Professional Documents
Culture Documents
ANSI@A14.2-2000
Revision of ANSI A14.2 1990
Co-Secretariat
Published by
American Ladder Institute
401 N. Michigan Avenue, Chicago,IL 60611
Foreword
Ed Killoren, Chairman
Ron Pietrzak, Co-Secretariat
Ralph Barnett, Co-Secretariat
presented
Organization
of Representative
Alliance of AmericanInsurers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Keith D. Lessner
The AluminumAssociation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Randy Kissel
Peter Pollack (Alt)
American Institute of Architects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Vacant
George Earhart
American Insurance Association . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Thomas Murray (Alt)
American Ladder Institute. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lois Nissly
Alan Schutzman (Alt 1 )
American Ladder Institute (Alt 2)
American Society ofSafety Engineers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Keith Vidal
David de Vries (Alt 1)
Thomas Bresnahan (Alt 2)
Canadian StandardsAssociation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
David Shanahan
David Stinson, P.E. (Alt)
Disappearing Attic Stairway Association. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Adrian Treadway
E.L. Betz, Jr. (Alt)
Edison Electric Institute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Janet Fox
Wanda Green (Alt)
International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Manuel A. Mederos
International Brotherhood of Painters and Allied Trades.....................................
Rick Hackney
International Union of Bricklayers& Allied Craftsmen. ..................................
Anthony Kassman
Metal Ladder Manufacturers Association. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dick Sulecki
Tom Bayer (Alt)
National Association ofArchitectural Metal Manufacturers.................................
Philip B. Neilson
STD-ANSI A3LI.Z-ENGL
ZOO0
0724350 0 5 5 8 9 b 9 5 5 7
SubcommitteeA14-2 on portable ladders, which revised this standard, consists of the following members:
Erick Knox, Chairman
R. Bennett
E. Cooke
S . Cramer
Chester Gaynes
Robert Hagan
Frank H. Johnson
John E. Johnson
Randy Kissell
Alan Kline
J. Krafchick, P.E.
I. Ojalvo
D. Shanahan
M. Silverman
D. Sulecki
M. VanBree
Keith Vidal,P.E.
E. Wolff-Klammer
*The original effective date was March 4, 1982.
Contents
Section
Page
1 . ScopeandPurpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.2 Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2. General. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.1 Rationale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.2 Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.3 Interpretation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.4 Mandatory and Advisory Provisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.5 Equivalent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.6 EffectiveDate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3. Relatedstandards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4. Definitions and Nomenclature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 . GeneralRequirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.1 Flare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.2 SideRails . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.3 RungandStepSpacing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.4 Rungconnections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.5 Rungs, Steps, and Platforms ............................................................
5.6 Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.7 Burrs, Bolts, Rivets, and Welds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.8 AngleofInclination. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.9 PlasticTopCaps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6. Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.1 Stepladders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.2 Single and Extension Ladders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.3 Trestle (Double Front) and Extension Trestle Ladders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.4 PlatformLadders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.5 Combination Ladders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.6 Step Stools (Ladder Type) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6.7 ArticulatedLadders ...................................................................
7. TestRequirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7.2 Combination Ladder Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7.3 Single, Extension, Combination, and Articulated Ladder Tests...................................
7.4 Articulated Ladder Tests ...............................................................
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
10
10
10
10
10
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
13
14
15
16
16
17
18
18
19
19
39
7.5 Step. Trestle (Double Front). Extension Trestle. Platform. Combination. Articulated
Ladder and Step Stool Tests ..... 40
7.6 LabelingTests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
51
8. Selection.Care. andUse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
51
8.1General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8.2 Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
8.3 Rules for Ladder Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
54
8.4 Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
56
9 . LabelingMarking Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
57
9.1 GeneralRequirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
57
9.2 Product Data Information Markings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
57
9.3 Specific Labeling/Marking Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10. Revision of American National Standards Referred to in this Document ..............................
58
Tables
Table 1
Extension Ladder Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Table 2
MinimumRequired Overlap for Extension Ladders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14
Table 3
Minimum Required Extension Trestle Ladder Overlap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15
Combination Ladder Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16
Table 4
Table 5
Horizontal BendingTest Loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19
Table 6
Maximum Allowable Average Deflections for Horizontal Bending Test ..........................
21
Table 7
Deflection Test Loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22
22
Table 8
Deflections and Angles of Twist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 9
Simulated In-Use Inclined Load Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22
Table10 HardwareTests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Table 11 Step Bending. Rung Bending, Side-Rail Bending. Compression. andShear Strength Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Table 12 RungTorqueTests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Table 13 Maximum Allowable Deflection for Side Sway Test - Midspan Deflection of Lower Side Rail . . . . . . . 33
Table 14 Static Side-Rail Cantilever Bending Test Load ............................................
34
Table 15 Ladder SectionTwistTest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Table16FootSlipTest
.....................................................................
39
39
Table 17 Articulated Ladder Self-supported Scaffold Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 18 Stability Test Loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
42
Table 19 Maximum Allowable Racking Deflection ................................................
44
Table20
Static Cantilever Bending Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Rail Torsion Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
49
Table21
Table 22 Summary of Significant Accident Causes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
52
Table 23 Ladder Size.WorkingLength.andHeight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Figures
Figure 1 Horizontal Bending Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Figure2 DeflectionTest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Figure 3 Deflection Test Data Sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Figure4InclinedLoadTest
.................................................................
Figure 5 Column and Hardware Load Test and Single Lock Load Test .................................
Figure 6 Standard Loading Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Figure7 LockTest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20
23
24
25
25
26
27
Figure 8
Figure 9
Figure 10
Figure 11
Figure 12
Figure 13
Figure 14
Figure 15
Figure 16
Figure 17
Figure 18
Figure 19
Figure 20
Figure 21
Figure 22
Figure 23
Figure 24
Figure 25
Figure 26
28
LockTipLoadTest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29
Cyclic RungLock Test Arrangement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rung Lock Testing Cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30
Rung Bending Test and Rung-to-Side-Rail Shear Strength Test ...............................
30
RungTorqueTests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
32
34
SideSwayTest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Static Side Rail Cantilever BendingTest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Side-Rail Cantilever Dynamic Drop Test
Ladder m i s t Test (Single, Extension. or Articulated Ladders). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
37
38
FootSLipTest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39
Scaffold Bending Strength Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Compression, Step Bending. Side Rail Bending, andStep-to-Side Rail Shear Tests. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40
41
Methods (Other Than Dead Weight)for Applying Test Loads. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Front, Side, and Rear Stability Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
43
45
Torsional Stability and Rail Torsion andSpreader Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
46
RackingTest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rail Static Cantilever Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
DynamicDropTest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Stepladder Slip Test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Appendixes
Appendix A Format of Design and Color for Primary Hazard Danger and Caution LabelslMarkings. . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
60
Appendix B Format of Design and Color for the Safety First and Notice LabelsNarkings ....................
70
Appendix C Marking Classification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Markings
Marking No. O0 .
All Ladders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Marking No . 1 - Step, Platform and Combination Ladders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Marking No. 2 - Step. Trestle and Platform Ladders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Marking No. 3 - Step. Trestleand Combination Ladders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Marking No . 4 - Step Ladders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Marking No . 5 - Extension, Combination, Articulating Ladders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.......................
Marking No. 6 - Extension, Extension Trestle, Combination and Articulating Ladders
Marking No . 7, 8 - Extension, Extension Trestle and Combination Ladders...............................
Marking No . 9 - Extension Ladders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Marking No . 1O - Extension Ladders ............................................................
Marking No . 11, 12 - Step Stools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
...............................
Marking No. 13 - Trestle Ladder (Double Front Ladder), Extension Trestle
Marking No . 14 - Trestle Ladders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Marking No. 15 - Extension Trestle Ladder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Marking No . 16, 17 - Combination Ladders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Marking No . 18 - Platform Ladder ..............................................................
