutter
speed
from 30 min. to 1/1000
sec.
can be set.
Make sure shutter speed is set within camera's

X-sync range.
19
FLASH MEASUREMENTS WITH A SYNC CORD (CORD MODEI

Aperture-prioriU (FNo.l Mode

to "FNo.", then set
Single Mearursments
1.
down control.
Analog-displayswitch*. . .
. "CONTRAST"
Digital-displayswitch. . .
. . "FNo."
switch
switch
Normal/analyze
Single/multi
"NORM"
.."SINGLE"
Any f-number from t/O.7 to f/90 can be set in

full-stops.
6.
When function switch is set to "FNo." (step 5f,

the contrast scale is displayed even if the analogdisplay switch is set to "FNo.".
Press measuring button to trigger the flash.
2.
Set measuring mode

to "CORD".
In this
example, the
Guide Value number
"-1 GV" indicates

that flash power
of
3.
Conn.ct PC plug to
fire
when the sync cord
.O.t.l..t.a
#\,T1oo-
should be reduced by one half for correct exposure at 11125 sec. and f/4. Alternately, if you cannot change the flash power, the distance between
the flash and subject can be increased by a factor
o The flash may
a.{r.a..l
of 1.4X.
is

may not be sufficient when using "CORD" mode.
connected.
lf
so, use "NON.G" mode (see page 24).
lf
you select a shutter-aperture combination that

might cause overexposure of the ambient light, the
shutter speed is automatically shifted to a higher

to "TlME", then set
setting when the measurement is taken.

up/down control.
Any speed from 30 min. to 111000 sec. can
be
set in full stops.

X-sync range.
20
FLASH MEASUREMENTS WITH A SYNC CORD (CODE MODE)

Aperture-priority (f ruo.) Mode
5. Set function switch

to "FNO.", then set
f-number by moving upl

down control.
1

*
,,CONTRAST"
.
Analog-d isplay switch
Ex
,,FN
O."
,,NORM"
Norm al lanalyze switch

Single/m u lti switch
lN
NORM
,,MULTI"
o Any
a O ANAI
Y.i
fu
SINGLI
f-num ber
rom t lO.7 to t l9O can be set
6.
Press
fl ash
the
measuring
button to trigger
rF
When function switch is set to

No."
the contrast scale is dispfayed even if the
display switch is set to "FN o.".
"F
2.
(step 5),
in
l-stops.
the
anafog-
Set measuring mode
to "CORD".
7.
The number of times
-4.-3s. -2 . -1 . 0 .
1 .
2H. 3.4
the f lash must be f ired

will
be displayed.
'' 8,,1 \ | | Lf li uu.,,
lash must be triggered 4 times f or correct expore at 1 1125 sec. and t 116.
Each time you press the measuring button, a new
o
3.
Connect PC plug to
meter's sync term inal.
o The f lash may
ire
when the sync cord
su
measurement
will
be taken.
Trigger voltage of some electronic flash units may

not be sufficient when using "CORD" mode. lf so,
use "NON.C" mode (see page 25]. .
'*
is
con nected.

to "T l M E ", then set
u
p/down control
Any speed from 30 min. to 1/1000 sec. can be set

in full stops.
X-sync range.
21
FLASH MEASUREMENTS WITHOUT A SYNC CORD (NON,C MODE)
5. Press measuring button to activate flash-
Shutter-priority (TIME ) Mode

Single Measurements
measurement circuit.
1 . Set switches on left side of meter to:
Analog-displayswitch..
Digital-d isplay switch .
No rm al I ana lyze switch
Singlelmulti
switch
..
."FNO."
''N O R M "
"SING LE
o "NON.C" will
blink
on the data panel.
1
F-"i-e
r.6
2.8
il n
5.6
11 16 22 32
Fr{o
4564
''ofi? \
tt
Z.
6.
Set measuring mode
Trigger the f lash unit manually
90
r\ I /
NoN.c
/tt\
to take a meas-
urement.
to "NON.C".
7. The required
f-num1 1.4 2 2.8 4 5.6 I tt t8 2232 456490

ber will be d isplayed.
shutter speed was set
to 1 1125 sec. and the required f number was f/8
plus 0.5 stop.
o After taking measurement, "NON.C" continues
to blink for about 60 seconds to indicate that the
-ffi'*fl.ilI"o-.
3. Set f u nction switch

to "T|ME".
meterlng circuit is
still activated. lf "NON
stops blinking bef ore you trigger the f lash, press

the measu ri ng button again .
o Each time you trigger the flash unit
when
"NON.C" is blinking, the meter will take a new

measurement.
4.
Set shutter speed by


in full stops.
Make su re shutter speed is set with in camera's
X-sync range.
22
FLASH MEASUREMENTS WITHOUT A SYNC CORD (NON.C MODE}
Shutter-priority (TIME ) Mode

measu rement ci rcu
. Set switches on left side of meter to:

Analog-displayswitch.. ."FNO."
Digital-displayswitch..
."FNO."
Normallanalyzeswitch.. . "NORM"
Single/mu lti switch
. "M U LT | "
"NON.C"
it.
will blink
on the data panel.
6.
rt
Set measuring mode

to "NON.C".
2.8
5.6
11 16 22 32
llO
90
Jr/
-
NON.C
-ri,i.t\
Trigger the flash unit manually
4564
*rno'
to take a meas-
urement.
o The
requ
ired
f-
number and number

of times the f lash was
triggered will be displayed on the data
32 45 64 90
pane
1t.42 2.845.6 I n167232456490
r'rE
il a
t,'*
%#1,l.Es::l;
|.
o After taking a measurement, "NON.C" continues
3.
Set function switch

to "T|ME".
fr\
''o
1.
1.4
rrl,Er

metering circuit is still activated. lf "NON.C"
<-
stops blinking before you trigger the flash, press

the measu ring button again.
7. Each time the f lash is triggered, the meter recalculates the cumulative exposure. The total number of
flashes and the required f-number will be displayed.
4.
Set shutter speed by


flash was triggered
times to obtain
4
an
f-number readout of
I r.42 2A4 5.68
-* ilg.t'*E f
"";flr
J.E
5:"J;
t15.6 plus 0.5 stop.

Bef
ore taking a new
series
the single/multi switch to

thatdisplayshows"I ".
of
"
measu rements,
R
sl
ide
ESET" and check
Lr
speed from 30 min. to 1/1000 sec. can be set

in full-stop increments.
Make sure speed is set within camera's X-sync
Any
range.
23
FLASH MEASUREMENTS WITHOUT A SYNC CORD (NON.C MODE)
5, Press measuring button to activate flash-
Aperture-priority (FNo.) Mode

Single Measurements
Analog-display switch*.
. "CONTRAST"
Norm allanalyze switch . .
Single/multi switch
coNIRASI
/l\_ r-No
11o
n l-r
rruofil O E^rN
n
ruonvfel
.."FNO."
"NORM"
"SING LE"
LJ
a aNALyzr
n
srr.rcL{rl
o "NON.C" will
blink
on the data panel.
o MULr| aRrsEr
rr When
the function switch is set to "FNo." (step 4

anafog-display switch is set to "FNo."
-4.-3s. -2 . -1 . 0 .
;fl
6.
1 .,2h.
3.4
T''1.trili(
to take a meas-
urement.
7. The exposure readout will be displayed on the

rt
data pane | .
Z.
Set measuring mode
to "NON.C".
3d
GV
th
"
is example,
ind
icates
"
-2
th at
flash power should
-4.-3s.
-2 r .1 . 0 r I . 2n. 3.4
be
ced to on e- %s\;:*ut.tf
quarter to obtain correct exposure at t 14. Alterred
nately, the distance between the f lash and
can be
3. Set function
,-,"""'
dou
su
bject
bled f or correct exposure without
changing the f-number or f lash power.

