paraphrasng Exercises

Part A:
Read the sentences below and:
a.

decide which sentences are closest in meaning to the five sentences

below.
b.

explain why the others are not legitimate paraphrases.

c.

underline the changed vocabulary items and grammatical structures in

the paraphrase.
1. 25% of adolescents who have one baby have a second baby within
two years of the first baby's birth (Smithson, 2009, p. 6).
a. According to Smithson (2009), 25% of babies are born to mothers who are
adolescents (p. 6).
b.One out of four adolescent mothers has another baby before the first baby
reaches his second birthday (Smithson, 2009, p. 6).
c. A quarter of young mothers give birth when their first born is two
(Smithson, 2009, p. 6).
d.25% of mothers become pregnant again when their first babies are two
years old.
2. It has been reported that the richest one percent of Americans own
40% of the country's wealth (Richards, 2005, p. 45).
a. The richest 1% are 40 times as wealthy as the rest of Americans (Richards,
2005, p. 45).
b.If the gap between rich and poor continues to grow at the current rate, the
richest one percent will soon own 40% of the country's wealth (Richards,
2005, p. 45).
c. 40% of the country's wealth is in the hands of only 1% of Americans
(Richards, 2005, p. 45).
d.99% of Americans own 40% as much as the richest 1%.
3. The judge was relieved when the jury was finally ready to announce
its verdict (Ray, 2011, p. 69).

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a. When the jury announced its verdict, the judge was relieved (Ray, 2011, p.
69).
b.The judge asked the jury to arrive at a verdict.
c. The judge welcomed the prospect of an imminent verdict (Ray, 2011, p.
69).
d.The jury welcomed the judge's relief.

4. Research data suggest that girls who witnessed maternal abuse

may tolerate abuse as adults more than girls who did not (Allen, 2000,
p. 33).
a. Allen (2000) claims that women who witnessed the abuse of their mother
as teens are more likely to become abusive adults (p. 33).
b.Women who observed the abuse of their mothers when they were young
are more likely to endure abuse themselves (Allen, 2000, p. 33).
c. Women who were abused as children are more likely to abuse their own
children (Allen, 2000, p. 33).
d.Girls who testify about maternal abuse tolerate abuse as adults more
readily.
5. Martha thinks that the issue of adolescent problems is important to
write about (Black, 2013, para. 14).
a. Martha thinks that adolescents like to write about their problems (Black,
2013, para. 14).
b.Martha feels that writing about adolescent problems is worthwhile (Black,
2013, para. 14).
c. Martha believes that the dream of most adolescents is to write something
important (Black, 2013, para. 14).
d.Martha thinks that adolescents can write about their problems.
Part B:
Rewrite the following sentences by making both structural and lexical
changes without distorting the meaning of the original sentence. Do
not forget to include the in-text references.
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1. Great men are usually judged by their accomplishments, and as one of them,
so was Mustafa Kemal Atatrk (as cited in Glc, Glen, een & Tokdemir,
2009, p. 34 ).
________________________________________________________________________________________
_
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
__

2. His enduring monument, the democratic, economically dynamic Republic of

Turkey has been celebrating its independence for over eight decades (as
cited in Glc, Glen, een & Tokdemir, 2009, p. 34).
________________________________________________________________________________________
_
________________________________________________________________________________________
_
________________________________________________________________________________________
_

3. He led Turkey on a path toward modernization, with a series of innovative

reforms, all geared towards setting Turkey on a Western course (as cited in
Glc, Glen, een & Tokdemir, 2009, p. 34).
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
_
________________________________________________________________________________________
_

4. Without [Atatrks] vision, without his ambition and energy, without his
astonishing boldness in sweeping away traditions accumulated over centuries,
todays Turkey would not exist and the world would be much poorer (as cited
in Glc, Glen, een & Tokdemir, 2009, p. 35).
________________________________________________________________________________________
_
________________________________________________________________________________________
_
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________________________________________________________________________________________
_

5. Mustafa Kemal, when commanding the 19th Infantry Division, taking the
initiative moved his division to Conkbayr without awaiting approval from
higher headquarters, in anticipation of the main attack occurring in that
area (as cited in Glc, Glen, een & Tokdemir, 2009, p. 35).
________________________________________________________________________________________
_
________________________________________________________________________________________
_
________________________________________________________________________________________
_