Marking No . 19, 20 - Articulated Ladder .........................................................
Marking No . 21, 22 - Articulated Ladder .........................................................
MarkingNo.23-AllLadders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Marking No . 24 - Step, Trestle, Platform Ladders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
61
62
62
62
63
63
64
64
64
65
65
66
66
67
67
68
68
69
69
70
1.1 Scope
This standard prescribes rules governing the safe construction, design, testing, care and use of portable
metal ladders of various types including, ladder type
step stools, portable extension, step, trestle, sectional,
combination, single, platform, and articulating ladders,
but excluding: ladders in and on mines, the fire services,
mobile equipment, hoisting equipment, work platforms,
antenna communications towers, transmission towers,
utility poles, and chimneys. Itdoes not cover specialpurpose ladders thatdo not meet the general requirements
of this standard, nor does it cover ladder accessories,
including, but not limited to, ladder levelers, ladder
stabilizers or stand-off devices,ladder jacks, or ladder
straps or hooks, that may be installed on or used in
conjunction with ladders.
2. General
1.2 Purpose
The purpose of this standard is to provide reasonable
safety for life, limb, and property.In order to develop an
effective safety program,the standard may serve also as
a basis for purchase requirements and for instructions in
personnel training, andin the preparationof motivational/
instructional material such as safety practices, manuals,
posters, and the like.
purchaser, and userof metal ladders with a set of performance and dimensional requirements against which
this product may be compared. It is not the purpose of
this standard to specify all thedetails of construction of
portable metal ladders. The limitations imposed are for
the purpose of providing adequate general requirements
and testing methods needed for consistency.
2.1 Rationale
A rationale has been developed coveringthe specifications and performance requirements of this standard.'
2.2 Application
This standard is intended for voluntary use by establishments that use, manufacture or evaluate ladders. Itis
also designed to serve as a guide to federal and state
authorities or other regulatory bodies in the formulation
of laws or regulations.
The methods employed to ensure compliance with this
standard shall be determined by the proper regulatory or
administrative authority.
2.3 Interpretation
To secure uniform application of this standard, it is
recommended that suggestions involving changes in
the requirements or disputes over its interpretation
shall be referred to the following organization:
9
COPYRIGHT American National Standards Institute
Licensed by Information Handling Services
2.5 Equivalent
The word equivalentin this standard means a
construction, connection, or material providing
equal performance.
3. Related Standards
This standard is intended for use in conjunction with the
following American National Standards (see Section
10):
10
S T D - A N S I A L Y - Z - E N G L 2000
American National Standard A14.2-2000
construction features of one of the general-purpose ladders defined elsewhere in this section, in order to adapt
the ladder for special or specific climbing uses.
Stepladder. A self-supportingportable ladder, nonadjustable in length, with flat steps and hinged base.
Step stool (ladder type).A self-supporting, foldable,
portable ladder, nonadjustablein length, 32 inches or
less in overall size, with flat steps and without a pail
shelf, designed so that the ladder top cap as well as all
steps can be climbed on. The side rails may continue
above the top cap.
Step surfaces. The clear portion of steps, rungs, or
cleats on which a person may step while ascending or
descending ladder.
Test failure. Damage or visible weakening of the ladder
structure or a component, except where otherwise
defined by the test protocol.
Test load. The applied load used to demonstrate compliance with performance test requirements.
Top cap. The uppermost horizontal memberof a
portable stepladder or step stool.
Top step. The first step below the top cap of a portable
stepladder or step stool. Where a ladder is constructed
without a top cap, the top step is the first step below the
top of the rails.
Trestle ladder (double front ladder). A self-supporting
portable ladder, non-adjustable in length, consisting of
two sections, designed to be able to be climbed on by
two (2) individuals simultaneously, one (1) per side and
hinged at the top to form angles with the base.
Ultimate failure. The collapse of the ladder structure
or, where applicable, a component thereof.
Unwaxed vinyl tile. In this standard, it shall be the
Solarian II vinyl tile from Armstrong.
Visual damage. Damage evident by visual inspection.
Visual inspection. Inspection by the eye without
recourse to any optical device except prescription
eyeglasses.
11
S T D * A N S I A34.2-ENLL
2 0 0 0 E 0724350 0 5 5 8 9 7 b 7 9 7 E
5. General Requirements
Specific design and construction requirements are minimized in this standard because of thewide variety of
metals and design possibilities. However, the design
shall have such characteristics as to produce a ladder of
sufficient strength and stiffness to meet the performance
requirements of this standard and shall produce a ladder
without structural defects or accident hazards such as
sharp edges, burrs, and the like.
5.1 Flare
Because of the varied conditions and the wide variety of
ladder uses, ladders may be designed with parallel side
rails, with side rails varying uniformlyin separation
along the length (tapered), or with side rails flaring at
the base.
5.6 Hardware
Hardware shall meetthe requirements for the ladder's
component parts and shall be of a material that is
protected against corrosion unlessit is inherently
corrosion-resistant.Metals shall be so selected as to
avoid excessive galvanic action.
6. Specifications
6.1 Stepladders
6.1.1 Stepladder Size. Stepladders longer than 20 feet
shall not be supplied. The size shall be measured
along thefront edge of the front side rail, including
top cap and foot, with a tolerance of +U2 inch.
Heavy-duty (Type I) and extra heavy-duty ( v p e IA)
ladders shall be 3 to 20 feet; medium-duty (Type 11)
ladders shall be three to 12 feet; and light-duty (Type
III) ladders shall be 3 to 6 feet in length (see 8.2.1.1).
12
ate section shall not be less than 12 inches. The minimum inside clear width between side rails atthe bottom of the base section shall not be less than the following dimensions:
Ladder S i e
(feet)
Up to and including 28
Over 28, up to and including 40
Over 40, up to and including 72
Minimum Inside
Clear Width (inches)
14
15
18
13
COPYRIGHT American National Standards Institute
Licensed by Information Handling Services
Table 1
Extension-Ladder Size
and
Rating
Three-Section
Two-Section
Duty
Type
(feet)
(feet)
Up to and including 60
Extra heavy duty- Type IA
Up to and including60
Heavy duty- Type I
Medium duty - Type II
Up to and including48
Light duty - Type III
Up to and including 32
Overlap (inches)
TWO
Section
Other
34
46
58
70
69
~~
33
45
57
14
Table 2
Ladder Size
(feet)
Up to and including 32
Over 32, up to and including 36
Over 36, up to and including 48
Over 48, up to and including 72
Up to and including 72
Up to and including 72
Up to and including 60
Table 3
Minimum Required Extension
Trestle ladder Overlap
Section
Base
(fW
6 up to and including 8
Over 8,up to and including 12
Over 12, up to and including 16
Over 16, up to and including 20
(inches)
34
46
58
70
6.3.6 Extension LockingDevice. The extension locking device shallbe designed to withstand all load tests.
6.3.7 Spreaders. A spreader or locking device of
sufficient size and strength to securely hold the front
and back sections inthe open position shallbe a
component of each trestle ladder. The spreader shall
have all sharp points or edges covered or removed
to protect the user. When double sets of spreaders
are used, the lower setshall not be more than 6-1/2
feet above the lowersupport surface. On extension
trestles where the extensionguidance system serves
as the spreaders, its location may be more than6-1/2
feet above the base.
6.3.8 Feet. The bottoms ofthe four rails of the trestle
ladder and the basesection of an extension trestle
ladder shall be madeof or covered with slip-resistant
material. The dimensions of the slip-resistant surface
shall not be less than the dimensions of the projected
area outlined by the cross section of the end of rail.
the
6.3.9 End Cups und End Closures. End caps shall
be provided on the upperend of each side rail of the
extension section of an extension trestle ladder. End
closures or equivalentprotection against sharp edges
and snagging shallbe provided on the bottom of each
side rail of the extension section. End closures on the
bottom of the extension section, when suitably
designed, may serve as ladder shoes where the unit
permits the sections to be taken apart.