After taking a measurement, "NON.C" continues
switch
to "T lM E ", and set shutte r speed by mov in g
metering circuit
is still activated. lf "NON.C"
stops blinking before you trigger the flash, press

the measu ring button again.
up/down control.
Each time you trigger the f lash un it when

measu rement.
o
o
Any speed from 30 min. to 1/1000 sec. can be
set
in full stops.

X-sync range.

to "FNO.", then set
down control.
o Any f-number
from t10.7
to tl90
can be set in
full-stops.
24
FLASH MEASUREMENTS WITHOUT A SYNC CORD (NON.C MODE}
Aperture-priority (FNo.) Mode

1.

. "CONTRAST"
Analog-display switch*.
Digital-displayswitch..
Normallanalyze switch..
Single-multi switch
."FNO."
.."NORM"
. . "MULTI"
o "NON.C" wifl
blink
on the data panel.
When the function switch is set to "FNo." (step 4

analog-display switch is set to " F No.".
6.
";F-1
11.'"
rtrfr1.,1,:
to take a meas-
7.
The number of times the f lash must be triggered

or correct exposu re wil I be d isplayed.
In th is example, the
flash must be triggered 7 times for
correct exposure at
Set measuring mode
to NON.C.
-2 o -t . 0 . t . ,2". 3.4
urement.
2.
-4.-3sr
'- ,ato t*
TIXE
lF
it 7_r't thit
H,:
'f-xd
E, U
'so LI
I
11125 sec. and t116.
After taking measurement, "NON.C" continues to

blink for about 60 seconds to indicate tlrat the
metering circu it is still activated. lf "NO N .C"

stops blinking before you trigger the ffash, press
the measuring button again.

to "T M E ", then set
Each time you trigger the flash unit when

measu rement.
up/down control.

in full stops.
X-sy nc range.

to "FNO:', then set
f-number by moving upl
down control.
o Any
fu
f-number from
tlj.7 to f/90
can be set in
l-stops.
25
MEMORY FUNCTION
By using the memory f unction, you can store and
compare measurements of different areas of a scene
or of d ifferent light
sou rces.
Two
measu rements can
be stored in the meter's memory and are indicated by
Error Display
A maximum
of
two
rements can be
stored in the memory. lf
measu
pointers on the analog scale. The stored measurements can be recalled to the digital display by pres-
you press the memory

key after two measu re-
sing the On lRecdl button.

To store measurements in the memory, the NORM/
ANALYZE switch must be set to "NORM".
a farge letter 'tE" (error)

will appear. The error
. After taking a measurement, press the memory ("M"1 button. A

memory indicator (black
dot) appears to the right
of the analog scale when
a measu rement is stored
tion
d isp
lay can
in either of
be
two
ways:
Method
@
-4.-3s. -2 . -l . 0 .
t .
2H. 3.4
a
trast
pointer at the 'tO"

position indicates the
requ
ired
number settings.
f-
2.8
tfiYii \
5.6
r1
16 22 32 4564 90
FNo
AMBI
11.42 2.845.68
*60
1.4
..-t,r
lflrEl
2.8
5.6
1-,
Li
t1 t6 2232
45 64
rl
rl fl
1ff1 fl.il
L-t
-t
Press
1 .
2.8
the
ment will be d isplayed

on the data pane | . The
f irst and second measurements remain stored
in the memory.
1t.42 2.845.6 I lrGz2s245eogo i
* fi ll
3.4
FNc
'- [/J I
ifrf,,ou"'
5.6
11 16
22324564
90 .
FN'
Effa
ilfio*'
measu ring
button. A new measure-
2r.
ala
1 1.t 2
lf,n
Meth od 2
rN'
f- |-,
;94
FN(
-4.-3s. -2 . -l . 0 .
ITIME;
s4go
90 .
'"' L, t? o'"'
-.
1.U il
lf you press the memory-clear ("M-C L R ") key,

both measurements will be cleared f rom the
memory.
the mode, such as f rom "T I M E " to

"FNo.", will clear the memorized data.
Changing
lf the f -number scaf e is d isplayed,
changing the
ilm-speed or shutter-speed setting will also change
the positions of the pointers.
Measurements remain stored in the memory when
the measuring mode or light receptor is changed
and when the single/multi switch is moved. This
lets you to store and compare f lash and am bientlight measurements. You can also compare incident and reflected-light measurement.
Measurements remain stored until the memoryclear ("M-C L R ") key is pressed or as long as
f
26
*fi
1.4
n1
When the f-number
to the
t
1
fSO f
second measu rement. The other pointer ind icates

the relationship to the second read ing.
scale is displayed, the
pointers correspond
trfa'*llt^."'
in the memory.
trfa'*",y.tfi^."'
To store a second measurement, press the memory ("M" ) button a second time.
con
t6 2232 45et SO !
irst and second measurements remain stored
2.
11
recent measurement. The
measurement is taken.
lf the measurement is outside the meter's measuring range, it cannot be stored in the memory.
When the
When the f -number
the correspond ing tnumber when the
5.6
'l
scale is displayed, a
pointer appears above
Push the OnlRecall

button. The 'tE" will be
replaced by the most
in the memory.
o When the contrast

scale is displayed, a
pointer will appear
above the t'0" posi-
E''l
cleared
2.8
ments have been stored,

("
How to store measurements:
1 1.t Z
battery power lasts.
How to Clear the Memory
How to Recall Measurements
To clear the mem, press the mem oryclear ("M-CLR") key.
One measurement is stored:
The most recent measurement is displayed bef
ore pressing the On/ Re-
call button.
o(y
-4.-3s. -2 . -l . 0 .
*r5fi
-.ff,
1 .
FNo
2H. 3.4.
When the key is pressed,
tr
ifr[i
the memory ind icators

(black dots) and the
pointers corresponding
to the stored measu re-
The stored measu rement appears when the

OnlRecall button is held
ments
lf only one measurement is memorized,

0 (zero) or that mea-
1 l.b 2
2,8
5.6
I ll
16 22
Be-
fore pressing the memory-
clear ("M-C LR ")

the most recent
down.
su
will disappear.
key,
mea-
surement is displayed on
the data panel.
1.4
2.8
5.6
I tl 15 22 32 4564
,-*, -1
lrtue; 1] l-l
Lt
Lf
FNo
-t -t
Pln
90
AMBI
rement wi | | appear.
Memory indicator
-4.-3s. -2 . -1 . 0 .
*F,ii
(dot) blinks.
,so tr ,J*__\
-
Llf
1 .
2H. 3.4.r.
-u'.r
'."rT.fl
^""'
fi
Two measurements are stored:

The most recent meas-
urement is displayed before pressing the On/Reca
| button.
One stored measurement appears when the

On/Recall button is held
down.
su
Another stored mearement appears when
the On/Recall button
held down a
time.
is
second
-4.-3s.
-2 . -1 | 0 . | . 2F. 3.4.
a
trh'*,Jlr^'"'
.4.-3s..2
. -,1 .0
1 .
2re
3r{rr
trh'*'ffff'^'"'
-4.-3s. -i
*bli
iTlHEl r- l-l
. -l . 0 .
Zh.
t.o)i
rro
Fl{(
lr
".#-1 iln-o*"'
no measurements are stored, a large zero ("0")

appears on the digital display when the On/Recall
button is pressed.
f
The stored measurements can be displayed sequentially by repeatedly pressing the On/Recall button.
When the button is released, the most recent
measurement will appear on the data panel.
27
LECTED-L IGHT CALCU LATIONS

