QUESTION NO.

10
In a study on the effects of stress on illness, a researcher tallied the
number of colds people contracted during a 6-month period as a function
of the amount of stress they reported during that same time period. There
were three stress levels: minimal, moderate, and high stress. The sum of
squares appear in the ANOVA summary table below. The mean for each
condition and the number of participants per condition are also noted.

Source
Between
groups
Within
groups
Total
Stress Level
Minimal
Moderate
High

df

SS
22.167

MS

14.750
36.917
Mean
3
4
6

n
4
4
4

a.
b.
c.
d.

Complete the ANOVA summary table.

Is Fobt significant at = .05?
Perform post hoc comparisons if necessary.
What conclusions can be drawn from the F-ratio and the post hoc
comparisons?
e. What is the effect size, and what does this mean?
f. Graph the mean.

ANSWER NO. 10
a. Complete the ANOVA summary table.
Source

df
k-1

Between
groups

SS

MS

22.167

11.08

6.79

14.750

1.63

31=2
Nk

Within
groups

12 - 3 = 9
N1

Total

36.917
12 1 = 11

Mencari nilai (df)

dfb = 3 1

dfw = 12 3

=2

dft = 12 - 1

=9

= 11

Mencari nilai (MS)

SS Total = SS Between + SSWithin
36.917=22.167+14.750

MSBetween =

MS Within =

SSBetween
df Between

SSWithin
df Within

22.167
2

14.75
9

= 11.08

= 1.63
2

b. Is Fobt significant at = .05?

Fobt = 6.79
Fcv = 4.26
Yes, significant. F ( 2, 9 ) = 6.79, p < .01

Figure 1

Rejecte
d

4.26
Fcv

6.79
Fobt

c. Perform post hoc comparisons if necessary.

HSD

0.05

= Q( k, dfw )
3.95

3.95
=

1.63
4

0.4 075

MS w
n

HSD0.01 =

Q (k, df within )

HSD0.01 =

Q ( 3,9

MS within
n

1.63
4

5.43

5.43 0.4075

5.43 0.638

3.95 0.63 8

MS within
n

2.52

d. What conclusions can be drawn from the F-ratio and the post hoc
comparisons?

The amount of stress had a significant effect on illness. Specifically,

the number of colds people contracted during a 6-month period as a
high stress effect more than the minimal and moderate stress level.
e. What is the effect size, and what does this mean?
SSBetween 22.167
=
SSTotal
36.917
0.6

0.60 100
60

The effect size is 60%.

f. Graph the mean.

Figure 1
7
6
5
4
Amount of Stress

3
2
1
0
Minimal

Moderate

High

Stress Level

QUESTION NO. 12
A researcher conducted an experiment on the effect of a new drug on
depression. The researcher had a control group that received nothing, a
placebo group, and an experimental group that received the drug. A
depression inventory that provided a measure of depression on a 50-point
scale was used (50 indicates that an individual is very high on the
depression variable). The ANOVA summary table appears below, alon with
the mean depression score for each condition.

Source
Between

df

SS
1202.313

groups
Within

2118.00

groups
Total

3320.313

Drug Condition
Control
Placebo
Drug

Mean
36.26
33.33
24.13

MS

n
15
15
15

a.
b.
c.
d.

Complete the ANOVA summary table.

Is Fobt significant at = .05?
Perform post hoc comparisons if necessary.
What conclusions can be drawn from the F-ratio and the post hoc
comparisons?
e. What is the effect size, and what does this mean?
f. Graph the mean.

ANSWER NO. 12
a. Complete the ANOVA summary table.
Source

df
(k1)

Between
groups

SS

MS

1202.313

601.15

11.92

2118.00

50.42

3 -1 = 2
(Nk)

Within
groups

45 3 = 42
(N1)

Total

3320.313
45 1 = 44

Drug Condition
Control
Placebo
Drug

Mean
36.26
33.33
24.13

MS Between =

MS Within =

F=

SSBetween
df between

SSWithin
df Within

MSBettween 601.15
=
MSWithin
50.42

1202.313
2

2118.00
42

n
15
15
15

= 601.15

= 50.42

= 11.92

b. Is Fobt significant at = .05?