15
16
Table 4
Combination ladder Size
Length in Feet
Duty Rating and
Type
Minimum
Maximum
4
4
10
10
10
6
(vpe
If the ladder permits use inthe double front stepladder mode, the spread whenthe ladder is open shall
not be less than 5-1/2 inches for each 12-inch length
of side rail.
6.7.3 Widthand Spread.The minimum insideclear
width at thetop step when set up in a stepladder
mode shallbe 12 inches. If the ladder is provided with
a straight back section, then the front sections
minimum outside width at the bottom support shall exceed
the width atthe top of the rails by 1-1/2 inches per
foot of ladder length when measured tothe outside of
the top side rails.If the ladder is provided with both a
front and back section which spread, then both
sections minimum outside width at the bottom support
shall exceed the width atthe top of the rails by 1-1/4
inches per footof ladder length when measuredto the
outside of the top side rails.The minimum insideclear
width at the base when set up in asingle or extension
ladder mode shallbe 12inches for ladders 10 feet and
under and the minimuminside width shall increase
1/8 inch for each additionalfoot of length.
6.7.4 Steps and Rungs.Either steps or rungs may be
used on the front and rear sections. Step surfaces
shall be parallel and levelwithin +1/8 inch. When
steps are used in the rear section, the step surfaces
shall be parallel within i118 inch with the step surfaces in the front section when the ladder is used in
a single or extension ladder mode.
6.7.5 Step W d h and Rung Diameter. If steps are
used, the minimum width
of a step shall be three
inches. If rungs are used, they may be round, D-shaped
or equivalent, trapezoidal,square, or rectangular.
Round rungs shall have a minimum diameter
of 1-118
inches. Trapezoidal, D-shapedor equivalent, square or
rectangular rungs shall havestep
a surface of not less
than 1 inch, either flator along a segment ofarc of 3
inches or greater radius. Right-angleor near-right
angle comers shall have
their edges roundedto a
radius of not less than 1/16 of
an inch.
6.7.6 Bucket (Pail) Shelves. Where bucket shelves
are provided they shall be in compliance with Section
6.1.6 and 7.5.5 test requirements.
6.7.7 Feet. The bottoms of the four rails shall be
made of, or covered with, slip-resistant material. The
dimensions of the slip-resistant surface shall not be
less than the dimensions of the projected area outlined by the cross section of the end of the rail. The
tread surface may be a radius.
6.7.8 ArticulatedJoints. The joints, and the joint to
side rail connections, shall be so constructed as to
ensure sufficient strength and rigidity to conform to
the requirements of this standard. The joints shall
have set locking positionsto allow set upat the proper
17
7. Test Requirements
7.1 General
7.1.1 The test methods depicted in
this section represent
the preferred methods to be followed in determining
whether a ladder conforms to the requirements of this
standard. Variationsfrom the specific methods depicted
in the various diagrams shall be acceptable provided
such alternate means provide equivalent results and
comply with theintent of the applicable preferred test
method. However, where the supposed equivalent test
methods yield different results, the preferred test
methods shalldetermine whether or not the ladder is
in conformance with the standard.
7.1.2 The test requirements were developed using
statistical tolerances. Hence, where a single test result
indicates noncompliance, the test may berepeated
utilizing a statisticallyjustifiable number of test
samples to ultimately determine compliance or
noncompliance with the standard.
7.1.3 Many of thetests required by the standard are
inherently dangerous. The American National
Standards Institute, the A14 Committee, the A14
Subcommittees,and the A14 Task Forces neither
assume nor accept any responsibilityfor any injury
or damage that may occur during or as the result of
tests, wherever performed, whether performed in
whole or in part by the manufacturer, anoutside laboratory or consultant, the user or owner ofthe product,
or any other individual or organization, and whether
or not any equipment, facility, or personnelfor or in
connection with the test is furnished by the manufac-
18
Table 5
Horizontal Bending Test Loads*
Deflection
Duty Rating
and
Type
Extra heavy duty -Type IA
Heavy duty - Type I
Medium duty - Type II
Light duty - Type III
Workiig Load
300
Preload
Test Load
225
300
250
188
225
200
169
150
250
225
200
Ultimate
Test Load
375
310
280
250
19
Figure 1
Horizontal BendingTest
REWIRED
MINIMUM
OVERLAP
c-
CLIMBING SIDE
-c
O
o oo oo ou g p o
ic g ; o
01l h ! !o
O
O g tt o
.6 in
rI
---- ---
< I
r-,~J--j)pSN
(U
O
P
T
P
E
O
$
SUPPORT BAR
(NOTE 3)
TEST
(NOTES
LOAD
2 AND
3 41
(NOTES 2 AND 4)
(RUNG
CLOSEST
TO
CENTER OF LADDER)
(NOTE 2 )
NOTES:
BAR
C
K
I,
I I:3
in
Section A-A
the ladder
load.
under
(b)
(2)The ultimate test load shall be applied at three different locations: (a) to the center of the highestbase
rung below the overlap (test lmd 1); (b) to the center of the fly rung in the center of the overlap or, if necessary, 6 inches higher thanthe center of the ladder span (test load 2); and (c) to the center of the lowestfly
rung above the overlap (test load 3). The deflection test load, which is applied before the ultimate test load,
shall be applied only to the center of the rung nearest thecenter of the test span (test load2).
(3) The support bars shall have a nominal radius of 1 inch.
(4) This test is illustrated for a ladder design in which the fly section is behind the base section, shown here
with the base section on the left. For the alternative design in which the base section is behind the fly section,
the base should be on the right, and test load positions 1 and 3 would be reversed
( 5 ) Auxiliary means that do not increase the strength of the ladder may be used to ensure that the ladder
locks remain engaged during the test to prevent translationof the fly section relative to the base section
during the test.
(1) y = deflection
of
a = arcsine
20
= arc sine
[y)
The ladder shallpass this test without exceeding the valof akjlection and angleof twist shown in Table8.
WS
Table 6
Maximum Allowable Average Deflectionsfor
Horizontal Bending Test
Maximum Working Length
(Size less Minimum Overlap)*
Ladder size
(feet)
12
14
16
20
24
28
32
32
36
36
Two-Section
(feet)
9
11
Three-Section
(feet)
13
17
21
40
40
44
44
Maximum Average
Deflection
(inches)
3.6
5.2
6.8
10.0
13.2
16.4
17.4
19.6
20.6
22.8
22.6
26.0
26.0
29.2
29.2
32.4
31.2
35.6
34.4
38.8
38.6
42.0
41.2
44.5
41.9
48
48
52
52
56
56
60
60
64
68
12
60
for two-section
21
S T D - A N S I A 1 4 - 2 - E N G L 2000 m 0724150 0 5 5 8 7 8 b b 3 b W
American National Standard A14.2-2000
Table 7
Table 9
rating Duty
and Type
Extra heavy duty - Type IA
Heavy duty - Type I
duty
Medium
- Type II
duty Light
- Type III
Working Load
(poundsj
.~
70
60
55
50
'150
22.5
Test Load
(pounds)
IWO
loo0
900
200
800
3O(f
Table 8
Deflections and Angles of Twist
~~
Single*
and
Extension
Ladders
Maximum
Working
Maximum
Length
Deflection
(Size less Minimum
Overlap)
(feet)
Size of
Ladder
(feet)
14
15
16
17
18
20
22
24
28
32
36
40
44
48
52
56
60
Two-Section*
Three-Section
11
12
13
14
15
17
19
21
25
29
32
35
39
43
46
50
54
Combination
Ladders
Y
of Loaded Railt
Maximum
(inches)
Working
Combination
Length
Extension
Combination
Extension
Combination
Extension
(feet)
Ladkr Ladder
Ladder
1 .o0
7
1 .o0
3.00 2.15 1.25
1 .so
3.20 2.50 1.75
3.30 2.80 2.00
2.50
3.70 3.40 3.00
3.50
4.50
5.50
6.50
7.50
8.50
9.50
10.50
11.50
12.50
13.50
14.50
15.50
1.20
1.40
1.60
1.80
2.35
3.10
Twist Angle a $
Ladder
2.90
3.10
3.50
3.90
4.30
4.70
5.10
5.50
5.90
6.30
6.70
7.10
7.50
Sine a
(degrees)
7.90
2.1
2.3
2.5
2.6
2.8
3.1
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
4.0
Ladder
Ladder
0.03664
0.04013
0.04362
0.04536
0.05059
0.04885
0.05234
0.05408
0.05408
0.05756
0.05931
0.06105
0.06279
0.06976
0.05582
0.05756
0.06105
0.06453
0.06802
0.07498
0.08194
0.08889
0.09585
O.10279
O.10973
0.1 1667
0.12360
O.13053
O. 13744
o.14436
8.30
68
72
60
8.70
0.15126
* For single ladder use column for maximum waking length for two-section extcnsian ladder.