Reflected-light calculations must be made in
shutter-priority ("T lM E") mode. Aperture-priority
("FNo.") mode cannot be used.
RE F
Measurements can be taken
The f-number setting required for proper exposure
of the high light area will be indicated by the

digital f-number display. The " lll" mark indicates
that the highlight calculation is displayed.
or " NON.C" mode.
The reflected-light attachment, Viewfinder 5o or

inder 1 0o | | must be attached to the receptor
V iewf
head when making ref lected-light calcu lations.
use the Booster
lf you
When the
contrast
isplayed, the
scale is
ll or Sinar Booster 1 for ref lected-
the
lations, the spherical diffuser must be

attached to the receptor head to obtain the proper
light
calcu
Highlight calculations should be used when the

most important areas in a scene are white or very
light tones. This method is especially usef ul when

shooting color-slide (color-reversal) f ilm, since it
ensures that suff icient high light detai I wil I be re.
("M-CLR") button to
scale is dispfayed, the
left pointer indicates

the h igh light ca lcu la-
-.
Li
has been increased
area.
1.4
2 2.8 4 5.6 I
JUg t- f,
ft
fSO f
11
FHo
t-l
tt
tt1
tion, and the right pointer
ind icates
162232456490.
nh
o""'
n.Ll Li-.
the
measu red
Before pressing the h igh light ' 'H" key, Vou can
store two measurements in the memory. The
highlight calculation will be based on the higher
measu rement.
specular
-2 . -l . 0 . 1 . 2Ho 3.4
-4.-3s.
*fulE li-l
t-l
li
"tr,
''|o
FNr
'
AMBI
| ,- -
iE, 1
3.
Press the h igh light

") key. The reading
will be stored in the
memory and the highlight exposu re wi | be
("H
-:-
ill
28
r "H"
ou"'
,P-t
2.3 stops.
hishlisht).
calcu lated automatical ly.
lette
,:I,LI
Once the h igh light ("H"1 key is pressed, the h ighlight calculation cannot be stored in the memory.
f only one measurement is memo rized, highlight
calculation is based on this measurements.
2. Measure a very light

area that contains some
detail (not a
ISO f rt
L-l -f
When the f -number
Highl ight Calculations
1 . Press the memory-clear

clear any previous readings.
sm al
*fiil
to indicate that the exposure
exposure indications.
ta ined
Shadow Calculations
Shadows calcu lations shou ld be made when a large
or very important area consists of darker tones. This
method is especially useful when shooting color-slide
f
ilm, since it
ensu
res that the shadow areas will
receive suff icient exposure.
1. Press the memory-clear

clear any previous readings.
2.
Measure a
dark
When the
contrast

-4.-3s. -2 . -1 . 0 .
*f,
il
'no
"".--
'l .
2H. 3.4.
ru
,- -7.n
'ii
AMBI
Lt |
\
the small letter "S" to
indicate that the exposure has been decreased
2.7 stops.
(M-C L R ")
button to
When the f-number

right pointer indicates
the shadow calcu lation, and the left
area
that contains some detail

(not a solid black tone).
1.4
2.8
5.5
11 16
2232 456t
S*h'"'5".fifi
90
o'"'
pointer indicates the measured area.

Before pressing the shadow "S" key, you can store
two
in the memory. The shadow

will be based on the lower measure-
measurements
calculation
ment.
Once the shadow
.4.-3sr -2 . -1 . 0 .
1 .
2a.
##a '"'l.lJ J
3.4
^."'
("S") key is pressed, the shadow

calculation cannot be stored in the memory.
lf only one measurement is memorized, shadow
calculation is based on this measurements.
rt. Press the shadow

("S") key. The read ing
will be stored in the
memory and the shadow
exposure will be calculated automatically.
The f-number setting required for proper exposure

of the shadow area will be indicated by the digital
f-number display. The " E" mark indicates that a
shadow calculation is displayed.
29
Averaged Calculations
When the scene has a wide variety of brightness,
you can make an averaged calcu lation to determ ine
the best exposure. Using this method, the exposure is
calculated by averaging two measurements, such as a
highlight and a shadow measurement.
1 . Measu re the ightest
area that you want to
I
retain some detail (not
specu
lar
then press the

("M") button
2.
light),
memory
high
Measure the darkest
area
that you want to
retain some detail (not

a solid black tone), then
press the memory ("M")
-4.-3s.
JU!-
-2
. -l |
r' r-,
fl t-l
-4.-3s.
calcu
lation, press the
OnlRecall button or
the memory-clear ("MCLR") key. When the
OnlRecall button
pressed,
FN"
cent
f- f-
""-*,_l 7.n'E,
Lf
How to clear calculated measurements
o To clear a highlight,
shadow, or average
the most
measu
urements
button.
4t
\t.
Press the averagi ng

("A") key to calcu late an
average exposu re.
When the averaging key is pressed, the "E!.t' mark

appears above the digital f-number setting.
When the
contrast
scale is displayed, two
pointers will aPPear at

equal distances from
the center t'0" position
-4r-3s . -2
............:-
*fit
'to ti tl
. 0 .
I .
t""
Znc
3.lr r
un?
AMBI
1.Ll
When the f-num ber

highlight
measure-
11.42 2.84s.68 n16223245eAgO
5*h
-",-f.hio*"'
ment is indicated by
the right pointer, the averaged exposure by the
center pointer, and the shadow measurement by
the left pointer.
averaged calculation, two measurements must be stored in the memory.
To make an
30
-JI
fq
t-t
is
re-
rement appear and the stored
will be retained.
meas-
When the memory-clear
("M-CLR") key is pressed, the most recent measurement appear and the stored measurements will
be cleared f rom the memory.
-2 . -l . 0 . 1 . 2r. 3.4
!
n1
RECALT
Checking Other Areas of the Scene
After making a highlight, shadow, or averaged

calculation, you can check how other areas of the
scene will be reproduced. For example, after making
a highlight calcufation, you can take measurements of
shadow and midtone areas to see how these will be
reproduced on the f ilm.
When the "H", "S", or 'tA" key is pressed, the
cafculated exposure is fixed on the digital dispfay.
Additional measurements will be ind icated on the
contrast scale. The following example shows how to
check other areas of a scene after making a highlight
calculation.
Use of the optional Viewfinder 5o or Viewfinder
10o
The examples below show how the different areas
of the scene will be reproduced if the exposure is

made at the highlight calculation.
a. Will be reproduced as
a specular highlight
with no detail.
b. Will be reproduced
-4.-3s.
-2 . -l . 0 o I . 2hr 9.4.
JIUE , -,
+9,
fl.fir^.''
as
a midtone value.
ll is recommended.
Measured area
l. A highlight calculation is displayed after

pressing the highlight ,H"
c. Will be reproduced as
a shadow tone with
some detail.
key.
2.
Measured area_______1
Press
.4.-3s.
-2 . -1 . O . .l . 2^. 3.t
.
tfiT-\
f.n1
the measuring
button to take a measure-
ment of
from the
o The
anothe
area
<-
scene.
measu rement is
indicated by second
pointer on the contrast scale, while the
highlight calculation
remains on the digital
display.
Measured area
-4.-3s. -2 . -l . 0 .
-#\
.TIME
ll n
'n.
1 .
LI
2A. 3.4
AMBI
fl.fl n
31
Changing the Highlight and Shadow Values

The Flash Meter IV is programmed to increase the
by 2.3 stops when the high light key is

to decrease the exposure by 2.7 stops
exposure
pressed, and
when the shadow key is pressed. These values produce correct exposure for highlights and shadows
when using most color-slide (color-reversal) f ilms.
However, when using some films, particufarly bfackand-white negative f ilms, you may want to change the
highlight and shadow vafues to provide more or less
Changing the Shadow Vatue
To increase the shadow value:

Hold down the "S" key and move the up/down
control upward.
To decrease the shadow value:
Hold down the

control downward.
After you have changed either the highlight or

vaf ue, the new value will be used f or all
further
caf cu lations until you reset the original values

or remove the battery.
Changing the Highlight Value

To increase the highlight value:
Hold down the
"H" key and move the up/down
the up/down control.