6. Such courageous words sparked his troops into regaining their confidence
and holding to their position under attack in the face of death (as cited in
Glc, Glen, een & Tokdemir, 2009, p. 36).
________________________________________________________________________________________
_
________________________________________________________________________________________
_
________________________________________________________________________________________

7. Mustafa Kemals own evident readiness to die for the defence of his country
[] made others ready to die at his orders (as cited in Glc, Glen, een &
Tokdemir, 2009, p. 34).
________________________________________________________________________________________
_
________________________________________________________________________________________
_
________________________________________________________________________________________

8. Although only about 10% of a final manuscript should appear as directly

quoted material, students generally overuse quotations in their writing because

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they frequently overuse direct quotation in taking notes for their paper (Ricky,
2003, para. 19).
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
____

9. A key factor in explaining the sad state of the traditional education can be
found in overbureaucratization, which is seen in the compulsion to consolidate
our public schools into massive factories and to increase the number of our
universities (Espan, 2004, p. 99).
________________________________________________________________________________________
_
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
___

10. Drug resistance remains a major problem in combating HIV infection, but a
different approach
to drug development could be the answer (Pars, 2008, p. 90).
_______________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
___

11. Political campaigns vary in the effectiveness with which they transmit their
messages via the news media, which most of the time depends on the
characteristics of the political figures and whether they are effective users of the
media (Ricket, 2001, p. 33).

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________________________________________________________________________________________
_
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
___

12. When it comes to power, politics trumps business according to a new

Forbes ranking on Wednesday that found heads of state occupying six of the top
10 spots among the world's most powerful people, led by President Barack
Obama (Pritt, 2005, p. 76).
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
____

13.The shortages of the 1970s forced the United States to think more seriously
about its reliance on oil, which raised serious concerns over national security,
trade losses and environmental destruction (Matthews, 2013, p. 42).
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
___

14. Researchers have found a strong association between computer and

Internet use in adolescents and engagement in multiple-risk behaviours (MRB),
including illicit drug use and drunkenness (Zack, 2000, p. 42).
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

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Answers:
Part A:
1. b

2. c

3. c

4. b

5. b

IMPORTANT REMINDER: Please note that in the other alternatives, there is

either a change in meaning and / or the in-text reference is missing.
Part B
Suggested Answers:
1.
-

Ataturk, who is also considered among the great men, was also evaluated by
his success (as cited in Glc, Glen, een & Tokdemir, 2009, p. 34).

Like all the great leaders Ataturk was also evaluated by his successful deeds
(as cited in Glc, Glen, een & Tokdemir, 2009, p. 34).

Great leaders are generally evaluated by their success and Ataturk is also one
of those great leaders (as cited in Glc, Glen, een & Tokdemir, 2009, p.
34).

It has been over eight decades since Ataturk has created a long lasting,
democratic, independent and economically vibrant Republic of Turkey (as
cited in Glc, Glen, een & Tokdemir, 2009, p. 34).

Ataturks long lasting, democratic and economically vibrant monument has

been celebrating its freedom for over eight decades (as cited in Glc, Glen,
een & Tokdemir, 2009, p. 34).

Republic of Turkey, which has been a long lasting, democratic and

economically vibrant monument of Ataturk, is celebrating its freedom for over
eight decades (as cited in Glc, Glen, een & Tokdemir, 2009, p. 34).

2.

3.
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What Ataturk aimed at by making some new and pioneering reforms was to
turn Turkey into a modern Western country (as cited in Glc, Glen, een &
Tokdemir, 2009, p. 34).

Ataturks new and pioneering reforms helped Turkey to become a modern

western country (as cited in Glc, Glen, een & Tokdemir, 2009, p. 34).

Ataturk helped Turkey to become a Western and modern country by

introducing some new and pioneering reforms (as cited in Glc, Glen, een
& Tokdemir, 2009, p. 34).

Turkey owes its existence to Ataturks dream, desire ,stamina/energy and

courage to change the deeply rooted traditions and the world would be such a
dull place without Turkey (as cited in Glc, Glen, een & Tokdemir, 2009, p.
34).

What made Turkey to exist is Ataturks dream, desire ,stamina/energy and

courage to change the deeply rooted traditions and the world would be such a
dull place without Turkeys existence (as cited in Glc, Glen, een &
Tokdemir, 2009, p. 34).

As Ataturk had an objective to achieve, a strong desire, energy and a

surprising courage, he was able to change the deeply rooted traditions of
Turkey, which helped the world to become richer (as cited in Glc, Glen,
een & Tokdemir, 2009, p. 34).