t Y = 0.W: - 2.5. whem Y = maximum deflation of loaded rail (inches) and X = maximum working b
g
t
b or sizc of laddcr (feet).
a = O.1W + 1.50,wherc a = twist angle
d X = maximum working length or size of laddcr(feet).
64
(m)
22
"
S T D - A N S I A 1 4 - 2 - E N G L 2000
O724150 0558787 5 7 2
Figure 2
DeflectionTest
SPAN
c1
TEST
G_
6 i n 4
REOUIRED
MINIMUM
OVERLAP
I(
SUPPORT BAR
(NOTE 2)
SUPPORTBAR
(NOTE 2 )
TEST LOAD
(NOTE I l
Test Setup
(a)
tSI
.OAD
(NOTE 6 )
(NOTE 4 )
(b)
NOTES:
(1) The test load shallbe applied to the rung closest to the midpoint
of the test span over a 3-1/2-inch bearingon the rung.
(2) The support bars shall have a nominal radiusof 1 inch.
(3) A = vertical heightof loaded rail.
(4) B = vertical height of unloaded rail.
( 5 ) W = width of widest ladder section.
(6) a = angle of twist.
(7)Auxiliary means that do not increase the strength of the ladder may beused to ensure that the ladderlocks remain engaged
during the test to prevent translation of the fly section relative to the base section during the test.
23
Figure 3
Deflection TestData Sheet
DATA SHEET
Company:
Date of test:
Recorded by:
Type of ladder:Single
___ Extension - Combination Code name:
Ladder size:
Length of test span:
Width of widest section, W :
Ratedload of ladder: 200 lbs - 225 lbs
250 lbs - 300 lbs _ _
Vertical
Readings
Deflection
a t No Load
(inches)
Deflection a t
-lb Load
(inches)
Actual Deflection
due to Load
(Column 2 Column 1)
(inches)
Difference in
Actual Deflection,A-B
(inches)
Right-hand
loaded
B
Left-hand
loaded
A
B
Right rail
loaded
Angle of twist a = arc sine
Left rail
loaded
-=
A-B
W
Remarks:
NOTE: This is a suggested format for a data sheet used to record test results from thedeflection test.
24
Figure 4
Figure 5
NOTES:
(1) This illustration shows the testsetup before the load is
applied.
(2) The test platformfollows the test load as the ladder
deflects into the wall.
(3) The angle of inclination shallbe 75-1/2", except that
for combination ladders in the extension-ladder orientationa
slightly modified angle shall be used so that the tread portions of the steps are horizontal (level).
NOTES:
(1) The fly section maybe located either to the frontor to
the rear of the base section.
(2) The angle of inclination shallbe 75-1D0, except that
for combination ladders in the extension-ladder orientationa
slightly modifiedangle shall be used so that the treadportions of the steps are horizontal (level).
(3) Both locks shall be engaged for the column and
hardware load test(7.2.4.1); for the single lock load test
(7.2.4.2), one lock shall be engaged and theother lock
removed.
25
~~
~~
S T D - A N S AI L ' 4 . 2 - E N L L
Table 10
Hardware Tests
~~
1200
loo0
900
800
loo0
loo0
900
800
Figure 6
Standard Loading Block
SOLID STEEL PLATE
f - in THICK
OR EOUIVALENT MATERIAL
26
COPYRIGHT American National Standards Institute
Licensed by Information Handling Services
Figure 7
Lock Test
\
o
\0 1I
\
O
o ]
27
S T D * A NASLI ' 4 - 2 - E N G L
072'4150 0 5 5 8 7 7 2 7 3 T
ZOO0
Figure 8
Lock Tip load Test
INCLINATION
Compression Lock
(4
Tension Lock
(b)
NOTES:
(1) The angle of inclination shallbe 75-1/2", except that for combination ladder in the
extension-ladder
a
d portions of the steps are horizontal (level).
orientation a slightly modified angle shallbe used so that the &
(2) A block or equivalent means shallbe used to prevent the bottom of the ladderfrom slipping.
S T D - A N S I A L q m Z - E N G L 2000 W 0724350 0 5 5 8 9 9 38 7 b
American National Standard A14.2-2000
Figure 9
Cyclic Rung Lock lest Arrangement
BASE SECTION
(4) CAY
AIR SUPPLY
Air-Valve Position*
Operating Cycle
Full upstroke
Fulldo&e
One-half downshnire to latch
Dovmstmke to lock
No. 1
O
C
O
C
No. 2
C
O
C
O
No. 3
No. 4
C
O
O
O
O
C
C
29
STD*ANSI A L V - Z - E N G L 2000
Figure 10
Rung Lock Testing Cycle
UNLOCK
(POSITION 41
WEAR
SURFACE
ENGAGE
(POSITION 2 )
"
""""-
"
(POSITION I )
WEAR
SURFACE
SURFACE
WEAR
SURFACE
DOWN STROKE TO
POSITION I
(CYCLE COMPLETEI
Figure 11
Rung Bending Test and Rung-to-Side-Rail Shear Strength Test
STRAIGHT EDGE
4
RUNG
i-LENGTH
(L)
Test Setup
(a)
PERMANENT
DEFORMATION
RAIL
\SIDE
WEB
@J)
NOTES:
(1) The test load for the rung bending test (7.3.5)is indicated by a solid mow; the test load for the rung-to-side-railshear
strength test (7.3.6) is indicated by the dashed arrow.
(2) The angleof inclination shallbe 75-1/2', except that for combination laddersin the extension-ladder orientationa slightly
modified angle shall be used so that the tread portions of the steps are horizontal (level).
30
COPYRIGHT American National Standards Institute
Licensed by Information Handling Services
Table 11
Step Bending, Rung Bending, Side-Rail Bending,
Compression, and Shear Strength Tests
Maximum Allowable
Permanent
Deformation (Set)
Test Load*
(pounds)
1200
lo00
900
800
Rung and
Step Bending
LlKt
Tests
lo00
LI 25
900
850
800
L I 50
L I 75
L / loo
*This test lead isfor use in the step bending, rung bending, compression, side-rail bending, and shear
strength tests.
?Values listed are for rung bending test only.
L is the rung lengthin inches. The factorK varies with
dutyratingand type; K = 25 for extra-heavyduty ladders, 50 for heavyduty ladders, 75 for
mediumduty ladders, and100 for light-dutyladders.
The test unit shall consist of one rung and one side
rail and shall be trimmed so that the rung extends
5 to 6 inches from the rung joint (see Fig. 12a).