The shadow pointer moves to the right as the value
is decreased and to the left as the vafue is increase.
"H" key and move the up/down
*fi[i
ISO f
Et
control upward.
To decrease the highlight value:
Hold down the
Each time the up/down control is moved, the

num ber will change by 0.1 of a stop. The
number changes continuousfy if you keep pressing
digital
exposu re.
shadow
l.fi t
rt
-t
I
_4..3s.
the up/down control.
The highlight pointer moves
to the right as the
value is increased and to the left as it is decreased.
,4.-3s. -2 . -1 . O .
'J]!E
f n
FNo
-l,lt
Lil
-"'.--_l
\
Measu
1 .
tF
in
2x.
[,
,l
I
FNo E
'7.
"S" key pressed

-2.7 stops
aMEl
-4.-3s. -2 . -l . 0
1 . 28.
Zl. 3.4
O . 1
a
fir-r
'{o
E-
f r
AMBI
/ "'t_*l. 7.n fl
L'I
ew va ue : +2.5 stops
Q/10 stop more than
E,.fl r'^""'
''H" key pressed

Standard highlight value:
+2.3 stops
standard highlight value)

-4.-3s. -2 . -.1 . O
'
1 .
2x.
New value: -3.0 stops

(3110 stop f ess than standard shadow value)
.4.-3s.
-2 . -l . 0 . | . Zs. 3.u
*fi il
""1r
To cancel the adiusted setting:

Hold down the appropriate key
'*"
,?
r,
\.[l
aMB,
vaf ue
("H" or,'S"), and

move the up/down control downward until the
pointer on the contrast scale returns to "0" position.
o Adjusted values remain set until battery is removed.
3.4
o
trh'"'8,.f/ r,
^""'
va lue : +2.0 stops

1O stop less than
New
(31
standard highlight value)
32
FNo E
f f
-\ l.n
:l
standard shadow
rement taken
fir
Standard
shadow value :
-
,sa
LlLl
'-.'"'//
Ett-t
""---,
t-? -t
\
New value: -2.5 stops

(2/10 stop more than
fr L'
E f,
Jrud; I
-2 . -1 . 0 .
3.4
FMEI
JlMg
-2 . -t . O . .l . 28.
-4.-3s.
Measurement taken
control downward.
Each time the up/down control is moved, the

digital number will change by 0.1 of a stop. The
number changes continuously if you keep pressing
"S" key and move the up/down
EXPOSURE ADJUSTMENT
After taking an incident-light measurement, you

may want to adjust the meter's indicated exposure to
compensate
for f ilter factors, bellows-extension
factors, etc. Listed below are some typical situations

where exposure adjustment shou ld be used.
with mostly lighter tones: Decrease

sure by 0.3 to 1.0 stop.
o Scenes with mostly darker tones: Increase
Scenes
expo-
sure by 0.3 to 0.5 stop.
rement, press the mem-
ory-clear button to clear
any previous
Polarizing filters require a 2-stop

increase in exposu re, f or example.
Bellows-extensions f actors: When the magnif ication is 1 12 life-size, a 1-stop increase in exposure is
require, for example.
readings
from the memory. Then
take an
expo-
o Filter factors:
o
To use the exposure-adjustment setting:

Bef ore ta k i ng a meas-
-4o-3s.-2 . -1 .0
',nMEt
r n
LfLf
FN(
. | . 2i. 3r4
'
r/-n
I r
iE
AME'
incident-light
reading in the usual way,
and press the "H" key to

calculate an exposure increase , or press the "S"
key to calculate an exposu re decrease. I n the
exam
le, the
SA
r1 tTl
exposu re
When using the Minolta Booster, Booster II, or

Sinar Booster 'l f or highlight or shadow readings.
was increased 2 stops to

compensate for a polariz-
(See note in the next column.)
ing filter.
*f i,
rSO f
,t
ni
'""
fl.fr,
^""'
To set the exposure-adjustment value:

To cancel an exposure-adjustment setting:
Hold down the appropriate key ("H " or "S"), and
To decrease exposure:
Hold down the "Ht'

key and move the upl
down control upward
until the desired change
move
the up/down control downward until
the
pointer on the contrast scale returns to 'tO" position.

o Exposure-adjustment values remain set until the
battery is removed.
is indicated.
NOTE
The exposure increase can be set from 0 to +4.0

stops in tenth-stop increments.
o The pointer on the
contrast scale moves
to
the
right as the exposure is increased.
To increase
ex posu re
calculations with the Minolta Booster, Booster II,

or Sinar Booster 1, we recommend that the highlight
va lue be set to the ' 'H' ' mark (+2.3 stops ) and the
shadow value to the "S" mark l-2,1 stops) on the
contrast scale.
Hold down the "S"

key and move the up/
-\\
down control
.=;-rr==l-
upward
until the desired change

is ind icated.
When using the Minolta Booster, Booster II, or

Sinar Booster 1 , the spherical diffuser must be attached to the receptor head. To make highlight or shadow
\*"-
SA
1-
O ri-r r-l
The exposure decrease can be set from 0 to -4.0

stops in tenth-stop increments.
The pointer on the contrast scale moves to the left
as the exposure is decreased.
33
MIXED LIGHTING: FLASH WITH AMBIENT

Analyze Function
The Flash Meter
IV features a special "analyze"
function which indicates the contribution to exposure

made by flash light sources and ambient light sources
such as daylight or tungsten light. The meter takes
f lash and ambient light measu rements at the same
time, then stores the measu rements separately. The
total exposure is shown on the digital display, while
pointers on the contrast scale indicate the total
exposure, f lash contribution,

con tr ibut ion
and
ambient-light
IGHT
Adjusting the settings
The amount of ambient light can be controlled by
changing the shutter speed or the f-number. The
amount of flash light can be controlled by changing
the flash power, the distance between the flash and
subject, or the f-number. After changing any settings,
take another measurement to determine the correct
ex posu re.
o In
sh u
By changing the shutter speed, f-number, o( flash

power, you make either light source dominant. For
if the
lit by flash and tungsten light

and you are using daylight-balanced color film, the
scene wif l appear redd ish when the tu ngsten light is
example,
th
scene is
dominant and normal when the f lash is dominant.