When Mustafa Kemal expected/predicted an attack from the enemy in

Conkbayr, he took an action by himself and did not ask for permission from
headquarters. He transferred the 19th Infantary division, which he was in
charge of, to Conkbayr (as cited in Glc, Glen, een & Tokdemir, 2009, p.
34).

Mustafa Kemal took initiative and did not ask for permission from headquarters
to transfer the 19th Infantry division, which he was in charge of, to
Conkbayr because he expected/predicted an attack from the enemy in
Conkbayr (as cited in Glc, Glen, een & Tokdemir, 2009, p. 34).

Ataturks bold/spirited words helped his troops to lift their morale and during
the attack they did not move back/withdraw even if there was a great risk of
death (as cited in Glc, Glen, een & Tokdemir, 2009, p. 34).

With the help of Ataturks bold/spirited words, the morale of his troops was
lifted and during the attack they did not move back/withdraw even if there was
a great risk of death (as cited in Glc, Glen, een & Tokdemir, 2009, p. 34).

Mustafa Kemal was obviously willing to die in order to defend his country and
this made others sacrifice their lives by his commands (as cited in Glc,
Glen, een & Tokdemir, 2009, p. 34).

4.

5.

6.

7.

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Other soldiers were greatly affected/deeply moved by his command as

Mustafa Kemal himself was willing to die in order to defend his country (as
cited in Glc, Glen, een & Tokdemir, 2009, p. 34).

Students should keep quoted material down to a desirable level, about 10% of
the entire paper, but they often quote excessively in their paper, which usually
originates from their quoting unnecessarily while taking notes for writing
(Ricky, 2003, para. 19).

Students should keep quoted material down to a desirable level, about 10% of
the entire paper, but they often quote excessively in their paper. This usually
results from their quoting unnecessarily while taking notes for their paper
(Ricky, 2003, para. 19).

According to Espan (2004), overbureacratization, which involves turning public

schools into big factories and building up more universities, is to be held highly
responsible for the undesirable state of the traditional education (p. 99).

According to Espan (2004), overbureacratization, which involves turning public

schools into big factories and building up more universities, is the major
reason for the undesirable state of the traditional education (p. 99).

According to Espan (2004), the undesirable state of the traditional education is

mainly caused by overbureacratization, which involves turning public schools
into big factories and building up more universities (p. 99).

A new approach to developing drugs might be the cure for the resistance
problems found in current HIV drugs (Pars, 2008, p. 90).

The solution for drug-resistant HIV infection lies in a new approach to develop
drugs (Pars, 2008, p. 90).

The success of political campaigns in the use of the media to voice their words
to the public might differ since it depends on what kind of political leaders
politicians are and how effectively they use the media (Ricket, 2001, p. 33).

Personality traits of the political leaders and how effectively they use the
media, i.e. the way they use to convey their vision via the news media,
determine the possible success of political campaigns (Ricket, 2001, p. 33).

In a recent Forbes list published on Wednesday, it was seen that political

figures are considered to be much more powerful than businesspeople, which
is well-supported by the existence of the six politicians in the top 10 powerful
people and Barack Obamas being the number one (Pritt, 2005, p. 76).

As a result of the oil shortages of the 1970s, the United States had to
reconsider its dependence on oil because this crisis led to problems related to
national security, loss of trade and environmental damage (Matthews, 2013, p.
42).

Due to the shortages in 1970s, the United States had to consider its
dependence on oil, resulting in severe problems related to the security of the

8.

9.

10.

11

12.

13.

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nation and the damages given to trade as well as the environment (Matthews,
2013, p. 42).
-

The United States dependence on oil was to be considered seriously due to

the shortages in 1970s, which resulted in more problems related to the
security of the nation and the damages given to trade as well as the
environment (Matthews, 2013, p. 42).

According to researchers, there is a close relationship between computer and

Internet use in adolescents and the incidence of multiple-risk behaviours
(MRB) such as drug abuse and alcohol consumption (Zack, 2000, p. 42).

According to researchers, adolescents who use the Internet and computer are
more inclined to suffer from multiple-risk behaviours (MRB) like drug abuse
and alcohol consumption (Zack, 2000, p. 42).

According to researchers, multiple-risk behaviours (MRB) such as drug abuse

and alcohol consumption are commonly observed among adolescents who use
computer and the Internet (Zack, 2000, p. 42).

14.

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