The rail itself shallextend 2 to 2-3/4 inches from
each side of the joint. The surface that is visible in
the area around the rung joint, consisting of the
STD-ANSI A L q - Z - E N G L 2000
Table 12
Rung Torque Tests
Maximum Test Load
D e s i g n Verification
Torque Test*
(inch-pounds)
600
600
600
600
In-Service
Torque Test*
(inch-pounds)
900
900
900
900
Ut
I I
HOLD
DOWN
PLATE
TEST
LOAD
(NDTE 3)
ln-Service Test (7.3.7.21
(b)
(4
LRUNG
MANDREL
(NOTE 2)
NOTES:
(1) An equivalent method may be used to apply toque.
(2) The testing of a hollow rung is illustrated.The rung mandrel is put insidethe hollow rungbemg tested to keep it from
collapsing.
(3) The load may be applied by means of a dead weightor a force gage. The moment ann shown may be replaced by a pipe
wrench or the equivalent.
(4) Shim the test unit as requr
ied,so that the run neutral axis is approximatelycoincident with the pillow block centerline.
32
COPYRIGHT American National Standards Institute
Licensed by Information Handling Services
Table 13
Maximum Deflection Y*
(inches)
Test Section
Length X*
(feet)
4
5
0.92
6
7
8
9
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
Straight
and
Extension
0.84
0.88
0.92
0.96
1 .o0
1 .o4
1 .O8
Combination
Ladders
0.84
0.88
1.16
1.24
1.32
1.40
1.48
24
1.56
1.64
26
28
30
1.72
1.80
1.88
0.96
I .o0
1 .o4
1 .O8
33
COPYRIGHT American National Standards Institute
Licensed by Information Handling Services
~~~
~~
Figure 13
Side S w a y Test
r- - - _.--"_
L
DEFLECTION
(AVERAGE)
( NOTE 1
"
"","---
- - - - - - - - - ""L
&SUPPORT
I
I
"""_"
"
"
"
HOLDER
SUPPORT
WEIGHTS
TEST
LW0
NOTE: The deflection is the difference between the height of the lower edge of the ladderside when unloaded (solid line) and
when loaded (doaed line).
Table 14
Static Side-Rail Cantilever Bending Test Load
Type
Working Load
(pounds)
Test Loads
(pounds)
Test Loads
(pounds)
300
250
225
200
500
400
loo0
34
COPYRIGHT American National Standards Institute
Licensed by Information Handling Services
Articulated Ladder
with Stabilizer Bar*
800
600
200
400
Figure 14
Static SideRail Cantilever BendingTest
I/
Cantilever-out Tesr
&/
m
ROPE
T E S LOAD
pEIGHTS]
Nok:The block shall be a minimumof 114" and a maximum of 1-inch thick, and shall be 2-inches long measured
along the siderail, and a minimum width equalto the full width of the side rail including side rail flanges.
35
COPYRIGHT American National Standards Institute
Licensed by Information Handling Services
Figure 15
Side-Rail Cantilever Dynamic DropTest
Il T
SIDERAIL CANTILEVER DROP TEST
ARTICULATED LADDER
Il
//////////////////
NOTES:This test evaluates the result
of inward-cantilever dynamicloading of the ladder.
36
COPYRIGHT American National Standards Institute
Licensed by Information Handling Services
Figure 16
Ladder Twist Test (Single, Extension, or Articulated Ladders)
P IVOT
MOUNTING
ING
ET
(CLAMPEO)
FOR APPLYING
TORQUE WRENCH
(NOTE 21
TEST
LOA D
[NOTE 2)
NOTES
(1) The test span is 7 feet, but any ladder base section, or single ladder, that is at least 8 feet in
length may be tested
(2) Thetorque may be applied alternately using atorque wrench, or a test load maybe applied
alternately on each end of the arm.
Table 15
ladder Section Twist Test
Working Load
Type
Exm heavy duty - Type IA
- Type I
duty Heavy
Medium duty - Type II
duty Light
- Type III
and
Rating
Duty
(pounds)
300
250
22
225
200
Maximum Allowable
Angle of Twist B*
(degrees)
14
18
20
37
COPYRIGHT American National Standards Institute
Licensed by Information Handling Services
Figure 17
Foot Slip Test
NOTES:
(1) The grain of the plywood shall
be parallel to the direction
of loading; the grain on
the vertical sheet under the
upper end of thefly section shallrun in a vertical direction,
and the grainon the horizontal sheet under the base section shall
be parallel to the direction of the testload.
(2) The dead load shallbe applied on the third highestrung.
(3) The angleof inclination shallbe 75-1/2", except that for combination ladders in the
extension-ladder orientationa slightly modified angle shallbe used so that the tread portions of the steps are horizontal (level).
38
COPYRIGHT American National Standards Institute
Licensed by Information Handling Services
Duty
Rating
and
Table 16
Table 17
Foot Sliplest
Type
Extra heavy
duty
- Type IA
Heavy duty - Type I
Medium duty - Type II
duty
Light
- Type III
Horizontal
Force
TestLoad*Pulling
(pounds)
(pounds)
50
50
50
50
300
250
225
200
Working Load
Duty Rating and(pounds)
Type
(pounds)
Extra heavy duty - Type IA
300
Heavy duty- Type I
250
225
Medium duty - Type II
Light duty- Type III
200
Test Load
1200
lo00
lo00
lo00
Figure 18
Scaffold Bending Strengthlest
Articulated ladders shall comply with the testrequirements for stepladders when in the stepladder mode, for
trestle ladders when in the trestle ladder mode, for
straight ladders when inthe straight ladder mode, and
with the test requirements 7.4.1 when in the scaffold or
worktable position. In addition, it should comply with
the additional joint tests 7.4.2 through 7.4.4. If the ladder design includes extendible sections all tests shall be
conducted with those section fully extended. The test
shall be conducted with the ladder on a test surface of
A-C plywood, which shall be pre-sanded using 320 fine
weddry sandpaper. The A side of the plywood shall be
placed in contact with the feet of the ladder.
7.4.1 Scaffold Bending Strength Test. When set up
as a scaffold, the ladder shall be capable of withstanding, without test failure, a load of 1,000 pounds
or four times the duty rating, whichever is greater*
(see Table 17). The load is to be applied to the center
39
7.5
Trestle
Step,
(DoubleExtension
Front),
7.4.4Single Joint
Lock Test. The test unit shall be a
full-size ladder set in the single or extension ladder
mode, at a 75-1/2" working angle, with one hinge at
midspan unlocked.
Figure 19
Cornpression, Step Bending, SideRail Bending, and Stepto-Side-Rail ShearTests
TOP CAP LOADING FOR
COMPRESSION TEST
NOTES:
( I ) This test setup is illustrated for a stepladder.
(2) Typical locations for the test loads are shown; see 7.3.2 and 7.3.4 as to the placement
of the loads.
40
S T D - A N S I A L q - Z - E N G L 2000
072qL50 0559005 2 7 b
Figure 20
Methods (Other Than Dead Weight)for Applying Test Loads
(NOTE 31
FORCE DYNAMOMETER
TEST BLOCK
/ / \\
TEST MEMBER
(NOTE 2)
Top-Loading Method
Bottom-LoadingMethod
(4
(b)
NOTES:
(I) Hydraulic. pneumatic, or mechanical means m a y be used to apply the load.
(2) The top l d m g method is illustrated for the armpressioa test,where it is
applied to the top of the lad&r, but it can also be used for the other tests.
(3) The bot%xnloading method is illusbated for the m g bending test,but itcan
alsobeusedforrheothfxtests.
41
~~
Table 18
Stability Test Loads*
Distributed
Platform
and
Pulling
Pulling
laad t
200
200
200
200
Other
Ladders
Front
Side
Force
Force
Ladders
25
20
35
25
25
20
20
35
35
42
Step
Stools
45
45
45
45
Torsional
Stability
Pulling
Force
30
30
25
20
STD-ANSI ALq.2-ENGL
Figure 21
Front, Side, and Rear Stability lests
200-lb UNIFORMLY,
/r//
NOTES:
\\ i
W
-
( 1 ) The pullingforce shall be applied at a maximum distance of IR inch above the top of ' the
stepladder.