As you change the exposure settings, the pointers
on the contrast sca le will ind icate wh ich light sou rce
is dominant. For example, setting a slower shutter
-,1:l
mm
Eil
1tn,
1 .
bient light
I
brighter than the flash.
.0...ilj.,
IUg
. .r .tl
-, s
L-
. r . 2.. s.,.lii
FNo
,*,;;l
IUU
i fi
coRo
In th is photo, the
flash and ambient
light provided about
the same amount of
light. The pointers
'".
nction
became
am bient ight was

about 2-1 /4 stops
'iii.
|.fl
pear next to
ilcoRD
apeach
other when flash

am
Total exposure of f lash and ambient light

b: Flash light (blinking pointer)
c: Am bient light
Fu
was
dominant. The pointers indicate that the
2x o 3o4'?'i'
a:
To use "Anal yze"
speed
used so that the am-
speed will increase the amount ambient-light exposure. Or if you increase the f lash power, the f lash exposure will be more dominant.
-{o-tso -l- o -t '.' 0 .
is photo, a slow
tte r
bient light
and
sou rces
are about equa l.
.t.-3r. -2 o 1!j
-t .
1]!E
'so
-t
Fxo
i0o
In
th is photo, the
lash power was increased to ma ke the
f lash lighting dom if
1. Set switches on left side of meter to

"CONTRAST", "FN o." , "ANALYZE" , and
,,SING
2.
LE
".
nant. The pointers in-
dicate that the flash

Set f lash mode to either "CORD" or "NON .C"
o For the following examples, shutter-priority
was about 2-314 stops
brighter than the ambient light.
("TlME") mode was used, but aperture-priority
("FNo.") mode can also be used.
3.
34
Take a measurement.
@E A
L,
"", ,, ir Cl.
Fr&
'r
ItJ.Er i
coRo
To make the f lash light dominant:
To make the ambient light dom inant:

Decrease the shutter speed:
Set the function
switch to "T lM E ", and
move the u p/down con-
Increase the shutter speed:
Set the function

to "T lM E ", and
switch
move the up/down con-
trol upward to set
trol downward to set a

slower
sh
utter
speed
o The pointer f or ambient light will move

closer to the tO' '
position on the con-
o The pointer for flash

light will move
sca
le as the
bient light
am
becomes
the contrast scale
-4o-3s. -2 . -l . 0 .
[!tt4-9 f
|-,
FNo.
Ettt
". -_-_,
LI -t
-tli
-t
'
dom i nant.
.4.-3s.
lrtl'tel
I .
2x.
f f
J. f,
3.4zlr
-:'
or
bient light
am-
becomes
lash power should be
decreased by two
stops. lf th is is not
possible, dou ble the
d
istance between the
f lash
and
su
bject.
FNo.
-(iA
""fr
Lll
1 .
tt
Ft
1.U
3.4'rt
2x.
g]xorc
function
the t'0" position
-4.-3s
'':'fi
rso t:
o fn this example, "-2

GV" indicates that
ruorr c
-lt
i
-4.-3s. -2 . -l d b .
Set the
set
dom i nant.
f f
7.n
switch to "Gv " , and

move u p/down control
upward to set a positive
"GV" number.
o The blinking pointer
will move closer to
"GV" number.
f
Increase amount of f lash light:
move the u p/down conpointe r
FNo
firt
".;;---t
t]t -t
X-sync range.
PJ.';i.rr"o^rc
Set the function

switch to "Gv " , and
bient light will move

closer to the t'O''
position on the contrast scale as the am-
the
! -t'l 3 . r . 2". 3.it\
fl
iTlMEj -, r-
Decrease the amount of f lash illumination:
o The
o Make sure that
-{.-3s. -2
'J]',E f
FNo.
Lf l
a negative
as
be-
shutter speed you set

is within the camera's
I f
the f lash light

comes dominant.
Nor'. c
! I . r . ,,. ,.rii{
*=f_1
trol downward to
closer
to the "0" position on
trast
faster shutter speed.
ll
U
Llt
. 2H. 3.4/a[
.l
-2
FNo.
+rt
rLl @
ro,
-f,
i't
Ll
comes dominant.
-l
-l
-4.-3s
. -e't'.
| .
#fat*t'l.ll
2a.
3.4'
'At(
J^,""'
is example , "*2
in d icates th at
GV"
In
th
. z*.
Ool
''"fifi
rso
ruori.c
i
. 0 .
on
the contrast scale as

the f lash light be-
t*
+rt
LI
E. U
Lll
rr
o -1. Lfi-t
lt
-l
3.i'4{
NoH c
t
-4.-3s
-2
''" fi fl
.-l
. r . 2,.
3.7F'
+ 'l
flash power should be
fi i j rltHoH.c
r @ ,J.LI
fSO f ,t
LI
Et't
increased by two
stops or distance between the flash and subiect
should be decreased by one-half .
aaaa
35
FILL.IN FLASH
Often when taking pictures in direct sunlight, the
shadows on the subject appear too dark. One way to
lighten these shadows is
to fire an electronic flash
unit to "fill-in" (lighten) the shadow. Another name

for fill-in flash is "synchro-sun" flash.
The Flash Meter IV's memory function lets you
store and compare separate measurements of ambient
light (using "AMB l" mode) and f lash light (using
"CORD" or "NON.C" mode). Then by pressing the

On/Recall key, you can compare the measurements,
and adjust the f lash.
a small amount of flash light is

to fill in the shadows. A good starting point is
to use about two stops less flash light than the
am bient light. With experience, you can vary the
amount of fill-in flash according to your needs.
The following steps explain how to make fill-flash
3. With the meter set

to "CORD" or " NON.C"
flash mode, take a
rement of the
light (wh ile holding the
meter near you r su bsu
ject).
dlt+\
meaf lash
<-
ilHl
Use the same shutter-speed setting that you used
for the ambient-light measurement.
Usually only
needed
measurements using incident-l ight readings, but

reflected-light readings can also be taken.
To make fill-in flash measurements:
1
. With the
1.4
*E[IF
TtMe',
2 28 4
l-t
lso f: u
L'I
so the f lash was adjusted to produce a reading of f /4.
f-nu m ber requ ired f or

correct exposu re of the
5.6
8 il 16 2232 4564
90
FNa
FNO
u,.fr
CORD
il
bient light.
"TlM E" mode shou ld be used so that you can set
the shutter speed with the camera's X-sync ra nge .
2.
("M
Press
")
the
memory
key to store the
read ing.
Ambient light only
-4.-3..
-2 . .l . 0 .
Ttt{E 1- fl
=
f-r
Li
'"
FNo
"-.r--h
36
f-number for the flash light is about two stops less

than the am bient light. Take another f lash measu rement to conf irm the change.
o To compare the measurements, the ambient-light
measurement can be displayed by pressing the
On/Recall key. The flash measurement reappears
when you release the key.
required f-number for
am bient light was f 18,
ight reading in
"AM B l" mode to determine the shutter-speed/
incident-l
am
change the
distance between the flash and subject so that the
o For this example, the
spherical
diffuser attached, take an
4. Adjust the flash's power level or
I .
2-.
a.o.
n f, - o*"'
fl.iln
Ambient light with fill-in flash
Compa
ments
ring I ncident- and
R ef
lected- L ight Measu re-
Measured area
-4.-3s. '2 . -l
Memorized measu rements are stored in the mem-
ory even if you change the light receptor. After

taking an incident-light measurement, you can
iTlMEl
,- ,.,
firt
ISO t- rt
tt'r
attach the reflected-light attachment (or Viewfinder

5o, Viewf inder 1 0" II) and check the exposure for
Measu
highlight and shadow areas.
tone.
For this
explanation, ambient-light mode
Press
the
1,-
Liti,!r
press the memory ("M")

key to store the measurement.
Measu red area

a
1-
;-1
L-I
LI
t-r
"",r-Et
[*;-'
be
Snrd
previous readings.
2. Take an incidentlight measurement and
red area will
was
to clear any
memory-clear button
ff
reproduced as a highlight
used, but both f lash modes can also be used.
1,
----1
Measu
"'fli7r,
AMBI
red area wi | be
a black
|
reproduced as
tone with no detail.