Fobt = 11.92
Fcv = 3.23 ( d = 0.05)
Yes, significant. F (2, 42) = 11.92, p < .01

Figure 2

Rejecte
d

3.23
Fcv

11.92
Fobt

c. Perform post hoc comparisons if necessary.

HSD0.05

HSD0.05 =

=
=
=
=

Q (k , df within )

MS within
n

MS within
Q ( 3,42
n

3.44

50.42
15

HSD0.01

HSD0.01 =

Q (k , df within )
Q ( 3,42

MS within
n

MSwithin
n

50.42
15

4.37

4.37 3.36

4.37 1.83

8.0

3.44 3.36
3.44 1.83
6.30

d. What conclusions can be drawn from the F-ratio and the post hoc
comparisons?
The amount of effect of a new drug had significant effect on
depression. Specifically, experimental group that received the
drug significant higher effect on depression more the those control
group and placebo group.

e. What is the effect size, and what does this mean?

n2=

SSBetween
SSTotal

1202.31
3320.31

0.36

0.36 100

36

The effect size is 36%, thus knowing the drug control to which
participants were designed can explain 36% of the variability in
depressions.

f. Graph the mean.

Figure 2
40

Depression

35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Control

Placebo

"

"

Drug Condition

QUESTION NO. 14
A researcher has been hired by a pizzeria to determine which type of crust
customers prefer. The restaurant offers three type of crust: hand-tossed,
thick, and thin. Following are the mean number of 1-inch pieces of pizza
eaten for each condition from 10 participants who had the opportunity to
eat as many pieces with each type of crust as they desired. The ANOVA
summary table also follows.

Source
Participant

df

SS
2.75

Between

180.05

Error

21.65

Total

204.45

Crust Type
Hand-tossed

MS

df

SS
2.73

n
10

Thick

4.20

10

Thin

8.50

10

a.
b.
c.
d.

Complete the ANOVA summary table.

Is Fobt significant at = .05?
Perform post hoc comparisons if necessary.
What conclusions can be drawn from the F-ratio and the post hoc
comparisons?
e. What is the effect size, and what does this mean?
f. Graph the mean.

ANSWER NO. 14

a. Complete the ANOVA summary table.

Source
Participant

df
n1

SS
2.75

MS
0.30

180.05

90.02

75.01

21.65

1.20

10 1 = 9
Between
groups

k1
31=2

Error groups

(k-1)(n-1) =
18
(2)(9) = 18

Total

N1

204.45

30 1 = 29
Mencari nilai (df)

10

dfb = 3 1
dfe

dft = 30 1

=2
2 - 18

dfe = (3-1) (10-1)

= 29

dfp = dft dfb -

=29

= 29

= 18

=9

Kiraan nilai (MS)

MSParticipant =

SSParticipant 2.75
=
=0.30
df Participant
9

MS Between =

MSError =

SSBetween
df between

SSError
df Error

180.05
2

21.65
18

= 90.02

= 1.20

b. Is Fobt significant at = .05?

Yes, significant.
(2, 18) = 75.01, p < .01
MSBettween F
90.02
F=
=
= 75.01
MSErrow
1.20
Figure 3

HSD0.01

3.55
Fcv

HSD0.01 =
75.01

Q (k, df within )
Q ( 3,18

Fobt

c. Perform post hoc comparisons if necessary.

MS within
n

1. 2
10

4.70

4.70 0.12

4. 7 0 0.34
1.60

MS within
n

11

Rejecte
d

MS Error

HSD0.05 = Q (K, df Error ) n

HSD0.05 =

Q ( 3,18

MS within
n

1.2
10

3.61

3.61 0.12

3.61 0.34

1.23

d. What conclusions can be drawn from the F-ratio and the post hoc
comparisons?
The amount of the crust type had significant effect on pizzeria to
determine. Specifically, thin group significant higher more than thick
and hand-tossed group.

e. What is the effect size, and what does this mean?

SSBetween
SSTotal

180.05
204.45

0.88

0.88 100

12

 88

The effect size is 88%, thus knowing the crust type to which
participants were assigned can explain 88% of variability in pizzeria
to determine.

f. Graph the mean.

Figure 3
9
8
7
6
5
pizzeria to determine

4
3
2
1
0
Hand-tossed

Thick

Thin

Crust-Type

13