(2)This test is illusrrated for a stepladder.
43
Relative movementin excess of one inch of the ladder with respect to the floor, any damage or visible
weakening ofthe ladder structure or component, or
any significant visible major damage from permanent
deformation (set) of the test unit upon release of the
test force shall constitute failure to meet this requirement. Minor permanent deformation (set) of individual ladder components, such as diagonal braces or
rear horizontal braces, of less than 1/8 inch, shall not
constitute test failure.
Ladders equipped with a bucket shelfshall be tested
with the bucket shelfin the in-use position. This test
is not applicable to step stools, platform ladders less
than three feet in size, and other step-type ladders
less than five feet in size.
7.5.10 Racking Test
Note: This is a design verification test.
7.95
13.30
13.30
9.30
7.5.10.1The test unit shall be placed on a level 14.65
floor, in the fully opened
with the spread16.00position,16.00
12.00
ers properly set. Bothfront feet17.35
shall be individu13.35
ally blocked to prevent movement
relative to the
floor, as shown in Fig. 23a. A 100-pound
distrib21.40
17.40
20.10
uted dead load shall be applied to24.10
the bottom step
or rung, no part of theload shall contact either of
25.50
the two frontrails during the test.
A vertical pulling force shall be applied to the rear
30.90
of the ladder top cap, top guardrail or top step
when no top cap is used, so as to lift both rear feet
and provide a three-inch clearance between the
44
Table 19
Maximum Allowable Racking Deflection*
Deflectiont
Ladder
Size
(feet)
3
4
14.65
5
6
7
18.70
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
Type-II
Type-III
(Y=
(Y =
1.35X+ 7.9) 1.35X+ 7.9)
1 1.95
1 1.95
10.65
-
14.70
22.80
28.20
Figure 22
Torsional Stability and Rail Torsion and Spreader Tests
LEVEL TO BASE
NOTES:
(1)The!testbarisclampedtothetopcap.
(2) The clamp is used only for the Rail Torsion and Spreadertests in 7.5.12.
(3) The test surface shall be dry, unwaxed vinyl tile.
(4) This test is illustrated for a stepladder.
45
~~~
Figure 23
Racking Test
MINIMUM FORCEAPPLIED
TO LIFT REAR FEET
(NOTE 41
(4
100-lb
DISTRIBUTED
LOAD
BLOCK
(NOTE 2)
BLOCK J'
(NOTE 2)
Test Setup
(b)
NOTES:
(1) The lateral force shall
be applied using a force gage or the equivalent. The forcebeshall
applied parallel
the section shallbe measuredparallel to the
to thebottom of the front section. The lateral displacement of rear
direction the lateral force is applied.
(2) Blocks futed to the test surface
are used to resist rail rotation.
(3) This test is illustrated for a stepladder.
(4) The vertical lifting force
shall be applied by a memberbearing against therear centerof the ladder top
cap, and shall be attached to a S-16-inch
minimum diameter rope at least3 feet long with therope secured
against motion inany direction at least3 feet above the ladder top.
46
Figure 24
Rail Static Cantilever Test
LATERAL RESTRAINTS
BLOCK
RESTRAINTS
LATERAL
(NOTE)
+CCIAMP'
)y/J
LEVEL
-- -
HOLDER
"Ukf"-
"
P=
CANTILEVER-IN TEST
(a)
LATERAL RESTRAINTS
LEVEL
F-
'cc1AMP"
HOLDER
TEST L W
(WEIGHTS)
LATERAL RESTRAINTS
."
SAME AS A B W
EXCEPT FOR CLAMP
LOCATION"
CANTILEVER-OUT TEST
(W
Note: The block shall be a minimum of 1/4" and a maximum of 1-inch thick, and shall be 2-inches long
measured along the side rail, and a minimum width equal to the full width of the side rail including side
rail flanges.
47
COPYRIGHT American National Standards Institute
Licensed by Information Handling Services
~~
Table 20
Static Cantilever BendingTest
Working Load
Front Rail
Cantilever
Test Load
(pounds)
Rear Rail
Cantilever
Test Load
(pounds)
300
250
225
200
300
200
250
200
150
175
150
125
Figure 25
D y n a m i c Drop Test
SUPPORT
NOTE:This test is for cantilever in only. It is performed with the ladder closed.
Table 21
Rail Torsion Test
Rail Torsion
Working Load Test Force
(pounds)
(pounds)
300
I25
250
225
200
100
75
M
49
COPYRIGHT American National Standards Institute
Licensed by Information Handling Services
Figure 26
Stepladder SlipTest
NOTE: The 200-pound distributed load shall be placed on the second highest step.
7.5.14.1 Plastic tops from the initial lot of moldings, which were employedfor performance tests,
shall be employed to performthe following tests,
and the results shallbe recorded and retained for
future reference.
7.5.14.2 Ten (10) top caps shallbe weighed and
both the mean and standard deviation determined.
of the
7.5.14.3Thespecificgravityordensity
minimumandmaximumsectionthicknessofplas-the
be determined. The samplesizewhen
tictopcapsshall
shallbeten (10) andthemeanandstandarddevia-weathering
shall be computed.
curve
area.
tion for each set of samples
50
51
Table 22
Summary of Significant Accident
Causes
Accident
ven
BaseCause
of
Support
Top Support
Set-up
Location
User
Ladder Selection
and Condition
or surface
Stability Selfsupporting
surface Unstable
(stepladder)
Soft
Not
applicable
Slipper surface
Differences in
firmness of
surface
Slope of surface
Unlocked
Above highest
standing level
spreaders
One or more feet label
Reaching out too
unsupported
Used unstable
far, parriculatly
or insuffficient
laterally
Climbing onto ladder
supports
Ladder not close from above
enough to work Handling heavy loads
location
or unstable objects
Users physical Applying side load
condition
Sliding
location
Non-selfHuman
supporting
(extension
and
single)
applicable
Not applicable
Not
Pitch
(angle)
Descending
too
surface
scaffold)
off
Getting
or on
Lateral
Uneven
surface
Uneven
tied
Not
sliding
Differences
in
surface
held
Not
at
roof
ladder
base
to
or
(left
firmness of
slippery
Inadequate
or
Reaching
too
out
right) at
Surf= laterally
far excessive
exsurface
top supUnstable
surface
Unstable
tension
above
Applying
side
Port
support
(pole, tclose
ree, notLadder
enough
comer of
example,
to work
building,
IOCation
and the like)Pitch(angle)too
snow,
Ice,
st=P
M wet
Feet unsupported
SurfXX
M unstable
Insufficient
Extension l o c k s
not engaged
top support
off
II.
Incorrect style
ladder (forexample, p l a d m
or single versus
stepladder)
Use of improper
equipment (for
example, ladder
versus scaffold)
use of improper
equipment (for
example, ladder
versus scaffold)
Removal or det e r i d o n of
slip-resistant
ladder feet
TOO~OrtOO
long (size)
Not extended
far
enough (too
load
Outward
Unstable
surface OverextenUsed
unstable
Above
orhighest
Wrong
sliding atinsufficient
above
friction
sion
standing
slip-resistant
level
Low
tup
support
suppom
label
lower base Loosesurface
support
snow,
Ice,
or wet
Pitch
(angle)
Sliding
tendency
too surface
flat
too extended
above
increases
Slippery
surface
footed
Ladder
ladder
working
not
Ladder
not
tied
length
midpoint
equipment
(for
Careless
climbing
example,
ladder
off or blocked
Worn. missing
onto
or
or off of
ladder ( h m or to
s l i p m feet
Improperselec-roof,and
the like)
tionoffeet or
Applyingsideload
slip-resistant
bearing s u r f a s
Extension locks
not engaged
m)
surfaces
Use of improper
equipment (for
example, ladder
versus
or
52
Incomaladder
type (IA,I,
Dirty,oily. or icy
flat rungs)
Shoes
S W )
Useof imprope!r
equipment (for
1adde.r
versus scaffold)
floor or
bearingsurface
use of improper
versus
scaffold)
8.2 Selection
8.2.2 Ladder Selection. Portable ladders are designed
for one-man use to meet the requirements of the man,
the task, and the environment. This section covers the
factors involved in makingthe proper ladder selection. Product information data necessary for proper
ladder selection is found on the ladder rail.