Measured area
.4.-3sr -2 . -1 . 0 .
1 .
2^.
3.4
a
-4o-3sr -2 . -1 . 0 .
Irtg
,-,
LtLt
,*;,n
l:
FNo
L"\
3.
Detach the
spherica
1 .
2".
nn
il.Li d
3.4
aMBl
.-.
FNo tr
ftUe
r; ff
""
,ff--t,
Measu
AMBI
P,.iJ n
red area
wi
be
reproduced as a shadow
tone with some detail
diffuser and attach the
reflected-light attachment, Viewfinder

finder 10" II.
5o
, or View-
4. Press the averaging

("A") key. The " a"
mark will appear above

the digital f-number display.
-2 . -'l . 0 . I . 2^. 3.4
-4.-3s.
r@r,-, * '
^r,
tlt ti
-\
Ll
'*,:,J
n-l
5.
bu
Press the measuring
tton to
ta
ke
m ea su re-
AMal
fTl
ments of other areas.
3
The incident-light
measu
rement
will
be shown on
the digital display, while pointers on the contrast

sca le wi ll ind icate the oth er measurements.
37
MEASUREMENTS FOR MOVIE CAIVIERAS
1,
.
Singlelmulti switch
. "F No."
Analog-display switch.
.."FNo."
. "NORM"
"SING LE"
Shutter-sector open ing

Shutter-sector opening is 180" for all frame rates.
ff you use a movie camera that has a shutter-sector
opening other than 1 80", the f ilm speed shou

adjusted according to the table below.
Sh utte r-sector
open i ng
1
60"
2.
Set measuring mode
to "AMB 1".
AH
Adjustment to
fi lm speed
-1
220"
ld be
13
+1 13
Decrease ISO setting by 1/3 stop

(e.9., for ISO 100 film, set ISO 80).
+1 13: Increase ISO setting by 1/3 stop
(e.g ., f or ISO 100 film, set ISO 120l-
-1 13:
l-l
5.
Press
the
measu ring
C*
button to take a measure-
ment. The
requ ired
f-number will be displayed on the data panel.
3.
Set function switch

to "T|ME".
<E
E]
rame rate was set to
24 frames per second
and the requ ired t-
l.t 2LO 4 5.68 ll162,232456490
4. Set frame
(frames per second) by

moving the up/down control.
Frame rates appear after 1/8000 sec. in shutterspeed d isplay.
The f ollowing f rame rates can be set:

18, 24,32, and 64 f rames per second.
38
"#o\'*y.0
number was f 14 plus 0.1 stop.
rate
8, 12, 16,
ro*"'
LIGHTING RATIO CALCULATIONS

The meter's memory function lets you check the
lighting ratio (relative brightness) of various light
sources. By controlling the lighting ratio, you can
vary the amount of shadow detail in a photograph.
For example, lighting ratios f rom 2:1 through 4:1
produce lighter shadows which are desirable in color
portraits. Whereas lighting ratios of 6: 1 and higher
produce much deeper shadows and are often used
5.
Hold the meter next

so that the
diffuser's surface is per-
to the subject
lar to the
light sou rce, then
pendicu
<r
main
press
the measuring button to

take a reading.
in dramatic black-and-white portraits.
tta
-4.-34. -2 . -1 . 0 .
rtuL/'
1. Attach the optional

o
2".
a,
LtLt
'r" Llr,rI
flat diffuser.
1 .
''
3.U.
AMBI
_.
l.i
ExlN.
Shield the diffuser from other light sources with
your hand to their light from striking the flat

diffuser and affecting the reading.
6.
the
Press
memory
button to store the readi
ll
[ , rlv ],,.,,1 ii
ng.
RECALL
tr
Z.
Set switches on left side of meter to "CON

TRAST", "ExlN", "NORM ", and "SINGLE".
f**
cv
I rso
I FNo.
I
3. Set the measuring

mode to "AM B l"
7.
"CORD", or " NON.C".
to
ta
Repeat steps 5 and 6

ke a read ing of the
other light
sou rce.
<b
4. Set the
function
switch to "T lM E ".
'
#t
#
Ji ry
REuAr-u
rA
L,
,-;;-\
Any shutter speed can be used. In average illumination, a speed around 1160 sec. should produce
Ll
,l .
2^.
Lf
l-Hlil
VryI
o
llt
-4.-3s. -2 . -'l . 0 .
JtlA' E n
ErlN.
3.4
AMBI
7.';l
The pointers on the contrast scale will indicate the

difference in illumination with quarter-stop
accu racy.
acceptable resu lts. Use a f aster speed in very bright

light, and a slower speed in low light.
39
GUIDE NUMBER CALCULATIONS
o When the
f-number
16 2232 4566 90 .
1
2 2.8 4 5.6 8
o'"'
fi
,:. ,,
pointers show the dif"" ../n ExrN -l.Li
ference in illumination with half-stop accuracy.
* ii
1.4
o To check the lighting

ratio to 1/1O-stop ac-
11
2.
Attach the optionaf flat diffuser.

Analog-displayswitch.. ."FNo."
"ExlN"
Digital-display switch.
.."NORM"
"S lN G LE "
3. Set measuring mode to "CORD" or "NON.C"
displayed on the data

f
1.
i.5
EU
L''
curacy, hold down the

on/reca ll switch. The
f irst read ing wil I be
panel. When you
The Flash Meter IV can be used to determine the

guide number for flash bulbs or electronic flash.
mode.
"CO
re-
ton, the second reading is displayed again. Sub-
I N " number f rom the larger

"Exf N" number to determine the difference in
stops between to the twq read i ngs. R ef e r to the
table to f ind the approximate lighting ratio.
D" mode must be used to
make
gu ide
number calculations for flash bulbs. Either mode

can be used f or electronic f lash.
ease the on lrecall but-
tract the smaller "Ex
Stops difference
Approx. lighting ratio
0.6
1.5:1
4.
Set function switch

100.
to "lSO", then set f ilm speed
to ISO
5.
Set function switch to "TlME".
6, Set the meter's shutter
speed
within
your
camera's x-sync range.
1.0
2:1
1.6
3:1
2.O
4:1
2.6
6:1
3.0
8:1
4.O
16:1
5.0
32:1
7 . Position the f lash meter at a f ixed d istance, such

as 1 meter (3.3 feet) from the flash unit and aim the
diffuser directfy at the flash unit.
8.
Take a f lash reading in the usual way.
9.
Use the displayed "Ex I N " number in the f ormu

below to determine the guide number.
la
ExlN
G.N. = 1.14 x d x 2 2
Where d = Flash-to-merer distance
Example
With a display reading of "ExlN 10.0" at ISO 100

and a f lash-to-meter d istance of 1 meter, work the
equation
as
follows:
10
G.N. = 1.14 x
-- 1.14 x
*Z'
x2s
x x32
= 36.5 in meters at ISO 100 (aPProx.)
= 1.14
40
L LUM
To
INANCE CA LCU LATIONS
measure
the illum inance of an ambient light
(non-f lash ) source
Attach the optional flat diffuser.
2.
Analog-displayswitch.. ..
Norm al lanalyze switch . .
3,
."CONTRAST"
.."ExlN"
. "NO R M"
. "S I N G LE "
Exposure Value Numbers

