ELEMENT 2 - RISK ASSESSMENT & MANAGEMENT

KHURSANIYAH GAS PLANT DEPARTMENT SAFETY MANAGEMENT

SYSTEM
HAZARD AND OPERABILITY (HAZOP) STUDIES
2.2 Attachment B: HAZOP Risk Ranking Matrix

(HAZOP Recommendation Prioritization)

A FIVE POINTS SEVERITY LEVELS
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

LEVEL
Very High

SEVERITY

Multiple employee fatalities

Public fatalities and injuries
Extensive property damage
Major environmental impact
Major adverse public reaction

Employee fatalities
Public injuries
Significant property damage
Significant environmental impact
Adverse public reaction

Employee injuries
Minor public injuries
Moderate property damage
Moderate environmental impact
Moderately adverse public reaction

Minor employee injuries

No public injuries
Minor property damage
Minor environmental impact
No adverse public reaction

HIGH

MEDIUM

LOW

INSIGNIFICANT
Operational upset

No
No
No
No
No

employee injuries
public injuries
property damage
environmental impact
adverse public reaction

B FIVE POINTS HAZARD LIKELHOOD LEVELS

LEVEL

LIKELIHOOD

1.

Very High

Expected to occur more than once in a year

2.

High

Expected to occur no more than once in a year

3.

Medium
once during the facility lifetime

4.

Low

Expected to occur no more than once in the facility lifetime

5.

Very Low

Not expected to occur during the facility lifetime

Expected to occur more than

C HAZOP Risk Ranking Matrix

Likelihood Level
1
1

10

10

10

4
1

2
Severity Level
4
5

Common HAZOP Analysis Terminology

Term
Process Section
(or study node)
Operating Step
Intention
Guide Word
Process
Parameter
Deviations
Cause
Consequences

Safeguards
Recommendation
s (or action)
Hazard

Definition
The location on P&ID at which the process parameters are
investigated for deviation (e.g., vessel)
Distinct actions in a batch process or a procedure analyzed
by a HAZOP team. May be manual, automatic, or software
implemented actions.
Definition of how the plant is expected to operate in the
absence of deviations.
Words or phrases, when considered together with a
parameter, form a hypothetical deviation for the HAZOP
team to consider.
Physical or chemical property associated with the process.
Includes general items reaction, concentration, pH and
specific items such as temperature, pressure, phase, flow.
Changes from the design intention which are discovered by
applying the guide word/parameter combination to the
study process.
These are the reasons why deviations might occur. Once a
deviation has been shown to have a conceivable or realistic
cause, it can be treated as meaningful.
Results of deviation (e.g., release of toxic materials).
Normally, the team assumes active protection system fails
to work. Minor consequences, unrelated to the study
objective, are not considered.
Engineered systems or administrative controls designed to
prevent the causes or mitigate the consequences of
deviations (e.g., process alarms, interlocks, procedures)
Suggestions for design changes, procedural changes, or
areas for further study (e.g., adding redundant pressure
alarm or reversing the sequence of two operating steps)
The sequences which can cause damage, injury or loss

Sample HAZOP Analysis Guide Words and Meanings

Guide Word
Meanings
No
Negation of the Design intent
Less
Quantitative Decrease
More
Quantitative Increase
Part of

Qualitative Decrease

As Well As

Qualitative Increase

Reverse

Logical Opposite of the Intent

Other than

Complete Substitution

Common HAZOP Analysis Process Parameters

Flow

Time
Composition
Temperature
pH
Speed

Frequency Mixing
Pressure
Viscosity
Addition
Voltage
Separation Level
Information
Reaction