Duty Rating
Special Duty
Extra Heavy-Duty
Ladder Qpe
(Pounds)
375
300
IAA
IA
I
250
Heavy-Duty
II
225
Medium-Duty
m
200
Light-Duty
This standard covers ladder types IA-III. Ladder type
IAA is covered in A14.10-2000.
Table 23
ladder Size, Working length, and Height*
Extension
M-XimWll
Working Length
Height to Top
Support on Wall
24
28
32
36
13
17
21
25
29
32
TO 12-IR
12-1/2-16-1D
16-1/2-20
40
35
Ladder
16
size
20-24
24-28
28-3 1
32-34
Height to Roof f i v e
with 1- to 3-Foot
Extension
9-ID-1 1-10
13-1/2-15-1/2
17-19
21-23
25-27
28-30
3 1-33
Stepladder
Size (feet)
Recommended Highest
Standing Level
1 foot, 11 inches
2 feet, 10 inches-2 feet, 11 inches
3 feet, 10 inches
4 feet, 9 inchewlfeet, 10 inches
5 feet, 9 inches - 5 feet, 10 inches
7 feet, 8 inches-7
feet,
9 inches
5
6
7
8
10
54
to be particularly careful when manipulating any ladder around an overhead electrical power line.
8.3.9 Improper Use. A ladder shall notbe used as a
brace, skid, lever, guy or gin pole, gangway, platform,
scaffold plank, material hoist,or for any other use for
which it was not intended, unless the manufacturer
specifically recommends such use. Ladders shall not
be erected on scaffolds to gain additional height,
unless specifically designedfor the application.
8.3.10 Getting on or off ludder at upper levels.
Ladder should extend approximately three feet above
the upper access level.The ladder shall be tied to the
upper access level before climbingonto or off the
ladder at the upper level. The
user shall take care
when getting on or off the ladder atthe upper level in
order to avoid tipping the ladder over sideways or
causing the ladder base to slide.
8.3.11 Fastening Together. Ladders and ladder
sections, unless so designed, shall notbe tied or
fastened together to provide a longer length. Ladders
and ladder sections shall not havetheir length
increased by other means unless specifically designed
for the means employed.
8.3.12 Doorways. Ladders shall not be placed in front
of doors opening towardthe ladder unless the dooris
blocked open,locked, or guarded.
8.3.13 Setup and Adjustment of Ladders.
8.3.13.1 Extension Ladders. Adjustment of extension ladders shall only be made
by the user when
standing at the baseof the ladder so the user may
observe when the locks are properly engaged. The
user shall checkthat the rope is tracking correctly
in the pulley. Adjustments of extension ladders
from the top of the ladder (or any level over the
locking device) is a dangerous practice and shall
not be attempted. Adjustmentsshall not be made
while anyone is standing on the ladder. The user
shall ensure that both upper and lower ladder support points are contactingfirm support surfaces.
55
STD.ANSI A W Z - E N G L
2000
0 7 2 ~ 1 5 00559020 Y T Z
8.4 Care
8.4.1 Inspection. A thorough ladder inspection shall
be made when the ladder is originally purchased,
received, and put into service. The ladder shall be
inspected periodically, preferably before each use.
Working parts and rungstep-to-side rail connections
shall be checked. Where structural damage or other
hazardous defect is found, the ladder shall be taken
out of service and either discarded or repaired by a
competent mechanic.
8.4.I . I l'pping Ovel; and Other Impact Damage.
The ladder shall be inspected for side rail dents or
bends, or excessively dented rungs. All rung/step-
56
9. Labeling/Marking Requirements
9.1 General Requirements
9.I . I Primary hazard DANGER and CAUTION
markings shall conform to the general design principles (and wherelabels are used) to the design and
color principles of these requirements as provided in
Appendixes A and B for the kinds of ladders in
this standard. AppendixB refers to THE SAFETY
INSTRUCTIONS AND PRODUCT DATA INFORMATION labeldmarkings.
9.1.2 Marking shall be legible and readily visible.
9.1.3 The preferred location for markings, unless
otherwise specified, is 4-112 to six feet from the
bottom of the ladder on the outside of the rails.
9.1.4 Marking No. O0 shall be placed on all portable
ladders.
9.1.5 Markings shall be positioned so that other parts
of the ladder shall not damagethe labeymarking
when the ladder is open, closed or extended.
requirements in Section 9. l .
9.3.3 Step Stool.
9.3.3.1 Markings No. 1 1 and No. 12 shall conform
to the general requirements in Section 9.l.
58
Appendixes
Appendix A
I
I
L BlackBackground
4
Color
Same
tI
Notes asDanger
Other
Yellow Letters on
Black Background
59
0724150 0559024
04B W
Appendix B
Note: The following are illustrations of typical safety
instruction and product data labels/markings. Minimum
recommended text size for safety instruction and product
data labels shown is seven point (capital letters are
approximately .06").
on White Background
Ladder Size
L
Marking No. 23
Preferred Notice Presentation
FAILURETOREADANDFOLLOWALL
INSTRUCTIONS ON THIS LADDER MAY
RESULT IN INJURIES OR DEATH.
I
A
l n
Failure to
read and
follow all
instructions
on this ladder,
including
those under
the steps,
may result
in injuries
or death.
FAILURE TO READ
61
DO NOT
STAND OR SIT
Marking No. 2
W NM
STAND
ABOVE
THS
I
STEP
DO Not Stand On Or
Above This Rung YOU CAN
LOSE YOUR BALANCE
Marking No. 3
62
A14.2-2000
PROPER SELECTION
S
e
e
lc
$
td
d
e
r
o
p
fW
e
r
k
n
@
h
k
m
l m
n
g
height
wkingktadmthetmticesignon~isladder.
3. Select W e r s wimin the folbwing:
lWE
LAA
IA
I
Il
111
M Y RATING
SPECIAL DLlTY
SET UP L A D D m O P E R L Y
TO REDUCE SLIP AND
OVERLOAD HAZARDS.
FOLLOW THESE
INSTRUCTIONS
WMlKlNGUUD
375 lbs.
INDUSTRIAL-MTRA
HEAW
INWSTRIAL-HEAW
COMMERCIAL-MEDUM
HOUSEHOLD-LIGHT
300 lbs.
250 lbs.
225 Its.
200 Its.
INSPECTION
l . lnspect upon receipt and befwe each use; never
dimb a damaged. bentM k k e n Wer.All pam
must be in gmd d
n
gadK.
2. Make sure all
pints, n
us,and tob are @m;
rk&.
grease.
missing park.
5. DestroyladderIbmken,maifergasedto
tire M chemical coman.
PROPER SET-UP
1. DANGER1 MElAL WNOUCTS ELECTRICITY!Do not
Y ladders of any maml mm in contact wim live
elecbical wires.
2. hWesuteladderkfullyapen,spraadersare
secure, pail shelf in pmillm.
3. Wlceontirmlevelsurfkewlthasecurefwhng.Do
mtusemsliparywrfaces.Oonotplacemboxes.
unstable bases M scaffolds lo Bain additional
height. Do not plau, in frmt of dm opanhg
tavird ladder.
m%n.
of !add%.
9. Do mt overload. Ladders are meant for one person.
Do not use as brace, platlmn M plank.
lo.Keep~c~bo~,avoidpushingDIpuBing
offbomesldeoflaMers.