To determine the Exposure value for ambient light
measurement, set the meter to "AMB|" and "TlME"
modes, then set the shutter speed to either 1 sec. or
any "ClN E" setting. Any ISO f ilm-speed setting can
be used. The "Exl N" number that will appear after
taking a measurement is the Exposure Value ("EV")
at that ISO setting.
Set measuring mode to "AM Bl".
4- Set function switch to "lSO", then set the

film
speed
5.
Set function switch to
to
6.
1 sec.
to ISO 100.
or any of the
"TlME" and shutter
speed
lN E settings.
Position the meter so that the
flat diffuser
is
parallel with and as close as possible to the subject

be ing i I lu m i nated , then press the measu ring button to
ta
ke a read i ng.
7.
Use the
"ExlN" number in the formula below.

fux=2.5x2ExrN
Lux
100,000
10,000
1,000
100
10
1
10
12
14
16
lExlN.l
Example
With a display reading of "Ex lN 10.0" work the

equation
as
follows:
fux- 2.sxrExlN
-2.5x2lo'o
= 2.5 x 1024
= approx. 2600
NOTE
o F or precise measu rement of
il lum inance, use of

the Minolta llluminance Meter is recommended.
4'.1
IN
FRARED R EIVIOTE COIVTROL
The F lash Meter IV has a built-in inf rared ( | R )

transmitter that permits remote control via the optional Data Receiver D R- 1 000 or I R Receiver-Trigger.
Designed exclusively f or use with M inolta
(Maxxum) 7000 and 9000 AF SLR cameras, the Data
Receiver D R- 1 000 ets you to trigger a f lash unit, set
the camera's f-number and shutter speed, and release
the shutter-all by remote control.
f
The I R Rece iver-Trigger can be used with any

camera and any electronic flash unit and permits
remote triggering of the f lash un it when taking
3. Point the lR trans,

mitter window on the
meter at the Data Recei-
D R-1000 (or lR
Receiver-Trigger) and
press the measuring button to trigger the flash
ver
un it.
The f lash will f ire and

the exposure reading
flash readings.
will appear on
A 6-volt
meter's data panel.
alka
line or
d /t{
__JF
ill Hl
:-_
u*;
11.422.8t
i(
the
5.6
11 16 22 32 45 64 90
Ft'lo.
''o fiY
E'ft
\\f/
EI.LI t-s / l\
NoN.
6.2-volt silver-oxide bat-
tery must be
installed
in battery chamber B on
the Flash Meter IV to use
the lR Receiver-Trigger
or Data Receiver D R1
ffi
000.
))))))))))
DR-1000 or lR
Receiver-Trigger
Camera
lR Receiver-Trigger or Data Receiver DR-1000

Remote triggering of a flashunit:
I
| . Set measuring mode

to "NON.C".
tr
Z.
Press the measuring

button once to activate
the meter's circu it.
o "NON.C" will
blink
on the data panel.
AH
:J l*1
drq
-H
<b
ill Hl
1
.ore
1.4
2 2.8 4 5.6 8
i( a
"'[/,
42
11 16
2232 b564
Ft{o
90
r\
|z
7)"ii
CALIBRATION
IV has been precisely calibrated

standard during manufacture. No further
The Flash Meter
Data Receiver DR-1000
(For Minolta (Maxxuml 7000 and 9000 AF SLR
to Minolta's
of the meter is usually required for

However, should you wish to
results.
optimum
calibrate the Flash Meter IV to match the reading
from another meter, the Flash Meter IV can be
adjustment
Transfer of exposure settings:
1. Aim the lR transmitter window on the meter at

the Data Receiver D R-1 000.
2.
Press the data-trans-
mission ("DATA OUT")

button.
-0.8 to +0.7 EV f rom the standard setting.

To adiust the meter, use a small screwdriver to
turn the measuring-level adjustment screw which is
adjusted
located under the battery cover. Turning the screw

clockwise produces a higher reading; turning counter-
clockwise produces
a lower reading.The
around the screw represent 0.2 EV steps

the diagram.
as
marks
shown by
NOTE
The shutter speed and

f-number settings dis-
played on the meter

will be transf erred to
The Flash Meter IV should be adjusted only after

determ in ing that the standard setting wi ll not
produce the desired resu lts.
the camera.
-0.2stop
Transf
shutte
1.
the
2.
er of
r
exposu re
settings
with
- 0. 1 stop
*0.lstop
*0.2stop
- 0.3stop
*0.3stop
- 0.4stop
*0.4stop
-0.5stop
*0.5stop
simultaneous
release:
Aim the lR transmitter window on the meter at

D
ata Receiver D R-1000.
Press
release
the
-0.6stop
shutter-
-0.7stop -0.Bstop *0.7stop
*0.6stop
("RELEASE")
button.
RELEASE
The shutter speed and f-number settings displayed

on the meter will be transferred to the camera,
then the shutter will be released.
The following data can be transmitted:
Shutter speeds: 1|4OOO sec. to 30 sec. using Minolta
F-numbers:
(Maxxum) 9000. 1|2OOO sec. to 30

sec. using Minolta (Maxxum) 7000.
Any available f-number f rom the
range available on the AF lens in use.
For example, f rom

the AF 85mm lens
t,'l
.4 to f 122 with
o lf the transferred data is outside the camera's

shutter-speed or f-number range, the closest
available setting is used. For example, 1/4000 sec.
be set if the shutter speed displayed on the
meter's data panel is 1/8000 sec.
will
43
ACCESSORIES
lR Receiver-Trigger
Sinar Booster
The lR Receiver-Trigger lets you trigger a f lash

unit by remote control. This unit connects to the
The Sinar Booster 1 enables you to take measure-
flash unit's sync terminal and receives infrared signals

from the Flash Meter fV. lt can be used with any
electronic flash unit.
ments at the f ilm plane of any large-format view

camera. The unit's probe slips into the camera back.
ff has a rectangular 2.5 x 3mm window that marks
the target field which can be positioned anywhere
at the film plane. Flash or ambient light
measure-
ments can be taken through the lens at any aperture

setting. This eliminates the need to compensate for
bellows extension factors. Contact your nearest Sinar
dealer for further information.
v
Data Receiver DR-l000
The Data Receiver DR-l000 mounts on the camera's

accessory shoe and receives infrared signals from the
Flash Meter [V. The DR-l000 enables wireless remote
control of Minolta (Maxxum) 7000 and 9000 cameras.
With the DR-1000, you can use the Flash Meter IV to
trigger a flash unit, set the shutter speed and f-number, and release the shutter.
Viewfinder 5"
The Viewfinder 5o attaches to the meter's receptor

head for taking spot measurements of ref lected light.
f t has a 5o angle of acceptance and can be used to
take precise measurements of both f lash and ambient
light.
Booster
II
The Boostsr
II is a highly
sensitive receptor for taking
reflected-light measurements (of flash or ambient

light) of very small areas of a scene. Readings can be
taken off a camera's groundglass screen, through a
viewfinder or a microscope optic, or at the f ilm plane.
' The Booster II can also be used for ordinary ref lected-light measurements, and has an angle of acceptance of approx. 60".
Note: Whenever the Booster II is used, the spherical
diffuser must be attached to the meter's receptor
head
44
to produce correct
Viewfinder 10" II
The View f inder l Oo
II can also be used for taking

spot measurements. lt has a 10" angle of acceptance.
Precise readings are possible by positioning the circle
in the viewfinder on the area to be measured.
readings.
Flat Diffuser
The F lat D iff user shou ld be used when determin ing

the lighting ratio between various light sources or to
calculate the illuminance values for continuous light
sources and guide numbers for f lash units. lt can also
be used for incident-light readings of f lat surfaces.
Mini Receptor
The Mini Receptor plugs into the accessory-receptor
jack on the side of the meter's receptor head . lt is
used to measure incident light in places that are
otherwise inaccessible to the meter's receptor head. lt

is especially useful for close-up and macrophotography.
Sync Cord II
The Sync Cord
II is a 5-meter long cord that connects

the meter, flash unit, and camera's sync terminal
together. Using this cord, you can take f lash readings
and release the shutter without changing connections.
Spot Mask
The Spot Mask lets you use the Flash Meter fV as an
enlarging meter. After determining the exposure for a
standard negative, you can measure areas of a subsequent negatives that have similar densities as the
standard negative.
4X and 8X Spherical ND Diffusers