Marking No. 4
Marking No. 5
63
COPYRIGHT American National Standards Institute
Licensed by Information Handling Services
Do Not Stand On Or
Above This Rung
YOU CAN LOSE
YOUR BALANCE
WATCH FOR
THIS LADDER
CONDUCTS
ELECTRICITY
1
II
Marking No. 7
Marking No. 6
Do Not Stand On Or
Above This Rung YOU CAN
LOSE YOUR BALANCE
Marking No. 8
Marking No. 9
64
S T D - A N S I A 1 4 - 2 - E N G L 2000
0729150 0557027
American National Standard A14.2-2000
KEEP BODY
CENTERED BETWEEN
SIDE RAILS.
DO NOT OVER-REACH.
tiQw
5. ~ s t e p s t o o l I t b m k e n , r m m ~ i f e x p s d t o
fire a chemkxi cwmsion.
PROPER SET-UP
1. DANGER! MELU CONDUCTS ELECIRICITY! Do not
IetstepStmlsofanymataMcomeinmntactwith
l i e elecbicalwires.
2. Make sure step slwl ts fully apen and spraadas
secure.
3. Pkeonfirmswfaceardasecuretooting.Domt
use on sp
il perysurfaces.Do rot place cm boxes,
unstablebases of scaffolds to gain addilkml
heLgM.Cmrmtplzeinircntoldmopening
Marking No. 11
PROPER CARE AND STORAGE
1. Skmstepstwlinsafeanddryplace.
2. P m m secure and suppwt s$p stool while
in transit
3. Neverstorematemlsons$pstwl.
4. K e e p s $ p s b o l c i e m m d f o f a U f o r e g n ~
Marking No. 12
Marking No. 10
65
~~
S T D - A N S IA L W - E N G L
American National Standard A14.2-2000
DLmR4llNG
WORKINGW
SPECIAL OW
375 lbs.
INDUSTRIAL-EXTRA HEAW
300 lbs.
INDUSTRIAL-HEAW
250 lbs.
IA
I
INSPECTION
l . inspea upon receipt and before each use; never climb
a damaged. bentM broken !adder.Al parts must be in
~JOKI
working order.
2 Make sure all rivets,pink, nuts, and bolts are tight
NW,spreaders, and braces art! secure; spreaders
funcmn properly.
3. Keep M e r dean,free from grease. oil. mud, snow.
wet paintand other slippery material.Keep your shoes
clean; leathersoles should not be used.
4. Never make tempwary repairs of damagedM missing
m.
PROPER SET-UP
1 DANGER! METAL CONDUCT ELECTRICW! Do not let
U d m of any material come in amtact with live
electreai wires.
SPREADERS
2. Mdcesureladderisfullyopenand?pear!mpeaderssearre.
3. P t e on a firm surface and a securetoating. Do not
me on slippery swfaces.Do rot phce on boxes, unStable bases M scaffolds to gain addMrmal height. Donot
place in fmnt of d m opening toward ladder.
Marking No. 13
3. Facea
l &Men dimbing up M down; keep body
centeredbetween side nik.
4. Maintain a firm grip. Use both hands in dlmbing.
5. Never dimb W e r h m me side unless ladder is
secured against side-wise motan.
6. DO rot overreach, move ladder Menneeded.
7. h "ML"M "pe"h& when wing On fi.
8. DO
ilCds$nd.
9. Oarotarerload.Donotuseasbrace,p4atbrmaplank.
10. Keep ladder dose to rmk; avoid pushirg M pllling off
to the side of l a d d e n .
Weladderinsafeanddryplace.
Roperly w x r e and summt ladder while in mtt
Never stae rnateds on bdder.
Keep~rdeanmdfofallueignmal8riak
Marking No. 14
66
COPYRIGHT American National Standards Institute
Licensed by Information Handling Services
STD-ANSI AL4.2-ENGL
0724150 0557033 2 8 8
2000
MANUFACTURER'S
iNSTRUCTIONS
ANDIOR GRAPHICS
DEPiCTlNGLOCKiNG
MECHANISMS
MANUFACTURER'S
GRAPHICS
SHOWING
USESIPOSITIONS
Marking No. 17
~~
Marking No. 16
67
PROPER SELECTION
1. Select ladderof proper length to reach working
height
2. IMPORTANT:Ladders are designed to support me
person plus materials andtools not more than the
wollting hadon the notice sun on this ladder.
3. Select ladders within the following:
TYPE
IAA
IA
I
II
MANUFACTURER'S
INSTRUCTIONS
FOR USE
DUlYMTlNG
WORKING LOAD
SPECIALDUTY
375 lbs.
INDUSTRIAL-EXTRA HEAW 300 lbs.
INDUSTRIAL-HEAW
250 lbs.
COMMERCIAL-MEDIUM
225 lbs.
HINGE OPERATION
INSPECTION
l . Inspect upan receipt and before each use; never
cilmb a damaged, bentN tmken Iader. AIparts
must be in good working order.
2. Make Sure all r i v e t s , joints, nuts and bo16 are tight;
steps, rungs, spreaders. braces, and platformsare
SEXE; speadesandplaawm hinge k~nctm
popenl.
3. Keep ladder clean. free from grease. oil, mud,
snow, wet paint and m e r slippery material. Keep
w r shoes clean; leather soles should not beused.
4. Never make tempwary repairs of damaged or
missing parts.
5. Desboy ladder if brmcen, worn or if exposed to fire
a chemical corrosion.
MANUFACTURER'S
GRAPHIC
DRA WING
LOCKED
MANUFACTURER'S
GRAPHIC
DRAWING
PROPER SET-UP
1. DANGER! METAL CONDUCTSELECTRICITY! Do not
let ladders of any material come in contact with
llve elemita wires.
2. Make sure ladder is fuly open, spreaders and/or
datform are secure.
3. Place on a firm levei Surface with a secure footing.
Do not W on slippery surfaces. Do not place on
h
e
s
.unstable bes or scaffolds to gain additional height Do not place in hunt of door opening
toward Uder.
4. If equipped w n casters, lock in proper pition
before climbing.
5. If equkved w R oumiggers, pmitim per man&Crer's insinAhm before climbing.
UNLOCKED
3.
ADDmoNAL
INSTRUCTIONS FOR
PROPER CAREAND USE
OF THE LOCKIHINGE
M E C W I S M ACCORDING
TO THE TWEEACH
MANUFACTURER
EMPLOYS IN THE LADDER.
Marking No. 19
Marking No. 18
68
COPYRIGHT American National Standards Institute
Licensed by Information Handling Services
Marking No. 20
Ladder Size
Type and/or Duty Rating
POSITIONS SHOWN.
~~
WTr RATING
INDUSTRIAL-MRA HEAW
mwWNG UW
INWSTRIbL-HEAW
250 lbs.
225 lb.
200 lbs.
COMMERCW,MEOIUM
HOUSEHOD-LIGHT
300 lb.
ANSI
Standards Compliance
Warranty
DOUBLE LADDER
If Warranty Offered
OVERHANG
LADDER
Marking No. 23
SHORT STEP UDDER
Marking No. 21
Marking No. 22
69
COPYRIGHT American National Standards Institute
Licensed by Information Handling Services
STD=ANSI A34-2-ENGL2000
m 0724350 0559034
Marking No. 24
Appendix C
70
COPYRIGHT American National Standards Institute
Licensed by Information Handling Services
S T D - A N SA
I /LI=Z-ENGL
Standard ##
Title
Name
OrganizatiodCompany
City/
State/
Phone
Fax
Zip
Only one comment per form...P lease copy this form for additionalcommentsl
Comment...(Please be specific)
Mail or fax to: ALI Headquarters, 401 N. Michigan, Chicago, Illinois, 60611 Fax: 312.527.6705
71
A M E R I C A N L A D DIENRS T I T U T E
A
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