These Spherical
iff users have neutral-density
filters which extend the upper limit of the meter's

measurement range by two stops (witfr 4X diffuser)
or three stops (with 8X diffuser). These diffusers
should be used when the light source is too bright to
be measured with the standard diffuser attached.
II
45
TECHNICAL DETAILS
Type: Multiple-function exposure meter for measuring ambient and flash light; incident- and reflectedlight readings possible with both digital and analog
readouts on LCD data pane | ; ana lyze f u nction for
ments
Aperture Value ("ExlN") numbers: -15.9 to 45.6
readings of ambient-f lash lighting
Receptor: Silicon photocell; receptor head rotates
Incident: Spherical diff user (or other optional
diff users)
lected-light attachment with 40"

acceptance (or optional Viewfinder 5o,
lected:
angle
of
Ref
Viewf inder 10'
il)
External receptors: Optional

II
ini
"
Receptor,
f ncident: f lO.7 to f/90 +0.9

Reflected: f 11.O to tlg0 +0.9 with reflected-light
attachment or Viewf inder 1 0" il; f 11 .4 +0.2 to

f lg} +0.9 with Viewfinder 5o
Ambient light measuring ranges at ISO 100:
Incident: EV -2 to EV 19.5
' Ref lected: EV 1 .0 to EV 22.5 with 40o receptor
' or Viewf inder 10" il; EV 2.2 to EV 23.7 with
Viewfinder 5"
Measuring modes:
"AMB
l": For ambient
light readings
"CORD": For electronic ffash, M-class flashbulbs
with or without ambient light; using f lash unit's
sync cord or optional Sync Cord II
"NON.C": For electronic flash with or without
ambient light; trigger cord not required
Multiple/cumulative readings: Possible with incident
or ref lected light readings of ambient or f lash light
Repeatability: 10.1 EV
to 1 /8000 sec. in 1 -stop

increments
Frames-per-second for movie cameras: 8, 12, 16,
18, 24, 32, 64; shutter-sector opening of 180"
Film-speeds: ISO 8 to ISO 6400 in 1/3-stop
increments
Number of multiple/cumulative exposures:0 to I

(displays last digit of accumulated readings over 9
exposu res in shutter-priority mode)
Guide value (GV) numbers:
Minolta Booster
Flash measuring ranges:
n 0. 1 -stop i ncrem en ts
Shutter speeds: 30 min.
270"
Reception method:
Ref
igital readouts/d isplays :

F-numbers: flO.7 to f 190 +0.9 in 0.1-stop incre-
increments
Analog displays:
-8 to 8 in
l-stop
F-number scale: t11.0 to flg} (in 1l2-stop increments)

Contrast : -4 .O to 4.0 in 1 /4-stop increments
(1 l2-stop increments from
-4 to -3 or 3 to 4)
Other displays: Over- and under-range signals; memo-
ry marks (up to two); analyze function indicator;

highlight, shadow, ohd average calculation marks
Other: Analyze function for metering ambient and
lash light together; Aperture-priority measurement
of ambient and flash light; Infrared remote triggering
of any f lash unit using optional lR Receiver-Trigger;
wireless data transfer to Minolta (Maxxum) 7000
and 9000 cameras via optional Data Receiver D Rf
000
Power source: One AA-size 1 .5-volt alkaline or

carbon-zinc, or 1.2-volt nickel-cadmium for measure-
ment and display; one 6-volt alkaline (4LR44, Eveready 537 or equiv.) or 6.2-volt silver-oxide (+SR44,
Eveready 544 or equiv.) for infrared data transmission
Dimensions= 28
in.)
x 68 x 153mm
(1-1
/8 x 2-1U16 x 6
'
Weight: 2009 (7-1 116 oz.l without batteries

Specif ications subject
46
to change without notice.
CARE AND STORAGE
o Do not press on or damage

o
the indication-display
window
Do not subject the meter to shock or vibration.
The Flash Meter IV
ing agent, such as silica gel.

is designed
for
use
at tempera-
tures 50o and -10oC. lf the unit becomes hotter or

colder than this, operation may be unsatisfactory.
never be placed or left in the

glove compartment or other places in a motor
vehicle, or eleswhere, where it may be subject to
temperatures higher than 55oC,
-20"c,
as
it may be permanently
Never attempt tq disassemble the meter.Any

repairs necessary should be undertaken only by an
authorized Minolta service facility.
o The meter should
'
to be stored, place it in its

original packing, and put it in an air-tight container with an appropriate amount of dehumidify-
When the meter is
or lower
o The meter body may be wiped with a siliconetreated cloth to clean it. Do not allow alcohol or
chemicals of any other kind to touch its surface.
than
damaged. parti-
cular care should be taken not to leave the meter
in sunf ight or near sources of heat such as strong

lights, etc. Do not store it in humid places, or near
o lf the meter is not to
corrosive chemicals.
o lf
Never lubricate any part of the meter.
weeks,
be used for two or more

it is advisable to remove the battery.
the meter is left or placed in direct sunlight for
any long period, the indication-display window

will turn black.
I
t
I
I
I
I
47

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tr

MINOLTA FLASH METER IV

AMBIENT LIGHT MEASUREMENTS

Aperture-Priority (FNo.) Mode

LECTED.LIGHT CALCU LATIONS

Shadow key (29)

ishlight key (281

Data panel (101

Reflected-light attachment (5)

Data-transmission button (42

(For use with Data Receiver

Analog-display switch ( 14)

(For use with Data Receiver

Normal/an dyze switch ( 14)

Switching on the Data Panel

The Flash Meter lV

the meter's memory, the

Remove battery cover

off the data panel display 4 minutes after taking

reading or pressing a key. The most recent display can

the key is pressed.

Automatic battery check

When battery power

low, the displays on the

battery into chamber A

this occurs, install a new

the battery chamber.

blank even after pressing the On/Recall button.

When replacing the battery, remove the dead

Realign battery cov-

snaps into place.

The meter will not operate unless a fresh battery is

Setting the Film Speed

. Set the function

Spherical Diffuser for incident light

Move the up/down

control downward to decrease

the ISO setting

the control is moved, the

for reflected light

1/3 stop. The setting

Align the white dot

setting the film speed, set the function

on the receptor with the

receptor index and insert

Any speed from ISO 8 to ISO 6400 can be set.

into the socket.

f SO 125 and ISO 125O are displayed as "lSO 12O"

the receptor clockwise to

film-speed setting and the shutter-speed/f-number

Rotate the receptor

The reflected-light attachment supplied with the

Selecting the Measuring Mode:

Flash Light Modes

Ambient and Flash Light Measurements

"CORD" (sync cord)

Ambient Light Mode

tinuous light sources, in-

ng day ight, tu ngsten ights, neon and

and f lash bu lbs.

o After ta king a read ing, you can change the shutter

you manually trigger the

"FNo" Mode: In aper-